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• Is there a free PDF printer / distiller that creates signable documents?

  - by Coderer

  I've used various methods (mentioned elsewhere on this site) to create PDFs, using a printer driver or converting from PostScript, etc. The common problem is that if I open any of the output files in the newer versions of Adobe Reader, there's an option to "Place Signature" but it's greyed out, or gives an error message that the feature has been disabled for this document. As far as I can tell, there's an option set somewhere in the document metadata that tells Reader "allow the user to sign this document", or don't. None of the free/open source tools that have been been linked to in other SU posts have had this listed as an option (though to be fair I haven't actually downloaded and tried all of them). Is there a tool that does this? Can I just poke a bit with a hex editor somewhere to turn on this functionality? I can sometimes get access to Acrobat Professional to turn on this option, but doing it for every desired case would be more work than I care to do. The current workaround for single-page documents is: Print the document to PDF (possibly via postscript) Open a single-page blank PDF with the "signable" bit turned on in Reader create a custom "stamp" using the Reader markup tools, by importing the printed-to document "stamp" an image of the printed document on the blank page, hoping to get it centered about right place a signature over the document-but-not-really you just stamped This obviously does not scale well at all. It would be much better if I could: Print the document to PDF Drag the document to a simple shortcut / tool / whatever Open the document in Reader Place a signature in the document ETA: Sorry, maybe I should have been clearer -- I'm talking about the certificate-based digital signing available in Adobe Reader, not adding a virtual ink signature. Also, any solution really would have to be available offline.

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• Anyone know a good mind mapper that works with a scheduler?

  - by GLycan

  TL;DR: Mind mapping tasks to be processed into a schedule based on task metadata. I have all sorts of ideas about what to invest resources (mainly time) in, but when I actually have time to do something I useually end up browsing reddit for not knowing what do to, and the frequancy with which I forget deadlines scares me. I'd love to bring order and structure into my mind, and always know what to do next. So, I want a mind mapping app, where I'd give each branch (types and subtypes of things I want to do) a importance score (if there were two branches, and one had 60 while the other 40, they would respectivily get 60% and 40% of the parent's importance, with the root being 100) and a how soon that branch should be revised/updated (an hobby I want to try out might be checked, say, once a week, while a school subject should be checked once a day) and give each leaf (something I want/need to do) how much time it takes, deadline (if any), and optionally an absolute importance, reoccurrence (guitar practice might repeat once a week), and prerequisites (reading something requires that book (although that could be brought somewhere), coding requires a box, jogging requires being outside) and maybe some other flags, like if it's enjoyable or not. It should either be packaged or working with a schedular app, to which I'd say, look, my day works this way (completely busy from 8 to 9:15, then 15 minutes of being inside with nothing, ..., two hours with box and possibility to go outside, etc), saying that such-and-such pattern is school and happens ever weekday except such-and-such days. The output should be of the form of a schedule, fit for printing or, when I finally get an android, mobile viewing, that schedules tasks with regards to availability of resources and importance (importance being derived from the leaf-task's parent branches), and the set of flags (all work and no play makes me a dull boy). One of these tasks should be reviewing anything that should be updated on that day, including future day layouts (e.g, if the time slots of future days have changed. This should be done every day.) Does anyone know some collection of preferably open-source (or free, or pirateable) tools, or better yet a single one, that accomplishes this task? I know python pretty well, and should be able to write any necessary glue.

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• Copy one db diagram from one db to another on different servers? (Same db)

  - by sah302

  I used the copy database wizard to copy my database from our test server to our production server, the database copied everything fine except for the diagram. Okay no problem, first I make sure the target database on production has the support objects created to use database diagraming. Then I select to import data from the other database and chose the dbo.sysdiagrams.Go through with the rest of the import data wizard, but then I get the following error: Validating (Error) Messages Error 0xc0202049: Data Flow Task: Failure inserting into the read-only column "diagram_id". (SQL Server Import and Export Wizard) Error 0xc0202045: Data Flow Task: Column metadata validation failed. (SQL Server Import and Export Wizard) Error 0xc004706b: Data Flow Task: "component "Destination - sysdiagrams" (31)" failed validation and returned validation status "VS_ISBROKEN". (SQL Server Import and Export Wizard) Error 0xc004700c: Data Flow Task: One or more component failed validation. (SQL Server Import and Export Wizard) Error 0xc0024107: Data Flow Task: There were errors during task validation. (SQL Server Import and Export Wizard) So apparently it didn't like that. What's the problem? I am pretty beginner in SQL Server and only do stuff via the GUI usually so am not sure what to do at this point. The databases are the same, but on different servers. Thanks!

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• Is there a good alternative to Videora iPod Converter?

  - by Richard

  I use Videora to convert my videos (in DivX/XviD format) to something I can play on my iPod Classic. I really dislike it. It's clunky, riddled with adverts, sometimes doesn't convert properly (the infamous "invalid public atom" error - see Google for more) and has a UI that truly stinks. On the upside, it's free, accepts a list of video files (via the oddly hard to find "1-click convert" button) and just gets on with the converting as it already knows the correct settings for my iPod. One final nice touch is that once they are converted, it'll automatically upload them into iTunes. Are there any alternatives which have all the upsides but none of the downsides? Bonus points if they can set the metadata in iTunes correctly for TV shows (season, show, episode) and delete the converted file afterwards (as my iTunes settings means that a copy is made elsewhere). I've looked at a bunch of applications (handbrake, virtualdub, mediacoder, format factory, any video converter, convertxtodvd) but many of them fail the "just select a list of files and get on with converting" test - let alone all the other features I want. I have no desire to individually set the video size of each file or the codec or the post-processing options. I'm currently using the command line version of HandBrake (handbrakecli) and a hand-written DOS batch file to go through every file in a folder and convert it. It does most of what I want, just not in a very slick way. Can anyone recommend anything better? It needs to work on Windows 7 and be free.

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• h264 inside FLV container vs. MP4 container?

  - by Gotys

  I am developing a tube site, and currently having issues with h264 format . By looking at youtube, I noticed they are putting their hi-def videos into mp4 container, so logically I did the same. Next, I installed mod_h264_streaming for lighttpd to make streaming and timeline-scrubbing work. Problem is, that large files (500mb+ at somewhat high resolution) take for EVER to even start buffering ( I read the flowplayer or other flash players need to download metadata first) . I moved the xmov atom to the front of the file with MP4Box (i tried qt-quickstart too) , and the problem didn't go away. Next I read online I need to interleave audio tracks, so I did that too. No change in slowness. So I tried putting the same exact h264 movie into an FLV container, and the playback buffering starts almost instantly - no slowness. So what am I missing here? Why would I choose MP4 container with mod_264_streaming module , which seems super-slow over a regular FLV container with lighttpd's built-in mod_flv_streaming ? Obviously many websites pick mp4 container , but I fail to understand why ? And as a side question - I tried using HTML5's VIDEO tag to try the same h264 MP4 movie, and the scrubbing is LIGHTING FAST! I looked into lighttpd's log file, and i noticed taht Flash Players append video.mp4?start=234 each time timeline is scrubbed, wheres HTML5's video tag does no such thing . Is this some sort of limitations of Flash ? Why Can't flash streaming be same fast as HTML5 streaming? Thanks to ALL who can help. I very much appreciate this community.

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• AVConv increases song duration when converting MP3

  - by chauffch

  I am struggling with the following issue. I want to convert an MP3 ADTS into pure a MP3. I am using AVConv on Ubuntu 12.10. The outcome is a file that has the same size, but the duration is now longer. $ ls -l total 6436 -rw-r--r-- 1 teuf teuf 6586514 nov. 25 09:25 Blindsided_Bon_Iver.mpga $ file Blindsided_Bon_Iver.mpga Blindsided_Bon_Iver.mpga: MPEG ADTS, layer III, v1, 160 kbps, 44.1 kHz, JntStereo $ avconv -i Blindsided_Bon_Iver.mpga -c copy Blindsided_Bon_Iver.mp3 avconv version 0.8.4-4:0.8.4-0ubuntu0.12.04.1, Copyright (c) 2000-2012 the Libav developers built on Nov 6 2012 16:50:25 with gcc 4.6.3 [mp3 @ 0x8c6e240] max_analyze_duration reached Input #0, mp3, from 'Blindsided_Bon_Iver.mpga': Duration: 00:05:29.29, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 160 kb/s Stream #0.0: Audio: mp3, 44100 Hz, stereo, s16, 160 kb/s Output #0, mp3, to 'Blindsided_Bon_Iver.mp3': Metadata: TSSE : Lavf53.21.0 Stream #0.0: Audio: libmp3lame, 44100 Hz, stereo, 160 kb/s Stream mapping: Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (copy) Press ctrl-c to stop encoding size= 6432kB time=329.30 bitrate= 160.0kbits/s video:0kB audio:6432kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead 0.002080% $ ls -l total 12868 -rw-rw-r-- 1 teuf teuf 6586129 nov. 27 22:26 Blindsided_Bon_Iver.mp3 -rw-r--r-- 1 teuf teuf 6586514 nov. 25 09:25 Blindsided_Bon_Iver.mpga $ file Blindsided_Bon_Iver.mp3 Blindsided_Bon_Iver.mp3: Audio file with ID3 version 2.4.0, contains: MPEG ADTS, layer III, v1, 32 kbps, 44.1 kHz, Stereo Amarok shows the new file has a duration of 25:27 and has a lot of silence. Am I using an incorrect option? Is it a bug in AVConv? Any ideas how to fix it?

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• Would like to change audio codec, but keep video settings with ffmpeg

  - by Craig Tataryn

  I have a video for which I'd like to convert the audio codec to AAC 320 kbps / 44.100 kHz. What would I use for ffmpeg switches such that all the video settings and codec remain the same, but only the audio codec and settings change? Here's my video: $ ffmpeg -i Winnipeg.rb\ Scala-Talk.mov FFmpeg version SVN-r25375, Copyright (c) 2000-2010 the FFmpeg developers built on Oct 6 2010 13:02:41 with gcc 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5664) configuration: --enable-libmp3lame --enable-shared --disable-mmx --arch=x86_64 libavutil 50.32. 2 / 50.32. 2 libavcore 0. 9. 1 / 0. 9. 1 libavcodec 52.92. 0 / 52.92. 0 libavformat 52.80. 0 / 52.80. 0 libavdevice 52. 2. 2 / 52. 2. 2 libavfilter 1.48. 0 / 1.48. 0 libswscale 0.12. 0 / 0.12. 0 Seems stream 0 codec frame rate differs from container frame rate: 2000.00 (2000/1) -> 10.00 (10/1) Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'Winnipeg.rb Scala-Talk.mov': Metadata: major_brand : qt minor_version : 537199360 compatible_brands: qt Duration: 01:10:53.00, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 283 kb/s Stream #0.0(eng): Video: h264, yuv420p, 800x598, 94 kb/s, 10 fps, 10 tbr, 1k tbn, 2k tbc Stream #0.1(eng): Audio: adpcm_ima_qt, 22050 Hz, 1 channels, s16 Stream #0.2(eng): Audio: adpcm_ima_qt, 22050 Hz, 1 channels, s16 At least one output file must be specified Many thanks in advance! One with with ffmpeg I've never been able to grok is how to just "tweak" files without having to regurgitate every little setting for things you don't want changes.

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• ffmpeg cutting video duration

  - by Steve Spence

  When using ffmpeg on linux, my 4.3GB 2.21 second video is being chopped down to 1.56 duration. I'm trying to reduce file size, but not lose frames. steve@steve-OptiPlex-170L:~/Desktop$ ffmpeg -i microbe.avi microbe.mp4 ffmpeg version 0.8.3-4:0.8.3-0ubuntu0.12.04.1, Copyright (c) 2000-2012 the Libav developers built on Jun 12 2012 16:37:58 with gcc 4.6.3 * THIS PROGRAM IS DEPRECATED * This program is only provided for compatibility and will be removed in a future release. Please use avconv instead. Input #0, avi, from 'microbe.avi': Duration: 00:02:21.80, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 242311 kb/s Stream #0.0: Video: rawvideo, bgr24, 1280x960, 10 tbr, 10 tbn, 10 tbc Incompatible pixel format 'bgr24' for codec 'mpeg4', auto-selecting format 'yuv420p' [buffer @ 0x9f861e0] w:1280 h:960 pixfmt:bgr24 [avsink @ 0x9f86440] auto-inserting filter 'auto-inserted scaler 0' between the filter 'src' and the filter 'out' [scale @ 0x9f7d800] w:1280 h:960 fmt:bgr24 - w:1280 h:960 fmt:yuv420p flags:0x4 Output #0, mp4, to 'microbe.mp4': Metadata: encoder : Lavf53.21.0 Stream #0.0: Video: mpeg4, yuv420p, 1280x960, q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 10 tbn, 10 tbc Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 - #0.0 Press ctrl-c to stop encoding frame= 1164 fps= 6 q=31.0 Lsize= 3775kB time=116.40 bitrate= 265.7kbits/s video:3765kB audio:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead 0.272870% steve@steve-OptiPlex-170L:~/Desktop$

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• Prevent Outlook 2010 Insert Picture resizing image

  - by Rup

  When I "Insert Picture" a JPEG in Outlook 2010 it automatically resizes the image and, I think, recompresses it too. I realise this would be useful for photographs or for people who try to email 1MB BMPs but I would like to email around an image at the original pixel size without recompression. Is there a way to turn this off, or better still choose settings for each image insert? I found this page in the Office help. It's for Word, PowerPoint and Excel not Outlook but points you at File, Options, Advanced, Image Settings. There's no equivalent section in Outlook. I know Outlook uses Word as its editor so I've looked at Word's settings but there isn't an 'original size' here: there's only 'turn off image recompression' and pick target DPI from 96, 150, 220. I guess Office is finding a DPI value in the JPEG file and scaling it up or down to match this setting. I can't find an equivalent option in Outlook's options menu but there's so many settings and pop-up dialogs I may have missed something. Picture Format, Reset image size resets the image to the rescaled version, not the original. I can't see a way to edit a pixel value into size values in the image properties after insert. Thanks! I realise I can probably achieve this by editing the image metadata in PhotoShop elements or similar but there ought to be a way without editing the file? This is new behaviour in Outlook 2010; 2007 didn't do this.

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• Large, high performance object or key/value store for HTTP serving on Linux

  - by Tommy

  I have a service that serves images to end users at a very high rate using plain HTTP. The images vary between 4 and 64kbytes, and there are 1.300.000.000 of them in total. The dataset is about 30TiB in size and changes (new objects, updates, deletes) make out less than 1% of the requests. The number of requests pr. second vary from 240 to 9000 and is dispersed pretty much all over, with few objects being especially "hot". As of now, these images are files on a ext3 filesystem distributed read only across a large amount of mid range servers. This poses several problems: Using a fileysystem is very inefficient since the metadata size is large, the inode/dentry cache is volatile on linux and some daemons tend to stat()/readdir() it's way through the directory structure, which in my case becomes very expensive. Updating the dataset is very time consuming and requires remounting between set A and B. The only reasonable handling is operating on the block device for backup, copying, etc. What I would like is a deamon that: speaks HTTP (get, put, delete and perhaps update) stores data it in an efficient structure. The index should remain in memory, and considering the amount of objects, the overhead must be small. The software should be able to handle massive connections with slow (if any) time needed to ramp up. Index should be read in memory at startup. Statistics would be nice, but not mandatory. I have experimented a bit with riak, redis, mongodb, kyoto and varnish with persistent storage, but I haven't had the chance to dig in really deep yet.

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• h264 inside FLV container vs. MP4 container?

  - by Gotys

  I am developing a tube site, and currently having issues with h264 format . By looking at youtube, I noticed they are putting their hi-def videos into mp4 container, so logically I did the same. Next, I installed mod_h264_streaming for lighttpd to make streaming and timeline-scrubbing work. Problem is, that large files (500mb+ at somewhat high resolution) take for EVER to even start buffering ( I read the flowplayer or other flash players need to download metadata first) . I moved the xmov atom to the front of the file with MP4Box (i tried qt-quickstart too) , and the problem didn't go away. Next I read online I need to interleave audio tracks, so I did that too. No change in slowness. So I tried putting the same exact h264 movie into an FLV container, and the playback buffering starts almost instantly - no slowness. So what am I missing here? Why would I choose MP4 container with mod_264_streaming module , which seems super-slow over a regular FLV container with lighttpd's built-in mod_flv_streaming ? Obviously many websites pick mp4 container , but I fail to understand why ? And as a side question - I tried using HTML5's VIDEO tag to try the same h264 MP4 movie, and the scrubbing is LIGHTING FAST! I looked into lighttpd's log file, and i noticed taht Flash Players append video.mp4?start=234 each time timeline is scrubbed, wheres HTML5's video tag does no such thing . Is this some sort of limitations of Flash ? Why Can't flash streaming be same fast as HTML5 streaming? Thanks to ALL who can help. I very much appreciate this community.

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• Transfer disk contents *without* cloning tools

  - by Chris Cummins

  Is it possible to "clone" a disk which contains programs by performing a copy of all the disk contents (preserving file attributes) from source to destination disk, and unplugging the source disk and changing the drive letter of the destination disk to match that of the source? Context I have a two disk Windows 8 system with a system drive and a data drive. Recently, the data drive developed a number of bad sectors leading to IO errors. I have been sent a replacement drive so I simply need to clone the contents of this data drive onto the replacement. The drive contents include documents & media, user folders (My Documents and related), and some programs (games etc). Problem The problem is that the bad sectors on the source disk causes most disk cloning tools to fail with read errors. Attempted approaches include: Disk clone from live boot environment with Acronis True Image. Fails due to read errors. Disk clone from live boot environment with Clonezilla. Fails due to read errors. Disk clone using Roadkil's Unstoppable Copier. Fails due to hardware timeouts in the HDD (application hangs indefinitely). A straightforward copy from source to destination disk using FreeFileSync (preserving file attributes and metadata). This succeeds. So at the moment I have a replacement disk which contains all of the data from the original disk. Now all I need to is somehow get Windows to replace all references to the old disk to the new one. Is this possible by simply swapping the assigned drive letters? Any help would be greatly appreciated, thanks!

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• 2012 R2 services will not start after promotion to Domain Controller

  - by Cybersylum

  Having a peculiar issue promoting a Windows 2012 R2 server in a domain at 2003 domain/forest functional level. Built a new 2012 R2 server, added the following software (labtech, appassure, eset A/V, & Teamviewer). It activated and appeared to be working fine. I added the Active Directory Domain Services role, and completed the configuration (Domain/Forest Prep, and DC promotion). All appeared to go well. I rebooted the server, and that's where the peculiar stuff began. I noticed the server indicated it needed activated again; but would not accept the key. I verified the key was good. That's when I noticed the Software Protection service (as well as many other core services - Base Filtering engine, DHCP client, firewall, etc) would not start. The error message for all of them was "Access Denied". I called MS, and they wanted to troubleshoot at a service level. Their fix was to use procmon and identify the resource that needed permissions (registry key, file or folder) and add "everyone" with full control). That got the services to start; but the problem re-appeared after a reboot. Thinking the issue might have been with the anti-virus package during the promotion process, I rebuilt the DCs from scratch and removed the metadata from AD (as I could not demote the machines "rpc server unavailble"). I tried to promote the newly built machines again. The only changes to the brand new machines being critical updates. Again the promotion appeared to work fine; but upon reboot (and a long wait to allow replication to occur) similar problems began to re-appear. I have verified that the schema updates are correct (schema version is 69 - for Windows 2012 R2). I am not finding much about this issue through my own searches, so I thought I would post this to see if anyone else has seen anything similar...

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• More advanced 'Apple Automator' like software?

  - by OrangeBox

  What I'm looking for is a program similar to Automator or A Better Finder Rename but more extensive / advanced. In my situation we have two files with the same name, one is a MOV the other an XML. We want to use some of the metadata within the XML to rename both files. Then we want to re-arrange the contents of the XML file so that it is compatible with another piece of software we use (I think this process is called mapping?) Essentially some software that takes a bunch of variable from existing file and performs file actions to them. I imagine this would be an easy task using apple-script, but I'm wondering if there is a OSX application similar to Automator that can do the above? Questions are: Is there software that can do the above? Could Automator achieve this? What is the technical name of this kind of process? If no such software exists, what would be the best kind of script to use? eg. Make an Apple Script, python script etc.

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• Deploying multiple identical copies of a virtual machine for compute tasks

  - by Reid

  I have a compute task which has a large number of library dependencies. I would like to deploy it on some of my company's large Linux clusters, where I do not have root. I could probably track down, compile, and install the right versions of all the libraries, but this looks to be quite tedious and would have to be repeated if I deployed it again somewhere else. On the other hand, it's pretty easy to install on current Ubuntu. This led me to wonder about a virtual machine approach. Could I put together a virtual machine which booted up, ran the computation (with parameters from and results to the host), and then shut down? In other words, I'd like a command like this that I could run on the host: $ ./run-vm --ram N --task /path/on/host/foo.sh --results /another/host/dir/ This would boot the VM, run foo.sh, and put the (relatively small) results of the computation in /another/host/dir/. It's important to start up many instances of the VM simultaneously, both on a single node and multiple nodes of the cluster. So it would be nice if I didn't have to make many copies of the VM virtual disk and metadata. As the task instances are completely independent, the VMs would not need any network support once deployed, or any outside communications beyond reading and writing the host filesystem. Is this possible, and if so, how might I go about doing it? Are there assumptions I've made above which are bogus?

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• Creating a test database with copied data *and* its own data

  - by Jordan Reiter

  I'd like to create a test database that each day is refreshed with data from the production database. BUT, I'd like to be able to create records in the test database and retain them rather than having them be overwritten. I'm wondering if there is a simple straightforward way to do this. Both databases run on the same server, so apparently that rules out replication? For clarification, here is what I would like to happen: Test database is created with production data I create some test records that I want to keep running on the test server (basically so I can have example records that I can play with) Next day, the database is completely refreshed, but the records I created that day are retained. Records that were untouched that day are replaced with records from the production database. The complication is if a record in the production database is deleted, I want it to be deleted on the test database too, so I do want to get rid of records in the test database that no longer exist in the production database, unless those records were created within the test database. Seems like the only way to do this would be to have some sort of table storing metadata about the records being created? So for example, something like this: CREATE TABLE MetaDataRecords ( id integer not null primary key auto_increment, tablename varchar(100), action char(1), pk varchar(100) ); DELETE FROM testdb.users WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * from proddb.users WHERE proddb.users.id=testdb.users.id) AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT * from testdb.MetaDataRecords WHERE testdb.MetaDataRecords.pk=testdb.users.pk AND testdb.MetaDataRecords.action='C' AND testdb.MetaDataRecords.tablename='users' );

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• Active Directory server down, recovering without reinstalling

  - by whatever

  My Windows 2003 server suddenly ceased to function as a DC (this server is the only DC of the domain). All AD related services are down. The only way I can login to the AD is physically to the machine. Everytime I access an AD-related service (e.g. "AD users and computers") I get the below error: Naming information cannot be located because: The specified directory service attribute or value does not exist. Contact your system administrator to verify that your domain is properly configured and is currently online. I found the below system event which matches the time when the issue started, this re-occurs everytime I reboot the server. NTDS General | Global Catalog | Active Directory was unable to establish a connection with the global catalog. Additional Data Error value: 1355 The specified domain either does not exist or could not be contacted. Internal ID: 3200d33 I started the troubleshooting with DNS. Netdiag throws the below error although I think this is simply a consequence of not being able to access the Global Catalog. The procedure entry point DnsGetPrimaryDomainName_UTF8 could not be located in the dynamic link library DNSAPI.dll. Anyway DNS seems OK because I can ping the DC FQDN from the DC itself. I found the below solution which is supposed to help by doing some cleanup of the metadata: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/216498 If I follow procedure 1 here is what I get at step 9: no current site Domain - DC=<mydomain>,DC=<com> no current server no current naming context I can continue the procedure until step 14. I haven't tested step 15 as my understanding is that I will have to reinstall the whole AD again. Is there any way I can recover my AD from there without having to reinstall the whole thing? Update: Yes, the server was powered off/on because reboot would take forever (not because I thought power cycling the unit would fix it more than a reboot).

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• What are the typical methods used to scale up/out email storage servers?

  - by nareshov

  Hi, What I've tried: I have two email storage architectures. Old and new. Old: courier-imapds on several (18+) 1TB-storage servers. If one of them show signs of running out of disk space, we migrate a few email accounts to another server. the servers don't have replicas. no backups either. New: dovecot2 on a single huge server with 16TB (SATA) storage and a few SSDs we store fresh mails on the SSDs and run a doveadm purge to move mails older than a day to the SATA disks there is an identical server which has a max-15min-old rsync backup from the primary server higher-ups/management wanted to pack in as much storage as possible per server in order to minimise the cost of SSDs per server the rsync'ing is done because GlusterFS wasn't replicating well under that high small/random-IO. scaling out was expected to be done with provisioning another pair of such huge servers on facing disk-crunch issues like in the old architecture, manual moving of email accounts would be done. Concerns/doubts: I'm not convinced with the synchronously-replicated filesystem idea works well for heavy random/small-IO. GlusterFS isn't working for us yet, I'm not sure if there's another filesystem out there for this use case. The idea was to keep identical pairs and use DNS round-robin for email delivery and IMAP/POP3 access. And if one the servers went down for whatever reasons (planned/unplanned), we'd move the IP to the other server in the pair. In filesystems like Lustre, I get the advantage of a single namespace whereby I do not have to worry about manually migrating accounts around and updating MAILHOME paths and other metadata/data. Questions: What are the typical methods used to scale up/out with the traditional software (courier-imapd / dovecot)? Do traditional software that store on a locally mounted filesystem pose a roadblock to scale out with minimal "problems"? Does one have to re-write (parts of) these to work with an object-storage of some sort - such as OpenStack object storage?

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• Modifying value of "Rating" column within Explorer for arbitrary file types

  - by Fake Name

  Basically, I have a large body of assorted media (text, images, flash files, archives, folders, etc...) and I'm attempting to organize it. Windows Explorer has a rating column, but there seems to be no way to modify the rating of the files short of opening them in their type-specific software (e.g. Media player, or Photo viewer). However, this does not work when the file is of an unsupported type (.rar, .swf ...), or a directory. I'd be more than willing to consider a file-manager replacement (I've alreadly looked at quite a few, Directory Opus, Total Commander, etc...), or even a solution that stores the rating metadata in a hidden file in each folder, or a separate database. The one real critical requirement is the ability to sort by rating, and being filetype-agnostic. Basically, is there any way to categorize a large collection of assorted files by rating that will work with any file type, including directories? - Ideally, there would be an easy way to add arbitrary columns to windows explorer, and edit them directly. However, there seems to be no way to do this. The rating column is the next best thing.

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• How can I generate filesystem images that are usable on many different virtualization systems?

  - by Mark Longair

  I have written a script that generates a root filesystem image (based on Debian lenny) suitable for User-Mode Linux. (Essentially this script creates a filesystem image, mounts it with a loop device, uses debootstrap to create a lenny install, sets up a static IP for TUN/TAP networking, adds public keys for login by SSH and installs a web application.) These filesystem images work pretty well with UML, but it would be nice to be able to generate similar images that people can use on alternative virtualization software, and I'm not familiar with these options at all. In particular, since the idea is to use this image as a standalone server for testing the web application, it's important that the networking works. I wonder if anyone can suggest what would be involved in customizing such root filesystem images such that they could be used with other virtualization software, such as VMware, Xen or as an Amazon EC2 instance? Two particular concerns are: If such systems don't use a raw filesystem image (e.g. they need headers with metadata or are compressed in some particular way) do there exist tools to convert between the different formats? I assume that in the filesystem, at least /etc/network/interfaces will have to be customized, but are more involved changes likely to be necessary? Many thanks for any suggestions...

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• Apache on CentOS 5.9 VM serves my optimized images corrupted (but my Mac doesn't)

  - by Robert K

  I'm using a Vagrant VM to mirror the client's environment as closely as I can. As part of our build process we do no optimization of assets early on; that comes as we're ready to take a site live. Needless to say, this issue is beginning to worry me as we need to take the site live very soon. I use ImageOptim to automate optimization of image assets, which runs a whole series of tools (Zopfli, PNGOUT, OptiPNG, AdvPNG, PNGCrush). I always set the optimizations to their maximum setting. After optimization, my PNGs start looking like this: What's weird is, if I serve the same file through my Mac's copy of Apache, not through Vagrant, the image loads fine. In fact, the only time it's ever corrupt like this is when the image is served from the Vagrant VM and its install of Drupal. All optimized JPEGs display only the first ~20% of the image. And PNGs, depending on the image, may show either a portion or the "progressive"-style corruption below. The browser itself makes no difference, the same browser will serve an uncorrupted image from my Mac's Apache instance and a corrupt image from the VM. When I disable all PNG optimizations except PNGCrush, and the removal of the PNG metadata, the image is served corrupted. I'm optimizing JPEG images with JPEGmini. The server is running CentOS 5.9, Apache 2.2.3-85, PHP 5.3.3, and Drupal 7. As best as I can tell the error lies somewhere within the VM, either with Apache or with (perhaps) the network stack. Seems like the tools that optimize the compression of the PNGs and JPEGs are what trigger this error. I've already determined that the .htaccess file isn't interfering with how the images load. What should I try to troubleshoot this?

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• How to make a redundant desktop system with daily snapshots? (Is btrfs ready for use?)

  - by TestUser16418

  I want to configure a desktop system in which the home filesystem would be redundant (e.g. RAID-1), and would have weekly snapshots taken. I've already done this with ZFS, the snapshot system is wonderful, and with send/recv you can easily create backups on external media. Unfortunately, at that point, I want GNU+Linux and not FreeBSD or Solaris, so I'm looking for suggestions for good alternatives. I reckon that my alternatives are: btrfs - it seems to be exactly what I need, it has snapshots and commands that allow you to easily replicate zfs send. Yet all documentation mentions that it's still experimental. I can't seem to find any actual reports on its reliability or usability issues. Can you point me to any information on that issue that could clarify whether it would be a possible choice? I have a large preference for this option, mostly because I don't want to reformat the drives when btrfs becomes ready, but I there's no information on whether it's usable at all, whether it's a silly idea to use it, etc. The question that I cannot get the answer to is what does "experimental" mean. lvm snapshots and ext4 - preferably not, since it can consume an awful amount of space when new files are created. Creating 200 GB files requres 200 GB free space and 200 GB additionally for snapshots. I also have found it unreliable -- failed metadata rewrite results in an unreadable PV. I'm wondering how btrfs would compare here. A single filesystem (ext4) on a RAID-1 array with custom COW snapshots with hardlinks (like cp -al). That's my current preference if I can't use btrfs. So how experimental btrfs is, which should I choose, and do I have any other options? What if I don't keep external incremental backups, would that affect my choice?

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• Modifying value of "Rating" column within Explorer for arbitrary file types.

  - by Fake Name

  Basically, I have a large body of assorted media (text, images, flash files, archives, folders, etc...) and I'm attempting to organize it. Windows Explorer has a rating column, but there seems to be no way to modify the rating of the files short of opening them in their type-specific software (e.g. Media player, or Photo viewer). However, this does not work when the file is of an unsupported type (.rar, .swf ...), or a directory. I'd be more than willing to consider a file-manager replacement (I've alreadly looked at quite a few, Directory Opus, Total Commander, etc...), or even a solution that stores the rating metadata in a hidden file in each folder, or a separate database. The one real critical requirement is the ability to sort by rating, and being filetype-agnostic. Basically, is there any way to categorize a large collection of assorted files by rating that will work with any file type, including directories? - Ideally, there would be an easy way to add arbitrary columns to windows explorer, and edit them directly. However, there seems to be no way to do this. The rating column is the next best thing.

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• ZFS & Deduplicating FLAC Data

  - by jasongullickson

  I'm experimenting with using ZFS to deduplicate a large library of FLAC files. The purpose of this is twofold: Reduce storage utilization Reduce bandwidth needed to sync the library with cloud storage Many of these files are of the same music tracks but from different physical media. This means that for the most part they are the same and usually close to the same size, which makes me think that they should benefit from block-level deduplication. However in my testing I'm not seeing good results. When I create a pool and add three of these tracks (identical songs from different source media) zpool list reports 1.00 dedupe. If I copy all of the files (make exact duplicates of the three) dedupe climbs, so I know that it is enabled and functioning, but it's not finding any duplication in the original collection of files. My first thought was that perhaps some of the variable header data (metadata tags, etc.) might be mis-aligning the bulk of the data in these files (the audio frames) but even making the header data consistent across the three files doesn't seem to have any impact on deduplication. I'm considering taking alternate routes (testing other dedupe filesystems as well as some custom code) but since we're already using ZFS and I like the ZFS replication options, I'd prefer to use ZFS dedupe for this project; but perhaps it's simply not capable of working well with this sort of data. Any feedback regarding tuning that might improve dedupe performance for this sort of dataset, or confirmation that ZFS dedupe is not the right tool for this job are appreciated.

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• How do I get Tomcat 7 to start up faster in Linux CentOS kernel version 2.6.18?

  - by user1786833

  I am experiencing a problem with slow start up times for Tomcat 7. I have done some testing by tweaking configuration parameters both on Linux CentOS kernel version 2.6.18 and on Windows 7 using this link as my primary guide: http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/HowTo/FasterStartUp and managed only a modest improvement. The improvements seemed to result when I added metadata-complete="true" attribute to the element of my WEB-INF/web.xml file and when I added the names of almost all the jars we use for our application to the tomcat.util.scan.DefaultJarScanner.jarsToSkip property in conf/catalina.properties file. I've also used this JAVA_OPTS in the setenv.sh file: JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -server -Xms1536m -Xmx1536m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -XX:NewRatio=2 -XX:+UseParallelGC -XX:ParallelGCThreads=2 -Dsun.rmi.dgc.client.gcInterval=1800000 -Dsun.rmi.dgc.server.gcInterval=1800000 -Dorg.apache.jasper.runtime.BodyContentImpl.LIMIT_BUFFER=true " but actually saw my start up times increase slightly. Our QA and production environments are on Linux CentOS so I'm hoping to get more information on improving Tomcat 7 start up times in that environment. My primary role is java developer and I don't have much system administration experience so I appreciate any input. Thank you for your time and suggestions.

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