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  • Wordpress categories auto pages

    - by user2669720
    I´m looking someway (plugin, code, template, etc) to make a categories page on wordpress, where only sub-categories be shown per page. To be more specific, please visit https://www.ifixit.com/Device/Mac There are 3 Categories there : Mac Laptop, Desktop, Hardware. Inside Mac Laptop are other subcategories. There will be posts assigned to those categories. Is there a plugin for wordpress that can do that? Thanks

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  • objective C string Confusion

    - by mac
    I am having code NSString *cellValue1 = [products1 objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; when i try to print NSLog(@"cell value is %@",cellValue1); in log i am not getting anything, if i use %s, i am getting some symbols, not the string located in cellValue1. Please help me. Thanks in advance.

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  • how to get variable stored in another object using objective c

    - by mac
    Hi All SaveNotes *saveNotes = [[SaveNotes alloc]initWithTitleString:title descrString:descr]; [titleDescrObjects addObject:saveNotes]; [saveNotes release]; from the above code i have saved title,descr to a class SaveNotes , and then i have stored that object in my NSMutableArray - titleDescrObjects, Its working fine, i need to get particular objects "descr" alone, how to get the descr from objectAtIndex:i i am trying for (int i=0; i<[titleDescrObjects count]; i++) { NSLog(@"\n ((%@))\n",[titleDescrObjects objectAtIndex:i].descr); } Thanks in advance,

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  • XCode 3.2.5 Cocoa project modifies linked 3rd party dylib. Why?

    - by Barrie
    I'm linking a 3rd party dylib into a cocoa project. And I arrange for XCode to copy it into the Frameworks directory of the app. But when I cmp the original dylib with the dylib in Frameworks I discover the 3rd party dylib has been modified. I have some old XCode cocoa projects which don't do this, i.e. the dylib in Frameworks is the same as the original. I've tried modifying the XCode projects to isolate what is causing the dylib to be modified but so far no luck. Any ideas?

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  • How to see .class content in Eclipse?

    - by mac
    Sometimes, in Eclipse , i press a combination of keys which take me to the editor page that shows contents of my .class file. I never seem to be able to remember what that key combination is. Can someone please let me know?

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  • how to change a while sql query loop into an array loop

    - by Mac Taylor
    hey guys i record number of queries of my website and in page the below script runs , 40 extra queries added to page . how can I change this sql connection into a propper and light one function tree_set($index) { //global $menu; Remove this. $q=mysql_query("select id,name,parent from cats where parent='$index'"); if(mysql_num_rows($q) === 0) { return; } // User $tree instead of the $menu global as this way there shouldn't be any data duplication $tree = $index > 0 ? '<ul>' : ''; // If we are on index 0 then we don't need the enclosing ul while($arr=mysql_fetch_assoc($q)) { $subFileCount=mysql_query("select id,name,parent from cats where parent='{$arr['id']}'"); if(mysql_num_rows($subFileCount) > 0) { $class = 'folder'; } else { $class = 'file'; } $tree .= '<li>'; $tree .= '<span class="'.$class.'">'.$arr['name'].'</span>'; $tree .=tree_set("".$arr['id'].""); $tree .= '</li>'."\n"; } $tree .= $index > 0 ? '</ul>' : ''; // If we are on index 0 then we don't need the enclosing ul return $tree; } i heard , this can be done by changing it into an array , but i don't know how to do so thanks in advance

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  • switching on and off in jquery

    - by Mac Taylor
    hey my friends i wrote a code to switch on or off the status of a story ( activate or deactivate ) this is my html part : $status_link = $active==1 ? "active.gif" : "inactive.gif"; <span id='status_link'> <a class='change_status' href='javascript:void(0)' id='$pid'> <img src='images/$status_link' class='active_status' id='$active'></a> </span> and this is my jquery code : <script type="text/javascript">$(function(){ $('.change_status').each(function(){ var pid=$(this).attr('id'); $('.active_status').each(function(){ var type=$(this).attr('id'); .click(function(){ $.post("change_status.php"+"&type="+type+"&pid="+pid, function(data){ $('#status_link').html(data).fadeIn("slow"); }); return false; }); }); </script> and a php function that is easy, i dont think its needed i myself think there is a problem with my jquery code how can i change the picture of that image by clicking on it

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  • can we use jquery for client side validation of a custom validation control?

    - by Mac
    There are two textboxes one for email and other one for phone i have used one custom validation control so that user have to fill any one of textboxes for client side i used javascript function ValidatePhoneEmail(source, args) { var tboxEmail = document.getElementById('<%= tboxEmail.ClientID %>'); var tboxPhone = document.getElementById('<%= tboxPhone.ClientID %>'); if (tboxEmail.value.trim() != '' || tboxPhone.value.trim() != '') { args.IsValid = true; } else { args.IsValid = false; } } how to achieve same result using jquery

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  • Simplest possible Ubuntu GUI app.

    - by Chris Becke
    On Windows, no matter which framework you use, all the frameworks need, ultimately, to call the user mode user32::CreateWindowEx API to actually create a window on the desktop. On Ubuntu, or indeed Linux systems in general, it seems that the choices are to use a widget framework like Wx or Qt or GTK+ to create a GUI application, but all these frameworks feel like they are wrapping something more fundamental. Do these all talk directly to X on Linux? I thought Ubuntu was moving to a non X window manager, so what are they going to use then? What library would I use to access the window manager all these frameworks use?

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  • Easiest way to keep SSRS child elements in the same relative position when the parent is re-positioned?

    - by Mac
    I am trying to revise the layout of an SSRS report where I have several textboxes that are child elements of a rectangle. When I reposition the parent rectangle down by x, all of the child textboxes maintain the same absolute position. Their "Location" (defined relative to the parent) decreases by x. I then need to reposition the child textboxes. Additionally, if any of these ever has a negative "Location" then the parent rectangle is then repositioned back up by x. What is the easiest way to move everything in unison? I can Control-click everything and then drag them or use the arrow keys, but I want to position everything with precision and the "Location" field in the Properties window disappears when selecting more than one item. Is there a way I can avoid individually computing and typing in every "Location" value every time I have a small layout change? I am using SSRS (11.0.3360.12) within the Visual Studio 2012 Shell. Thanks!

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  • read, parse and process json (java)

    - by mac
    Guys, simple situation - read a json file discover all key-value pairs compare key-value pairs I tried gson, package from json.org, but can't seem to get far with it. Can someone please provide a clear sample in Java on how to take a file, read it, end up with json objec i can get key/value pairs from thanks so much

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  • nesting div within span problem

    - by Mac
    div is a block element and span is an inline element so according to xhtml 1.0 validation it is not right but still several websites uses this method for styling is it all right ? or it will cause some problem please help me ?

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  • What will be the output of this program? And why?

    - by Mac
    I came across a good example written below: class Test { private: int m_iX; public: Test(void): m_iX(0) { } ~Test(void) { } void Show() { printf("Hello World"); } }; int main() { Test* pTemp = NULL; pTemp->Show(); return 0; } But, what does this code mean and do? Thanks

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  • 11gR2???---gipc????

    - by Allen Gao
    Normal 0 7.8 ? 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/ classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:????; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} ??????,????11gR2 ??????gipcd(????ora.gipcd)????,????gipc???,????????????? ????,??oracle????,??????????,??????????,???????????cache fusion ?????????????,?????????????oracle????????????,??????,???????(?????????Note 220970.1:RAC: Frequently Asked Questions,?????????)???????,???????????/????,?????????????? ??,?10gR2 ?11gR1????,?????????????,??:Linux bonding, AIX EtherChannel, HP-UX APA ???????????????????????????????(??,????????????????,???????)???????10g ?11.1 ??????,??????????????????(???????),????????????????subnet??????,????,?????oracle???????????,??????????????,???????????,??????????????,??????????????????????,??:????,?????? ?????????,?11gR2??(????,?11.2.0.2??),oracle??????????????,?????gipc(Grid IPC)???,??????????gipcd.bin?????????,??????? 1. ??????,????????????,?????????,?????????gpnp profile??????????????????? 2. ???????????,??????????,???????????????? 3. ?????????????,?????????/???????????,????????,???????? ??,oracle????????????????????????/??????,??,?????????? ??,???????????????,?????gipc ?HAIP????????????,??????????????,???????????????????:?????????,??:ocssd.bin????,crsd.bin??????;???:oracle RAC ??,??:ASM ??????,?????????????,?????????????????????gipc,???????????,?????????????????????,????????????????,?????,????????????,??,?????????????????gipc???,oracle ??????????????,??????????????,????????????????,HAIP ????,????oracle RAC??????/?????????,????????????????,????,????????HAIP?????,????????????ASM??,?????(???NM??)??????????,?????????????????HAIP,????????,????,???????? “Redundant Interconnect with Highly Available IP (HAIP) ??”? ???,???????????????????????? 1.??????gipcd.log 2013-07-17 12:28:28.071: [ default][3041003216]gipcd START pid=22337 Oracle Grid IPC Daemon 2013-07-17 12:28:28.072: [ GIPCD][3041003216] gipcdMain: gipcd Started <<<<<< gipcd????????? …… 2013-07-17 12:28:29.046: [ GPNP][3041003216]clsgpnp_getCachedProfileEx: [at clsgpnp.c:613] Result: (26) CLSGPNP_NO_PROFILE. Can't get offline GPnP service profile: local gpnpd is up and running. Use getProfile instead. 2013-07-17 12:28:29.046: [ GPNP][3041003216]clsgpnp_getCachedProfileEx: [at clsgpnp.c:623] Result: (26) CLSGPNP_NO_PROFILE. Failed to get offline GPnP service profile. 2013-07-17 12:28:29.066: [ GPNP][3041003216]clsgpnpm_newWiredMsg: [at clsgpnpm.c:741] Msg-reply has soap fault 10 (Operation returned Retry (error CLSGPNP_CALL_AGAIN)) [uri "http://www.grid-pnp.org/2005/12/gpnp-errors#"] <<<< gipcd ????gpnp profile?????????log??GI??????,?????????,?????gpnpd???????? …… 2013-07-17 12:28:39.342: [ CLSINET][3023027088] # 0 Interface 'eth1',ip='192.168.254.30',mac='00-0c-29-a8-14-65',mask='255.255.255.0',net='192.168.254.0',use='cluster_interconnect' 2013-07-17 12:28:39.342: [ CLSINET][3023027088] # 1 Interface 'eth2',ip='192.168.254.31',mac='00-0c-29-a8-14-6f',mask='255.255.255.0',net='192.168.254.0',use='cluster_interconnect' <<<<< gipcd ????????????????,???????2??????????? …… 2013-07-17 12:28:39.344: [GIPCHTHR][3025128336] gipchaWorkerUpdateInterface: created local bootstrap interface for node 'single1', haName 'gipcd_ha_name', inf 'mcast://230.0.1.0:42424/192.168.254.30' 2013-07-17 12:28:39.344: [GIPCHTHR][3025128336] gipchaWorkerUpdateInterface: created local interface for node 'single1', haName 'gipcd_ha_name', inf '192.168.254.30:46782' 2013-07-17 12:28:39.345: [GIPCHTHR][3025128336] gipchaWorkerUpdateInterface: created local bootstrap interface for node 'single1', haName 'gipcd_ha_name', inf 'mcast://230.0.1.0:42424/192.168.254.31' 2013-07-17 12:28:39.345: [GIPCHTHR][3025128336] gipchaWorkerUpdateInterface: created local interface for node 'single1', haName 'gipcd_ha_name', inf '192.168.254.31:39332' <<<<<<< gipcd ????????(????????????????)?endpoint ????? …… 2013-07-17 12:28:56.767: [GIPCHGEN][3023027088] gipchaNodeCreate: adding new node 0x9c107d8 { host 'single2', haName 'gipcd_ha_name', srcLuid 465fb26d-8b46eb95, dstLuid 00000000-00000000 numInf 0, contigSeq 0, lastAck 0, lastValidAck 0, sendSeq [0 : 0], createTime 797327224, flags 0x0 } <<<<< ???????? …… 2013-07-17 12:28:58.415: [GIPCHTHR][3025128336] gipchaWorkerUpdateInterface: created remote interface for node 'single2', haName 'gipcd_ha_name', inf 'udp://192.168.254.33:16663' 2013-07-17 12:28:58.415: [GIPCHGEN][3025128336] gipchaWorkerAttachInterface: Interface attached inf 0x9c0bb60 { host 'single2', haName 'gipcd_ha_name', local 0xb4c4e590, ip '192.168.254.33:16663', subnet '192.168.254.0', mask '255.255.255.0', numRef 0, numFail 0, flags 0x6 } 2013-07-17 12:28:58.415: [GIPCHTHR][3025128336] gipchaWorkerUpdateInterface: created remote interface for node 'single2', haName 'gipcd_ha_name', inf 'udp://192.168.254.32:17578' 2013-07-17 12:28:58.415: [GIPCHGEN][3025128336] gipchaWorkerAttachInterface: Interface attached inf 0x9c0a900 { host 'single2', haName 'gipcd_ha_name', local 0xb4cb8eb8, ip '192.168.254.32:17578', subnet '192.168.254.0', mask '255.255.255.0', numRef 0, numFail 0, flags 0x6 } <<<<<< gipcd ??????????????? …… 2013-07-17 12:29:36.120: [GIPCDMON][3027229584] gipcdMonitorSaveInfMetrics: inf[ 0] eth1 - rank 99, avgms 6.326531 [ 257 / 250 / 245 ] 2013-07-17 12:29:36.120: [GIPCDMON][3027229584] gipcdMonitorSaveInfMetrics: inf[ 1] eth2 - rank 99, avgms 5.182186 [ 259 / 250 / 247 ] <<<<<gipcd ??????????? ……  2. ?????????down???gipcd.log? 2013-07-17 13:23:20.346: [ CLSINET][3027229584] Returning NETDATA: 2 interfaces 2013-07-17 13:23:20.346: [ CLSINET][3027229584] # 0 Interface 'eth1',ip='192.168.254.30',mac='00-0c-29-a8-14-65',mask='255.255.255.0',net='192.168.254.0',use='cluster_interconnect' 2013-07-17 13:23:20.346: [ CLSINET][3027229584] # 1 Interface 'eth2',ip='192.168.254.31',mac='00-0c-29-a8-14-6f',mask='255.255.255.0',net='192.168.254.0',use='cluster_interconnect' 2013-07-17 13:23:20.359: [GIPCDMON][3027229584] gipcdMonitorSaveInfMetrics: inf[ 0] eth1 - rank 99, avgms 1.560694 [ 171 / 173 / 173 ] 2013-07-17 13:23:20.359: [GIPCDMON][3027229584] gipcdMonitorSaveInfMetrics: inf[ 1] eth2 - rank 99, avgms 1.802326 [ 172 / 172 / 172 ] <<<<<<<< gipcd ?????????? …… +++????“ifconfig eth1 down”????????????? …… 2013-07-17 13:23:44.397: [ CLSINET][3027229584] # 0 Interface 'eth2',ip='192.168.254.31',mac='00-0c-29-a8-14-6f',mask='255.255.255.0',net='192.168.254.0',use='cluster_interconnect' 2013-07-17 13:23:44.397: [GIPCDMON][3027229584] gipcdMonitorUpdate: interface went down - [ ip 192.168.254.30, subnet 192.168.254.0, mask 255.255.255.0 ] 2013-07-17 13:23:44.397: [GIPCDMON][3027229584] gipcdMonitorUpdate: msg sent to client thread (([update(ip: 192.168.254.30, mask: 255.255.255.0, subnet 192.168.254.0), state(gipcdadapterstateDown)])) <<<<<<<< gipcd ????eth1 down?,???????(??:ocssd.bin)????? …… 2013-07-17 13:23:44.426: [GIPCHGEN][3025128336] gipchaInterfaceDisable: disabling interface 0xb4c4e590 { host '', haName 'gipcd_ha_name', local (nil), ip '192.168.254.30', subnet '192.168.254.0', mask '255.255.255.0', numRef 0, numFail 1, flags 0x1cd } 2013-07-17 13:23:44.428: [GIPCHGEN][3025128336] gipchaInterfaceDisable: disabling interface 0x9c0bb60 { host 'single2', haName 'gipcd_ha_name', local 0xb4c4e590, ip '192.168.254.33:16663', subnet '192.168.254.0', mask '255.255.255.0', numRef 0, numFail 0, flags 0x86 } 2013-07-17 13:23:44.428: [GIPCHALO][3025128336] gipchaLowerCleanInterfaces: performing cleanup of disabled interface 0x9c0bb60 { host 'single2', haName 'gipcd_ha_name', local 0xb4c4e590, ip '192.168.254.33:16663', subnet '192.168.254.0', mask '255.255.255.0', numRef 0, numFail 0, flags 0xa6 } <<<<<<<<gipcd ????????eth1 ???,????????????????????? …… 2013-07-17 13:24:08.747: [GIPCDMON][3027229584] gipcdMonitorSaveInfMetrics: inf[ 0] eth2 - rank 99, avgms 1.955307 [ 204 / 181 / 179 ] <<<<<<<gipcd ???????????? ??:??????,??????????????????,????????????????,???????????eth1??HAIP,?failover?eth2 ?,????,????ASM??????? 3. ???eht1???? ++ ????”ifconfig eth1 up”????eth1 2013-07-17 13:36:31.260: [GIPCDMON][3027229584] gipcdMonitorUpdate: New Interface found - [ ip 192.168.254.30, subnet 192.168.254.0, mask 255.255.255.0 ] 2013-07-17 13:36:31.260: [GIPCDMON][3027229584] gipcdMonitorUpdate: msg sent to client thread (([update(ip: 192.168.254.30, mask: 255.255.255.0, subnet 192.168.254.0), state(gipcdadapterstateUp)])) <<<<< gpicd ?????????? …… 2013-07-17 13:36:31.471: [GIPCHTHR][3025128336] gipchaWorkerUpdateInterface: created local bootstrap interface for node 'single1', haName 'gipcd_ha_name', inf 'mcast://230.0.1.0:42424/192.168.254.30' 2013-07-17 13:36:31.471: [GIPCHTHR][3025128336] gipchaWorkerUpdateInterface: created local interface for node 'single1', haName 'gipcd_ha_name', inf '192.168.254.30:55548' <<<<<< ?????endpoint???? …… 2013-07-17 13:37:11.493: [ CLSINET][3027229584] Returning NETDATA: 2 interfaces 2013-07-17 13:37:11.493: [ CLSINET][3027229584] # 0 Interface 'eth1',ip='192.168.254.30',mac='00-0c-29-a8-14-65',mask='255.255.255.0',net='192.168.254.0',use='cluster_interconnect' 2013-07-17 13:37:11.493: [ CLSINET][3027229584] # 1 Interface 'eth2',ip='192.168.254.31',mac='00-0c-29-a8-14-6f',mask='255.255.255.0',net='192.168.254.0',use='cluster_interconnect' 2013-07-17 13:37:11.510: [GIPCDMON][3027229584] gipcdMonitorSaveInfMetrics: inf[ 0] eth2 - rank 99, avgms 6.141304 [ 307 / 184 / 184 ] <<<<<<<< <<<<<<<< gipcd??????? ??:??????,??????????????????,????????????????,????????failover?eth2??HAIP,?????eth1 ?,????,????ASM??????? ??,????????,gipcd ???????????,??,????????,?????????(????)????,gipcd???????????,??????HAIP???,???????????????(??:Linux bonding,etherchannel?),???????????,????????? ??????????????11gR2 ??????gipcd????,????????????,?????????? ??????????,???????????,??“??:11gR2???---gipc????"?

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  • Integrating JavaScript Unit Tests with Visual Studio

    - by Stephen Walther
    Modern ASP.NET web applications take full advantage of client-side JavaScript to provide better interactivity and responsiveness. If you are building an ASP.NET application in the right way, you quickly end up with lots and lots of JavaScript code. When writing server code, you should be writing unit tests. One big advantage of unit tests is that they provide you with a safety net that enable you to safely modify your existing code – for example, fix bugs, add new features, and make performance enhancements -- without breaking your existing code. Every time you modify your code, you can execute your unit tests to verify that you have not broken anything. For the same reason that you should write unit tests for your server code, you should write unit tests for your client code. JavaScript is just as susceptible to bugs as C#. There is no shortage of unit testing frameworks for JavaScript. Each of the major JavaScript libraries has its own unit testing framework. For example, jQuery has QUnit, Prototype has UnitTestJS, YUI has YUI Test, and Dojo has Dojo Objective Harness (DOH). The challenge is integrating a JavaScript unit testing framework with Visual Studio. Visual Studio and Visual Studio ALM provide fantastic support for server-side unit tests. You can easily view the results of running your unit tests in the Visual Studio Test Results window. You can set up a check-in policy which requires that all unit tests pass before your source code can be committed to the source code repository. In addition, you can set up Team Build to execute your unit tests automatically. Unfortunately, Visual Studio does not provide “out-of-the-box” support for JavaScript unit tests. MS Test, the unit testing framework included in Visual Studio, does not support JavaScript unit tests. As soon as you leave the server world, you are left on your own. The goal of this blog entry is to describe one approach to integrating JavaScript unit tests with MS Test so that you can execute your JavaScript unit tests side-by-side with your C# unit tests. The goal is to enable you to execute JavaScript unit tests in exactly the same way as server-side unit tests. You can download the source code described by this project by scrolling to the end of this blog entry. Rejected Approach: Browser Launchers One popular approach to executing JavaScript unit tests is to use a browser as a test-driver. When you use a browser as a test-driver, you open up a browser window to execute and view the results of executing your JavaScript unit tests. For example, QUnit – the unit testing framework for jQuery – takes this approach. The following HTML page illustrates how you can use QUnit to create a unit test for a function named addNumbers(). <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Using QUnit</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://github.com/jquery/qunit/raw/master/qunit/qunit.css" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <h1 id="qunit-header">QUnit example</h1> <h2 id="qunit-banner"></h2> <div id="qunit-testrunner-toolbar"></div> <h2 id="qunit-userAgent"></h2> <ol id="qunit-tests"></ol> <div id="qunit-fixture">test markup, will be hidden</div> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://github.com/jquery/qunit/raw/master/qunit/qunit.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // The function to test function addNumbers(a, b) { return a+b; } // The unit test test("Test of addNumbers", function () { equals(4, addNumbers(1,3), "1+3 should be 4"); }); </script> </body> </html> This test verifies that calling addNumbers(1,3) returns the expected value 4. When you open this page in a browser, you can see that this test does, in fact, pass. The idea is that you can quickly refresh this QUnit HTML JavaScript test driver page in your browser whenever you modify your JavaScript code. In other words, you can keep a browser window open and keep refreshing it over and over while you are developing your application. That way, you can know very quickly whenever you have broken your JavaScript code. While easy to setup, there are several big disadvantages to this approach to executing JavaScript unit tests: You must view your JavaScript unit test results in a different location than your server unit test results. The JavaScript unit test results appear in the browser and the server unit test results appear in the Visual Studio Test Results window. Because all of your unit test results don’t appear in a single location, you are more likely to introduce bugs into your code without noticing it. Because your unit tests are not integrated with Visual Studio – in particular, MS Test -- you cannot easily include your JavaScript unit tests when setting up check-in policies or when performing automated builds with Team Build. A more sophisticated approach to using a browser as a test-driver is to automate the web browser. Instead of launching the browser and loading the test code yourself, you use a framework to automate this process. There are several different testing frameworks that support this approach: · Selenium – Selenium is a very powerful framework for automating browser tests. You can create your tests by recording a Firefox session or by writing the test driver code in server code such as C#. You can learn more about Selenium at http://seleniumhq.org/. LTAF – The ASP.NET team uses the Lightweight Test Automation Framework to test JavaScript code in the ASP.NET framework. You can learn more about LTAF by visiting the project home at CodePlex: http://aspnet.codeplex.com/releases/view/35501 jsTestDriver – This framework uses Java to automate the browser. jsTestDriver creates a server which can be used to automate multiple browsers simultaneously. This project is located at http://code.google.com/p/js-test-driver/ TestSwam – This framework, created by John Resig, uses PHP to automate the browser. Like jsTestDriver, the framework creates a test server. You can open multiple browsers that are automated by the test server. Learn more about TestSwarm by visiting the following address: https://github.com/jeresig/testswarm/wiki Yeti – This is the framework introduced by Yahoo for automating browser tests. Yeti uses server-side JavaScript and depends on Node.js. Learn more about Yeti at http://www.yuiblog.com/blog/2010/08/25/introducing-yeti-the-yui-easy-testing-interface/ All of these frameworks are great for integration tests – however, they are not the best frameworks to use for unit tests. In one way or another, all of these frameworks depend on executing tests within the context of a “living and breathing” browser. If you create an ASP.NET Unit Test then Visual Studio will launch a web server before executing the unit test. Why is launching a web server so bad? It is not the worst thing in the world. However, it does introduce dependencies that prevent your code from being tested in isolation. One of the defining features of a unit test -- versus an integration test – is that a unit test tests code in isolation. Another problem with launching a web server when performing unit tests is that launching a web server can be slow. If you cannot execute your unit tests quickly, you are less likely to execute your unit tests each and every time you make a code change. You are much more likely to fall into the pit of failure. Launching a browser when performing a JavaScript unit test has all of the same disadvantages as launching a web server when performing an ASP.NET unit test. Instead of testing a unit of JavaScript code in isolation, you are testing JavaScript code within the context of a particular browser. Using the frameworks listed above for integration tests makes perfect sense. However, I want to consider a different approach for creating unit tests for JavaScript code. Using Server-Side JavaScript for JavaScript Unit Tests A completely different approach to executing JavaScript unit tests is to perform the tests outside of any browser. If you really want to test JavaScript then you should test JavaScript and leave the browser out of the testing process. There are several ways that you can execute JavaScript on the server outside the context of any browser: Rhino – Rhino is an implementation of JavaScript written in Java. The Rhino project is maintained by the Mozilla project. Learn more about Rhino at http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/ V8 – V8 is the open-source Google JavaScript engine written in C++. This is the JavaScript engine used by the Chrome web browser. You can download V8 and embed it in your project by visiting http://code.google.com/p/v8/ JScript – JScript is the JavaScript Script Engine used by Internet Explorer (up to but not including Internet Explorer 9), Windows Script Host, and Active Server Pages. Internet Explorer is still the most popular web browser. Therefore, I decided to focus on using the JScript Script Engine to execute JavaScript unit tests. Using the Microsoft Script Control There are two basic ways that you can pass JavaScript to the JScript Script Engine and execute the code: use the Microsoft Windows Script Interfaces or use the Microsoft Script Control. The difficult and proper way to execute JavaScript using the JScript Script Engine is to use the Microsoft Windows Script Interfaces. You can learn more about the Script Interfaces by visiting http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/t9d4xf28(VS.85).aspx The main disadvantage of using the Script Interfaces is that they are difficult to use from .NET. There is a great series of articles on using the Script Interfaces from C# located at http://www.drdobbs.com/184406028. I picked the easier alternative and used the Microsoft Script Control. The Microsoft Script Control is an ActiveX control that provides a higher level abstraction over the Window Script Interfaces. You can download the Microsoft Script Control from here: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=d7e31492-2595-49e6-8c02-1426fec693ac After you download the Microsoft Script Control, you need to add a reference to it to your project. Select the Visual Studio menu option Project, Add Reference to open the Add Reference dialog. Select the COM tab and add the Microsoft Script Control 1.0. Using the Script Control is easy. You call the Script Control AddCode() method to add JavaScript code to the Script Engine. Next, you call the Script Control Run() method to run a particular JavaScript function. The reference documentation for the Microsoft Script Control is located at the MSDN website: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa227633%28v=vs.60%29.aspx Creating the JavaScript Code to Test To keep things simple, let’s imagine that you want to test the following JavaScript function named addNumbers() which simply adds two numbers together: MvcApplication1\Scripts\Math.js function addNumbers(a, b) { return 5; } Notice that the addNumbers() method always returns the value 5. Right-now, it will not pass a good unit test. Create this file and save it in your project with the name Math.js in your MVC project’s Scripts folder (Save the file in your actual MVC application and not your MVC test application). Creating the JavaScript Test Helper Class To make it easier to use the Microsoft Script Control in unit tests, we can create a helper class. This class contains two methods: LoadFile() – Loads a JavaScript file. Use this method to load the JavaScript file being tested or the JavaScript file containing the unit tests. ExecuteTest() – Executes the JavaScript code. Use this method to execute a JavaScript unit test. Here’s the code for the JavaScriptTestHelper class: JavaScriptTestHelper.cs   using System; using System.IO; using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting; using MSScriptControl; namespace MvcApplication1.Tests { public class JavaScriptTestHelper : IDisposable { private ScriptControl _sc; private TestContext _context; /// <summary> /// You need to use this helper with Unit Tests and not /// Basic Unit Tests because you need a Test Context /// </summary> /// <param name="testContext">Unit Test Test Context</param> public JavaScriptTestHelper(TestContext testContext) { if (testContext == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("TestContext"); } _context = testContext; _sc = new ScriptControl(); _sc.Language = "JScript"; _sc.AllowUI = false; } /// <summary> /// Load the contents of a JavaScript file into the /// Script Engine. /// </summary> /// <param name="path">Path to JavaScript file</param> public void LoadFile(string path) { var fileContents = File.ReadAllText(path); _sc.AddCode(fileContents); } /// <summary> /// Pass the path of the test that you want to execute. /// </summary> /// <param name="testMethodName">JavaScript function name</param> public void ExecuteTest(string testMethodName) { dynamic result = null; try { result = _sc.Run(testMethodName, new object[] { }); } catch { var error = ((IScriptControl)_sc).Error; if (error != null) { var description = error.Description; var line = error.Line; var column = error.Column; var text = error.Text; var source = error.Source; if (_context != null) { var details = String.Format("{0} \r\nLine: {1} Column: {2}", source, line, column); _context.WriteLine(details); } } throw new AssertFailedException(error.Description); } } public void Dispose() { _sc = null; } } }     Notice that the JavaScriptTestHelper class requires a Test Context to be instantiated. For this reason, you can use the JavaScriptTestHelper only with a Visual Studio Unit Test and not a Basic Unit Test (These are two different types of Visual Studio project items). Add the JavaScriptTestHelper file to your MVC test application (for example, MvcApplication1.Tests). Creating the JavaScript Unit Test Next, we need to create the JavaScript unit test function that we will use to test the addNumbers() function. Create a folder in your MVC test project named JavaScriptTests and add the following JavaScript file to this folder: MvcApplication1.Tests\JavaScriptTests\MathTest.js /// <reference path="JavaScriptUnitTestFramework.js"/> function testAddNumbers() { // Act var result = addNumbers(1, 3); // Assert assert.areEqual(4, result, "addNumbers did not return right value!"); }   The testAddNumbers() function takes advantage of another JavaScript library named JavaScriptUnitTestFramework.js. This library contains all of the code necessary to make assertions. Add the following JavaScriptnitTestFramework.js to the same folder as the MathTest.js file: MvcApplication1.Tests\JavaScriptTests\JavaScriptUnitTestFramework.js var assert = { areEqual: function (expected, actual, message) { if (expected !== actual) { throw new Error("Expected value " + expected + " is not equal to " + actual + ". " + message); } } }; There is only one type of assertion supported by this file: the areEqual() assertion. Most likely, you would want to add additional types of assertions to this file to make it easier to write your JavaScript unit tests. Deploying the JavaScript Test Files This step is non-intuitive. When you use Visual Studio to run unit tests, Visual Studio creates a new folder and executes a copy of the files in your project. After you run your unit tests, your Visual Studio Solution will contain a new folder named TestResults that includes a subfolder for each test run. You need to configure Visual Studio to deploy your JavaScript files to the test run folder or Visual Studio won’t be able to find your JavaScript files when you execute your unit tests. You will get an error that looks something like this when you attempt to execute your unit tests: You can configure Visual Studio to deploy your JavaScript files by adding a Test Settings file to your Visual Studio Solution. It is important to understand that you need to add this file to your Visual Studio Solution and not a particular Visual Studio project. Right-click your Solution in the Solution Explorer window and select the menu option Add, New Item. Select the Test Settings item and click the Add button. After you create a Test Settings file for your solution, you can indicate that you want a particular folder to be deployed whenever you perform a test run. Select the menu option Test, Edit Test Settings to edit your test configuration file. Select the Deployment tab and select your MVC test project’s JavaScriptTest folder to deploy. Click the Apply button and the Close button to save the changes and close the dialog. Creating the Visual Studio Unit Test The very last step is to create the Visual Studio unit test (the MS Test unit test). Add a new unit test to your MVC test project by selecting the menu option Add New Item and selecting the Unit Test project item (Do not select the Basic Unit Test project item): The difference between a Basic Unit Test and a Unit Test is that a Unit Test includes a Test Context. We need this Test Context to use the JavaScriptTestHelper class that we created earlier. Enter the following test method for the new unit test: [TestMethod] public void TestAddNumbers() { var jsHelper = new JavaScriptTestHelper(this.TestContext); // Load JavaScript files jsHelper.LoadFile("JavaScriptUnitTestFramework.js"); jsHelper.LoadFile(@"..\..\..\MvcApplication1\Scripts\Math.js"); jsHelper.LoadFile("MathTest.js"); // Execute JavaScript Test jsHelper.ExecuteTest("testAddNumbers"); } This code uses the JavaScriptTestHelper to load three files: JavaScripUnitTestFramework.js – Contains the assert functions. Math.js – Contains the addNumbers() function from your MVC application which is being tested. MathTest.js – Contains the JavaScript unit test function. Next, the test method calls the JavaScriptTestHelper ExecuteTest() method to execute the testAddNumbers() JavaScript function. Running the Visual Studio JavaScript Unit Test After you complete all of the steps described above, you can execute the JavaScript unit test just like any other unit test. You can use the keyboard combination CTRL-R, CTRL-A to run all of the tests in the current Visual Studio Solution. Alternatively, you can use the buttons in the Visual Studio toolbar to run the tests: (Unfortunately, the Run All Impacted Tests button won’t work correctly because Visual Studio won’t detect that your JavaScript code has changed. Therefore, you should use either the Run Tests in Current Context or Run All Tests in Solution options instead.) The results of running the JavaScript tests appear side-by-side with the results of running the server tests in the Test Results window. For example, if you Run All Tests in Solution then you will get the following results: Notice that the TestAddNumbers() JavaScript test has failed. That is good because our addNumbers() function is hard-coded to always return the value 5. If you double-click the failing JavaScript test, you can view additional details such as the JavaScript error message and the line number of the JavaScript code that failed: Summary The goal of this blog entry was to explain an approach to creating JavaScript unit tests that can be easily integrated with Visual Studio and Visual Studio ALM. I described how you can use the Microsoft Script Control to execute JavaScript on the server. By taking advantage of the Microsoft Script Control, we were able to execute our JavaScript unit tests side-by-side with all of our other unit tests and view the results in the standard Visual Studio Test Results window. You can download the code discussed in this blog entry from here: http://StephenWalther.com/downloads/Blog/JavaScriptUnitTesting/JavaScriptUnitTests.zip Before running this code, you need to first install the Microsoft Script Control which you can download from here: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=d7e31492-2595-49e6-8c02-1426fec693ac

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  • Installation from Usb

    - by supreet
    Want to install ubuntu from usb flash but after i press continue after the install alongside windows button my HP pavillion laptop restarts and boots into vista and starts wubi installer. The wubi installer installation process ends with the following error. 'None Type' object has no attribute 'get_info' A portion of log file is as follows 12-01 06:15 DEBUG downloader: download finished (read 198 bytes) 12-01 06:15 INFO saplog: Verified a signature from ID:'46181433FBB75451'. 12-01 06:15 INFO saplog: Checking block bindings.. 12-01 06:15 INFO saplog: Key verified successfully. 12-01 06:15 DEBUG CommonBackend: metalink md5sums: 1fdde0057923dc6c4bd69b657480a631 *ubuntu-12.10-beta2-desktop-amd64+mac.metalink 091d4adafcfe4eea08eb41771be3f3ba *ubuntu-12.10-beta2-desktop-amd64.metalink 940ab0bf82879435181f8c03304e7387 *ubuntu-12.10-beta2-desktop-armhf+omap4.metalink 9e0ad0a15414df437a27c66da938d3e3 *ubuntu-12.10-beta2-desktop-i386.metalink 4672b67404c84ba74bf104607bbec49a *ubuntu-12.10-beta2-server-amd64+mac.metalink a8d35d8579f11579e802667bbcb7b0fb *ubuntu-12.10-beta2-server-amd64.metalink fb6219893d9f4f329183fafaac258681 *ubuntu-12.10-beta2-server-armhf+omap4.metalink 12fbf5ccf3aedfd8fe31f1ab00ec8ddb *ubuntu-12.10-beta2-server-i386.metalink e1a7672decc21eb6a65464b0a239a1db *ubuntu-12.10-desktop-amd64+mac.metalink 894437367bf791cf02902d6f5285af98 *ubuntu-12.10-desktop-amd64.metalink 57a58f151b50e218acc4724388d2f387 *ubuntu-12.10-desktop-armhf+omap4.metalink 11e206f0d5e147fe05b9e85d78f5f187 *ubuntu-12.10-desktop-i386.metalink fc37a124ca1957d7549a296d59e3dd81 *ubuntu-12.10-server-amd64+mac.metalink 35afee005d732a9ad0361b4aae25e3c3 *ubuntu-12.10-server-amd64.metalink 68adfc9d71d5b3613a09c3e6c45f8ba5 *ubuntu-12.10-server-armhf+omap4.metalink c4fd126394cf2e1bbd626b5f74b3e40b *ubuntu-12.10-server-i386.metalink 12-01 06:15 ERROR CommonBackend: The md5 of the metalink does match 12-01 06:15 ERROR CommonBackend: Cannot authenticate the metalink file, it might be corrupt None 12-01 06:15 DEBUG TaskList: #### Finished get_metalink 12-01 06:15 DEBUG TaskList: New task get_file_md5 12-01 06:15 DEBUG TaskList: #### Running get_file_md5... 12-01 06:17 DEBUG TaskList: #### Finished get_file_md5 12-01 06:17 ERROR CommonBackend: Invalid md5 for ISO D:\ubuntu\install\installation.iso (b4191c1d1d6fdf358c154f8bf86b97dd != 7e15759e5716c9bc662cd3efa5514cef) None 12-01 06:17 DEBUG TaskList: ### Finished check_iso 12-01 06:17 ERROR TaskList: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get_info' Traceback (most recent call last): File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\tasklist.py", line 197, in call File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\backend.py", line 595, in get_iso File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\backend.py", line 564, in use_cd AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get_info' 12-01 06:17 DEBUG TaskList: # Cancelling tasklist 12-01 06:17 DEBUG TaskList: # Finished tasklist 12-01 06:17 ERROR root: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get_info' Traceback (most recent call last): File "\lib\wubi\application.py", line 58, in run File "\lib\wubi\application.py", line 132, in select_task File "\lib\wubi\application.py", line 158, in run_installer File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\tasklist.py", line 197, in call File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\backend.py", line 595, in get_iso File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\backend.py", line 564, in use_cd AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get_info' Please help.

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  • GuestPost: Unit Testing Entity Framework (v1) Dependent Code using TypeMock Isolator

    - by Eric Nelson
    Time for another guest post (check out others in the series), this time bringing together the world of mocking with the world of Entity Framework. A big thanks to Moses for agreeing to do this. Unit Testing Entity Framework Dependent Code using TypeMock Isolator by Muhammad Mosa Introduction Unit testing data access code in my opinion is a challenging thing. Let us consider unit tests and integration tests. In integration tests you are allowed to have environmental dependencies such as a physical database connection to insert, update, delete or retrieve your data. However when performing unit tests it is often much more efficient and productive to remove environmental dependencies. Instead you will need to fake these dependencies. Faking a database (also known as mocking) can be relatively straight forward but the version of Entity Framework released with .Net 3.5 SP1 has a number of implementation specifics which actually makes faking the existence of a database quite difficult. Faking Entity Framework As mentioned earlier, to effectively unit test you will need to fake/simulate Entity Framework calls to the database. There are many free open source mocking frameworks that can help you achieve this but it will require additional effort to overcome & workaround a number of limitations in those frameworks. Examples of these limitations include: Not able to fake calls to non virtual methods Not able to fake sealed classes Not able to fake LINQ to Entities queries (replace database calls with in-memory collection calls) There is a mocking framework which is flexible enough to handle limitations such as those above. The commercially available TypeMock Isolator can do the job for you with less code and ultimately more readable unit tests. I’m going to demonstrate tackling one of those limitations using MoQ as my mocking framework. Then I will tackle the same issue using TypeMock Isolator. Mocking Entity Framework with MoQ One basic need when faking Entity Framework is to fake the ObjectContext. This cannot be done by passing any connection string. You have to pass a correct Entity Framework connection string that specifies CSDL, SSDL and MSL locations along with a provider connection string. Assuming we are going to do that, we’ll explore another limitation. The limitation we are going to face now is related to not being able to fake calls to non-virtual/overridable members with MoQ. I have the following repository method that adds an EntityObject (instance of a Blog entity) to Blogs entity set in an ObjectContext. public override void Add(Blog blog) { if(BlogContext.Blogs.Any(b=>b.Name == blog.Name)) { throw new InvalidOperationException("Blog with same name already exists!"); } BlogContext.AddToBlogs(blog); } The method does a very simple check that the name of the new Blog entity instance doesn’t exist. This is done through the simple LINQ query above. If the blog doesn’t already exist it simply adds it to the current context to be saved when SaveChanges of the ObjectContext instance (e.g. BlogContext) is called. However, if a blog with the same name exits, and exception (InvalideOperationException) will be thrown. Let us now create a unit test for the Add method using MoQ. [TestMethod] [ExpectedException(typeof(InvalidOperationException))] public void Add_Should_Throw_InvalidOperationException_When_Blog_With_Same_Name_Already_Exits() { //(1) We shouldn't depend on configuration when doing unit tests! But, //its a workaround to fake the ObjectContext string connectionString = ConfigurationManager .ConnectionStrings["MyBlogConnString"] .ConnectionString; //(2) Arrange: Fake ObjectContext var fakeContext = new Mock<MyBlogContext>(connectionString); //(3) Next Line will pass, as ObjectContext now can be faked with proper connection string var repo = new BlogRepository(fakeContext.Object); //(4) Create fake ObjectQuery<Blog>. Will be used to substitute MyBlogContext.Blogs property var fakeObjectQuery = new Mock<ObjectQuery<Blog>>("[Blogs]", fakeContext.Object); //(5) Arrange: Set Expectations //Next line will throw an exception by MoQ: //System.ArgumentException: Invalid setup on a non-overridable member fakeContext.SetupGet(c=>c.Blogs).Returns(fakeObjectQuery.Object); fakeObjectQuery.Setup(q => q.Any(b => b.Name == "NewBlog")).Returns(true); //Act repo.Add(new Blog { Name = "NewBlog" }); } This test method is checking to see if the correct exception ([ExpectedException(typeof(InvalidOperationException))]) is thrown when a developer attempts to Add a blog with a name that’s already exists. On (1) a connection string is initialized from configuration file. To retrieve the full connection string. On (2) a fake ObjectContext is being created. The ObjectContext here is MyBlogContext and its being created using this var fakeContext = new Mock<MyBlogContext>(connectionString); This way a fake context is being created using MoQ. On (3) a BlogRepository instance is created. BlogRepository has dependency on generate Entity Framework ObjectContext, MyObjectContext. And so the fake context is passed to the constructor. var repo = new BlogRepository(fakeContext.Object); On (4) a fake instance of ObjectQuery<Blog> is being created to use as a substitute to MyObjectContext.Blogs property as we will see in (5). On (5) setup an expectation for calling Blogs property of MyBlogContext and substitute the return result with the fake ObjectQuery<Blog> instance created on (4). When you run this test it will fail with MoQ throwing an exception because of this line: fakeContext.SetupGet(c=>c.Blogs).Returns(fakeObjectQuery.Object); This happens because the generate property MyBlogContext.Blogs is not virtual/overridable. And assuming it is virtual or you managed to make it virtual it will fail at the following line throwing the same exception: fakeObjectQuery.Setup(q => q.Any(b => b.Name == "NewBlog")).Returns(true); This time the test will fail because the Any extension method is not virtual/overridable. You won’t be able to replace ObjectQuery<Blog> with fake in memory collection to test your LINQ to Entities queries. Now lets see how replacing MoQ with TypeMock Isolator can help. Mocking Entity Framework with TypeMock Isolator The following is the same test method we had above for MoQ but this time implemented using TypeMock Isolator: [TestMethod] [ExpectedException(typeof(InvalidOperationException))] public void Add_New_Blog_That_Already_Exists_Should_Throw_InvalidOperationException() { //(1) Create fake in memory collection of blogs var fakeInMemoryBlogs = new List<Blog> {new Blog {Name = "FakeBlog"}}; //(2) create fake context var fakeContext = Isolate.Fake.Instance<MyBlogContext>(); //(3) Setup expected call to MyBlogContext.Blogs property through the fake context Isolate.WhenCalled(() => fakeContext.Blogs) .WillReturnCollectionValuesOf(fakeInMemoryBlogs.AsQueryable()); //(4) Create new blog with a name that already exits in the fake in memory collection in (1) var blog = new Blog {Name = "FakeBlog"}; //(5) Instantiate instance of BlogRepository (Class under test) var repo = new BlogRepository(fakeContext); //(6) Acting by adding the newly created blog () repo.Add(blog); } When running the above test method it will pass as the Add method of BlogRepository is going to throw an InvalidOperationException which is the expected behaviour. Nothing prevents us from faking out the database interaction! Even faking ObjectContext  at (2) didn’t require a connection string. On (3) Isolator sets up a faking result for MyBlogContext.Blogs when its being called through the fake instance fakeContext created on (2). The faking result is just an in-memory collection declared an initialized on (1). Finally at (6) action we call the Add method of BlogRepository passing a new Blog instance that has a name that’s already exists in the fake in-memory collection which we set up at (1). As expected the test will pass because it will throw the expected exception defined on top of the test method - InvalidOperationException. TypeMock Isolator succeeded in faking Entity Framework with ease. Conclusion We explored how to write a simple unit test using TypeMock Isolator for code which is using Entity Framework. We also explored a few of the limitations of other mocking frameworks which TypeMock is successfully able to handle. There are workarounds that you can use to overcome limitations when using MoQ or Rhino Mock, however the workarounds will require you to write more code and your tests will likely be more complex. For a comparison between different mocking frameworks take a look at this document produced by TypeMock. You might also want to check out this open source project to compare mocking frameworks. I hope you enjoyed this post Muhammad Mosa http://mosesofegypt.net/ http://twitter.com/mosessaur Screencast of unit testing Entity Framework Related Links GuestPost: Introduction to Mocking GuesPost: Typemock Isolator – Much more than an Isolation framework

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  • What's up with LDoms: Part 4 - Virtual Networking Explained

    - by Stefan Hinker
    I'm back from my summer break (and some pressing business that kept me away from this), ready to continue with Oracle VM Server for SPARC ;-) In this article, we'll have a closer look at virtual networking.  Basic connectivity as we've seen it in the first, simple example, is easy enough.  But there are numerous options for the virtual switches and virtual network ports, which we will discuss in more detail now.   In this section, we will concentrate on virtual networking - the capabilities of virtual switches and virtual network ports - only.  Other options involving hardware assignment or redundancy will be covered in separate sections later on. There are two basic components involved in virtual networking for LDoms: Virtual switches and virtual network devices.  The virtual switch should be seen just like a real ethernet switch.  It "runs" in the service domain and moves ethernet packets back and forth.  A virtual network device is plumbed in the guest domain.  It corresponds to a physical network device in the real world.  There, you'd be plugging a cable into the network port, and plug the other end of that cable into a switch.  In the virtual world, you do the same:  You create a virtual network device for your guest and connect it to a virtual switch in a service domain.  The result works just like in the physical world, the network device sends and receives ethernet packets, and the switch does all those things ethernet switches tend to do. If you look at the reference manual of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, there are numerous options for virtual switches and network devices.  Don't be confused, it's rather straight forward, really.  Let's start with the simple case, and work our way to some more sophisticated options later on.  In many cases, you'll want to have several guests that communicate with the outside world on the same ethernet segment.  In the real world, you'd connect each of these systems to the same ethernet switch.  So, let's do the same thing in the virtual world: root@sun # ldm add-vsw net-dev=nxge2 admin-vsw primary root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net admin-vsw mars root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net admin-vsw venus We've just created a virtual switch called "admin-vsw" and connected it to the physical device nxge2.  In the physical world, we'd have powered up our ethernet switch and installed a cable between it and our big enterprise datacenter switch.  We then created a virtual network interface for each one of the two guest systems "mars" and "venus" and connected both to that virtual switch.  They can now communicate with each other and with any system reachable via nxge2.  If primary were running Solaris 10, communication with the guests would not be possible.  This is different with Solaris 11, please see the Admin Guide for details.  Note that I've given both the vswitch and the vnet devices some sensible names, something I always recommend. Unless told otherwise, the LDoms Manager software will automatically assign MAC addresses to all network elements that need one.  It will also make sure that these MAC addresses are unique and reuse MAC addresses to play nice with all those friendly DHCP servers out there.  However, if we want to do this manually, we can also do that.  (One reason might be firewall rules that work on MAC addresses.)  So let's give mars a manually assigned MAC address: root@sun # ldm set-vnet mac-addr=0:14:4f:f9:c4:13 admin-net mars Within the guest, these virtual network devices have their own device driver.  In Solaris 10, they'd appear as "vnet0".  Solaris 11 would apply it's usual vanity naming scheme.  We can configure these interfaces just like any normal interface, give it an IP-address and configure sophisticated routing rules, just like on bare metal.  In many cases, using Jumbo Frames helps increase throughput performance.  By default, these interfaces will run with the standard ethernet MTU of 1500 bytes.  To change this,  it is usually sufficient to set the desired MTU for the virtual switch.  This will automatically set the same MTU for all vnet devices attached to that switch.  Let's change the MTU size of our admin-vsw from the example above: root@sun # ldm set-vsw mtu=9000 admin-vsw primary Note that that you can set the MTU to any value between 1500 and 16000.  Of course, whatever you set needs to be supported by the physical network, too. Another very common area of network configuration is VLAN tagging. This can be a little confusing - my advise here is to be very clear on what you want, and perhaps draw a little diagram the first few times.  As always, keeping a configuration simple will help avoid errors of all kind.  Nevertheless, VLAN tagging is very usefull to consolidate different networks onto one physical cable.  And as such, this concept needs to be carried over into the virtual world.  Enough of the introduction, here's a little diagram to help in explaining how VLANs work in LDoms: Let's remember that any VLANs not explicitly tagged have the default VLAN ID of 1. In this example, we have a vswitch connected to a physical network that carries untagged traffic (VLAN ID 1) as well as VLANs 11, 22, 33 and 44.  There might also be other VLANs on the wire, but the vswitch will ignore all those packets.  We also have two vnet devices, one for mars and one for venus.  Venus will see traffic from VLANs 33 and 44 only.  For VLAN 44, venus will need to configure a tagged interface "vnet44000".  For VLAN 33, the vswitch will untag all incoming traffic for venus, so that venus will see this as "normal" or untagged ethernet traffic.  This is very useful to simplify guest configuration and also allows venus to perform Jumpstart or AI installations over this network even if the Jumpstart or AI server is connected via VLAN 33.  Mars, on the other hand, has full access to untagged traffic from the outside world, and also to VLANs 11,22 and 33, but not 44.  On the command line, we'd do this like this: root@sun # ldm add-vsw net-dev=nxge2 pvid=1 vid=11,22,33,44 admin-vsw primary root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net pvid=1 vid=11,22,33 admin-vsw mars root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net pvid=33 vid=44 admin-vsw venus Finally, I'd like to point to a neat little option that will make your live easier in all those cases where configurations tend to change over the live of a guest system.  It's the "id=<somenumber>" option available for both vswitches and vnet devices.  Normally, Solaris in the guest would enumerate network devices sequentially.  However, it has ways of remembering this initial numbering.  This is good in the physical world.  In the virtual world, whenever you unbind (aka power off and disassemble) a guest system, remove and/or add network devices and bind the system again, chances are this numbering will change.  Configuration confusion will follow suit.  To avoid this, nail down the initial numbering by assigning each vnet device it's device-id explicitly: root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net id=1 admin-vsw venus Please consult the Admin Guide for details on this, and how to decipher these network ids from Solaris running in the guest. Thanks for reading this far.  Links for further reading are essentially only the Admin Guide and Reference Manual and can be found above.  I hope this is useful and, as always, I welcome any comments.

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  • What are some great resources about programming contemporary GUIs and GUI architecture patterns?

    - by snitko
    So I've read Martin Fowler's old blog post http://martinfowler.com/eaaDev/uiArchs.html which describes various approaches to building GUI from an architecture point of view, discussing patterns and how they were used. But this blog post was written in 2006. Since then, there must have been some new ideas in the field? I was curious whether anyone knows about a similar guide to GUI architectures, but describing contemporary systems? The reason I'm interested in something abstract and theoretical to read is because it really is difficult and time consuming to ACTUALLY learn how ALL of the contemporary frameworks work, given their diversity and the diversity of the languages they are written in. I am primarily a web developer, so I'm familiar with Rails and some Javascript frameworks. But I would also like to know how GUI is built on Android or in Cocoa or in Windows, but without having to learn all of those things.

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  • What are the legal risks if any of using a GPL or AGPL Web Application Framework/CMS?

    - by Seth Spearman
    Tried to ask this on SO but was referred here... Am I correct in saying that using a GPL'ed web application framework such as Composite C1 would NOT obligate a company to share the source code we write against said framework? That is the purpose of the AGPL, am I correct? Does this also apply to Javascript frameworks like KendoUI? The GPL would require any changes that we make to the framework be made available to others if we were to offer it for download. In other words, merely loading a web sites content into my browser is not "conveying" or "distributing" that software. I have been arguing that we should avoid GPL web frameworks and now after researching I am pretty sure I am wrong but wanted to get other opinions? Seth

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  • What are the legal risks if any of using a GPL'ed Web Application Framework/CMS?

    - by Seth Spearman
    Tried to ask this on SO but was referred here... Am I correct in saying that using a GPL'ed web application framework such as Composite C1 would NOT obligate a company to share the source code we write against said framework? That is the purpose of the AGPL, am I correct? Does this also apply to Javascript frameworks like KendoUI? The GPL would require any changes that we make to the framework be made available to others if we were to offer it for download. In other words, merely loading a web sites content into my browser is not "conveying" or "distributing" that software. I have been arguing that we should avoid GPL web frameworks and now after researching I am pretty sure I am wrong but wanted to get other opinions? Seth

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