apply - Page 227 - Developer IT

Applying ServiceKnownTypeAttribute to WCF service with Spring

- by avidgoffer

I am trying to apply the ServiceKnownTypeAttribute to my WCF Service but keep getting the error below my config. Does anyone have any ideas? <object id="HHGEstimating" type="Spring.ServiceModel.ServiceExporter, Spring.Services"> <property name="TargetName" value="HHGEstimatingHelper"/> <property name="Name" value="HHGEstimating"/> <property name="Namespace" value="http://www.igcsoftware.com/HHGEstimating"/> <property name="TypeAttributes"> <list> <ref local="wcfErrorBehavior"/> <ref local="wcfSilverlightFaultBehavior"/> <object type="System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute, System.ServiceModel"> <constructor-arg name="type" value="IGCSoftware.HHG.Business.UserControl.AtlasUser, IGCSoftware.HHG.Business"/> </object> </list> </property> Error thrown by a dependency of object 'HHGEstimating' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46' : '1' constructor arguments specified but no matching constructor found in object 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' (hint: specify argument indexes, names, or types to avoid ambiguities). while resolving 'TypeAttributes[2]' to 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46' Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. Exception Details: Spring.Objects.Factory.ObjectCreationException: Error thrown by a dependency of object 'HHGEstimating' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46' : '1' constructor arguments specified but no matching constructor found in object 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' (hint: specify argument indexes, names, or types to avoid ambiguities). while resolving 'TypeAttributes[2]' to 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46' Source Error: An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below. Stack Trace: [ObjectCreationException: Error thrown by a dependency of object 'HHGEstimating' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46' : '1' constructor arguments specified but no matching constructor found in object 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' (hint: specify argument indexes, names, or types to avoid ambiguities). while resolving 'TypeAttributes[2]' to 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46'] Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.ResolveInnerObjectDefinition(String name, String innerObjectName, String argumentName, IObjectDefinition definition, Boolean singletonOwner) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.cs:300 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.ResolvePropertyValue(String name, IObjectDefinition definition, String argumentName, Object argumentValue) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.cs:150 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.ResolveValueIfNecessary(String name, IObjectDefinition definition, String argumentName, Object argumentValue) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.cs:112 Spring.Objects.Factory.Config.ManagedList.Resolve(String objectName, IObjectDefinition definition, String propertyName, ManagedCollectionElementResolver resolver) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Config\ManagedList.cs:126 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.ResolvePropertyValue(String name, IObjectDefinition definition, String argumentName, Object argumentValue) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.cs:201 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.ResolveValueIfNecessary(String name, IObjectDefinition definition, String argumentName, Object argumentValue) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.cs:112 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.ApplyPropertyValues(String name, RootObjectDefinition definition, IObjectWrapper wrapper, IPropertyValues properties) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.cs:373 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.PopulateObject(String name, RootObjectDefinition definition, IObjectWrapper wrapper) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.cs:563 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.ConfigureObject(String name, RootObjectDefinition definition, IObjectWrapper wrapper) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.cs:1844 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.InstantiateObject(String name, RootObjectDefinition definition, Object[] arguments, Boolean allowEagerCaching, Boolean suppressConfigure) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.cs:918 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.AbstractObjectFactory.CreateAndCacheSingletonInstance(String objectName, RootObjectDefinition objectDefinition, Object[] arguments) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\AbstractObjectFactory.cs:2120 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.AbstractObjectFactory.GetObjectInternal(String name, Type requiredType, Object[] arguments, Boolean suppressConfigure) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\AbstractObjectFactory.cs:2046 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.DefaultListableObjectFactory.PreInstantiateSingletons() in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\DefaultListableObjectFactory.cs:505 Spring.Context.Support.AbstractApplicationContext.Refresh() in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Context\Support\AbstractApplicationContext.cs:911 _dynamic_Spring.Context.Support.XmlApplicationContext..ctor(Object[] ) +197 Spring.Reflection.Dynamic.SafeConstructor.Invoke(Object[] arguments) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Reflection\Dynamic\DynamicConstructor.cs:116 Spring.Context.Support.RootContextInstantiator.InvokeContextConstructor(ConstructorInfo ctor) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Context\Support\ContextHandler.cs:550 Spring.Context.Support.ContextInstantiator.InstantiateContext() in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Context\Support\ContextHandler.cs:494 Spring.Context.Support.ContextHandler.InstantiateContext(IApplicationContext parentContext, Object configContext, String contextName, Type contextType, Boolean caseSensitive, String[] resources) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Context\Support\ContextHandler.cs:330 Spring.Context.Support.ContextHandler.Create(Object parent, Object configContext, XmlNode section) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Context\Support\ContextHandler.cs:280 [ConfigurationErrorsException: Error creating context 'spring.root': Error thrown by a dependency of object 'HHGEstimating' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46' : '1' constructor arguments specified but no matching constructor found in object 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' (hint: specify argument indexes, names, or types to avoid ambiguities). while resolving 'TypeAttributes[2]' to 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46'] System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.EvaluateOne(String[] keys, SectionInput input, Boolean isTrusted, FactoryRecord factoryRecord, SectionRecord sectionRecord, Object parentResult) +202 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.Evaluate(FactoryRecord factoryRecord, SectionRecord sectionRecord, Object parentResult, Boolean getLkg, Boolean getRuntimeObject, Object& result, Object& resultRuntimeObject) +1061 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.GetSectionRecursive(String configKey, Boolean getLkg, Boolean checkPermission, Boolean getRuntimeObject, Boolean requestIsHere, Object& result, Object& resultRuntimeObject) +1431 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.GetSection(String configKey, Boolean getLkg, Boolean checkPermission) +56 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.GetSection(String configKey) +8 System.Web.Configuration.HttpConfigurationSystem.GetApplicationSection(String sectionName) +45 System.Web.Configuration.HttpConfigurationSystem.GetSection(String sectionName) +49 System.Web.Configuration.HttpConfigurationSystem.System.Configuration.Internal.IInternalConfigSystem.GetSection(String configKey) +6 System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.GetSection(String sectionName) +78 Spring.Util.ConfigurationUtils.GetSection(String sectionName) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Util\ConfigurationUtils.cs:69 Spring.Context.Support.ContextRegistry.InitializeContextIfNeeded() in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Context\Support\ContextRegistry.cs:340 Spring.Context.Support.ContextRegistry.GetContext() in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Context\Support\ContextRegistry.cs:206 Spring.ServiceModel.Activation.ServiceHostFactory.CreateServiceHost(String reference, Uri[] baseAddresses) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Services\ServiceModel\Activation\ServiceHostFactory.cs:66 System.ServiceModel.HostingManager.CreateService(String normalizedVirtualPath) +11687036 System.ServiceModel.HostingManager.ActivateService(String normalizedVirtualPath) +42 System.ServiceModel.HostingManager.EnsureServiceAvailable(String normalizedVirtualPath) +479 [ServiceActivationException: The service '/HHGEstimating.svc' cannot be activated due to an exception during compilation. The exception message is: Error creating context 'spring.root': Error thrown by a dependency of object 'HHGEstimating' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46' : '1' constructor arguments specified but no matching constructor found in object 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' (hint: specify argument indexes, names, or types to avoid ambiguities). while resolving 'TypeAttributes[2]' to 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46'.] System.ServiceModel.AsyncResult.End(IAsyncResult result) +11592858 System.ServiceModel.Activation.HostedHttpRequestAsyncResult.End(IAsyncResult result) +194 System.ServiceModel.Activation.HostedHttpRequestAsyncResult.ExecuteSynchronous(HttpApplication context, Boolean flowContext) +176 System.ServiceModel.Activation.HttpModule.ProcessRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e) +275 System.Web.SyncEventExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() +68 System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) +75

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error when I use GWT RPC

- by Sebe

Hello everyone... I have a problem with Eclipse when I use an RPC.. If I use a single method call it's all in the right direction but if I add a new method to handle the server I get the following error: com.google.gwt.core.client.JavaScriptException: (null): null at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannelServer.invokeJavascript(BrowserChannelServer.java:237) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.ModuleSpaceOOPHM.doInvoke(ModuleSpaceOOPHM.java:126) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.ModuleSpace.invokeNative(ModuleSpace.java:561) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.ModuleSpace.invokeNativeBoolean(ModuleSpace.java:184) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.JavaScriptHost.invokeNativeBoolean(JavaScriptHost.java:35) at com.google.gwt.user.client.rpc.impl.RpcStatsContext.isStatsAvailable(RpcStatsContext.java) at com.google.gwt.user.client.rpc.impl.RequestCallbackAdapter.onResponseReceived(RequestCallbackAdapter.java:221) at com.google.gwt.http.client.Request.fireOnResponseReceived(Request.java:287) at com.google.gwt.http.client.RequestBuilder$1.onReadyStateChange(RequestBuilder.java:395) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.MethodAdaptor.invoke(MethodAdaptor.java:103) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.MethodDispatch.invoke(MethodDispatch.java:71) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.OophmSessionHandler.invoke(OophmSessionHandler.java:157) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannelServer.reactToMessagesWhileWaitingForReturn(BrowserChannelServer.java:326) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannelServer.invokeJavascript(BrowserChannelServer.java:207) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.ModuleSpaceOOPHM.doInvoke(ModuleSpaceOOPHM.java:126) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.ModuleSpace.invokeNative(ModuleSpace.java:561) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.ModuleSpace.invokeNativeObject(ModuleSpace.java:269) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.JavaScriptHost.invokeNativeObject(JavaScriptHost.java:91) at com.google.gwt.core.client.impl.Impl.apply(Impl.java) at com.google.gwt.core.client.impl.Impl.entry0(Impl.java:214) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor13.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.MethodAdaptor.invoke(MethodAdaptor.java:103) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.MethodDispatch.invoke(MethodDispatch.java:71) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.OophmSessionHandler.invoke(OophmSessionHandler.java:157) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannelServer.reactToMessages(BrowserChannelServer.java:281) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannelServer.processConnection(BrowserChannelServer.java:531) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannelServer.run(BrowserChannelServer.java:352) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) Can I have more services in an asynchronous call right? Where am I wrong? This is my implementation MyService: package de.vogella.gwt.helloworld.client; import com.google.gwt.user.client.rpc.RemoteService; public interface MyService extends RemoteService { //chiamo i metodi presenti sul server public void creaXML(String nickname,String pass,String email2,String gio,String mes, String ann); public void setWeb(String userCorrect,String query, String titolo,String snippet,String url); } MyServiceAsync package de.vogella.gwt.helloworld.client; import com.google.gwt.user.client.rpc.AsyncCallback; public interface MyServiceAsync { void creaXML(String nickname,String pass,String email2,String gio,String mes, String ann,AsyncCallback<Void> callback); void setWeb(String userCorrect,String query, String titolo,String snippet,String url, AsyncCallback<Void> callback); } RPCService: package de.vogella.gwt.helloworld.client; import com.google.gwt.core.client.GWT; import com.google.gwt.user.client.rpc.AsyncCallback; import com.google.gwt.user.client.rpc.ServiceDefTarget; import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.FlexTable; public class RPCService implements MyServiceAsync { MyServiceAsync service = (MyServiceAsync) GWT.create(MyService.class); ServiceDefTarget endpoint = (ServiceDefTarget) service; public RPCService() { endpoint.setServiceEntryPoint(GWT.getModuleBaseURL() + "rpc"); } public void creaXML(String nickname,String pass,String email2,String gio,String mes, String ann,AsyncCallback callback) { service.creaXML(nickname, pass, email2, gio, mes, ann, callback); } public void setWeb(String userCorrect,String query, String titolo,String snippet,String url,AsyncCallback callback) { service.setWeb(userCorrect,query, titolo,snippet,url,callback); } } MyServiceImpl package de.vogella.gwt.helloworld.server; import java.io.*; import org.w3c.dom.*; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import javax.xml.transform.*; import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource; import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult; import de.vogella.gwt.helloworld.client.MyService; import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.FlexTable; import com.google.gwt.user.server.rpc.RemoteServiceServlet; import com.google.gwt.xml.client.Element; import com.google.gwt.xml.client.NodeList; public class MyServiceImpl extends RemoteServiceServlet implements MyService { //metodo che inserisce il nuovo iscritto public void creaXML(String nickname,String pass,String email2,String gio,String mes, String ann){ ....... } public void setWeb(String userCorrect,String query, String titolo,String snippet,String url) { ..... } In the app in client-side I do RPCService rpc2 = New RPCService() rpc2.setWeb(..,...,...,...,callback); and RPCService rpc = New RPCService() rpc.creaXML(..,...,...,...,callback); (in other posizions in the code...) and.. AsyncCallback callback = new AsyncCallback() { public void onFailure(Throwable caught) { Window.alert("Failure!"); } public void onSuccess(Object result) { Window.alert("Successoooooo"); } }; Web.xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd"> <web-app>   <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>De_vogella_gwt_helloworld.html</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <servlet> <servlet-name>rPCImpl</servlet-name> <servlet-class>de.vogella.gwt.helloworld.server.MyServiceImpl</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>rPCImpl</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/de_vogella_gwt_helloworld/rpc</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app> Thank you all for your attention Sebe

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Memory leak involving jQuery Ajax requests

- by Eli Courtwright

I have a webpage that's leaking memory in both IE8 and Firefox; the memory usage displayed in the Windows Process Explorer just keeps growing over time. The following page requests the "unplanned.json" url, which is a static file that never changes (though I do set my Cache-control HTTP header to no-cache to make sure that the Ajax request always goes through). When it gets the results, it clears out an HTML table, loops over the json array it got back from the server, and dynamically adds a row to an HTML table for each entry in the array. Then it waits 2 seconds and repeats this process. Here's the entire webpage: <html> <head> <title>Test Page</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.3/jquery.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> function kickoff() { $.getJSON("unplanned.json", resetTable); } function resetTable(rows) { $("#content tbody").empty(); for(var i=0; i<rows.length; i++) { $("<tr>" + "<td>" + rows[i].mpe_name + "</td>" + "<td>" + rows[i].bin + "</td>" + "<td>" + rows[i].request_time + "</td>" + "<td>" + rows[i].filtered_delta + "</td>" + "<td>" + rows[i].failed_delta + "</td>" + "</tr>").appendTo("#content tbody"); } setTimeout(kickoff, 2000); } $(kickoff); </script> <table id="content" border="1" style="width:100% ; text-align:center"> <thead><tr> <th>MPE</th> <th>Bin</th> <th>When</th> <th>Filtered</th> <th>Failed</th> </tr></thead> <tbody></tbody> </table> </body> </html> If it helps, here's an example of the json I'm sending back (it's this exact array wuith thousands of entries instead of just one): [ { mpe_name: "DBOSS-995", request_time: "09/18/2009 11:51:06", bin: 4, filtered_delta: 1, failed_delta: 1 } ] EDIT: I've accepted Toran's extremely helpful answer, but I feel I should post some additional code, since his removefromdom jQuery plugin has some limitations: It only removes individual elements. So you can't give it a query like `$("#content tbody tr")` and expect it to remove all of the elements you've specified. Any element that you remove with it must have an `id` attribute. So if I want to remove my `tbody`, then I must assign an `id` to my `tbody` tag or else it will give an error. It removes the element itself and all of its descendants, so if you simply want to empty that element then you'll have to re-create it afterwards (or modify the plugin to empty instead of remove). So here's my page above modified to use Toran's plugin. For the sake of simplicity I didn't apply any of the general performance advice offered by Peter. Here's the page which now no longer memory leaks: <html> <head> <title>Test Page</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.3/jquery.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript">  </script> <div id="message" style="color:red"></div> <table id="content" border="1" style="width:100% ; text-align:center"> <thead><tr> <th>MPE</th> <th>Bin</th> <th>When</th> <th>Filtered</th> <th>Failed</th> </tr></thead> <tbody id="id_field_required"></tbody> </table> </body> </html> FURTHER EDIT: I'll leave my question unchanged, though it's worth noting that this memory leak has nothing to do with Ajax. In fact, the following code would memory leak just the same and be just as easily solved with Toran's removefromdom jQuery plugin: function resetTable() { $("#content tbody").empty(); for(var i=0; i<1000; i++) { $("#content tbody").append("<tr><td>" + "DBOSS-095" + "</td>" + "<td>" + 4 + "</td>" + "<td>" + "09/18/2009 11:51:06" + "</td>" + "<td>" + 1 + "</td>" + "<td>" + 1 + "</td></tr>"); } setTimeout(resetTable, 2000); } $(resetTable);

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Understanding and Implementing a Force based graph layout algorithm

- by zcourts

I'm trying to implement a force base graph layout algorithm, based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force-based_algorithms_(graph_drawing) My first attempt didn't work so I looked at http://blog.ivank.net/force-based-graph-drawing-in-javascript.html and https://github.com/dhotson/springy I changed my implementation based on what I thought I understood from those two but I haven't managed to get it right and I'm hoping someone can help? JavaScript isn't my strong point so be gentle... If you're wondering why write my own. In reality I have no real reason to write my own I'm just trying to understand how the algorithm is implemented. Especially in my first link, that demo is brilliant. This is what I've come up with //support function.bind - https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function/bind#Compatibility if (!Function.prototype.bind) { Function.prototype.bind = function (oThis) { if (typeof this !== "function") { // closest thing possible to the ECMAScript 5 internal IsCallable function throw new TypeError("Function.prototype.bind - what is trying to be bound is not callable"); } var aArgs = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1), fToBind = this, fNOP = function () {}, fBound = function () { return fToBind.apply(this instanceof fNOP ? this : oThis || window, aArgs.concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments))); }; fNOP.prototype = this.prototype; fBound.prototype = new fNOP(); return fBound; }; } (function() { var lastTime = 0; var vendors = ['ms', 'moz', 'webkit', 'o']; for(var x = 0; x < vendors.length && !window.requestAnimationFrame; ++x) { window.requestAnimationFrame = window[vendors[x]+'RequestAnimationFrame']; window.cancelAnimationFrame = window[vendors[x]+'CancelAnimationFrame'] || window[vendors[x]+'CancelRequestAnimationFrame']; } if (!window.requestAnimationFrame) window.requestAnimationFrame = function(callback, element) { var currTime = new Date().getTime(); var timeToCall = Math.max(0, 16 - (currTime - lastTime)); var id = window.setTimeout(function() { callback(currTime + timeToCall); }, timeToCall); lastTime = currTime + timeToCall; return id; }; if (!window.cancelAnimationFrame) window.cancelAnimationFrame = function(id) { clearTimeout(id); }; }()); function Graph(o){ this.options=o; this.vertices={}; this.edges={};//form {vertexID:{edgeID:edge}} } /** *Adds an edge to the graph. If the verticies in this edge are not already in the *graph then they are added */ Graph.prototype.addEdge=function(e){ //if vertex1 and vertex2 doesn't exist in this.vertices add them if(typeof(this.vertices[e.vertex1])==='undefined') this.vertices[e.vertex1]=new Vertex(e.vertex1); if(typeof(this.vertices[e.vertex2])==='undefined') this.vertices[e.vertex2]=new Vertex(e.vertex2); //add the edge if(typeof(this.edges[e.vertex1])==='undefined') this.edges[e.vertex1]={}; this.edges[e.vertex1][e.id]=e; } /** * Add a vertex to the graph. If a vertex with the same ID already exists then * the existing vertex's .data property is replaced with the @param v.data */ Graph.prototype.addVertex=function(v){ if(typeof(this.vertices[v.id])==='undefined') this.vertices[v.id]=v; else this.vertices[v.id].data=v.data; } function Vertex(id,data){ this.id=id; this.data=data?data:{}; //initialize to data.[x|y|z] or generate random number for each this.x = this.data.x?this.data.x:-100 + Math.random()*200; this.y = this.data.y?this.data.y:-100 + Math.random()*200; this.z = this.data.y?this.data.y:-100 + Math.random()*200; //set initial velocity to 0 this.velocity = new Point(0, 0, 0); this.mass=this.data.mass?this.data.mass:Math.random(); this.force=new Point(0,0,0); } function Edge(vertex1ID,vertex2ID){ vertex1ID=vertex1ID?vertex1ID:Math.random() vertex2ID=vertex2ID?vertex2ID:Math.random() this.id=vertex1ID+"->"+vertex2ID; this.vertex1=vertex1ID; this.vertex2=vertex2ID; } function Point(x, y, z) { this.x = x; this.y = y; this.z = z; } Point.prototype.plus=function(p){ this.x +=p.x this.y +=p.y this.z +=p.z } function ForceLayout(o){ this.repulsion = o.repulsion?o.repulsion:200; this.attraction = o.attraction?o.attraction:0.06; this.damping = o.damping?o.damping:0.9; this.graph = o.graph?o.graph:new Graph(); this.total_kinetic_energy =0; this.animationID=-1; } ForceLayout.prototype.draw=function(){ //vertex velocities initialized to (0,0,0) when a vertex is created //vertex positions initialized to random position when created cc=0; do{ this.total_kinetic_energy =0; //for each vertex for(var i in this.graph.vertices){ var thisNode=this.graph.vertices[i]; // running sum of total force on this particular node var netForce=new Point(0,0,0) //for each other node for(var j in this.graph.vertices){ if(thisNode!=this.graph.vertices[j]){ //net-force := net-force + Coulomb_repulsion( this_node, other_node ) netForce.plus(this.CoulombRepulsion( thisNode,this.graph.vertices[j])) } } //for each spring connected to this node for(var k in this.graph.edges[thisNode.id]){ //(this node, node its connected to) //pass id of this node and the node its connected to so hookesattraction //can update the force on both vertices and return that force to be //added to the net force this.HookesAttraction(thisNode.id, this.graph.edges[thisNode.id][k].vertex2 ) } // without damping, it moves forever // this_node.velocity := (this_node.velocity + timestep * net-force) * damping thisNode.velocity.x=(thisNode.velocity.x+thisNode.force.x)*this.damping; thisNode.velocity.y=(thisNode.velocity.y+thisNode.force.y)*this.damping; thisNode.velocity.z=(thisNode.velocity.z+thisNode.force.z)*this.damping; //this_node.position := this_node.position + timestep * this_node.velocity thisNode.x=thisNode.velocity.x; thisNode.y=thisNode.velocity.y; thisNode.z=thisNode.velocity.z; //normalize x,y,z??? //total_kinetic_energy := total_kinetic_energy + this_node.mass * (this_node.velocity)^2 this.total_kinetic_energy +=thisNode.mass*((thisNode.velocity.x+thisNode.velocity.y+thisNode.velocity.z)* (thisNode.velocity.x+thisNode.velocity.y+thisNode.velocity.z)) } cc+=1; }while(this.total_kinetic_energy >0.5) console.log(cc,this.total_kinetic_energy,this.graph) this.cancelAnimation(); } ForceLayout.prototype.HookesAttraction=function(v1ID,v2ID){ var a=this.graph.vertices[v1ID] var b=this.graph.vertices[v2ID] var force=new Point(this.attraction*(b.x - a.x),this.attraction*(b.y - a.y),this.attraction*(b.z - a.z)) // hook's attraction a.force.x += force.x; a.force.y += force.y; a.force.z += force.z; b.force.x += this.attraction*(a.x - b.x); b.force.y += this.attraction*(a.y - b.y); b.force.z += this.attraction*(a.z - b.z); return force; } ForceLayout.prototype.CoulombRepulsion=function(vertex1,vertex2){ //http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb's_law // distance squared = ((x1-x2)*(x1-x2)) + ((y1-y2)*(y1-y2)) + ((z1-z2)*(z1-z2)) var distanceSquared = ( (vertex1.x-vertex2.x)*(vertex1.x-vertex2.x)+ (vertex1.y-vertex2.y)*(vertex1.y-vertex2.y)+ (vertex1.z-vertex2.z)*(vertex1.z-vertex2.z) ); if(distanceSquared==0) distanceSquared = 0.001; var coul = this.repulsion / distanceSquared; return new Point(coul * (vertex1.x-vertex2.x),coul * (vertex1.y-vertex2.y), coul * (vertex1.z-vertex2.z)); } ForceLayout.prototype.animate=function(){ if(this.animating) this.animationID=requestAnimationFrame(this.animate.bind(this)); this.draw(); } ForceLayout.prototype.cancelAnimation=function(){ cancelAnimationFrame(this.animationID); this.animating=false; } ForceLayout.prototype.redraw=function(){ this.animating=true; this.animate(); } $(document).ready(function(){ var g= new Graph(); for(var i=0;i<=100;i++){ var v1=new Vertex(Math.random(), {}) var v2=new Vertex(Math.random(), {}) var e1= new Edge(v1.id,v2.id); g.addEdge(e1); } console.log(g); var l=new ForceLayout({ graph:g }); l.redraw(); });

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Please help me understand why my XSL Transform is not transforming

- by Damovisa

I'm trying to transform one XML format to another using XSL. Try as I might, I can't seem to get a result. I've hacked away at this for a while now and I've had no success. I'm not even getting any exceptions. I'm going to post the entire code and hopefully someone can help me work out what I've done wrong. I'm aware there are likely to be problems in the xsl I have in terms of selects and matches, but I'm not fussed about that at the moment. The output I'm getting is the input XML without any XML tags. The transformation is simply not occurring. Here's my XML Document: <?xml version="1.0"?> <Transactions> <Account> <PersonalAccount> <AccountNumber>066645621</AccountNumber> <AccountName>A Smith</AccountName> <CurrentBalance>-200125.96</CurrentBalance> <AvailableBalance>0</AvailableBalance> <AccountType>LOAN</AccountType> </PersonalAccount> </Account> <StartDate>2010-03-01T00:00:00</StartDate> <EndDate>2010-03-23T00:00:00</EndDate> <Items> <Transaction> <ErrorNumber>-1</ErrorNumber> <Amount>12000</Amount> <Reference>Transaction 1</Reference> <CreatedDate>0001-01-01T00:00:00</CreatedDate> <EffectiveDate>2010-03-15T00:00:00</EffectiveDate> <IsCredit>true</IsCredit> <Balance>-324000</Balance> </Transaction> <Transaction> <ErrorNumber>-1</ErrorNumber> <Amount>11000</Amount> <Reference>Transaction 2</Reference> <CreatedDate>0001-01-01T00:00:00</CreatedDate> <EffectiveDate>2010-03-14T00:00:00</EffectiveDate> <IsCredit>true</IsCredit> <Balance>-324000</Balance> </Transaction> </Items> </Transactions> Here's my XSLT: <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:output method="xml" /> <xsl:param name="currentdate"></xsl:param> <xsl:template match="Transactions"> <xsl:element name="OFX"> <xsl:element name="SIGNONMSGSRSV1"> <xsl:element name="SONRS"> <xsl:element name="STATUS"> <xsl:element name="CODE">0</xsl:element> <xsl:element name="SEVERITY">INFO</xsl:element> </xsl:element> <xsl:element name="DTSERVER"><xsl:value-of select="$currentdate" /></xsl:element> <xsl:element name="LANGUAGE">ENG</xsl:element> </xsl:element> </xsl:element> <xsl:element name="BANKMSGSRSV1"> <xsl:element name="STMTTRNRS"> <xsl:element name="TRNUID">1</xsl:element> <xsl:element name="STATUS"> <xsl:element name="CODE">0</xsl:element> <xsl:element name="SEVERITY">INFO</xsl:element> </xsl:element> <xsl:element name="STMTRS"> <xsl:element name="CURDEF">AUD</xsl:element> <xsl:element name="BANKACCTFROM"> <xsl:element name="BANKID">RAMS</xsl:element> <xsl:element name="ACCTID"><xsl:value-of select="Account/PersonalAccount/AccountNumber" /></xsl:element> <xsl:element name="ACCTTYPE"><xsl:value-of select="Account/PersonalAccount/AccountType" /></xsl:element> </xsl:element> <xsl:element name="BANKTRANLIST"> <xsl:element name="DTSTART"><xsl:value-of select="StartDate" /></xsl:element> <xsl:element name="DTEND"><xsl:value-of select="EndDate" /></xsl:element> <xsl:for-each select="Items/Transaction"> <xsl:element name="STMTTRN"> <xsl:element name="TRNTYPE"><xsl:choose><xsl:when test="IsCredit">CREDIT</xsl:when><xsl:otherwise>DEBIT</xsl:otherwise></xsl:choose></xsl:element> <xsl:element name="DTPOSTED"><xsl:value-of select="EffectiveDate" /></xsl:element> <xsl:element name="DTUSER"><xsl:value-of select="CreatedDate" /></xsl:element> <xsl:element name="TRNAMT"><xsl:value-of select="Amount" /></xsl:element> <xsl:element name="FITID" /> <xsl:element name="NAME"><xsl:value-of select="Reference" /></xsl:element> <xsl:element name="MEMO"><xsl:value-of select="Reference" /></xsl:element> </xsl:element> </xsl:for-each> </xsl:element> <xsl:element name="LEDGERBAL"> <xsl:element name="BALAMT"><xsl:value-of select="Account/PersonalAccount/CurrentBalance" /></xsl:element> <xsl:element name="DTASOF"><xsl:value-of select="EndDate" /></xsl:element> </xsl:element> </xsl:element> </xsl:element> </xsl:element> </xsl:element> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Here's my method to transform my XML: public string TransformToXml(XmlElement xmlElement, Dictionary<string, object> parameters) { string strReturn = ""; // Load the XSLT Document XslCompiledTransform xslt = new XslCompiledTransform(); xslt.Load(xsltFileName); // arguments XsltArgumentList args = new XsltArgumentList(); if (parameters != null && parameters.Count > 0) { foreach (string key in parameters.Keys) { args.AddParam(key, "", parameters[key]); } } //Create a memory stream to write to Stream objStream = new MemoryStream(); // Apply the transform xslt.Transform(xmlElement, args, objStream); objStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin); // Read the contents of the stream StreamReader objSR = new StreamReader(objStream); strReturn = objSR.ReadToEnd(); return strReturn; } The contents of strReturn is an XML tag (<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>) followed by a raw dump of the contents of the original XML document, stripped of XML tags. What am I doing wrong here?

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Some problems with GridView in webpart with multiple filters.

- by NF_81

Hello, I'm currently working on a highly configurable Database Viewer webpart for WSS 3.0 which we are going to need for several customized sharepoint sites. Sorry in advance for the large wall of text, but i fear it's necessary to recap the whole issue. As background information and to describe my problem as good as possible, I'll start by telling you what the webpart shall do: Basically the webpart contains an UpdatePanel, which contains a GridView and an SqlDataSource. The select-query the Datasource uses can be set via webbrowseable properties or received from a consumer method from another webpart. Now i wanted to add a filtering feature to the webpart, so i want a dropdownlist in the headerrow for each column that should be filterable. As the select-query is completely dynamic and i don't know at design time which columns shall be filterable, i decided to add a webbrowseable property to contain an xml-formed string with filter information. So i added the following into OnRowCreated of the gridview: void gridView_RowCreated(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e) { if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.Header) { for (int i = 0; i < e.Row.Cells.Count; i++) { if (e.Row.Cells[i].GetType() == typeof(DataControlFieldHeaderCell)) { string headerText = ((DataControlFieldHeaderCell)e.Row.Cells[i]).ContainingField.HeaderText; // add sorting functionality if (_allowSorting && !String.IsNullOrEmpty(headerText)) { Label l = new Label(); l.Text = headerText; l.ForeColor = Color.Blue; l.Font.Bold = true; l.ID = "Header" + i; l.Attributes["title"] = "Sort by " + headerText; l.Attributes["onmouseover"] = "this.style.cursor = 'pointer'; this.style.color = 'red'"; l.Attributes["onmouseout"] = "this.style.color = 'blue'"; l.Attributes["onclick"] = "__doPostBack('" + panel.UniqueID + "','SortBy$" + headerText + "');"; e.Row.Cells[i].Controls.Add(l); } // check if this column shall be filterable if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(filterXmlData)) { XmlNode columnNode = GetColumnNode(headerText); if (columnNode != null) { string dataValueField = columnNode.Attributes["DataValueField"] == null ? "" : columnNode.Attributes["DataValueField"].Value; string filterQuery = columnNode.Attributes["FilterQuery"] == null ? "" : columnNode.Attributes["FilterQuery"].Value; if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(dataValueField) && !String.IsNullOrEmpty(filterQuery)) { SqlDataSource ds = new SqlDataSource(_conStr, filterQuery); DropDownList cbx = new DropDownList(); cbx.ID = "FilterCbx" + i; cbx.Attributes["onchange"] = "__doPostBack('" + panel.UniqueID + "','SelectionChange$" + headerText + "$' + this.options[this.selectedIndex].value);"; cbx.Width = 150; cbx.DataValueField = dataValueField; cbx.DataSource = ds; cbx.DataBound += new EventHandler(cbx_DataBound); cbx.PreRender += new EventHandler(cbx_PreRender); cbx.DataBind(); e.Row.Cells[i].Controls.Add(cbx); } } } } } } } GetColumnNode() checks in the filter property, if there is a node for the current column, which contains information about the Field the DropDownList should bind to, and the query for filling in the items. In cbx_PreRender() i check ViewState and select an item in case of a postback. In cbx_DataBound() i just add tooltips to the list items as the dropdownlist has a fixed width. Previously, I used AutoPostback and SelectedIndexChanged of the DDL to filter the grid, but to my disappointment it was not always fired. Now i check __EVENTTARGET and __EVENTARGUMENT in OnLoad and call a function when the postback event was due to a selection change in a DDL: private void FilterSelectionChanged(string columnName, string selectedValue) { columnName = "[" + columnName + "]"; if (selectedValue.IndexOf("--") < 0 ) // "-- All --" selected { if (filter.ContainsKey(columnName)) filter[columnName] = "='" + selectedValue + "'"; else filter.Add(columnName, "='" + selectedValue + "'"); } else { filter.Remove(columnName); } gridView.PageIndex = 0; } "filter" is a HashTable which is stored in ViewState for persisting the filters (got this sample somewhere on the web, don't remember where). In OnPreRender of the webpart, i call a function which reads the ViewState and apply the filterExpression to the datasource if there is one. I assume i had to place it here, because if there is another postback (e.g. for sorting) the filters are not applied any more. private void ApplyGridFilter() { string args = " "; int i = 0; foreach (object key in filter.Keys) { if (i == 0) args = key.ToString() + filter[key].ToString(); else args += " AND " + key.ToString() + filter[key].ToString(); i++; } dataSource.FilterExpression = args; ViewState.Add("FilterArgs", filter); } protected override void OnPreRender(EventArgs e) { EnsureChildControls(); if (WebPartManager.DisplayMode.Name == "Edit") { errMsg = "Webpart in Edit mode..."; return; } if (useWebPartConnection == true) // get select-query from consumer webpart { if (provider != null) { dataSource.SelectCommand = provider.strQuery; } } try { int currentPageIndex = gridView.PageIndex; if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(m_SortExpression)) { gridView.Sort("[" + m_SortExpression + "]", m_SortDirection); } gridView.PageIndex = currentPageIndex; // for some reason, the current pageindex resets after sorting ApplyGridFilter(); gridView.DataBind(); } catch (Exception ex) { Functions.ShowJavaScriptAlert(Page, ex.Message); } base.OnPreRender(e); } So i set the filterExpression and the call DataBind(). I don't know if this is ok on this late stage.. don't have a lot of asp.net experience after all. If anyone can suggest a better solution, please give me a hint. This all works great so far, except when i have two or more filters and set them to a combination that returns zero records. Bam ... gridview gone, completely - without a possiblity of changing the filters back. So i googled and found out that i have to subclass gridview in order to always show the headerrow. I found this solution and implemented it with some modifications. The headerrow get's displayed and i can change the filters even if the returned result contains no rows. But finally to my current problem: When i have two or more filters set which return zero rows, and i change back one filter to something that should return rows, the gridview remains empty (although the pager is rendered). I have to completly refresh the page to reset the filters. When debugging, i can see in the overridden CreateChildControls of the grid, that the base method indeed returns 0, but anyway... the gridView.RowCount remains 0 after databinding. Anyone have an idea what's going wrong here?

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Problems Mapping a List of Serializable Objets with JDO

- by Sergio del Amo

I have two classes Invoice and InvoiceItem. I would like Invoice to have a List of InvoiceItem Objets. I have red that the list must be of primitive or serializable objects. I have made InvoiceItem Serializable. Invoice.java looks like import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import javax.jdo.annotations.Column; import javax.jdo.annotations.Embedded; import javax.jdo.annotations.EmbeddedOnly; import javax.jdo.annotations.IdGeneratorStrategy; import javax.jdo.annotations.IdentityType; import javax.jdo.annotations.PersistenceCapable; import javax.jdo.annotations.Persistent; import javax.jdo.annotations.Element; import javax.jdo.annotations.PrimaryKey; import com.google.appengine.api.datastore.Key; import com.softamo.pelicamo.shared.InvoiceCompanyDTO; @PersistenceCapable(identityType = IdentityType.APPLICATION) public class Invoice { @PrimaryKey @Persistent(valueStrategy = IdGeneratorStrategy.IDENTITY) private Long id; @Persistent private String number; @Persistent private Date date; @Persistent private List<InvoiceItem> items = new ArrayList<InvoiceItem>(); public Invoice() {} public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;} public String getNumber() { return number;} public void setNumber(String invoiceNumber) { this.number = invoiceNumber;} public Date getDate() { return date;} public void setDate(Date invoiceDate) { this.date = invoiceDate;} public List<InvoiceItem> getItems() { return items;} public void setItems(List<InvoiceItem> items) { this.items = items;} } and InvoiceItem.java looks like import java.io.Serializable; import java.math.BigDecimal; import javax.jdo.annotations.PersistenceCapable; import javax.jdo.annotations.Persistent; @PersistenceCapable public class InvoiceItem implements Serializable { @Persistent private BigDecimal amount; @Persistent private float quantity; public InvoiceItem() {} public BigDecimal getAmount() { return amount;} public void setAmount(BigDecimal amount) { this.amount = amount;} public float getQuantity() { return quantity;} public void setQuantity(float quantity) { this.quantity = quantity;} } I get the next error while running a JUnit test. javax.jdo.JDOUserException: Attempt to handle persistence for object using datastore-identity yet StoreManager for this datastore doesn't support that identity type at org.datanucleus.jdo.NucleusJDOHelper.getJDOExceptionForNucleusException(NucleusJDOHelper.java:375) at org.datanucleus.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.jdoMakePersistent(JDOPersistenceManager.java:674) at org.datanucleus.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.makePersistent(JDOPersistenceManager.java:694) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.InvoiceStore.add(InvoiceStore.java:23) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.PopulateStorage.storeInvoices(PopulateStorage.java:58) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.PopulateStorage.run(PopulateStorage.java:46) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.InvoiceStoreTest.setUp(InvoiceStoreTest.java:44) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:27) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:31) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:76) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:46) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197) NestedThrowablesStackTrace: Attempt to handle persistence for object using datastore-identity yet StoreManager for this datastore doesn't support that identity type org.datanucleus.exceptions.NucleusUserException: Attempt to handle persistence for object using datastore-identity yet StoreManager for this datastore doesn't support that identity type at org.datanucleus.state.AbstractStateManager.<init>(AbstractStateManager.java:128) at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManagerImpl.<init>(JDOStateManagerImpl.java:215) at org.datanucleus.jdo.JDOAdapter.newStateManager(JDOAdapter.java:119) at org.datanucleus.state.StateManagerFactory.newStateManagerForPersistentNew(StateManagerFactory.java:150) at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.persistObjectInternal(ObjectManagerImpl.java:1297) at org.datanucleus.sco.SCOUtils.validateObjectForWriting(SCOUtils.java:1476) at org.datanucleus.store.mapped.scostore.ElementContainerStore.validateElementForWriting(ElementContainerStore.java:380) at org.datanucleus.store.mapped.scostore.FKListStore.validateElementForWriting(FKListStore.java:609) at org.datanucleus.store.mapped.scostore.FKListStore.internalAdd(FKListStore.java:344) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastoreFKListStore.internalAdd(DatastoreFKListStore.java:146) at org.datanucleus.store.mapped.scostore.AbstractListStore.addAll(AbstractListStore.java:128) at org.datanucleus.store.mapped.mapping.CollectionMapping.postInsert(CollectionMapping.java:157) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastoreRelationFieldManager.runPostInsertMappingCallbacks(DatastoreRelationFieldManager.java:216) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastoreRelationFieldManager.access$200(DatastoreRelationFieldManager.java:47) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastoreRelationFieldManager$1.apply(DatastoreRelationFieldManager.java:115) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastoreRelationFieldManager.storeRelations(DatastoreRelationFieldManager.java:80) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastoreFieldManager.storeRelations(DatastoreFieldManager.java:955) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastorePersistenceHandler.storeRelations(DatastorePersistenceHandler.java:527) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastorePersistenceHandler.insertPostProcess(DatastorePersistenceHandler.java:299) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastorePersistenceHandler.insertObjects(DatastorePersistenceHandler.java:251) at org.datanucleus.store.appengine.DatastorePersistenceHandler.insertObject(DatastorePersistenceHandler.java:235) at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManagerImpl.internalMakePersistent(JDOStateManagerImpl.java:3185) at org.datanucleus.state.JDOStateManagerImpl.makePersistent(JDOStateManagerImpl.java:3161) at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.persistObjectInternal(ObjectManagerImpl.java:1298) at org.datanucleus.ObjectManagerImpl.persistObject(ObjectManagerImpl.java:1175) at org.datanucleus.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.jdoMakePersistent(JDOPersistenceManager.java:669) at org.datanucleus.jdo.JDOPersistenceManager.makePersistent(JDOPersistenceManager.java:694) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.InvoiceStore.add(InvoiceStore.java:23) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.PopulateStorage.storeInvoices(PopulateStorage.java:58) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.PopulateStorage.run(PopulateStorage.java:46) at com.softamo.pelicamo.server.InvoiceStoreTest.setUp(InvoiceStoreTest.java:44) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:27) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:31) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:76) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:46) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197) Moreover, when I try to store an invoice with a list of items through my app. In the development console I can see that items are not persisted to any field while the rest of the invoice class properties are stored properly. Does anyone know what I am doing wrong? Solution As pointed in the answers, the error says that the InvoiceItem class was missing a primaryKey. I tried with: @PrimaryKey @Persistent(valueStrategy = IdGeneratorStrategy.IDENTITY) private Long id; But I was getting javax.jdo.JDOFatalUserException: Error in meta-data for InvoiceItem.id: Cannot have a java.lang.Long primary key and be a child object (owning field is Invoice.items). In persist list of objets, @aldrin pointed that For child classes the primary key has to be a com.google.appengine.api.datastore.Key value (or encoded as a string) see So, I tried with Key. It worked. @PrimaryKey @Persistent(valueStrategy = IdGeneratorStrategy.IDENTITY) private Key id;

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Issues passing values to shader

- by numerical25

I am having issues passing values to my shader. My application compiles fine, but my cube object won't shade. Below is majority of my code. Most of my code for communicating with my shader is in createObject method myGame.cpp #include "MyGame.h" #include "OneColorCube.h" /* This code sets a projection and shows a turning cube. What has been added is the project, rotation and a rasterizer to change the rasterization of the cube. The issue that was going on was something with the effect file which was causing the vertices not to be rendered correctly.*/ typedef struct { ID3D10Effect* pEffect; ID3D10EffectTechnique* pTechnique; //vertex information ID3D10Buffer* pVertexBuffer; ID3D10Buffer* pIndicesBuffer; ID3D10InputLayout* pVertexLayout; UINT numVertices; UINT numIndices; }ModelObject; ModelObject modelObject; // World Matrix D3DXMATRIX WorldMatrix; // View Matrix D3DXMATRIX ViewMatrix; // Projection Matrix D3DXMATRIX ProjectionMatrix; ID3D10EffectMatrixVariable* pProjectionMatrixVariable = NULL; ID3D10EffectVectorVariable* pLightVarible = NULL; bool MyGame::InitDirect3D() { if(!DX3dApp::InitDirect3D()) { return false; } D3D10_RASTERIZER_DESC rastDesc; rastDesc.FillMode = D3D10_FILL_WIREFRAME; rastDesc.CullMode = D3D10_CULL_FRONT; rastDesc.FrontCounterClockwise = true; rastDesc.DepthBias = false; rastDesc.DepthBiasClamp = 0; rastDesc.SlopeScaledDepthBias = 0; rastDesc.DepthClipEnable = false; rastDesc.ScissorEnable = false; rastDesc.MultisampleEnable = false; rastDesc.AntialiasedLineEnable = false; ID3D10RasterizerState *g_pRasterizerState; mpD3DDevice->CreateRasterizerState(&rastDesc, &g_pRasterizerState); //mpD3DDevice->RSSetState(g_pRasterizerState); // Set up the World Matrix D3DXMatrixIdentity(&WorldMatrix); D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&ViewMatrix, new D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 10.0f, -20.0f), new D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), new D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)); // Set up the projection matrix D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&ProjectionMatrix, (float)D3DX_PI * 0.5f, (float)mWidth/(float)mHeight, 0.1f, 100.0f); if(!CreateObject()) { return false; } return true; } //These are actions that take place after the clearing of the buffer and before the present void MyGame::GameDraw() { static float rotationAngleY = 15.0f; static float rotationAngleX = 0.0f; static D3DXMATRIX rotationXMatrix; static D3DXMATRIX rotationYMatrix; // create the rotation matrix using the rotation angle D3DXMatrixRotationY(&rotationYMatrix, rotationAngleY); D3DXMatrixRotationX(&rotationXMatrix, rotationAngleX); //rotationAngleY += (float)D3DX_PI * 0.002f; //rotationAngleX += (float)D3DX_PI * 0.001f; WorldMatrix = rotationYMatrix * rotationXMatrix; // Set the input layout mpD3DDevice->IASetInputLayout(modelObject.pVertexLayout); // Set vertex buffer UINT stride = sizeof(VertexPos); UINT offset = 0; mpD3DDevice->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &modelObject.pVertexBuffer, &stride, &offset); // Set primitive topology mpD3DDevice->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D10_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST); //ViewMatrix._43 += 0.005f; // Combine and send the final matrix to the shader D3DXMATRIX finalMatrix = (WorldMatrix * ViewMatrix * ProjectionMatrix); pProjectionMatrixVariable->SetMatrix((float*)&finalMatrix); // make sure modelObject is valid // Render a model object D3D10_TECHNIQUE_DESC techniqueDescription; modelObject.pTechnique->GetDesc(&techniqueDescription); // Loop through the technique passes for(UINT p=0; p < techniqueDescription.Passes; ++p) { modelObject.pTechnique->GetPassByIndex(p)->Apply(0); // draw the cube using all 36 vertices and 12 triangles mpD3DDevice->Draw(36,0); } } //Render actually incapsulates Gamedraw, so you can call data before you actually clear the buffer or after you //present data void MyGame::Render() { DX3dApp::Render(); } bool MyGame::CreateObject() { //Create Layout D3D10_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] = { {"POSITION",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0 , 0, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}, {"COLOR",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0 , 12, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}, {"NORMAL",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0 , 24, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0} }; UINT numElements = (sizeof(layout)/sizeof(layout[0])); modelObject.numVertices = sizeof(vertices)/sizeof(VertexPos); for(int i = 0; i < modelObject.numVertices; i += 3) { D3DXVECTOR3 out; D3DXVECTOR3 v1 = vertices[0 + i].pos; D3DXVECTOR3 v2 = vertices[1 + i].pos; D3DXVECTOR3 v3 = vertices[2 + i].pos; D3DXVECTOR3 u = v2 - v1; D3DXVECTOR3 v = v3 - v1; D3DXVec3Cross(&out, &u, &v); D3DXVec3Normalize(&out, &out); vertices[0 + i].normal = out; vertices[1 + i].normal = out; vertices[2 + i].normal = out; } //Create buffer desc D3D10_BUFFER_DESC bufferDesc; bufferDesc.Usage = D3D10_USAGE_DEFAULT; bufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(VertexPos) * modelObject.numVertices; bufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; bufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; bufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; D3D10_SUBRESOURCE_DATA initData; initData.pSysMem = vertices; //Create the buffer HRESULT hr = mpD3DDevice->CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc, &initData, &modelObject.pVertexBuffer); if(FAILED(hr)) return false; /* //Create indices DWORD indices[] = { 0,1,3, 1,2,3 }; ModelObject.numIndices = sizeof(indices)/sizeof(DWORD); bufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * ModelObject.numIndices; bufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER; initData.pSysMem = indices; hr = mpD3DDevice->CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc, &initData, &ModelObject.pIndicesBuffer); if(FAILED(hr)) return false;*/ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //Set up fx files LPCWSTR effectFilename = L"effect.fx"; modelObject.pEffect = NULL; hr = D3DX10CreateEffectFromFile(effectFilename, NULL, NULL, "fx_4_0", D3D10_SHADER_ENABLE_STRICTNESS, 0, mpD3DDevice, NULL, NULL, &modelObject.pEffect, NULL, NULL); if(FAILED(hr)) return false; pProjectionMatrixVariable = modelObject.pEffect->GetVariableByName("Projection")->AsMatrix(); pLightVarible = modelObject.pEffect->GetVariableByName("lightSource")->AsVector(); //Dont sweat the technique. Get it! LPCSTR effectTechniqueName = "Render"; D3DXVECTOR3 vLight(10.0f, 10.0f, 10.0f); pLightVarible->SetFloatVector(vLight); modelObject.pTechnique = modelObject.pEffect->GetTechniqueByName(effectTechniqueName); if(modelObject.pTechnique == NULL) return false; //Create Vertex layout D3D10_PASS_DESC passDesc; modelObject.pTechnique->GetPassByIndex(0)->GetDesc(&passDesc); hr = mpD3DDevice->CreateInputLayout(layout, numElements, passDesc.pIAInputSignature, passDesc.IAInputSignatureSize, &modelObject.pVertexLayout); if(FAILED(hr)) return false; return true; } And below is my shader effect.fx matrix Projection; float3 lightSource; float4 lightColor = {0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5}; // PS_INPUT - input variables to the pixel shader // This struct is created and fill in by the // vertex shader struct PS_INPUT { float4 Pos : SV_POSITION; float4 Color : COLOR0; float4 Normal : NORMAL; }; //////////////////////////////////////////////// // Vertex Shader - Main Function /////////////////////////////////////////////// PS_INPUT VS(float4 Pos : POSITION, float4 Color : COLOR, float4 Normal : NORMAL) { PS_INPUT psInput; // Pass through both the position and the color psInput.Pos = mul( Pos, Projection ); psInput.Color = Color; psInput.Normal = Normal; return psInput; } /////////////////////////////////////////////// // Pixel Shader /////////////////////////////////////////////// float4 PS(PS_INPUT psInput) : SV_Target { float4 finalColor = 0; finalColor = saturate(dot(lightSource, psInput.Normal) * lightColor); return finalColor; } // Define the technique technique10 Render { pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_4_0, VS() ) ); SetGeometryShader( NULL ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_4_0, PS() ) ); } }

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Maven2 - problem with pluginManagement and parent-child relationship

- by Newtopian

from maven documentation pluginManagement: is an element that is seen along side plugins. Plugin Management contains plugin elements in much the same way, except that rather than configuring plugin information for this particular project build, it is intended to configure project builds that inherit from this one. However, this only configures plugins that are actually referenced within the plugins element in the children. The children have every right to override pluginManagement definitions. Now : if I have this in my parent POM <build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <executions> Some stuff for the children </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> and I run mvn help:effective-pom on the parent project I get what I want, namely the plugins part directly under build (the one doing the work) remains empty. Now if I do the following : <build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <executions> Some stuff for the children </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0.2</version> <inherited>true</inherited> <configuration> <source>1.6</source> <target>1.6</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> mvn help:effective-pom I get again just what I want, the plugins contains just what is declared and the pluginManagement section is ignored. BUT changing with the following <build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <executions> Some stuff for the children </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <inherited>false</inherited>  <executions> some stuff for adults only </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> and running mvn help:effective-pom the stuff from pluginManagement section is added on top of what is declared already. as such : <build> <pluginManagement> ... </pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <inherited>false</inherited>  <executions> Some stuff for the children </execution> <executions> some stuff for adults only </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> Is there a way to exclude the part for children from the parent pom's section ? In effect what I want is for the pluginManagement to behave exactly as the documentation states, that is I want it to apply for children only but not for the project in which it is declared. As a corrolary, is there a way I can override the parts from the pluginManagement by declaring the plugin in the normal build section of a project ? whatever I try I get that the section is added to executions but I cannot override one that exists already. EDIT: I never did find an acceptable solution for this and as such the issue remains open. Closest solution was offered below and is currently the accepted solution for this question until something better comes up. Right now there are three ways to achieve the desired result (modulate plugin behaviour depending on where in the inheritance hierarchy the current POM is): 1 - using profiles, it will work but you must beware that profiles are not inherited, which is somewhat counter intuitive. They are (if activated) applied to the POM where declared and then this generated POM is propagated down. As such the only way to activate the profile for child POM is specifically on the command line (least I did not find another way). Property, file and other means of activation fail to activate the POM because the trigger is not in the POM where the profile is declared. 2 - (this is what I ended up doing) Declare the plugin as not inherited in the parent and re-declare (copy-paste) the tidbit in every child where it is wanted. Not ideal but it is simple and it works. 3 - Split the aggregation nature and parent nature of the parent POM. Then since the part that only applies to the parent is in a different project it is now possible to use pluginManagement as firstly intended. However this means that a new artificial project must be created that does not contribute to the end product but only serves the could system. This is clear case of conceptual bleed. Also this only applies to my specific and is hard to generalize, so I abandoned efforts to try and make this work in favor of the not-pretty but more contained cut and paste patch described in 2. If anyone coming across this question has a better solution either because of my lack of knowledge of Maven or because the tool evolved to allow this please post the solution here for future reference. Thank you all for your help :-)

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YUI Uploader hangs after choosing file

- by stephenbayer

Below is my entire code from a User control that contains the YUI Uploader. Is there something I'm missing. Right now, when I step through the javascript code in Firebug, it hangs on the first line of the upload() function. I have a breakpoint on the first line of the ashx that handles the file, but it is never called. So, it doesn't get that far. I figure I'm just missing something stupid. I've used this control many times before with no issues. I'm using all the css files and graphics provided by the samples folder in the YUI download. If I'm not missing anything, is there a more comprehensive way of debuging this issue then through stepping through the javascript with FireBug. I've tried turning the logging for YUI on and off, and never get any logs anywhere. I'm not sure where to go now. <style type="text/css"> #divFile { background-color:White; border:2px inset Ivory; height:21px; margin-left:-2px; margin-right:9px; width:125px; } </style> <ajaxToolkit:RoundedCornersExtender runat="server" Corners="All" Radius="6" ID="rceContainer" TargetControlID="pnlMMAdmin" /> <asp:Panel ID="pnlMMAdmin" runat="server" Width="100%" BackColor="Silver" ForeColor="#ffffff" Font-Bold="true" Font-Size="16px"> <div style="padding: 5px; text-align:center; width: 100%;"> <table style="width: 100% ; border: none; text-align: left;"> <tr> <td style="width: 460px; vertical-align: top;">  <ajaxToolkit:RoundedCornersExtender runat="server" Corners="All" Radius="6" ID="RoundedCornersExtender1" TargetControlID="pnlInfo" /> <asp:Panel ID="pnlInfo" runat="server" Width="100%" BackColor="Silver" ForeColor="#ffffff" Font-Bold="true" Font-Size="16px"> <div id="infoPanel" style="padding: 5px; text-align:left; width: 100%;"> <table> <tr><td>Chart</td><td> <table><tr><td><div id="divFile" ></div></td><td><div id="uploaderContainer" style="width:60px; height:25px"></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"><div id="progressBar"></div></td></tr></table> </td></tr> </table> </div></asp:Panel> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> WYSIWYG.attach('<%= txtComment.ClientID %>', full); var uploader = new YAHOO.widget.Uploader("uploaderContainer", "assets/buttonSkin.jpg"); uploader.addListener('contentReady', handleContentReady); uploader.addListener('fileSelect', onFileSelect) uploader.addListener('uploadStart', onUploadStart); uploader.addListener('uploadProgress', onUploadProgress); uploader.addListener('uploadCancel', onUploadCancel); uploader.addListener('uploadComplete', onUploadComplete); uploader.addListener('uploadCompleteData', onUploadResponse); uploader.addListener('uploadError', onUploadError); function handleContentReady() { // Allows the uploader to send log messages to trace, as well as to YAHOO.log uploader.setAllowLogging(false); // Restrict selection to a single file (that's what it is by default, // just demonstrating how). uploader.setAllowMultipleFiles(false); // New set of file filters. var ff = new Array({ description: "Images", extensions: "*.jpg;*.png;*.gif" }); // Apply new set of file filters to the uploader. uploader.setFileFilters(ff); } var fileID; function onFileSelect(event) { for (var item in event.fileList) { if (YAHOO.lang.hasOwnProperty(event.fileList, item)) { YAHOO.log(event.fileList[item].id); fileID = event.fileList[item].id; } } uploader.disable(); var filename = document.getElementById("divFile"); filename.innerHTML = event.fileList[fileID].name; var progressbar = document.getElementById("progressBar"); progressbar.innerHTML = "Please wait... Starting upload.... "; upload(fileID); } function upload(idFile) { // file hangs right here. ************************** progressBar.innerHTML = "Upload starting... "; if (idFile != null) { uploader.upload(idFile, "AdminFileUploader.ashx", "POST"); fileID = null; } } function handleClearFiles() { uploader.clearFileList(); uploader.enable(); fileID = null; var filename = document.getElementById("divFile"); filename.innerHTML = ""; var progressbar = document.getElementById("progressBar"); progressbar.innerHTML = ""; } function onUploadProgress(event) { prog = Math.round(300 * (event["bytesLoaded"] / event["bytesTotal"])); progbar = "<div style=\"background-color: #f00; height: 5px; width: " + prog + "px\"/>"; var progressbar = document.getElementById("progressBar"); progressbar.innerHTML = progbar; } function onUploadComplete(event) { uploader.clearFileList(); uploader.enable(); progbar = "<div style=\"background-color: #f00; height: 5px; width: 300px\"/>"; var progressbar = document.getElementById("progressBar"); progressbar.innerHTML = progbar; alert('File Uploaded'); } function onUploadStart(event) { alert('upload start'); } function onUploadError(event) { alert('upload error'); } function onUploadCancel(event) { alert('upload cancel'); } function onUploadResponse(event) { alert('upload response'); } </script>

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Block Hover Effect - Why doesn't it work correctly in FF3.6?

- by Brian Ojeda

Why doesn't following code work correctly in FireFox 3.6? I have tested in IE7, IE8, and Chrome with out any issues. Issue: The first block hover link (the table's 3rd row) doesn't apply the same style/effect as the following below it. Notes: I am trying to create my own table framework. This project is something I am doing to learn more about CSS. Before I started, I thought I knew a lot about CSS. However, to my surprise I was wrong. Who knew? Moving on... As side note, I do not want to take the time to support IE6. So, if you see a problem related IE6, please don't waste your time telling. One another side note, the following style script and HTML listed when this question is strip-down/bare-bone of the complete CSS/HTML. It should be enough to assist me. CSS: /* Main Properties */ .ojtable{display:block;clear:both; margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; margin-top:0px; width:650px;} .ojtable-row, .ojtable-head {display:block;clear:both;position:relative; margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;padding:0px;} .col-1, .col-2, .col-3, .col-4, .col-5, .col-6, .col-7, .col-8, .col-9, .col-10, .col-11, .col-12, .col-13, .col-1-b1, .col-2-b1, .col-3-b1, .col-4-b1, .col-5-b1, .col-6-b1, .col-7-b1, .col-8-b1, .col-9-b1, .col-10-b1, .col-11-b1, .col-12-b1, .col-13-b1 {display:block;float:left;position:relative; margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;padding:0px 2px;} /* Border */ .border-b1{border:solid #000000; border-width:0 0 1px 0;} .border-ltr{border:solid #000000; border-width:1px 1px 0 1px;} /* Header */ .ojtable-row{width:100%;} .ojtable-head{width:100%;} /* No Border*/ .col-2{width:96px;} /* Border: 1px */ .col-2-b1{width:95px;} .col-7-b1{width:345px;} /*--- Clear Floated Elements ---*/ /* Credit: http://sonspring.com/journal/clearing-floats */ .clear { clear: both; display: block; overflow: hidden; visibility: hidden; width: 0; height: 0; } /* Credit: http://perishablepress.com/press/2008/02/05/ lessons-learned-concerning-the-clearfix-css-hack/ */ .clearfix:after { visibility: hidden; display: block; font-size: 0; content: " "; clear: both; height: 0; } .clearfix { display:inline-block; } /* start commented backslash hack \*/ * html .clearfix { height: 1%; } .clearfix { display: block; } /* close commented backslash hack */ /*--- Hover Effect for the Tables ---*/ a {text-decoration:none;} * .ojtable a .ojtable-row{width:650px; display:block; text-decoration:none;} * html .ojtable a .ojtable-row {width:650px;}/* Hover Fix for IE */ .ojtable a:hover .ojtable-row{background:#AAAAAA; cursor:pointer;} HTML: <div class="ojtable border-ltr clearfix"> <div class="ojtable-row border-b1 clearfix"> <div class="col-13">Newest Blogs</div> </div> <div class="ojtable-row border-b1 clearfix"> <div class="col-7-b1 border-r1">Name</div> <div class="col-4-b1 border-r1">Creater's Name</div> <div class="col-2">Dated Created</div> </div> <a href="#"><div class="ojtable-row border-b1 clearfix"> <div class="col-7-b1 border-r1">Why jQuery?</div> <div class="col-4-b1 border-r1">Gramcracker</div> <div class="col-2">Mar 11 2010</div> </div></a> <a href="#"><div class="ojtable-row border-b1 clearfix"> <div class="col-7-b1 border-r1">Thank You For Your Help</div> <div class="col-4-b1 border-r1">O'Hater</div> <div class="col-2">Nov 2 2009</div> </div></a> <a href="#"><div class="ojtable-row border-b1 clearfix"> <div class="col-7-b1 border-r1">Click Me! Hahaha!</div> <div class="col-4-b1 border-r1">Brian Ojeda</div> <div class="col-2">Nov 29 2008</div> </div></a> <a href="#"><div class="ojtable-row border-b1 clearfix"> <div class="col-7-b1 border-r1">Moment of Zen</div> <div class="col-4-b1 border-r1">Jedi</div> <div class="col-2">Mar 11 2010</div> </div></a> <a href="#"><div class="ojtable-row border-b1 clearfix"> <div class="col-7-b1 border-r1"></div> <div class="col-4-b1 border-r1">SGT OJ</div> <div class="col-2">Mar 11 2010</div> </div></a> </div>  PS: Thank you for assistant, if you do choose to help.

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Sorting and Re-arranging List of HashMaps

- by HonorGod

I have a List which is straight forward representation of a database table. I am trying to sort and apply some magic after the data is loaded into List of HashMaps. In my case this is the only hard and fast way of doing it becoz I have a rules engine that actually updates the values in the HashMap after several computations. Here is a sample data representation of the HashMap (List of HashMap) - {fromDate=Wed Mar 17 10:54:12 EDT 2010, eventId=21, toDate=Tue Mar 23 10:54:12 EDT 2010, actionId=1234} {fromDate=Wed Mar 17 10:54:12 EDT 2010, eventId=11, toDate=Wed Mar 17 10:54:12 EDT 2010, actionId=456} {fromDate=Sat Mar 20 10:54:12 EDT 2010, eventId=20, toDate=Thu Apr 01 10:54:12 EDT 2010, actionId=1234} {fromDate=Wed Mar 24 10:54:12 EDT 2010, eventId=22, toDate=Sat Mar 27 10:54:12 EDT 2010, actionId=1234} {fromDate=Wed Mar 17 10:54:12 EDT 2010, eventId=11, toDate=Fri Mar 26 10:54:12 EDT 2010, actionId=1234} {fromDate=Sat Mar 20 10:54:12 EDT 2010, eventId=11, toDate=Wed Mar 31 10:54:12 EDT 2010, actionId=1234} {fromDate=Mon Mar 15 10:54:12 EDT 2010, eventId=12, toDate=Wed Mar 17 10:54:12 EDT 2010, actionId=567} I am trying to achieve couple of things - 1) Sort the list by actionId and eventId after which the data would look like - {fromDate=Wed Mar 17 10:54:12 EDT 2010, eventId=11, toDate=Wed Mar 17 10:54:12 EDT 2010, actionId=456} {fromDate=Mon Mar 15 10:54:12 EDT 2010, eventId=12, toDate=Wed Mar 17 10:54:12 EDT 2010, actionId=567} {fromDate=Wed Mar 24 10:54:12 EDT 2010, eventId=22, toDate=Sat Mar 27 10:54:12 EDT 2010, actionId=1234} {fromDate=Wed Mar 17 10:54:12 EDT 2010, eventId=21, toDate=Tue Mar 23 10:54:12 EDT 2010, actionId=1234} {fromDate=Sat Mar 20 10:54:12 EDT 2010, eventId=20, toDate=Thu Apr 01 10:54:12 EDT 2010, actionId=1234} {fromDate=Wed Mar 17 10:54:12 EDT 2010, eventId=11, toDate=Fri Mar 26 10:54:12 EDT 2010, actionId=1234} {fromDate=Sat Mar 20 10:54:12 EDT 2010, eventId=11, toDate=Wed Mar 31 10:54:12 EDT 2010, actionId=1234} 2) If we group the above list by actionId they would be resolved into 3 groups - actionId=1234, actionId=567 and actionId=456. Now here is my question - For each group having the same eventId, I need to update the records so that they have wider fromDate to toDate. Meaning, if you consider the last two rows they have same actionId = 1234 and same eventId = 11. Now we can to pick the least fromDate from those 2 records which is Wed Mar 17 10:54:12 and farther toDate which is Wed Mar 31 10:54:12 and update those 2 record's fromDate and toDate to Wed Mar 17 10:54:12 and Wed Mar 31 10:54:12 respectively. Any ideas? PS: I already have some pseudo code to start with. import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Calendar; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Comparator; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.CompareToBuilder; public class Tester { boolean ascending = true ; boolean sortInstrumentIdAsc = true ; boolean sortEventTypeIdAsc = true ; public static void main(String args[]) { Tester tester = new Tester() ; tester.printValues() ; } public void printValues () { List<HashMap<String,Object>> list = new ArrayList<HashMap<String,Object>>() ; HashMap<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("actionId", new Integer(1234)) ; map.put("eventId", new Integer(21)) ; map.put("fromDate", getDate(1) ) ; map.put("toDate", getDate(7) ) ; list.add(map); map = new HashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("actionId", new Integer(456)) ; map.put("eventId", new Integer(11)) ; map.put("fromDate", getDate(1)) ; map.put("toDate", getDate(1) ) ; list.add(map); map = new HashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("actionId", new Integer(1234)) ; map.put("eventId", new Integer(20)) ; map.put("fromDate", getDate(4) ) ; map.put("toDate", getDate(16) ) ; list.add(map); map = new HashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("actionId", new Integer(1234)) ; map.put("eventId", new Integer(22)) ; map.put("fromDate",getDate(8) ) ; map.put("toDate", getDate(11)) ; list.add(map); map = new HashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("actionId", new Integer(1234)) ; map.put("eventId", new Integer(11)) ; map.put("fromDate",getDate(1) ) ; map.put("toDate", getDate(10) ) ; list.add(map); map = new HashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("actionId", new Integer(1234)) ; map.put("eventId", new Integer(11)) ; map.put("fromDate",getDate(4) ) ; map.put("toDate", getDate(15) ) ; list.add(map); map = new HashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("actionId", new Integer(567)) ; map.put("eventId", new Integer(12)) ; map.put("fromDate", getDate(-1) ) ; map.put("toDate",getDate(1)) ; list.add(map); System.out.println("\n Before Sorting \n "); for(int j = 0 ; j < list.size() ; j ++ ) System.out.println(list.get(j)); Collections.sort ( list , new HashMapComparator2 () ) ; System.out.println("\n After Sorting \n "); for(int j = 0 ; j < list.size() ; j ++ ) System.out.println(list.get(j)); } public static Date getDate(int days) { Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance(); cal.setTime(new Date()); cal.add(Calendar.DATE, days); return cal.getTime() ; } public class HashMapComparator2 implements Comparator { public int compare ( Object object1 , Object object2 ) { if ( ascending == true ) { return new CompareToBuilder() .append(( ( HashMap ) object1 ).get ( "actionId" ), ( ( HashMap ) object2 ).get ( "actionId" )) .append(( ( HashMap ) object2 ).get ( "eventId" ), ( ( HashMap ) object1 ).get ( "eventId" )) .toComparison(); } else { return new CompareToBuilder() .append(( ( HashMap ) object2 ).get ( "actionId" ), ( ( HashMap ) object1 ).get ( "actionId" )) .append(( ( HashMap ) object2 ).get ( "eventId" ), ( ( HashMap ) object1 ).get ( "eventId" )) .toComparison(); } } } }

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Customized listfield with image displaying from a url

- by arunabha

I am displaying a customized list field with text on the right side and image on the left side.The image comes from a URL dynamically.Initially i am placing a blank image on the left of the list field,then call URLBitmapField class's setURL method,which actually does the processing and places the processed image on top of the blank image.The image gets displayed on the list field,but to see that processed image i need to press any key or click on the list field items.I want the processed image to be displayed automatically in the list field after the processing.Can anyone tell me where i am getting wrong? import java.util.Vector; import net.rim.device.api.system.Bitmap; import net.rim.device.api.system.Display; import net.rim.device.api.ui.ContextMenu; import net.rim.device.api.ui.DrawStyle; import net.rim.device.api.ui.Field; import net.rim.device.api.ui.Font; import net.rim.device.api.ui.Graphics; import net.rim.device.api.ui.Manager; import net.rim.device.api.ui.MenuItem; import net.rim.device.api.ui.UiApplication; import net.rim.device.api.ui.component.BitmapField; import net.rim.device.api.ui.component.Dialog; import net.rim.device.api.ui.component.LabelField; import net.rim.device.api.ui.component.ListField; import net.rim.device.api.ui.component.ListFieldCallback; import net.rim.device.api.ui.component.NullField; import net.rim.device.api.ui.container.FullScreen; import net.rim.device.api.ui.container.MainScreen; import net.rim.device.api.ui.container.VerticalFieldManager; import net.rim.device.api.util.Arrays; import net.rim.device.api.ui.component.ListField; public class TaskListField extends UiApplication { // statics // ------------------------------------------------------------------ public static void main(String[] args) { TaskListField theApp = new TaskListField(); theApp.enterEventDispatcher(); } public TaskListField() { pushScreen(new TaskList()); } } class TaskList extends MainScreen implements ListFieldCallback { private Vector rows; private Bitmap p1; private Bitmap p2; private Bitmap p3; String Task; ListField listnew = new ListField(); private VerticalFieldManager metadataVFM; TableRowManager row; public TaskList() { super(); URLBitmapField artistImgField; listnew.setRowHeight(80); listnew.setCallback(this); rows = new Vector(); for (int x = 0; x <3; x++) { row = new TableRowManager(); artistImgField = new URLBitmapField(Bitmap .getBitmapResource("res/images/bg.jpg")); row.add(artistImgField); String photoURL = "someimagefrmurl.jpg"; Log.info(photoURL); // strip white spaces in the url, which is causing the // images to not display properly for (int i = 0; i < photoURL.length(); i++) { if (photoURL.charAt(i) == ' ') { photoURL = photoURL.substring(0, i) + "%20" + photoURL.substring(i + 1, photoURL.length()); } } Log.info("Processed URL: " + photoURL); artistImgField.setURL(photoURL); LabelField task = new LabelField("Display"); row.add(task); LabelField task1 = new LabelField( "Now Playing" + String.valueOf(x)); Font myFont = Font.getDefault().derive(Font.PLAIN, 12); task1.setFont(myFont); row.add(task1); rows.addElement(row); } listnew.setSize(rows.size()); this.add(listnew); //listnew.invalidate(); } // ListFieldCallback Implementation public void drawListRow(ListField listField, Graphics g, int index, int y, int width) { TableRowManager rowManager = (TableRowManager) rows.elementAt(index); rowManager.drawRow(g, 0, y, width, listnew.getRowHeight()); } protected void drawFocus(Graphics graphics, boolean on) { } private class TableRowManager extends Manager { public TableRowManager() { super(0); } // Causes the fields within this row manager to be layed out then // painted. public void drawRow(Graphics g, int x, int y, int width, int height) { // Arrange the cell fields within this row manager. layout(width, height); // Place this row manager within its enclosing list. setPosition(x, y); // Apply a translating/clipping transformation to the graphics // context so that this row paints in the right area. g.pushRegion(getExtent()); // Paint this manager's controlled fields. subpaint(g); g.setColor(0x00CACACA); g.drawLine(0, 0, getPreferredWidth(), 0); // Restore the graphics context. g.popContext(); } // Arrages this manager's controlled fields from left to right within // the enclosing table's columns. protected void sublayout(int width, int height) { // set the size and position of each field. int fontHeight = Font.getDefault().getHeight(); int preferredWidth = getPreferredWidth(); // start with the Bitmap Field of the priority icon Field field = getField(0); layoutChild(field, 146,80); setPositionChild(field, 0, 0); // set the task name label field field = getField(1); layoutChild(field, preferredWidth - 16, fontHeight + 1); setPositionChild(field, 149, 3); // set the list name label field field = getField(2); layoutChild(field, 150, fontHeight + 1); setPositionChild(field, 149, fontHeight + 6); setExtent(360, 480); } // The preferred width of a row is defined by the list renderer. public int getPreferredWidth() { return listnew.getWidth(); } // The preferred height of a row is the "row height" as defined in the // enclosing list. public int getPreferredHeight() { return listnew.getRowHeight(); } } public Object get(ListField listField, int index) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } public int getPreferredWidth(ListField listField) { return 0; } public int indexOfList(ListField listField, String prefix, int start) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return 0; } }

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IOException: Unable To Delete Images Due To File Lock

- by Arslan Pervaiz

I am Unable To Delete Image File From My Server Path It Gaves Error That The Process Cannot Access The File "FileName" Because it is being Used By Another Process. I Tried Many Methods But Still All In Vain. Please Help me Out in This Issue. Here is My Code Snippet. using System; using System.Data; using System.Web; using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; using System.Globalization; using System.Web.Security; using System.Text; using System.DirectoryServices; using System.Collections; using System.IO; using System.Drawing; using System.Drawing.Imaging; using System.Drawing.Drawing2D; //============ Main Block ================= byte[] data = (byte[])ds.Tables[0].Rows[0][0]; MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(data); Image returnImage = Image.FromStream(ms); returnImage.Save(Server.MapPath(".\\TmpImages\\SavedImage.jpg"), System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg); returnImage.Dispose(); \\ I Tried this Dispose Method To Unlock The File But Nothing Done. ms.Close(); \\ I Tried The Memory Stream Close Method Also But Its Also Not Worked For Me. watermark(); \\ Here is My Water Mark Method That Print Water Mark Image on My Saved Image (Image That is Converted From Byte Array) DeleteImages(); \\ Here is My Delete Method That I Call To Delete The Images //===== ==== My Delete Method To Delete Files================== public void DeleteImages() { try { File.Delete(Server.MapPath(".\\TmpImages\\WaterMark.jpg")); \\This Image Deleted Fine. File.Delete(Server.MapPath(".\\TmpImages\\SavedImage.jpg")); \\ Exception Thrown On Deleting of This Image. } catch (Exception ex) { LogManager.LogException(ex, "Error in Deleting Images."); Master.ShowMessage(ex.Message, true); } } \ ==== Method Declartion That Make Watermark of One Image On Another Image.======= public void watermark() { //create a image object containing the photograph to watermark Image imgPhoto = Image.FromFile(Server.MapPath(".\\TmpImages\\SavedImage.jpg")); int phWidth = imgPhoto.Width; int phHeight = imgPhoto.Height; //create a Bitmap the Size of the original photograph Bitmap bmPhoto = new Bitmap(phWidth, phHeight, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb); bmPhoto.SetResolution(imgPhoto.HorizontalResolution, imgPhoto.VerticalResolution); //load the Bitmap into a Graphics object Graphics grPhoto = Graphics.FromImage(bmPhoto); //create a image object containing the watermark Image imgWatermark = new Bitmap(Server.MapPath(".\\TmpImages\\PrintasWatermark.jpg")); int wmWidth = imgWatermark.Width; int wmHeight = imgWatermark.Height; //Set the rendering quality for this Graphics object grPhoto.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias; //Draws the photo Image object at original size to the graphics object. grPhoto.DrawImage( imgPhoto, // Photo Image object new Rectangle(0, 0, phWidth, phHeight), // Rectangle structure 0, // x-coordinate of the portion of the source image to draw. 0, // y-coordinate of the portion of the source image to draw. phWidth, // Width of the portion of the source image to draw. phHeight, // Height of the portion of the source image to draw. GraphicsUnit.Pixel); // Units of measure //------------------------------------------------------- //to maximize the size of the Copyright message we will //test multiple Font sizes to determine the largest posible //font we can use for the width of the Photograph //define an array of point sizes you would like to consider as possiblities //------------------------------------------------------- //Define the text layout by setting the text alignment to centered StringFormat StrFormat = new StringFormat(); StrFormat.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center; //define a Brush which is semi trasparent black (Alpha set to 153) SolidBrush semiTransBrush2 = new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(153, 0, 0, 0)); //define a Brush which is semi trasparent white (Alpha set to 153) SolidBrush semiTransBrush = new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(153, 255, 255, 255)); //------------------------------------------------------------ //Step #2 - Insert Watermark image //------------------------------------------------------------ //Create a Bitmap based on the previously modified photograph Bitmap Bitmap bmWatermark = new Bitmap(bmPhoto); bmWatermark.SetResolution(imgPhoto.HorizontalResolution, imgPhoto.VerticalResolution); //Load this Bitmap into a new Graphic Object Graphics grWatermark = Graphics.FromImage(bmWatermark); //To achieve a transulcent watermark we will apply (2) color //manipulations by defineing a ImageAttributes object and //seting (2) of its properties. ImageAttributes imageAttributes = new ImageAttributes(); //The first step in manipulating the watermark image is to replace //the background color with one that is trasparent (Alpha=0, R=0, G=0, B=0) //to do this we will use a Colormap and use this to define a RemapTable ColorMap colorMap = new ColorMap(); //My watermark was defined with a background of 100% Green this will //be the color we search for and replace with transparency colorMap.OldColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 255, 0); colorMap.NewColor = Color.FromArgb(0, 0, 0, 0); ColorMap[] remapTable = { colorMap }; imageAttributes.SetRemapTable(remapTable, ColorAdjustType.Bitmap); //The second color manipulation is used to change the opacity of the //watermark. This is done by applying a 5x5 matrix that contains the //coordinates for the RGBA space. By setting the 3rd row and 3rd column //to 0.3f we achive a level of opacity float[][] colorMatrixElements = { new float[] {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, new float[] {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, new float[] {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, new float[] {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 0.0f}, new float[] {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}}; ColorMatrix wmColorMatrix = new ColorMatrix(colorMatrixElements); imageAttributes.SetColorMatrix(wmColorMatrix, ColorMatrixFlag.Default, ColorAdjustType.Bitmap); //For this example we will place the watermark in the upper right //hand corner of the photograph. offset down 10 pixels and to the //left 10 pixles int xPosOfWm = ((phWidth - wmWidth) - 10); int yPosOfWm = 10; grWatermark.DrawImage(imgWatermark, new Rectangle(xPosOfWm, yPosOfWm, wmWidth, wmHeight), //Set the detination Position 0, // x-coordinate of the portion of the source image to draw. 0, // y-coordinate of the portion of the source image to draw. wmWidth, // Watermark Width wmHeight, // Watermark Height GraphicsUnit.Pixel, // Unit of measurment imageAttributes); //ImageAttributes Object //Replace the original photgraphs bitmap with the new Bitmap imgPhoto = bmWatermark; grPhoto.Dispose(); grWatermark.Dispose(); //save new image to file system. imgPhoto.Save(Server.MapPath(".\\TmpImages\\WaterMark.jpg"), ImageFormat.Jpeg); imgPhoto.Dispose(); imgWatermark.Dispose(); }

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Set postion in customized list field in blackberry

- by arunabha

I want three list field items to be displayed, from bottom to top. I am able to display three list field items, but they display from top to bottom. I have tried setting the position, but it isn't working. import java.util.Vector; import net.rim.device.api.system.Bitmap; import net.rim.device.api.system.Display; import net.rim.device.api.ui.ContextMenu; import net.rim.device.api.ui.DrawStyle; import net.rim.device.api.ui.Field; import net.rim.device.api.ui.Font; import net.rim.device.api.ui.Graphics; import net.rim.device.api.ui.Manager; import net.rim.device.api.ui.MenuItem; import net.rim.device.api.ui.UiApplication; import net.rim.device.api.ui.component.BitmapField; import net.rim.device.api.ui.component.Dialog; import net.rim.device.api.ui.component.LabelField; import net.rim.device.api.ui.component.ListField; import net.rim.device.api.ui.component.ListFieldCallback; import net.rim.device.api.ui.component.NullField; import net.rim.device.api.ui.container.FullScreen; import net.rim.device.api.ui.container.MainScreen; import net.rim.device.api.util.Arrays; import net.rim.device.api.ui.component.ListField; /** * @author Jason Emerick */ public class TaskListField extends UiApplication { //statics ------------------------------------------------------------------ public static void main(String[] args) { TaskListField theApp = new TaskListField(); theApp.enterEventDispatcher(); } public TaskListField() { pushScreen(new TaskList()); } } /*class List extends FullScreen { TaskList tl; List(){ super(); TaskList tl=new TaskList(); } }*/ class TaskList extends MainScreen implements ListFieldCallback { private Vector rows; private Bitmap p1; private Bitmap p2; private Bitmap p3; String Task; ListField listnew=new ListField(); public TaskList() { super(); listnew.setRowHeight(50); //setEmptyString("Hooray, no tasks here!", DrawStyle.HCENTER); listnew.setCallback(this); p1 = Bitmap.getBitmapResource("1.png"); p2 = Bitmap.getBitmapResource("2.png"); p3 = Bitmap.getBitmapResource("3.png"); rows = new Vector(); for (int x = 0; x < 3; x++) { TableRowManager row = new TableRowManager(); if (x== 0) { Task="On Air Now"; } if (x== 1) { Task="Music Channel"; } if (x==2) { Task="News Channel"; } // SET THE PRIORITY BITMAP FIELD // if high priority, display p1 bitmap if (x % 2 == 0) { row.add(new BitmapField(p1)); } // if priority is 2, set p2 bitmap else if (x % 3 == 0) { row.add(new BitmapField(p2)); } // if priority is 3, set p3 bitmap else { row.add(new BitmapField(p3)); } // SET THE TASK NAME LABELFIELD // if overdue, bold/underline LabelField task = new LabelField(Task, DrawStyle.ELLIPSIS); // if due today, bold if (x % 2 == 0) { task.setFont(Font.getDefault().derive( Font.BOLD)); } else { task.setFont(Font.getDefault().derive(Font.BOLD)); } row.add(task); LabelField task1 = new LabelField("Now Playing" + String.valueOf(x), DrawStyle.ELLIPSIS); // if due today, bold /* if (x % 2 == 0) { task.setFont(Font.getDefault().derive( Font.BOLD)); } else { task.setFont(Font.getDefault().derive(Font.BOLD)); }*/ Font myFont = Font.getDefault().derive(Font.PLAIN, 12); task1.setFont(myFont); row.add(task1); // SET THE DUE DATE/TIME row.add(new LabelField("", DrawStyle.ELLIPSIS | LabelField.USE_ALL_WIDTH | DrawStyle.RIGHT) { protected void paint(Graphics graphics) { graphics.setColor(0x00878787); super.paint(graphics); } }); rows.addElement(row); } listnew.setSize(rows.size()); this.add(listnew); } // ListFieldCallback Implementation public void drawListRow(ListField listField, Graphics g, int index, int y, int width) { //TaskList list =(TaskListField) listnew; TableRowManager rowManager = (TableRowManager)rows .elementAt(index); rowManager.drawRow(g, 0, y, width, listnew.getRowHeight()); } private class TableRowManager extends Manager { public TableRowManager() { super(0); } // Causes the fields within this row manager to be layed out then // painted. public void drawRow(Graphics g, int x, int y, int width, int height) { // Arrange the cell fields within this row manager. layout(0, 1); // Place this row manager within its enclosing list. setPosition(x,y); // Apply a translating/clipping transformation to the graphics // context so that this row paints in the right area. g.pushRegion(getExtent()); // Paint this manager's controlled fields. subpaint(g); g.setColor(0x00CACACA); g.drawLine(0, 0, getPreferredWidth(), 0); // Restore the graphics context. g.popContext(); } // Arrages this manager's controlled fields from left to right within // the enclosing table's columns. protected void sublayout(int width, int height) { // set the size and position of each field. int fontHeight = Font.getDefault().getHeight(); int preferredWidth = getPreferredWidth(); // start with the Bitmap Field of the priority icon /* Field field = getField(0); layoutChild(field, 0, 0); setPositionChild(field, 150, 300);*/ // set the task name label field /* field = getField(1); layoutChild(field, preferredWidth - 16, fontHeight + 1); setPositionChild(field, 34, 3); // set the list name label field field = getField(2); layoutChild(field, 150, fontHeight + 1); setPositionChild(field, 34, fontHeight + 6);*/ // set the due time name label field /* field = getField(3); layoutChild(field, 150, fontHeight + 1); setPositionChild(field,4,340);*/ /* layoutChild(listnew, preferredWidth, fontHeight); setPositionChild(listnew, 3, 396);*/ setExtent(360, 480); } // The preferred width of a row is defined by the list renderer. public int getPreferredWidth() { return getWidth(); } // The preferred height of a row is the "row height" as defined in the // enclosing list. public int getPreferredHeight() { return listnew.getRowHeight(); } } public Object get(ListField listField, int index) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } public int getPreferredWidth(ListField listField) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return 0; } public int indexOfList(ListField listField, String prefix, int start) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return 0; } }

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parseInt and viewflipper layout problems

- by user1234167

I have a problem with parseInt it throws the error: unable to parse 'null' as integer. My view flipper is also not working. Hopefully this is an easy enough question. Here is my activity: import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.InputSource; import org.xml.sax.XMLReader; import android.app.Activity; import android.graphics.Color; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.LinearLayout; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.ViewFlipper; import xml.parser.dataset; public class XmlParserActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private final String MY_DEBUG_TAG = "WeatherForcaster"; // private dataset myDataSet; private LinearLayout layout; private int temp= 0; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ //the ViewSwitcher private Button btn; private ViewFlipper flip; // private TextView tv; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); layout=(LinearLayout)findViewById(R.id.linearlayout1); btn=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btn); btn.setOnClickListener(this); flip=(ViewFlipper)findViewById(R.id.flip); //when a view is displayed flip.setInAnimation(this,android.R.anim.fade_in); //when a view disappears flip.setOutAnimation(this, android.R.anim.fade_out); // String postcode = null; // public String getPostcode { // return postcode; // } //URL newUrl = c; // myweather.setText(c.toString()); /* Create a new TextView to display the parsingresult later. */ TextView tv = new TextView(this); // run(0); //WeatherApplicationActivity postcode = new WeatherApplicationActivity(); try { /* Create a URL we want to load some xml-data from. */ URL url = new URL("http://new.myweather2.com/developer/forecast.ashx?uac=gcV3ynNdoV&output=xml&query=G41"); //String url = new String("http://new.myweather2.com/developer/forecast.ashx?uac=gcV3ynNdoV&output=xml&query="+WeatherApplicationActivity.postcode ); //URL url = new URL(url); //url.toString( ); //myString(url.toString() + WeatherApplicationActivity.getString(postcode)); // url + WeatherApplicationActivity.getString(postcode); /* Get a SAXParser from the SAXPArserFactory. */ SAXParserFactory spf = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); SAXParser sp = spf.newSAXParser(); /* Get the XMLReader of the SAXParser we created. */ XMLReader xr = sp.getXMLReader(); /* Create a new ContentHandler and apply it to the XML-Reader*/ handler myHandler = new handler(); xr.setContentHandler(myHandler); /* Parse the xml-data from our URL. */ xr.parse(new InputSource(url.openStream())); /* Parsing has finished. */ /* Our ExampleHandler now provides the parsed data to us. */ dataset parsedDataSet = myHandler.getParsedData(); /* Set the result to be displayed in our GUI. */ tv.setText(parsedDataSet.toString()); } catch (Exception e) { /* Display any Error to the GUI. */ tv.setText("Error: " + e.getMessage()); Log.e(MY_DEBUG_TAG, "WeatherQueryError", e); } temp = Integer.parseInt(xml.parser.dataset.getTemp()); if(temp <0){ //layout.setBackgroundColor(Color.BLUE); //layout.setBackgroundColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.silver)); findViewById(R.id.flip).setBackgroundColor(Color.BLUE); } else if(temp > 0 && temp < 9) { //layout.setBackgroundColor(Color.GREEN); //layout.setBackgroundColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.silver)); findViewById(R.id.flip).setBackgroundColor(Color.GREEN); } else { //layout.setBackgroundColor(Color.YELLOW); //layout.setBackgroundColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.silver)); findViewById(R.id.flip).setBackgroundColor(Color.YELLOW); } /* Display the TextView. */ this.setContentView(tv); } @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub onClick(View arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub flip.showNext(); //specify flipping interval //flip.setFlipInterval(1000); //flip.startFlipping(); } } this is my dataset: package xml.parser; public class dataset { static String temp = null; // private int extractedInt = 0; public static String getTemp() { return temp; } public void setTemp(String temp) { this.temp = temp; } this is my handler: public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) { if(this.in_temp){ String setTemp = new String(ch, start, length); // myParsedDataSet.setTempUnit(new String(ch, start, length)); // myParsedDataSet.setTemp; } the dataset and handler i only pasted the code that involves the temp as i no they r working when i take out the if statement. However even then my viewflipper wont work. This is my main xml: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:id="@+id/linearlayout1" > <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textSize="25dip" android:text="Flip Example" /> <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textSize="25dip" android:id="@+id/tv" /> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textSize="25dip" android:text="Flip" android:id="@+id/btn" android:onClick="ClickHandler" /> <ViewFlipper android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:id="@+id/flip"> <LinearLayout android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textSize="25dip" android:text="Item1a" /> </LinearLayout> <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textSize="25dip" android:id="@+id/tv2" /> </ViewFlipper> </LinearLayout> this is my logcat: 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): FATAL EXCEPTION: main 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{xml.parser/xml.parser.XmlParserActivity}: java.lang.NumberFormatException: unable to parse 'null' as integer 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1830) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1851) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1500(ActivityThread.java:132) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1038) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:150) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4293) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:849) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:607) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): Caused by: java.lang.NumberFormatException: unable to parse 'null' as integer 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:356) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:332) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at xml.parser.XmlParserActivity.onCreate(XmlParserActivity.java:118) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1072) 04-01 18:02:24.744: E/AndroidRuntime(7331): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1794) I hope I have given enough information about my problems. I will be extremely grateful if anyone can help me out.

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How to find an entry-level job after you already have a graduate degree?

- by Uri

Note: I asked this question in early 2009. A couple of months later, I found a great job. I've previously updated this question with some tips for whoever ends up in a similar situation, and now cleaned it up a little for the benefit of the fresh batch of graduates. Original post: In my early 20s I abandoned a great C++ development career path in a major company to go to graduate school and get a research masters (3 years). I did another year in industrial research, and then moved to the US to attend graduate school again, getting another masters and a Ph.D in software engineering from a top school (another 6 years down the drain). I was coding the whole way throughout my degrees (core Java and Eclipse plug-ins) and working on research related to software engineering (usability of APIs). I ended up graduating the year of the recession, with a son on the way and the prospects of no healthcare. Academic jobs and industrial research jobs are quite scarce. Initially, I was naive, thinking that with my background, I could easily find a coding job. Big mistake. It turns out that I'm in a complicated position. Entry level positions are usually offered to college undergraduates. I attended my school's career fairs, but you could immediately see signs of Ph.D. aversion and overqualification issues. Some of the recruiters I spoke with explicitly told me that they wanted 20 year olds with clean slates, and some were looking for interns since they are in various forms of hiring freezes. I managed to get a couple of interviews from these career fairs and through recruiters. However, since I've been out of school for a long time and programming primarily in Java, I am also no longer proficient in C/C++ and the usual range of college-level interview questions that everyone uses. I had no problems with this when I was 19 and interviewing for my first job since a lot of what you do in C is manipulate pointers and I was coding C++ for fun and for school. Later I was routinely doing pointer manipulation on the job, and during my first masters taught college courses with data structures and C++. But even though I remember many properties of C++ well, it's been close to ten years since I regularly used C++ and pointers. As a Java developer I rarely had to work at this level, but experience in OOD and in writing good maintainable code is meaningless for C++ interviews. Reading books as a refresh and looking at sample code did not do the trick. I also looked at mid-to-senior level Java positions, but most of them focused on J2EE APIs rather than on core Java and required a certain number of years in industrial positions. Coding research tools and prior C++ experience doesn't count. So that sends me back to entry-level jobs that are posted through job-boards, and these are not common (mostly they are Monster junk), and small companies are even less likely to answer a Ph.D. compared to the giants who participate in top-10 career fairs. Even worse, in many companies initial screening is done by HR folks who really don't want to deal with anything anomalous like a Ph.D. Any tips on how I should approach this intractable position? For example, what should I write in cover letters? Note that while immigration is not an issue for me, I cannot go freelance as I need the benefits (and in particular group health insurance). During my studies I had no time to contribute to open-source projects or maintain a popular blog, so even if I invested in that now there would be no immediate benefit. Updates: In the two months after posting this I received several offers to work as a core Java developer in the financial industry and accepted one from a firm where I am working to this day. For those who find themselves in similar situations, here are my tips: Give up on trying to find an entry level positions. You can't undo time. Accept the fact that there is Ph.D. discrimination in the job market (some might say rightfully so). It is legal to discriminate based on education. No point fighting it. The most important tip is to focus on the language you are comfortable with. The sad truth about programming in a particular language is that it is not like riding a bike. If you haven't used a language in the last few years, and can't actually apply it routinely (not just as a refresher) before you start your search, it is going to be very difficult to do well in an interview. Now that I'm interviewing others, I routinely see it in folks with a mixed C++/Java background. We maintain "a shadow" of the old language but end up with a weird mix that makes it hard to interview on either. Entry-level folks are at an advantage here since they usually have one language. Memory can help you do great in a screening interview, but without recent day-to-day experience, code tests will be difficult. Despite the supposed relation, core Java programming and J2EE programming are two different things with different skillsets. If you come from academia, you likely have very little J2EE experience and may find it hard to get accepted for a J2EE job. J2EE jobs seem to have a larger list of acronyms in their requirements. In addition, from interviewing J2EE developers it seems that for many there is a focus on mastering specific APIs and architectures, whereas core Java development tends to be secondary. In the same way that I can no longer manipulate pointers well, a J2EE developer may have difficulties doing low level Java manipulation. This puts you at a relative advantage in competing for core Java jobs! If you are able to work for startups (in terms of family life and stability) or migrate to startup-rich areas such as the west coast, you can find many exciting opportunities where advanced degrees are a benefit. I've since been approached by several startups, although I had to decline. Work through a recruiter if possible. They have direct contacts with the hiring parties, allowing you to "stand out". It is better to get a clear yes/no confirmation from a recruiter on whether a company might be interested in interviewing you, than it is to send your resume and hope that someone will ever see it. Recruiters are also a great way of bypassing HR. However, also beware of recruiters. They have a vested interest and will go to various shady practices and pressure tactics. To find a good recruiter, talk to a friend who declined a job offer he got through a recruiter. A good recruiter, to me, is measured in how they handle that. Interview for the jobs that require your core strength. If you're rusty or entirely unfamiliar with a technology around which the job revolves, you're probably not a good match. Yes, you probably have the talent to master them, but most companies would want "instant gratification". I got my offers from companies that wanted core Java developer. I didn't do well on places that wanted advance C++ because I am too rusty and not up to date on recent libraries. I also didn't hear from companies that wanted lots of J2EE experience, and that's ok. Finding companies that want core Java without web is harder, but exists in specific industries (e.g., finance, defense). This requires a lot more legwork in terms of search, but these jobs do exist. There are different interview styles. Some companies focus on puzzles, some companies focus on algorithms, and some companies focus on design and coding skills. I had the most success in places where the questions were the most related to the function I would have been performing. Pick companies accordingly as well.

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posting multiple radio button values to mysql using "foreach"

- by jeansymolanza

i have adjusted my code slightly but i am still having difficulty posting it to the table. could someone please provide me with an example of the foreach array? form page <div style="padding: 15px;"> <span class="loginfail" style="font-size:24px; font-weight: bold">Notifications</span><p> <?php include("progress_insertcomment.php"); ?> <?php // Make a MySQL Connection mysql_select_db("speedycm_data") or die(mysql_error()); $query_comment = "select * from tbl_alert order by id desc limit 1"; $comment = mysql_query($query_comment, $speedycms) or die(mysql_error()); $row_comment = mysql_fetch_assoc($comment); $totalRows_comment = mysql_num_rows($comment); ?>  <form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>"> <span id="sprytextarea1"> <textarea id='comment' name="comment" style="height: 75px; width:330px;"><?php echo $row_comment['comment']; ?></textarea> </span> <p> <button type="submit">Add</button> <input type="hidden" name="notc" value="1"/> </form>  <form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>"> <table border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2"> <?php if ( $row_comment == 0 ) { echo "<span style='font-size: 11px;'>No current alerts.</span>"; } else { // Get all the data from the "example" table $result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM tbl_alert ORDER BY id DESC") or die(mysql_error()); while($rows=mysql_fetch_array($result)){ ?> <tr> <td> <?php echo "<div class='bubble'><div class='pimped'> <blockquote>" . $rows['comment'] . " </blockquote></div> <cite><strong>" . $rows['user'] . "</strong> @ " . $rows['date'] . "</cite> <span style='font-size: 10px;'> <p> <a href='editalert.php?id=". $rows['id'] ."' class='form' >Edit</a> • <a href='deletealert.php?id=". $rows['id'] ."' class='form'>Delete</a> </span> </div> "; ?> </td> <td valign="top" align="center"><div style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-size: 10px;">Completed?</span> <p class="field switch">  <?php $status = $rows['status']; ?> <input type="radio" name="selstatus" value="no" <?php if($status == 'yes') {echo 'checked';} else {echo '';} ?>/> <input type="radio" name="selstatus" value="yes" <?php if($status == 'yes') {echo 'checked';} else {echo '';} ?>/> <input type="hidden" name="statusid" value="<?php echo $rows['id']; ?>"/> <label for="radio1" class="cb-enable <?php if($status == 'yes') {echo 'selected';} else {echo '';} ?>"><span>Yes</span></label> <label for="radio2" class="cb-disable <?php if($status == 'no') {echo 'selected';} else {echo '';} ?>"><span>No</span></label> </p> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <?php } } ?> <td align="center"><div style="padding-left: 30px;"> <button type="submit">Update</button> <input type="hidden" name="notc2" value="1"/> </div></td> </tr> </table> </form> </div> </body> processing <?php // 6) update notifications if (array_key_exists('notc2',$_POST)) { echo "<p style='font-size: 12px;'>Thank you. The notifications have been updated successfully.<p>"; echo "<p><span style='font-size: 12px;'> <a onClick=\"history.go(-1)\" class='form'>Return</a></p> <p></span> "; exit; }; ?> after doing some research i learnt that the only way to insert multiple radio values into the MYSQL table is to use arrays. there was a similar question raised somewhere on this site: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1656260/php-multiple-radio-buttons that recommended using a foreach loop. use a foreach loop <?php foreach ( $_POST as $key => $val ) echo "$key -> $val\n"; ?> $key will be the name of the selected option and $val, well, the value. how would this apply to my situation as i am struggling to find any help on the internet. i understand that i would use this on the processing page to pull out any radio values from the previous page and then loop the INSERT MYSQL code within the process until it was all done. any advice would be appreciated! GOD BLESS.

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Visualising a 'Smarties' lid using XAML (WPF/Silverlight, Visual Studio/Blend)

- by Mr. Disappointment

Hi folks, First off, to clarify something in the title which could well be ambiguous/misleading, I'd like to inform you of my definition of 'Smarties', as I know often products are available all over - only under a different alias. Smarties are a candy product in the UK, little chocolate drops covered in a crispy shell which are distributed in a card tube, this tube used to have a plastic lid/top with an individual letter on the underside (they've taken a more economical approach as of late), the lid/top of the old-style tube is the main element of this question. Familiarisation Link Lid View Link Okay, now with the seller-type pitch out of the way (no, I don't work for Nestlé ;)), hopefully the question is becoming rather clear. Essentially, I'd like to recreate one of these lids using XAML, ultimately to be utilised in a Silverlight web application. That is, I'd like to result in a reusable control, of which the following is true: It looks like a Smarties lid. The colour can be specified. The letter can be specified. The control can be rotated to display either side. The second two seem trivial, but we must bare in mind that the background colour specified will almost, if not always, be the same as the foreground, leaving a visibility issue where the character content is concerned; as for the rotation, I'm hoping this kind of functionality is reasonably available, and acceptable to implement. So, to put this out there, consider a control named SmartiesLid which derives from ToggleButton (appropriate?) and further plotted out using a style in a resource dictionary which applies to it, as follows: <Style TargetType="local:SmartiesLid"> <Setter Property="Background" Value="Red"/> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Red"/> <Setter Property="VerticalContentAlignment" Value="Center"/> <Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Center"/> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate TargetType="local:SmartiesLid"> <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition Width=".05*"/> <ColumnDefinition/> <ColumnDefinition/> <ColumnDefinition Width=".05*"/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height=".05*"/> <RowDefinition/> <RowDefinition/> <RowDefinition Height=".05*"/> <RowDefinition Height=".1*"/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Ellipse Grid.RowSpan="4" Grid.ColumnSpan="4" Fill="{TemplateBinding Background}" Stroke="Transparent"/> <Ellipse Grid.RowSpan="2" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="1" Fill="{TemplateBinding Background}" Stroke="Transparent"> <Ellipse.Effect> <DropShadowEffect Direction="280" ShadowDepth="6" BlurRadius="6"/> </Ellipse.Effect> </Ellipse> <TextBlock Grid.RowSpan="2" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="1" Name="LetterTextBlock" Text="{TemplateBinding Content}" Foreground="{TemplateBinding Foreground}" FontSize="190" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"> </TextBlock>  </Grid> <ControlTemplate.Resources> <TranslateTransform x:Key="IndentTransform" X="10" /> <RotateTransform x:Key="RotateTransform" Angle="0" /> <Storyboard x:Key="MouseOver"> </Storyboard> <Storyboard x:Key="MouseLeave"> </Storyboard> </ControlTemplate.Resources> <ControlTemplate.Triggers> <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="true"> <Trigger.EnterActions> <BeginStoryboard Storyboard="{StaticResource MouseOver}"/> </Trigger.EnterActions> <Trigger.ExitActions> <BeginStoryboard Storyboard="{StaticResource MouseLeave}"/> </Trigger.ExitActions> </Trigger> <Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="true"> <Setter TargetName="LayoutRoot" Property="RenderTransform" Value="{StaticResource IndentTransform}"/> </Trigger> <Trigger Property="IsChecked" Value="true"> <Setter TargetName="LayoutRoot" Property="RenderTransform" Value="{StaticResource RotateTransform}"/> </Trigger> <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False"> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Gray"/> <Setter Property="Opacity" Value="0.5"/> </Trigger> </ControlTemplate.Triggers> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> With this in mind, can anyone give input on, in decreasing order of my incompetence in an area: Designing the overall look and feel of the damn thing (I'm no designer, and while I could hack away at this single control for days and potentially get something relatively useful, it's always a gamble). The particular barrier for me here is 'pathing' the tab of the lid, as you will see in the XAML as an element commented out. Should Path be used, or would it be more appropriate to transform a rectangle with rounded corners, or any specific suggestions? Bevelling the individually displayed letter; as detailed above, when the colour of both the foreground and background are the same then this will be invisible if no effects are applied, also for a decent level of realism I'd like to be able to apply such an effect/s. So far use of DropShadow and Balder3DEngine have fulfilled my requirements for graphics in XAML, how achievable is a bevel effect? Rotating the control on mouse-click, that is, showing the opposing face. Is this going to be possible using a style and XAML only for the design? Or is it that ugliness may rear it's head in the form of code-behind to show/hide embedded controls? Should the faces be separate controls and later somehow combined? Allowing the control to size dynamically. I'm supposing I will be able to convert a solid, absolute layout to a nice generic one when I actually have the former in place. Obviously this entails sizing the centralised letter and the lid 'tab', but that's it really, other than keeping the aspect ratio equal (since the ellipses grow nicely with the grid). Any suggestions to approaching this would be greatly appreciated, particularly with a dynamically growing font - I've done that before in a web-imaging scenario using code and System.Drawing, and wouldn't like to approach it in even a similar way. By the way, the reason I specify both WPF and Silverlight is that, from my current knowledge, the inputs being written targeting either of these will be fairly transferable for similar output by the other, albeit not without alterations in either scenario. The resulting application is in fact destined to be written in Silverlight, however, so I don't fancy inviting anything from WPF which will guarantee my only being able to convert 90% of it. I'll go give this little project a start, maybe in Blend(?), hopefully can catch up with some advice shortly. Thanks, Mr. D EDIT: Next question, ought this to be broken up into separate questions? :/

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Run-Time Check Failure #2 - Stack around the variable 'indices' was corrupted.

- by numerical25

well I think I know what the problem is. I am just having a hard time debugging it. I am working with the directx api and I am trying to generate a plane along the x and z axis according to a book I have. The problem is when I am creating my indices. I think I am setting values out of the bounds of the indices array. I am just having a hard time figuring out what I did wrong. I am unfamiliar with the this method of generating a plane. so its a little difficult for me. below is my code. Take emphasis on the indices loop. #include "MyGame.h" //#include "CubeVector.h" /* This code sets a projection and shows a turning cube. What has been added is the project, rotation and a rasterizer to change the rasterization of the cube. The issue that was going on was something with the effect file which was causing the vertices not to be rendered correctly.*/ typedef struct { ID3D10Effect* pEffect; ID3D10EffectTechnique* pTechnique; //vertex information ID3D10Buffer* pVertexBuffer; ID3D10Buffer* pIndicesBuffer; ID3D10InputLayout* pVertexLayout; UINT numVertices; UINT numIndices; }ModelObject; ModelObject modelObject; // World Matrix D3DXMATRIX WorldMatrix; // View Matrix D3DXMATRIX ViewMatrix; // Projection Matrix D3DXMATRIX ProjectionMatrix; ID3D10EffectMatrixVariable* pProjectionMatrixVariable = NULL; //grid information #define NUM_COLS 16 #define NUM_ROWS 16 #define CELL_WIDTH 32 #define CELL_HEIGHT 32 #define NUM_VERTSX (NUM_COLS + 1) #define NUM_VERTSY (NUM_ROWS + 1) bool MyGame::InitDirect3D() { if(!DX3dApp::InitDirect3D()) { return false; } D3D10_RASTERIZER_DESC rastDesc; rastDesc.FillMode = D3D10_FILL_WIREFRAME; rastDesc.CullMode = D3D10_CULL_FRONT; rastDesc.FrontCounterClockwise = true; rastDesc.DepthBias = false; rastDesc.DepthBiasClamp = 0; rastDesc.SlopeScaledDepthBias = 0; rastDesc.DepthClipEnable = false; rastDesc.ScissorEnable = false; rastDesc.MultisampleEnable = false; rastDesc.AntialiasedLineEnable = false; ID3D10RasterizerState *g_pRasterizerState; mpD3DDevice->CreateRasterizerState(&rastDesc, &g_pRasterizerState); mpD3DDevice->RSSetState(g_pRasterizerState); // Set up the World Matrix D3DXMatrixIdentity(&WorldMatrix); D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&ViewMatrix, new D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 10.0f, -20.0f), new D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), new D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)); // Set up the projection matrix D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&ProjectionMatrix, (float)D3DX_PI * 0.5f, (float)mWidth/(float)mHeight, 0.1f, 100.0f); if(!CreateObject()) { return false; } return true; } //These are actions that take place after the clearing of the buffer and before the present void MyGame::GameDraw() { static float rotationAngle = 0.0f; // create the rotation matrix using the rotation angle D3DXMatrixRotationY(&WorldMatrix, rotationAngle); rotationAngle += (float)D3DX_PI * 0.0f; // Set the input layout mpD3DDevice->IASetInputLayout(modelObject.pVertexLayout); // Set vertex buffer UINT stride = sizeof(VertexPos); UINT offset = 0; mpD3DDevice->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &modelObject.pVertexBuffer, &stride, &offset); mpD3DDevice->IASetIndexBuffer(modelObject.pIndicesBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0); // Set primitive topology mpD3DDevice->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D10_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST); // Combine and send the final matrix to the shader D3DXMATRIX finalMatrix = (WorldMatrix * ViewMatrix * ProjectionMatrix); pProjectionMatrixVariable->SetMatrix((float*)&finalMatrix); // make sure modelObject is valid // Render a model object D3D10_TECHNIQUE_DESC techniqueDescription; modelObject.pTechnique->GetDesc(&techniqueDescription); // Loop through the technique passes for(UINT p=0; p < techniqueDescription.Passes; ++p) { modelObject.pTechnique->GetPassByIndex(p)->Apply(0); // draw the cube using all 36 vertices and 12 triangles mpD3DDevice->DrawIndexed(modelObject.numIndices,0,0); } } //Render actually incapsulates Gamedraw, so you can call data before you actually clear the buffer or after you //present data void MyGame::Render() { DX3dApp::Render(); } bool MyGame::CreateObject() { VertexPos vertices[NUM_VERTSX * NUM_VERTSY]; for(int z=0; z < NUM_VERTSY; ++z) { for(int x = 0; x < NUM_VERTSX; ++x) { vertices[x + z * NUM_VERTSX].pos.x = (float)x * CELL_WIDTH; vertices[x + z * NUM_VERTSX].pos.z = (float)z * CELL_HEIGHT; vertices[x + z * NUM_VERTSX].pos.y = 0.0f; vertices[x + z * NUM_VERTSX].color = D3DXVECTOR4(1.0, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); } } DWORD indices[NUM_VERTSX * NUM_VERTSY]; int curIndex = 0; for(int z=0; z < NUM_ROWS; ++z) { for(int x = 0; x < NUM_COLS; ++x) { int curVertex = x + (z * NUM_VERTSX); indices[curIndex] = curVertex; indices[curIndex + 1] = curVertex + NUM_VERTSX; indices[curIndex + 2] = curVertex + 1; indices[curIndex + 3] = curVertex + 1; indices[curIndex + 4] = curVertex + NUM_VERTSX; indices[curIndex + 5] = curVertex + NUM_VERTSX + 1; curIndex += 6; } } //Create Layout D3D10_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] = { {"POSITION",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0 , 0, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0}, {"COLOR",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0 , 12, D3D10_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0} }; UINT numElements = (sizeof(layout)/sizeof(layout[0])); modelObject.numVertices = sizeof(vertices)/sizeof(VertexPos); //Create buffer desc D3D10_BUFFER_DESC bufferDesc; bufferDesc.Usage = D3D10_USAGE_DEFAULT; bufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(VertexPos) * modelObject.numVertices; bufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; bufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; bufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; D3D10_SUBRESOURCE_DATA initData; initData.pSysMem = vertices; //Create the buffer HRESULT hr = mpD3DDevice->CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc, &initData, &modelObject.pVertexBuffer); if(FAILED(hr)) return false; modelObject.numIndices = sizeof(indices)/sizeof(DWORD); bufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * modelObject.numIndices; bufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER; initData.pSysMem = indices; hr = mpD3DDevice->CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc, &initData, &modelObject.pIndicesBuffer); if(FAILED(hr)) return false; ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //Set up fx files LPCWSTR effectFilename = L"effect.fx"; modelObject.pEffect = NULL; hr = D3DX10CreateEffectFromFile(effectFilename, NULL, NULL, "fx_4_0", D3D10_SHADER_ENABLE_STRICTNESS, 0, mpD3DDevice, NULL, NULL, &modelObject.pEffect, NULL, NULL); if(FAILED(hr)) return false; pProjectionMatrixVariable = modelObject.pEffect->GetVariableByName("Projection")->AsMatrix(); //Dont sweat the technique. Get it! LPCSTR effectTechniqueName = "Render"; modelObject.pTechnique = modelObject.pEffect->GetTechniqueByName(effectTechniqueName); if(modelObject.pTechnique == NULL) return false; //Create Vertex layout D3D10_PASS_DESC passDesc; modelObject.pTechnique->GetPassByIndex(0)->GetDesc(&passDesc); hr = mpD3DDevice->CreateInputLayout(layout, numElements, passDesc.pIAInputSignature, passDesc.IAInputSignatureSize, &modelObject.pVertexLayout); if(FAILED(hr)) return false; return true; }

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Losing jQuery functionality after postback

- by David Lozzi

I have seen a TON of people reporting this issue online, but no actual solutions. I'm not using AJAX or updatepanels, just a dropdown that posts back on selected index change. My HTML is <div id="myList"> <table id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;"> <tr> <td> <tr> <td class="ms-formlabel" style="width: 175px; padding-left: 10px"> <span id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields_ctl00_lblDestinationField">Body</span> </td> <td class="ms-formbody" style="width: 485px"> <input name="ctl00$PlaceHolderMain$dlFields$ctl00$txtSource" type="text" id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields_ctl00_txtSource" class="ms-input" style="width:230px" /> <select name="ctl00$PlaceHolderMain$dlFields$ctl00$ddlSourceFields" id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields_ctl00_ddlSourceFields" class="ms-input"> <option value="Some Field Name 1">Some Field Name 1</option> <option value="Some Field Name 2">Some Field Name 2</option> <option value="Some Field Name 3">Some Field Name 3</option> <option value="Some Field Name 4">Some Field Name 4</option> </select> <a href="#" id="appendSelect">append</a> </td> </tr> </td> </tr><tr> <td> <tr> <td class="ms-formlabel" style="width: 175px; padding-left: 10px"> <span id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields_ctl01_lblDestinationField">Expires</span> </td> <td class="ms-formbody" style="width: 485px"> <input name="ctl00$PlaceHolderMain$dlFields$ctl01$txtSource" type="text" id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields_ctl01_txtSource" class="ms-input" style="width:230px" /> <select name="ctl00$PlaceHolderMain$dlFields$ctl01$ddlSourceFields" id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields_ctl01_ddlSourceFields" class="ms-input"> <option value="Some Field Name 1">Some Field Name 1</option> <option value="Some Field Name 2">Some Field Name 2</option> <option value="Some Field Name 3">Some Field Name 3</option> <option value="Some Field Name 4">Some Field Name 4</option> </select> <a href="#" id="appendSelect">append</a> </td> </tr> </td> </tr><tr> <td> <tr> <td class="ms-formlabel" style="width: 175px; padding-left: 10px"> <span id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields_ctl02_lblDestinationField">Title</span> </td> <td class="ms-formbody" style="width: 485px"> <input name="ctl00$PlaceHolderMain$dlFields$ctl02$txtSource" type="text" id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields_ctl02_txtSource" class="ms-input" style="width:230px" /> <select name="ctl00$PlaceHolderMain$dlFields$ctl02$ddlSourceFields" id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields_ctl02_ddlSourceFields" class="ms-input"> <option value="Some Field Name 1">Some Field Name 1</option> <option value="Some Field Name 2">Some Field Name 2</option> <option value="Some Field Name 3">Some Field Name 3</option> <option value="Some Field Name 4">Some Field Name 4</option> </select> <a href="#" id="appendSelect">append</a> </td> </tr> </td> </tr> </table></div> The above Div tag is static, and the table is generated from a DataList object. On postback the datalist reloads using a new dataset, for example <div id="myList"> <table id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;"> <tr> <td> <tr> <td class="ms-formlabel" style="width: 175px; padding-left: 10px"> <span id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields_ctl00_lblDestinationField">Notes</span> </td> <td class="ms-formbody" style="width: 485px"> <input name="ctl00$PlaceHolderMain$dlFields$ctl00$txtSource" type="text" id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields_ctl00_txtSource" class="ms-input" style="width:230px" /> <select name="ctl00$PlaceHolderMain$dlFields$ctl00$ddlSourceFields" id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields_ctl00_ddlSourceFields" class="ms-input"> <option value="Some Field Name 1">Some Field Name 1</option> <option value="Some Field Name 2">Some Field Name 2</option> <option value="Some Field Name 3">Some Field Name 3</option> <option value="Some Field Name 4">Some Field Name 4</option> </select> <a href="#" id="appendSelect">append</a> </td> </tr> </td> </tr><tr> <td> <tr> <td class="ms-formlabel" style="width: 175px; padding-left: 10px"> <span id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields_ctl01_lblDestinationField">URL</span> </td> <td class="ms-formbody" style="width: 485px"> <input name="ctl00$PlaceHolderMain$dlFields$ctl01$txtSource" type="text" id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields_ctl01_txtSource" class="ms-input" style="width:230px" /> <select name="ctl00$PlaceHolderMain$dlFields$ctl01$ddlSourceFields" id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_dlFields_ctl01_ddlSourceFields" class="ms-input"> <option value="Some Field Name 1">Some Field Name 1</option> <option value="Some Field Name 2">Some Field Name 2</option> <option value="Some Field Name 3">Some Field Name 3</option> <option value="Some Field Name 4">Some Field Name 4</option> </select> <a href="#" id="appendSelect">append</a> </td> </tr> </td> </tr> </table></div> After the postback and the datalist is reloaded, my JQuery doesn't work anymore. No errors, nothing. I don't see any actual changes in the objects in the HTML that should cause this. How do I fix this? Any workarounds or bandaides I can apply? My JQuery is below <script type='text/javascript'> $(document).ready(function () { $('#myList a').live("click", function () { var $selectValue = $(this).siblings('select').val(); var $thatInput = $(this).siblings('input'); var val = $thatInput.val() + ' |[' + $selectValue + ']|'; $thatInput.val(jQuery.trim(val)); }) }); </script> Thanks!!

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Building applications with WPF, MVVM and Prism(aka CAG)

- by skjagini

In this article I am going to walk through an application using WPF and Prism (aka composite application guidance, CAG) which simulates engaging a taxi (cab). The rules are simple, the app would have3 screens A login screen to authenticate the user An information screen. A screen to engage the cab and roam around and calculating the total fare Metered Rate of Fare The meter is required to be engaged when a cab is occupied by anyone $3.00 upon entry $0.35 for each additional unit The unit fare is: one-fifth of a mile, when the cab is traveling at 6 miles an hour or more; or 60 seconds when not in motion or traveling at less than 12 miles per hour. Night surcharge of $.50 after 8:00 PM & before 6:00 AM Peak hour Weekday Surcharge of $1.00 Monday - Friday after 4:00 PM & before 8:00 PM New York State Tax Surcharge of $.50 per ride. Example: Friday (2010-10-08) 5:30pm Start at Lexington Ave & E 57th St End at Irving Pl & E 15th St Start = $3.00 Travels 2 miles at less than 6 mph for 15 minutes = $3.50 Travels at more than 12 mph for 5 minutes = $1.75 Peak hour Weekday Surcharge = $1.00 (ride started at 5:30 pm) New York State Tax Surcharge = $0.50 Before we dive into the app, I would like to give brief description about the framework. If you want to jump on to the source code, scroll all the way to the end of the post. MVVM MVVM pattern is in no way related to the usage of PRISM in your application and should be considered if you are using WPF irrespective of PRISM or not. Lets say you are not familiar with MVVM, your typical UI would involve adding some UI controls like text boxes, a button, double clicking on the button, generating event handler, calling a method from business layer and updating the user interface, it works most of the time for developing small scale applications. The problem with this approach is that there is some amount of code specific to business logic wrapped in UI specific code which is hard to unit test it, mock it and MVVM helps to solve the exact problem. MVVM stands for Model(M) – View(V) – ViewModel(VM), based on the interactions with in the three parties it should be called VVMM, MVVM sounds more like MVC (Model-View-Controller) so the name. Why it should be called VVMM: View – View Model - Model WPF allows to create user interfaces using XAML and MVVM takes it to the next level by allowing complete separation of user interface and business logic. In WPF each view will have a property, DataContext when set to an instance of a class (which happens to be your view model) provides the data the view is interested in, i.e., view interacts with view model and at the same time view model interacts with view through DataContext. Sujith, if view and view model are interacting directly with each other how does MVVM is helping me separation of concerns? Well, the catch is DataContext is of type Object, since it is of type object view doesn’t know exact type of view model allowing views and views models to be loosely coupled. View models aggregate data from models (data access layer, services, etc) and make it available for views through properties, methods etc, i.e., View Models interact with Models. PRISM Prism is provided by Microsoft Patterns and Practices team and it can be downloaded from codeplex for source code, samples and documentation on msdn. The name composite implies, to compose user interface from different modules (views) without direct dependencies on each other, again allowing loosely coupled development. Well Sujith, I can already do that with user controls, why shall I learn another framework? That’s correct, you can decouple using user controls, but you still have to manage some amount of coupling, like how to do you communicate between the controls, how do you subscribe/unsubscribe, loading/unloading views dynamically. Prism is not a replacement for user controls, provides the following features which greatly help in designing the composite applications. Dependency Injection (DI)/ Inversion of Control (IoC) Modules Regions Event Aggregator Commands Simply put, MVVM helps building a single view and Prism helps building an application using the views There are other open source alternatives to Prism, like MVVMLight, Cinch, take a look at them as well. Lets dig into the source code. 1. Solution The solution is made of the following projects Framework: Holds the common functionality in building applications using WPF and Prism TaxiClient: Start up project, boot strapping and app styling TaxiCommon: Helps with the business logic TaxiModules: Holds the meat of the application with views and view models TaxiTests: To test the application 2. DI / IoC Dependency Injection (DI) as the name implies refers to injecting dependencies and Inversion of Control (IoC) means the calling code has no direct control on the dependencies, opposite of normal way of programming where dependencies are passed by caller, i.e inversion; aside from some differences in terminology the concept is same in both the cases. The idea behind DI/IoC pattern is to reduce the amount of direct coupling between different components of the application, the higher the dependency the more tightly coupled the application resulting in code which is hard to modify, unit test and mock. Initializing Dependency Injection through BootStrapper TaxiClient is the starting project of the solution and App (App.xaml) is the starting class that gets called when you run the application. From the App’s OnStartup method we will invoke BootStrapper. namespace TaxiClient { /// <summary> /// Interaction logic for App.xaml /// </summary> public partial class App : Application { protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e) { base.OnStartup(e); (new BootStrapper()).Run(); } } } BootStrapper is your contact point for initializing the application including dependency injection, creating Shell and other frameworks. We are going to use Unity for DI and there are lot of open source DI frameworks like Spring.Net, StructureMap etc with different feature set and you can choose a framework based on your preferences. Note that Prism comes with in built support for Unity, for example we are deriving from UnityBootStrapper in our case and for any other DI framework you have to extend the Prism appropriately namespace TaxiClient { public class BootStrapper: UnityBootstrapper { protected override IModuleCatalog CreateModuleCatalog() { return new ConfigurationModuleCatalog(); } protected override DependencyObject CreateShell() { Framework.FrameworkBootStrapper.Run(Container, Application.Current.Dispatcher); Shell shell = new Shell(); shell.ResizeMode = ResizeMode.NoResize; shell.Show(); return shell; } } } Lets take a look into FrameworkBootStrapper to check out how to register with unity container. namespace Framework { public class FrameworkBootStrapper { public static void Run(IUnityContainer container, Dispatcher dispatcher) { UIDispatcher uiDispatcher = new UIDispatcher(dispatcher); container.RegisterInstance<IDispatcherService>(uiDispatcher); container.RegisterType<IInjectSingleViewService, InjectSingleViewService>( new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager()); . . . } } } In the above code we are registering two components with unity container. You shall observe that we are following two different approaches, RegisterInstance and RegisterType. With RegisterInstance we are registering an existing instance and the same instance will be returned for every request made for IDispatcherService and with RegisterType we are requesting unity container to create an instance for us when required, i.e., when I request for an instance for IInjectSingleViewService, unity will create/return an instance of InjectSingleViewService class and with RegisterType we can configure the life time of the instance being created. With ContaienrControllerLifetimeManager, the unity container caches the instance and reuses for any subsequent requests, without recreating a new instance. Lets take a look into FareViewModel.cs and it’s constructor. The constructor takes one parameter IEventAggregator and if you try to find all references in your solution for IEventAggregator, you will not find a single location where an instance of EventAggregator is passed directly to the constructor. The compiler still finds an instance and works fine because Prism is already configured when used with Unity container to return an instance of EventAggregator when requested for IEventAggregator and in this particular case it is called constructor injection. public class FareViewModel:ObservableBase, IDataErrorInfo { ... private IEventAggregator _eventAggregator; public FareViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) { _eventAggregator = eventAggregator; InitializePropertyNames(); InitializeModel(); PropertyChanged += OnPropertyChanged; } ... 3. Shell Shells are very similar in operation to Master Pages in asp.net or MDI in Windows Forms. And shells contain regions which display the views, you can have as many regions as you wish in a given view. You can also nest regions. i.e, one region can load a view which in itself may contain other regions. We have to create a shell at the start of the application and are doing it by overriding CreateShell method from BootStrapper From the following Shell.xaml you shall notice that we have two content controls with Region names as ‘MenuRegion’ and ‘MainRegion’. The idea here is that you can inject any user controls into the regions dynamically, i.e., a Menu User Control for MenuRegion and based on the user action you can load appropriate view into MainRegion. <Window x:Class="TaxiClient.Shell" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:Regions="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Regions;assembly=Microsoft.Practices.Prism" Title="Taxi" Height="370" Width="800"> <Grid Margin="2"> <ContentControl Regions:RegionManager.RegionName="MenuRegion" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch" /> <ContentControl Grid.Row="1" Regions:RegionManager.RegionName="MainRegion" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch" />  </Grid> </Window> 4. Modules Prism provides the ability to build composite applications and modules play an important role in it. For example if you are building a Mortgage Loan Processor application with 3 components, i.e. customer’s credit history, existing mortgages, new home/loan information; and consider that the customer’s credit history component involves gathering data about his/her address, background information, job details etc. The idea here using Prism modules is to separate the implementation of these 3 components into their own visual studio projects allowing to build components with no dependency on each other and independently. If we need to add another component to the application, the component can be developed by in house team or some other team in the organization by starting with a new Visual Studio project and adding to the solution at the run time with very little knowledge about the application. Prism modules are defined by implementing the IModule interface and each visual studio project to be considered as a module should implement the IModule interface. From the BootStrapper.cs you shall observe that we are overriding the method by returning a ConfiguratingModuleCatalog which returns the modules that are registered for the application using the app.config file and you can also add module using code. Lets take a look into configuration file. <?xml version="1.0"?> <configuration> <configSections> <section name="modules" type="Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Modularity.ModulesConfigurationSection, Microsoft.Practices.Prism"/> </configSections> <modules> <module assemblyFile="TaxiModules.dll" moduleType="TaxiModules.ModuleInitializer, TaxiModules" moduleName="TaxiModules"/> </modules> </configuration> Here we are adding TaxiModules project to our solution and TaxiModules.ModuleInitializer implements IModule interface 5. Module Mapper With Prism modules you can dynamically add or remove modules from the regions, apart from that Prism also provides API to control adding/removing the views from a region within the same module. Taxi Information Screen: Engage the Taxi Screen: The sample application has two screens, ‘Taxi Information’ and ‘Engage the Taxi’ and they both reside in same module, TaxiModules. ‘Engage the Taxi’ is again made of two user controls, FareView on the left and TotalView on the right. We have created a Shell with two regions, MenuRegion and MainRegion with menu loaded into MenuRegion. We can create a wrapper user control called EngageTheTaxi made of FareView and TotalView and load either TaxiInfo or EngageTheTaxi into MainRegion based on the user action. Though it will work it tightly binds the user controls and for every combination of user controls, we need to create a dummy wrapper control to contain them. Instead we can apply the principles we learned so far from Shell/regions and introduce another template (LeftAndRightRegionView.xaml) made of two regions Region1 (left) and Region2 (right) and load FareView and TotalView dynamically. To help with loading of the views dynamically I have introduce an helper an interface, IInjectSingleViewService, idea suggested by Mike Taulty, a must read blog for .Net developers. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; namespace Framework.PresentationUtility.Navigation { public interface IInjectSingleViewService : INotifyPropertyChanged { IEnumerable<CommandViewDefinition> Commands { get; } IEnumerable<ModuleViewDefinition> Modules { get; } void RegisterViewForRegion(string commandName, string viewName, string regionName, Type viewType); void ClearViewFromRegion(string viewName, string regionName); void RegisterModule(string moduleName, IList<ModuleMapper> moduleMappers); } } The Interface declares three methods to work with views: RegisterViewForRegion: Registers a view with a particular region. You can register multiple views and their regions under one command. When this particular command is invoked all the views registered under it will be loaded into their regions. ClearViewFromRegion: To unload a specific view from a region. RegisterModule: The idea is when a command is invoked you can load the UI with set of controls in their default position and based on the user interaction, you can load different contols in to different regions on the fly. And it is supported ModuleViewDefinition and ModuleMappers as shown below. namespace Framework.PresentationUtility.Navigation { public class ModuleViewDefinition { public string ModuleName { get; set; } public IList<ModuleMapper> ModuleMappers; public ICommand Command { get; set; } } public class ModuleMapper { public string ViewName { get; set; } public string RegionName { get; set; } public Type ViewType { get; set; } } } 6. Event Aggregator Prism event aggregator enables messaging between components as in Observable pattern, Notifier notifies the Observer which receives notification it is interested in. When it comes to Observable pattern, Observer has to unsubscribes for notifications when it no longer interested in notifications, which allows the Notifier to remove the Observer’s reference from it’s local cache. Though .Net has managed garbage collection it cannot remove inactive the instances referenced by an active instance resulting in memory leak, keeping the Observers in memory as long as Notifier stays in memory. Developers have to be very careful to unsubscribe when necessary and it often gets overlooked, to overcome these problems Prism Event Aggregator uses weak references to cache the reference (Observer in this case) and releases the reference (memory) once the instance goes out of scope. Using event aggregator is very simple, declare a generic type of CompositePresenationEvent by inheriting from it. using Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Events; using TaxiCommon.BAO; namespace TaxiCommon.CompositeEvents { public class TaxiOnMoveEvent:CompositePresentationEvent<TaxiOnMove> { } } TaxiOnMove.cs includes the properties which we want to exchange between the parties, FareView and TotalView. using System; namespace TaxiCommon.BAO { public class TaxiOnMove { public TimeSpan MinutesAtTweleveMPH { get; set; } public double MilesAtSixMPH { get; set; } } } Lets take a look into FareViewodel (Notifier) and how it raises the event. Here we are raising the event by getting the event through GetEvent<..>() and publishing it with the payload private void OnAddMinutes(object obj) { TaxiOnMove payload = new TaxiOnMove(); if(MilesAtSixMPH != null) payload.MilesAtSixMPH = MilesAtSixMPH.Value; if(MinutesAtTweleveMPH != null) payload.MinutesAtTweleveMPH = new TimeSpan(0,0,MinutesAtTweleveMPH.Value,0); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiOnMoveEvent>().Publish(payload); ResetMinutesAndMiles(); } And TotalViewModel(Observer) subscribes to notifications by getting the event through GetEvent<..>() namespace TaxiModules.ViewModels { public class TotalViewModel:ObservableBase { .... private IEventAggregator _eventAggregator; public TotalViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) { _eventAggregator = eventAggregator; ... } private void SubscribeToEvents() { _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiStartedEvent>() .Subscribe(OnTaxiStarted, ThreadOption.UIThread,false,(filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiOnMoveEvent>() .Subscribe(OnTaxiMove, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiResetEvent>() .Subscribe(OnTaxiReset, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); } ... private void OnTaxiMove(TaxiOnMove taxiOnMove) { OnMoveFare fare = new OnMoveFare(taxiOnMove); Fares.Add(fare); SetTotalFare(new []{fare}); } .... 7. MVVM through example In this section we are going to look into MVVM implementation through example. I have all the modules declared in a single project, TaxiModules, again it is not necessary to have them into one project. Once the user logs into the application, will be greeted with the ‘Engage the Taxi’ screen which is made of two user controls, FareView.xaml and TotalView.Xaml. As you can see from the solution explorer, each of them have their own code behind files and ViewModel classes, FareViewMode.cs, TotalViewModel.cs Lets take a look in to the FareView and how it interacts with FareViewModel using MVVM implementation. FareView.xaml acts as a view and FareViewMode.cs is it’s view model. The FareView code behind class namespace TaxiModules.Views { /// <summary> /// Interaction logic for FareView.xaml /// </summary> public partial class FareView : UserControl { public FareView(FareViewModel viewModel) { InitializeComponent(); this.Loaded += (s, e) => { this.DataContext = viewModel; }; } } } The FareView is bound to FareViewModel through the data context and you shall observe that DataContext is of type Object, i.e. the FareView doesn’t really know the type of ViewModel (FareViewModel). This helps separation of View and ViewModel as View and ViewModel are independent of each other, you can bind FareView to FareViewModel2 as well and the application compiles just fine. Lets take a look into FareView xaml file <UserControl x:Class="TaxiModules.Views.FareView" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:Toolkit="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Windows.Controls;assembly=WPFToolkit" xmlns:Commands="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Commands;assembly=Microsoft.Practices.Prism"> <Grid Margin="10" > .... <Border Style="{DynamicResource innerBorder}" Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Grid.RowSpan="11" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Panel.ZIndex="1"/> <Label Grid.Row="0" Content="Engage the Taxi" Style="{DynamicResource innerHeader}"/> <Label Grid.Row="1" Content="Select the State"/> <ComboBox Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" ItemsSource="{Binding States}" Height="auto"> <ComboBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"/> </DataTemplate> </ComboBox.ItemTemplate> <ComboBox.SelectedItem> <Binding Path="SelectedState" Mode="TwoWay"/> </ComboBox.SelectedItem> </ComboBox> <Label Grid.Row="2" Content="Select the Date of Entry"/> <Toolkit:DatePicker Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1" SelectedDate="{Binding DateOfEntry, ValidatesOnDataErrors=true}" /> <Label Grid.Row="3" Content="Enter time 24hr format"/> <TextBox Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding TimeOfEntry, TargetNullValue=''}"/> <Button Grid.Row="4" Grid.Column="1" Content="Start the Meter" Commands:Click.Command="{Binding StartMeterCommand}" /> <Label Grid.Row="5" Content="Run the Taxi" Style="{DynamicResource innerHeader}"/> <Label Grid.Row="6" Content="Number of Miles <@6mph"/> <TextBox Grid.Row="6" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding MilesAtSixMPH, TargetNullValue='', ValidatesOnDataErrors=true}"/> <Label Grid.Row="7" Content="Number of Minutes @12mph"/> <TextBox Grid.Row="7" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding MinutesAtTweleveMPH, TargetNullValue=''}"/> <Button Grid.Row="8" Grid.Column="1" Content="Add Minutes and Miles " Commands:Click.Command="{Binding AddMinutesCommand}"/> <Label Grid.Row="9" Content="Other Operations" Style="{DynamicResource innerHeader}"/> <Button Grid.Row="10" Grid.Column="1" Content="Reset the Meter" Commands:Click.Command="{Binding ResetCommand}"/> </Grid> </UserControl> The highlighted code from the above code shows data binding, for example ComboBox which displays list of states has it’s ItemsSource bound to States property, with DataTemplate bound to Name and SelectedItem to SelectedState. You might be wondering what are all these properties and how it is able to bind to them. The answer lies in data context, i.e., when you bound a control, WPF looks for data context on the root object (Grid in this case) and if it can’t find data context it will look into root’s root, i.e. FareView UserControl and it is bound to FareViewModel. Each of those properties have be declared on the ViewModel for the View to bind correctly. To put simply, View is bound to ViewModel through data context of type object and every control that is bound on the View actually binds to the public property on the ViewModel. Lets look into the ViewModel code (the following code is not an exact copy of FareViewMode.cs, pasted relevant code for this section) namespace TaxiModules.ViewModels { public class FareViewModel:ObservableBase, IDataErrorInfo { public List<USState> States { get { return USStates.StateList; } } public USState SelectedState { get { return _selectedState; } set { _selectedState = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_selectedStatePropertyName); } } public DateTime? DateOfEntry { get { return _dateOfEntry; } set { _dateOfEntry = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_dateOfEntryPropertyName); } } public TimeSpan? TimeOfEntry { get { return _timeOfEntry; } set { _timeOfEntry = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_timeOfEntryPropertyName); } } public double? MilesAtSixMPH { get { return _milesAtSixMPH; } set { _milesAtSixMPH = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_distanceAtSixMPHPropertyName); } } public int? MinutesAtTweleveMPH { get { return _minutesAtTweleveMPH; } set { _minutesAtTweleveMPH = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_minutesAtTweleveMPHPropertyName); } } public ICommand StartMeterCommand { get { if(_startMeterCommand == null) { _startMeterCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(OnStartMeter, CanStartMeter); } return _startMeterCommand; } } public ICommand AddMinutesCommand { get { if(_addMinutesCommand == null) { _addMinutesCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(OnAddMinutes, CanAddMinutes); } return _addMinutesCommand; } } public ICommand ResetCommand { get { if(_resetCommand == null) { _resetCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(OnResetCommand); } return _resetCommand; } } } private void OnStartMeter(object obj) { _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiStartedEvent>().Publish( new TaxiStarted() { EngagedOn = DateOfEntry.Value.Date + TimeOfEntry.Value, EngagedState = SelectedState.Value }); _isMeterStarted = true; OnPropertyChanged(this,null); } And views communicate user actions like button clicks, tree view item selections, etc using commands. When user clicks on ‘Start the Meter’ button it invokes the method StartMeterCommand, which calls the method OnStartMeter which publishes the event to TotalViewModel using event aggregator and TaxiStartedEvent. namespace TaxiModules.ViewModels { public class TotalViewModel:ObservableBase { ... private IEventAggregator _eventAggregator; public TotalViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) { _eventAggregator = eventAggregator; InitializePropertyNames(); InitializeModel(); SubscribeToEvents(); } public decimal? TotalFare { get { return _totalFare; } set { _totalFare = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_totalFarePropertyName); } } .... private void SubscribeToEvents() { _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiStartedEvent>().Subscribe(OnTaxiStarted, ThreadOption.UIThread,false,(filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiOnMoveEvent>().Subscribe(OnTaxiMove, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiResetEvent>().Subscribe(OnTaxiReset, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); } private void OnTaxiStarted(TaxiStarted taxiStarted) { Fares.Add(new EntryFare()); Fares.Add(new StateTaxFare(taxiStarted)); Fares.Add(new NightSurchargeFare(taxiStarted)); Fares.Add(new PeakHourWeekdayFare(taxiStarted)); SetTotalFare(Fares); } private void SetTotalFare(IEnumerable<IFare> fares) { TotalFare = (_totalFare ?? 0) + TaxiFareHelper.GetTotalFare(fares); } .... } } TotalViewModel subscribes to events, TaxiStartedEvent and rest. When TaxiStartedEvent gets invoked it calls the OnTaxiStarted method which sets the total fare which includes entry fee, state tax, nightly surcharge, peak hour weekday fare. Note that TotalViewModel derives from ObservableBase which implements the method RaisePropertyChanged which we are invoking in Set of TotalFare property, i.e, once we update the TotalFare property it raises an the event that allows the TotalFare text box to fetch the new value through the data context. ViewModel is communicating with View through data context and it has no knowledge about View, helping in loose coupling of ViewModel and View. I have attached the source code (.Net 4.0, Prism 4.0, VS 2010) , download and play with it and don’t forget to leave your comments.

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Localhost not working after installing PHP on Mountain Lion

- by zen

I've installed php using brew install php54 --with-mysql, I've set up all the path correctly. which php will give me /usr/local/bin/php php -v will give me PHP 5.4.8 (cli) (built: Nov 20 2012 09:29:31) php --ini will give me: Configuration File (php.ini) Path: /usr/local/etc/php/5.4 Loaded Configuration File: /usr/local/etc/php/5.4/php.ini Scan for additional .ini files in: /usr/local/etc/php/5.4/conf.d Additional .ini files parsed: (none) apachectl -V | grep httpd.conf will give me -D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="/private/etc/apache2/httpd.conf" I believe everything is correct, but after I restarted my apache I keep getting error Service Temporarily Unavailable The server is temporarily unable to service your request due to maintenance downtime or capacity problems. Please try again later. This is my httpd.conf file: # # This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2> for detailed information. # In particular, see # <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/directives.html> # for a discussion of each configuration directive. # # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned. # # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "log/foo_log" # with ServerRoot set to "/usr" will be interpreted by the # server as "/usr/log/foo_log". # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point # ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to point the LockFile directive # at a local disk. If you wish to share the same ServerRoot for multiple # httpd daemons, you will need to change at least LockFile and PidFile. # ServerRoot "/usr" # # Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or # ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost> # directive. # # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses. # #Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 127.0.0.1:80 # # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support # # To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used. # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need # to be loaded here. # # Example: # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so # LoadModule authn_file_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_file.so LoadModule authn_dbm_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_dbm.so LoadModule authn_anon_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_anon.so LoadModule authn_dbd_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_dbd.so LoadModule authn_default_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_default.so LoadModule authz_host_module libexec/apache2/mod_authz_host.so LoadModule authz_groupfile_module libexec/apache2/mod_authz_groupfile.so LoadModule authz_user_module libexec/apache2/mod_authz_user.so LoadModule authz_dbm_module libexec/apache2/mod_authz_dbm.so LoadModule authz_owner_module libexec/apache2/mod_authz_owner.so LoadModule authz_default_module libexec/apache2/mod_authz_default.so LoadModule auth_basic_module libexec/apache2/mod_auth_basic.so LoadModule auth_digest_module libexec/apache2/mod_auth_digest.so LoadModule cache_module libexec/apache2/mod_cache.so LoadModule disk_cache_module libexec/apache2/mod_disk_cache.so LoadModule mem_cache_module libexec/apache2/mod_mem_cache.so LoadModule dbd_module libexec/apache2/mod_dbd.so LoadModule dumpio_module libexec/apache2/mod_dumpio.so LoadModule reqtimeout_module libexec/apache2/mod_reqtimeout.so LoadModule ext_filter_module libexec/apache2/mod_ext_filter.so LoadModule include_module libexec/apache2/mod_include.so LoadModule filter_module libexec/apache2/mod_filter.so LoadModule substitute_module libexec/apache2/mod_substitute.so LoadModule deflate_module libexec/apache2/mod_deflate.so LoadModule log_config_module libexec/apache2/mod_log_config.so LoadModule log_forensic_module libexec/apache2/mod_log_forensic.so LoadModule logio_module libexec/apache2/mod_logio.so LoadModule env_module libexec/apache2/mod_env.so LoadModule mime_magic_module libexec/apache2/mod_mime_magic.so LoadModule cern_meta_module libexec/apache2/mod_cern_meta.so LoadModule expires_module libexec/apache2/mod_expires.so LoadModule headers_module libexec/apache2/mod_headers.so LoadModule ident_module libexec/apache2/mod_ident.so LoadModule usertrack_module libexec/apache2/mod_usertrack.so #LoadModule unique_id_module libexec/apache2/mod_unique_id.so LoadModule setenvif_module libexec/apache2/mod_setenvif.so LoadModule version_module libexec/apache2/mod_version.so LoadModule proxy_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy.so LoadModule proxy_connect_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_connect.so LoadModule proxy_ftp_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_ftp.so LoadModule proxy_http_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_http.so LoadModule proxy_scgi_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_scgi.so LoadModule proxy_ajp_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_ajp.so LoadModule proxy_balancer_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_balancer.so LoadModule ssl_module libexec/apache2/mod_ssl.so LoadModule mime_module libexec/apache2/mod_mime.so LoadModule dav_module libexec/apache2/mod_dav.so LoadModule status_module libexec/apache2/mod_status.so LoadModule autoindex_module libexec/apache2/mod_autoindex.so LoadModule asis_module libexec/apache2/mod_asis.so LoadModule info_module libexec/apache2/mod_info.so LoadModule cgi_module libexec/apache2/mod_cgi.so LoadModule dav_fs_module libexec/apache2/mod_dav_fs.so LoadModule vhost_alias_module libexec/apache2/mod_vhost_alias.so LoadModule negotiation_module libexec/apache2/mod_negotiation.so LoadModule dir_module libexec/apache2/mod_dir.so LoadModule imagemap_module libexec/apache2/mod_imagemap.so LoadModule actions_module libexec/apache2/mod_actions.so LoadModule speling_module libexec/apache2/mod_speling.so LoadModule userdir_module libexec/apache2/mod_userdir.so LoadModule alias_module libexec/apache2/mod_alias.so LoadModule rewrite_module libexec/apache2/mod_rewrite.so #LoadModule perl_module libexec/apache2/mod_perl.so LoadModule php5_module local/Cellar/php54/5.4.8/libexec/apache2/libphp5.so #LoadModule hfs_apple_module libexec/apache2/mod_hfs_apple.so <IfModule !mpm_netware_module> <IfModule !mpm_winnt_module> # # If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run # httpd as root initially and it will switch. # # User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as. # It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for # running httpd, as with most system services. # User _www Group _www </IfModule> </IfModule> # 'Main' server configuration # # The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main' # server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a # <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for # any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file. # # All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers, # in which case these default settings will be overridden for the # virtual host being defined. # # # ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be # e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such # as error documents. e.g. [email protected] # ServerAdmin [email protected] # # ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself. # This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify # it explicitly to prevent problems during startup. # # If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here. # #ServerName www.example.com:80 # # DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your # documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but # symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations. # DocumentRoot "/Library/WebServer/Documents" # # Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect # to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that # directory (and its subdirectories). # # First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of # features. # <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all </Directory> # # Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow # particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as # you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it # below. # # # This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to. # <Directory "/Library/WebServer/Documents"> # # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", # or any combination of: # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews # # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" # doesn't give it to you. # # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options # for more information. # Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews # # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # AllowOverride None # # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # # DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory # is requested. # <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html </IfModule> # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <FilesMatch "^\.([Hh][Tt]|[Dd][Ss]_[Ss])"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All </FilesMatch> # # Apple specific filesystem protection. # <Files "rsrc"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All </Files> <DirectoryMatch ".*\.\.namedfork"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All </DirectoryMatch> # # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog "/private/var/log/apache2/error_log" # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLevel warn <IfModule log_config_module> # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common <IfModule logio_module> # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> # # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format). # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost> # container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do* # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be # logged therein and *not* in this file. # CustomLog "/private/var/log/apache2/access_log" common # # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive. # #CustomLog "/private/var/log/apache2/access_log" combined </IfModule> <IfModule alias_module> # # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client # will make a new request for the document at its new location. # Example: # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar # # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot. # Example: # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path # # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will # require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to # the filesystem path. # # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the # client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias # directives as to Alias. # ScriptAliasMatch ^/cgi-bin/((?!(?i:webobjects)).*$) "/Library/WebServer/CGI-Executables/$1" </IfModule> <IfModule cgid_module> # # ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX # socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid. # #Scriptsock /private/var/run/cgisock </IfModule> # # "/Library/WebServer/CGI-Executables" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased # CGI directory exists, if you have that configured. # <Directory "/Library/WebServer/CGI-Executables"> AllowOverride None Options None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # # DefaultType: the default MIME type the server will use for a document # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are # text. # DefaultType text/plain <IfModule mime_module> # # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from # filename extension to MIME-type. # TypesConfig /private/etc/apache2/mime.types # # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types. # #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz # # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this. # #AddEncoding x-compress .Z #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz # # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types: # AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz # # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers": # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server # or added with the Action directive (see below) # # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories: # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.) # #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi # For type maps (negotiated resources): #AddHandler type-map var # # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client. # # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI): # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.) # #AddType text/html .shtml #AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml </IfModule> # # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the # contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located. # #MIMEMagicFile /private/etc/apache2/magic # # Customizable error responses come in three flavors: # 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects # # Some examples: #ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo." #ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html #ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl" #ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html # # # MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before # returning the entire resource, or one of the special # values 'default', 'none' or 'unlimited'. # Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges. #MaxRanges unlimited # # EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it, # memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall is used to deliver # files. This usually improves server performance, but must # be turned off when serving from networked-mounted # filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise # broken on your system. # #EnableMMAP off #EnableSendfile off # 6894961 TraceEnable off # Supplemental configuration # # The configuration files in the /private/etc/apache2/extra/ directory can be # included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of # the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as # necessary. # Server-pool management (MPM specific) Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-mpm.conf # Multi-language error messages #Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf # Fancy directory listings Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf # Language settings Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-languages.conf # User home directories Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-userdir.conf # Real-time info on requests and configuration #Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-info.conf # Virtual hosts #Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf # Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-manual.conf # Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV) #Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-dav.conf # Various default settings #Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-default.conf # Secure (SSL/TLS) connections #Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-ssl.conf # # Note: The following must must be present to support # starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent # but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl. # <IfModule ssl_module> SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed connect builtin </IfModule> Include /private/etc/apache2/other/*.conf Please help me, I've spent 2 days trying to make it work. Btw error log keep saying [Tue Nov 20 10:47:40 2012] [error] proxy: HTTP: disabled connection for (localhost) and [Tue Nov 20 11:59:32 2012] [error] (61)Connection refused: proxy: HTTP: attempt to connect to [fe80::1]:20559 (localhost) failed

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How LINQ to Object statements work

- by rajbk

This post goes into detail as to now LINQ statements work when querying a collection of objects. This topic assumes you have an understanding of how generics, delegates, implicitly typed variables, lambda expressions, object/collection initializers, extension methods and the yield statement work. I would also recommend you read my previous two posts: Using Delegates in C# Part 1 Using Delegates in C# Part 2 We will start by writing some methods to filter a collection of data. Assume we have an Employee class like so: 1: public class Employee { 2: public int ID { get; set;} 3: public string FirstName { get; set;} 4: public string LastName {get; set;} 5: public string Country { get; set; } 6: } and a collection of employees like so: 1: var employees = new List<Employee> { 2: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 3: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 4: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 5: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 6: }; Filtering We wish to find all employees that have an even ID. We could start off by writing a method that takes in a list of employees and returns a filtered list of employees with an even ID. 1: static List<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(List<Employee> employees) { 2: var filteredEmployees = new List<Employee>(); 3: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 4: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 5: filteredEmployees.Add(emp); 6: } 7: } 8: return filteredEmployees; 9: } The method can be rewritten to return an IEnumerable<Employee> using the yield return keyword. 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } We put these together in a console application. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: //No System.Linq 4: 5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 15: }; 16: var filteredEmployees = GetEmployeesWithEvenID(employees); 17: 18: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 19: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 20: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 21: } 22: 23: Console.ReadLine(); 24: } 25: 26: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 27: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 28: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 29: yield return emp; 30: } 31: } 32: } 33: } 34: 35: public class Employee { 36: public int ID { get; set;} 37: public string FirstName { get; set;} 38: public string LastName {get; set;} 39: public string Country { get; set; } 40: } Output: ID 2 First_Name Jim Last_Name Ashlock Country UK ID 4 First_Name Jill Last_Name Anderson Country AUS Our filtering method is too specific. Let us change it so that it is capable of doing different types of filtering and lets give our method the name Where ;-) We will add another parameter to our Where method. This additional parameter will be a delegate with the following declaration. public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); The idea is that the delegate parameter in our Where method will point to a method that contains the logic to do our filtering thereby freeing our Where method from any dependency. The method is shown below: 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (filter(emp)) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } Making the change to our app, we create a new instance of the Filter delegate on line 14 with a target set to the method EmployeeHasEvenId. Running the code will produce the same output. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2: 3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, filterDelegate); 16: 17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36: 37: public class Employee { 38: public int ID { get; set;} 39: public string FirstName { get; set;} 40: public string LastName {get; set;} 41: public string Country { get; set; } 42: } Lets use lambda expressions to inline the contents of the EmployeeHasEvenId method in place of the method. The next code snippet shows this change (see line 15). For brevity, the Employee class declaration has been skipped. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2: 3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 16: 17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36: The output displays the same two employees. Our Where method is too restricted since it works with a collection of Employees only. Lets change it so that it works with any IEnumerable<T>. In addition, you may recall from my previous post, that .NET 3.5 comes with a lot of predefined delegates including public delegate TResult Func<T, TResult>(T arg); We will get rid of our Filter delegate and use the one above instead. We apply these two changes to our code. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12: 13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14: 15: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 16: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 17: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 18: } 19: Console.ReadLine(); 20: } 21: 22: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 23: foreach (var x in source) { 24: if (filter(x)) { 25: yield return x; 26: } 27: } 28: } 29: } We have successfully implemented a way to filter any IEnumerable<T> based on a filter criteria. Projection Now lets enumerate on the items in the IEnumerable<Employee> we got from the Where method and copy them into a new IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>. The EmployeeFormatted class will only have a FullName and ID property. 1: public class EmployeeFormatted { 2: public int ID { get; set; } 3: public string FullName {get; set;} 4: } We could “project” our existing IEnumerable<Employee> into a new collection of IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> with the help of a new method. We will call this method Select ;-) 1: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (var emp in employees) { 3: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; 7: } 8: } The changes are applied to our app. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12: 13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees); 15: 16: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 17: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 18: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 19: } 20: Console.ReadLine(); 21: } 22: 23: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 24: foreach (var x in source) { 25: if (filter(x)) { 26: yield return x; 27: } 28: } 29: } 30: 31: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 32: foreach (var emp in employees) { 33: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 34: ID = emp.ID, 35: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 36: }; 37: } 38: } 39: } 40: 41: public class Employee { 42: public int ID { get; set;} 43: public string FirstName { get; set;} 44: public string LastName {get; set;} 45: public string Country { get; set; } 46: } 47: 48: public class EmployeeFormatted { 49: public int ID { get; set; } 50: public string FullName {get; set;} 51: } Output: ID 2 Full_Name Ashlock, Jim ID 4 Full_Name Anderson, Jill We have successfully selected employees who have an even ID and then shaped our data with the help of the Select method so that the final result is an IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>. Lets make our Select method more generic so that the user is given the freedom to shape what the output would look like. We can do this, like before, with lambda expressions. Our Select method is changed to accept a delegate as shown below. TSource will be the type of data that comes in and TResult will be the type the user chooses (shape of data) as returned from the selector delegate. 1: 2: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: yield return selector(x); 5: } 6: } We see the new changes to our app. On line 15, we use lambda expression to specify the shape of the data. In this case the shape will be of type EmployeeFormatted. 1: 2: public class Program 3: { 4: [STAThread] 5: static void Main(string[] args) 6: { 7: var employees = new List<Employee> { 8: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 12: }; 13: 14: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 15: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees, (emp) => 16: new EmployeeFormatted { 17: ID = emp.ID, 18: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 19: }); 20: 21: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 22: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 23: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 24: } 25: Console.ReadLine(); 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 29: foreach (var x in source) { 30: if (filter(x)) { 31: yield return x; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: 36: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 37: foreach (var x in source) { 38: yield return selector(x); 39: } 40: } 41: } The code outputs the same result as before. On line 14 we filter our data and on line 15 we project our data. What if we wanted to be more expressive and concise? We could combine both line 14 and 15 into one line as shown below. Assuming you had to perform several operations like this on our collection, you would end up with some very unreadable code! 1: var formattedEmployees = Select(Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0), (emp) => 2: new EmployeeFormatted { 3: ID = emp.ID, 4: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 5: }); A cleaner way to write this would be to give the appearance that the Select and Where methods were part of the IEnumerable<T>. This is exactly what extension methods give us. Extension methods have to be defined in a static class. Let us make the Select and Where extension methods on IEnumerable<T> 1: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 2: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: if (filter(x)) { 5: yield return x; 6: } 7: } 8: } 9: 10: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 11: foreach (var x in source) { 12: yield return selector(x); 13: } 14: } 15: } The creation of the extension method makes the syntax much cleaner as shown below. We can write as many extension methods as we want and keep on chaining them using this technique. 1: var formattedEmployees = employees 2: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 3: .Select (emp => new EmployeeFormatted { ID = emp.ID, FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName }); Making these changes and running our code produces the same result. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: 4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15: 16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new EmployeeFormatted { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24: 25: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32: 33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48: 49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } 55: 56: public class EmployeeFormatted { 57: public int ID { get; set; } 58: public string FullName {get; set;} 59: } Let’s change our code to return a collection of anonymous types and get rid of the EmployeeFormatted type. We see that the code produces the same output. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: 4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15: 16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24: 25: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32: 33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: public static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: public static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48: 49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } To be more expressive, C# allows us to write our extension method calls as a query expression. Line 16 can be rewritten a query expression like so: 1: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 2: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 3: select new { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; When the compiler encounters an expression like the above, it simply rewrites it as calls to our extension methods. So far we have been using our extension methods. The System.Linq namespace contains several extension methods for objects that implement the IEnumerable<T>. You can see a listing of these methods in the Enumerable class in the System.Linq namespace. Let’s get rid of our extension methods (which I purposefully wrote to be of the same signature as the ones in the Enumerable class) and use the ones provided in the Enumerable class. Our final code is shown below: 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; //Added 4: 5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 15: }; 16: 17: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 18: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 19: select new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: }; 23: 24: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 25: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 26: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 27: } 28: Console.ReadLine(); 29: } 30: } 31: 32: public class Employee { 33: public int ID { get; set;} 34: public string FirstName { get; set;} 35: public string LastName {get; set;} 36: public string Country { get; set; } 37: } 38: 39: public class EmployeeFormatted { 40: public int ID { get; set; } 41: public string FullName {get; set;} 42: } This post has shown you a basic overview of LINQ to Objects work by showning you how an expression is converted to a sequence of calls to extension methods when working directly with objects. It gets more interesting when working with LINQ to SQL where an expression tree is constructed – an in memory data representation of the expression. The C# compiler compiles these expressions into code that builds an expression tree at runtime. The provider can then traverse the expression tree and generate the appropriate SQL query. You can read more about expression trees in this MSDN article.

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The Incremental Architect’s Napkin - #5 - Design functions for extensibility and readability

- by Ralf Westphal

Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/theArchitectsNapkin/archive/2014/08/24/the-incremental-architectrsquos-napkin---5---design-functions-for.aspx The functionality of programs is entered via Entry Points. So what we´re talking about when designing software is a bunch of functions handling the requests represented by and flowing in through those Entry Points. Designing software thus consists of at least three phases: Analyzing the requirements to find the Entry Points and their signatures Designing the functionality to be executed when those Entry Points get triggered Implementing the functionality according to the design aka coding I presume, you´re familiar with phase 1 in some way. And I guess you´re proficient in implementing functionality in some programming language. But in my experience developers in general are not experienced in going through an explicit phase 2. “Designing functionality? What´s that supposed to mean?” you might already have thought. Here´s my definition: To design functionality (or functional design for short) means thinking about… well, functions. You find a solution for what´s supposed to happen when an Entry Point gets triggered in terms of functions. A conceptual solution that is, because those functions only exist in your head (or on paper) during this phase. But you may have guess that, because it´s “design” not “coding”. And here is, what functional design is not: It´s not about logic. Logic is expressions (e.g. +, -, && etc.) and control statements (e.g. if, switch, for, while etc.). Also I consider calling external APIs as logic. It´s equally basic. It´s what code needs to do in order to deliver some functionality or quality. Logic is what´s doing that needs to be done by software. Transformations are either done through expressions or API-calls. And then there is alternative control flow depending on the result of some expression. Basically it´s just jumps in Assembler, sometimes to go forward (if, switch), sometimes to go backward (for, while, do). But calling your own function is not logic. It´s not necessary to produce any outcome. Functionality is not enhanced by adding functions (subroutine calls) to your code. Nor is quality increased by adding functions. No performance gain, no higher scalability etc. through functions. Functions are not relevant to functionality. Strange, isn´t it. What they are important for is security of investment. By introducing functions into our code we can become more productive (re-use) and can increase evolvability (higher unterstandability, easier to keep code consistent). That´s no small feat, however. Evolvable code can hardly be overestimated. That´s why to me functional design is so important. It´s at the core of software development. To sum this up: Functional design is on a level of abstraction above (!) logical design or algorithmic design. Functional design is only done until you get to a point where each function is so simple you are very confident you can easily code it. Functional design an logical design (which mostly is coding, but can also be done using pseudo code or flow charts) are complementary. Software needs both. If you start coding right away you end up in a tangled mess very quickly. Then you need back out through refactoring. Functional design on the other hand is bloodless without actual code. It´s just a theory with no experiments to prove it. But how to do functional design? An example of functional design Let´s assume a program to de-duplicate strings. The user enters a number of strings separated by commas, e.g. a, b, a, c, d, b, e, c, a. And the program is supposed to clear this list of all doubles, e.g. a, b, c, d, e. There is only one Entry Point to this program: the user triggers the de-duplication by starting the program with the string list on the command line C:\>deduplicate "a, b, a, c, d, b, e, c, a" a, b, c, d, e …or by clicking on a GUI button. This leads to the Entry Point function to get called. It´s the program´s main function in case of the batch version or a button click event handler in the GUI version. That´s the physical Entry Point so to speak. It´s inevitable. What then happens is a three step process: Transform the input data from the user into a request. Call the request handler. Transform the output of the request handler into a tangible result for the user. Or to phrase it a bit more generally: Accept input. Transform input into output. Present output. This does not mean any of these steps requires a lot of effort. Maybe it´s just one line of code to accomplish it. Nevertheless it´s a distinct step in doing the processing behind an Entry Point. Call it an aspect or a responsibility - and you will realize it most likely deserves a function of its own to satisfy the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP). Interestingly the above list of steps is already functional design. There is no logic, but nevertheless the solution is described - albeit on a higher level of abstraction than you might have done yourself. But it´s still on a meta-level. The application to the domain at hand is easy, though: Accept string list from command line De-duplicate Present de-duplicated strings on standard output And this concrete list of processing steps can easily be transformed into code:static void Main(string[] args) { var input = Accept_string_list(args); var output = Deduplicate(input); Present_deduplicated_string_list(output); } Instead of a big problem there are three much smaller problems now. If you think each of those is trivial to implement, then go for it. You can stop the functional design at this point. But maybe, just maybe, you´re not so sure how to go about with the de-duplication for example. Then just implement what´s easy right now, e.g.private static string Accept_string_list(string[] args) { return args[0]; } private static void Present_deduplicated_string_list( string[] output) { var line = string.Join(", ", output); Console.WriteLine(line); } Accept_string_list() contains logic in the form of an API-call. Present_deduplicated_string_list() contains logic in the form of an expression and an API-call. And then repeat the functional design for the remaining processing step. What´s left is the domain logic: de-duplicating a list of strings. How should that be done? Without any logic at our disposal during functional design you´re left with just functions. So which functions could make up the de-duplication? Here´s a suggestion: De-duplicate Parse the input string into a true list of strings. Register each string in a dictionary/map/set. That way duplicates get cast away. Transform the data structure into a list of unique strings. Processing step 2 obviously was the core of the solution. That´s where real creativity was needed. That´s the core of the domain. But now after this refinement the implementation of each step is easy again:private static string[] Parse_string_list(string input) { return input.Split(',') .Select(s => s.Trim()) .ToArray(); } private static Dictionary<string,object> Compile_unique_strings(string[] strings) { return strings.Aggregate( new Dictionary<string, object>(), (agg, s) => { agg[s] = null; return agg; }); } private static string[] Serialize_unique_strings( Dictionary<string,object> dict) { return dict.Keys.ToArray(); } With these three additional functions Main() now looks like this:static void Main(string[] args) { var input = Accept_string_list(args); var strings = Parse_string_list(input); var dict = Compile_unique_strings(strings); var output = Serialize_unique_strings(dict); Present_deduplicated_string_list(output); } I think that´s very understandable code: just read it from top to bottom and you know how the solution to the problem works. It´s a mirror image of the initial design: Accept string list from command line Parse the input string into a true list of strings. Register each string in a dictionary/map/set. That way duplicates get cast away. Transform the data structure into a list of unique strings. Present de-duplicated strings on standard output You can even re-generate the design by just looking at the code. Code and functional design thus are always in sync - if you follow some simple rules. But about that later. And as a bonus: all the functions making up the process are small - which means easy to understand, too. So much for an initial concrete example. Now it´s time for some theory. Because there is method to this madness ;-) The above has only scratched the surface. Introducing Flow Design Functional design starts with a given function, the Entry Point. Its goal is to describe the behavior of the program when the Entry Point is triggered using a process, not an algorithm. An algorithm consists of logic, a process on the other hand consists just of steps or stages. Each processing step transforms input into output or a side effect. Also it might access resources, e.g. a printer, a database, or just memory. Processing steps thus can rely on state of some sort. This is different from Functional Programming, where functions are supposed to not be stateful and not cause side effects.[1] In its simplest form a process can be written as a bullet point list of steps, e.g. Get data from user Output result to user Transform data Parse data Map result for output Such a compilation of steps - possibly on different levels of abstraction - often is the first artifact of functional design. It can be generated by a team in an initial design brainstorming. Next comes ordering the steps. What should happen first, what next etc.? Get data from user Parse data Transform data Map result for output Output result to user That´s great for a start into functional design. It´s better than starting to code right away on a given function using TDD. Please get me right: TDD is a valuable practice. But it can be unnecessarily hard if the scope of a functionn is too large. But how do you know beforehand without investing some thinking? And how to do this thinking in a systematic fashion? My recommendation: For any given function you´re supposed to implement first do a functional design. Then, once you´re confident you know the processing steps - which are pretty small - refine and code them using TDD. You´ll see that´s much, much easier - and leads to cleaner code right away. For more information on this approach I call “Informed TDD” read my book of the same title. Thinking before coding is smart. And writing down the solution as a bunch of functions possibly is the simplest thing you can do, I´d say. It´s more according to the KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) principle than returning constants or other trivial stuff TDD development often is started with. So far so good. A simple ordered list of processing steps will do to start with functional design. As shown in the above example such steps can easily be translated into functions. Moving from design to coding thus is simple. However, such a list does not scale. Processing is not always that simple to be captured in a list. And then the list is just text. Again. Like code. That means the design is lacking visuality. Textual representations need more parsing by your brain than visual representations. Plus they are limited in their “dimensionality”: text just has one dimension, it´s sequential. Alternatives and parallelism are hard to encode in text. In addition the functional design using numbered lists lacks data. It´s not visible what´s the input, output, and state of the processing steps. That´s why functional design should be done using a lightweight visual notation. No tool is necessary to draw such designs. Use pen and paper; a flipchart, a whiteboard, or even a napkin is sufficient. Visualizing processes The building block of the functional design notation is a functional unit. I mostly draw it like this: Something is done, it´s clear what goes in, it´s clear what comes out, and it´s clear what the processing step requires in terms of state or hardware. Whenever input flows into a functional unit it gets processed and output is produced and/or a side effect occurs. Flowing data is the driver of something happening. That´s why I call this approach to functional design Flow Design. It´s about data flow instead of control flow. Control flow like in algorithms is of no concern to functional design. Thinking about control flow simply is too low level. Once you start with control flow you easily get bogged down by tons of details. That´s what you want to avoid during design. Design is supposed to be quick, broad brush, abstract. It should give overview. But what about all the details? As Robert C. Martin rightly said: “Programming is abot detail”. Detail is a matter of code. Once you start coding the processing steps you designed you can worry about all the detail you want. Functional design does not eliminate all the nitty gritty. It just postpones tackling them. To me that´s also an example of the SRP. Function design has the responsibility to come up with a solution to a problem posed by a single function (Entry Point). And later coding has the responsibility to implement the solution down to the last detail (i.e. statement, API-call). TDD unfortunately mixes both responsibilities. It´s just coding - and thereby trying to find detailed implementations (green phase) plus getting the design right (refactoring). To me that´s one reason why TDD has failed to deliver on its promise for many developers. Using functional units as building blocks of functional design processes can be depicted very easily. Here´s the initial process for the example problem: For each processing step draw a functional unit and label it. Choose a verb or an “action phrase” as a label, not a noun. Functional design is about activities, not state or structure. Then make the output of an upstream step the input of a downstream step. Finally think about the data that should flow between the functional units. Write the data above the arrows connecting the functional units in the direction of the data flow. Enclose the data description in brackets. That way you can clearly see if all flows have already been specified. Empty brackets mean “no data is flowing”, but nevertheless a signal is sent. A name like “list” or “strings” in brackets describes the data content. Use lower case labels for that purpose. A name starting with an upper case letter like “String” or “Customer” on the other hand signifies a data type. If you like, you also can combine descriptions with data types by separating them with a colon, e.g. (list:string) or (strings:string[]). But these are just suggestions from my practice with Flow Design. You can do it differently, if you like. Just be sure to be consistent. Flows wired-up in this manner I call one-dimensional (1D). Each functional unit just has one input and/or one output. A functional unit without an output is possible. It´s like a black hole sucking up input without producing any output. Instead it produces side effects. A functional unit without an input, though, does make much sense. When should it start to work? What´s the trigger? That´s why in the above process even the first processing step has an input. If you like, view such 1D-flows as pipelines. Data is flowing through them from left to right. But as you can see, it´s not always the same data. It get´s transformed along its passage: (args) becomes a (list) which is turned into (strings). The Principle of Mutual Oblivion A very characteristic trait of flows put together from function units is: no functional units knows another one. They are all completely independent of each other. Functional units don´t know where their input is coming from (or even when it´s gonna arrive). They just specify a range of values they can process. And they promise a certain behavior upon input arriving. Also they don´t know where their output is going. They just produce it in their own time independent of other functional units. That means at least conceptually all functional units work in parallel. Functional units don´t know their “deployment context”. They now nothing about the overall flow they are place in. They are just consuming input from some upstream, and producing output for some downstream. That makes functional units very easy to test. At least as long as they don´t depend on state or resources. I call this the Principle of Mutual Oblivion (PoMO). Functional units are oblivious of others as well as an overall context/purpose. They are just parts of a whole focused on a single responsibility. How the whole is built, how a larger goal is achieved, is of no concern to the single functional units. By building software in such a manner, functional design interestingly follows nature. Nature´s building blocks for organisms also follow the PoMO. The cells forming your body do not know each other. Take a nerve cell “controlling” a muscle cell for example:[2] The nerve cell does not know anything about muscle cells, let alone the specific muscel cell it is “attached to”. Likewise the muscle cell does not know anything about nerve cells, let a lone a specific nerve cell “attached to” it. Saying “the nerve cell is controlling the muscle cell” thus only makes sense when viewing both from the outside. “Control” is a concept of the whole, not of its parts. Control is created by wiring-up parts in a certain way. Both cells are mutually oblivious. Both just follow a contract. One produces Acetylcholine (ACh) as output, the other consumes ACh as input. Where the ACh is going, where it´s coming from neither cell cares about. Million years of evolution have led to this kind of division of labor. And million years of evolution have produced organism designs (DNA) which lead to the production of these different cell types (and many others) and also to their co-location. The result: the overall behavior of an organism. How and why this happened in nature is a mystery. For our software, though, it´s clear: functional and quality requirements needs to be fulfilled. So we as developers have to become “intelligent designers” of “software cells” which we put together to form a “software organism” which responds in satisfying ways to triggers from it´s environment. My bet is: If nature gets complex organisms working by following the PoMO, who are we to not apply this recipe for success to our much simpler “machines”? So my rule is: Wherever there is functionality to be delivered, because there is a clear Entry Point into software, design the functionality like nature would do it. Build it from mutually oblivious functional units. That´s what Flow Design is about. In that way it´s even universal, I´d say. Its notation can also be applied to biology: Never mind labeling the functional units with nouns. That´s ok in Flow Design. You´ll do that occassionally for functional units on a higher level of abstraction or when their purpose is close to hardware. Getting a cockroach to roam your bedroom takes 1,000,000 nerve cells (neurons). Getting the de-duplication program to do its job just takes 5 “software cells” (functional units). Both, though, follow the same basic principle. Translating functional units into code Moving from functional design to code is no rocket science. In fact it´s straightforward. There are two simple rules: Translate an input port to a function. Translate an output port either to a return statement in that function or to a function pointer visible to that function. The simplest translation of a functional unit is a function. That´s what you saw in the above example. Functions are mutually oblivious. That why Functional Programming likes them so much. It makes them composable. Which is the reason, nature works according to the PoMO. Let´s be clear about one thing: There is no dependency injection in nature. For all of an organism´s complexity no DI container is used. Behavior is the result of smooth cooperation between mutually oblivious building blocks. Functions will often be the adequate translation for the functional units in your designs. But not always. Take for example the case, where a processing step should not always produce an output. Maybe the purpose is to filter input. Here the functional unit consumes words and produces words. But it does not pass along every word flowing in. Some words are swallowed. Think of a spell checker. It probably should not check acronyms for correctness. There are too many of them. Or words with no more than two letters. Such words are called “stop words”. In the above picture the optionality of the output is signified by the astrisk outside the brackets. It means: Any number of (word) data items can flow from the functional unit for each input data item. It might be none or one or even more. This I call a stream of data. Such behavior cannot be translated into a function where output is generated with return. Because a function always needs to return a value. So the output port is translated into a function pointer or continuation which gets passed to the subroutine when called:[3]void filter_stop_words( string word, Action<string> onNoStopWord) { if (...check if not a stop word...) onNoStopWord(word); } If you want to be nitpicky you might call such a function pointer parameter an injection. And technically you´re right. Conceptually, though, it´s not an injection. Because the subroutine is not functionally dependent on the continuation. Firstly continuations are procedures, i.e. subroutines without a return type. Remember: Flow Design is about unidirectional data flow. Secondly the name of the formal parameter is chosen in a way as to not assume anything about downstream processing steps. onNoStopWord describes a situation (or event) within the functional unit only. Translating output ports into function pointers helps keeping functional units mutually oblivious in cases where output is optional or produced asynchronically. Either pass the function pointer to the function upon call. Or make it global by putting it on the encompassing class. Then it´s called an event. In C# that´s even an explicit feature.class Filter { public void filter_stop_words( string word) { if (...check if not a stop word...) onNoStopWord(word); } public event Action<string> onNoStopWord; } When to use a continuation and when to use an event dependens on how a functional unit is used in flows and how it´s packed together with others into classes. You´ll see examples further down the Flow Design road. Another example of 1D functional design Let´s see Flow Design once more in action using the visual notation. How about the famous word wrap kata? Robert C. Martin has posted a much cited solution including an extensive reasoning behind his TDD approach. So maybe you want to compare it to Flow Design. The function signature given is:string WordWrap(string text, int maxLineLength) {...} That´s not an Entry Point since we don´t see an application with an environment and users. Nevertheless it´s a function which is supposed to provide a certain functionality. The text passed in has to be reformatted. The input is a single line of arbitrary length consisting of words separated by spaces. The output should consist of one or more lines of a maximum length specified. If a word is longer than a the maximum line length it can be split in multiple parts each fitting in a line. Flow Design Let´s start by brainstorming the process to accomplish the feat of reformatting the text. What´s needed? Words need to be assembled into lines Words need to be extracted from the input text The resulting lines need to be assembled into the output text Words too long to fit in a line need to be split Does sound about right? I guess so. And it shows a kind of priority. Long words are a special case. So maybe there is a hint for an incremental design here. First let´s tackle “average words” (words not longer than a line). Here´s the Flow Design for this increment: The the first three bullet points turned into functional units with explicit data added. As the signature requires a text is transformed into another text. See the input of the first functional unit and the output of the last functional unit. In between no text flows, but words and lines. That´s good to see because thereby the domain is clearly represented in the design. The requirements are talking about words and lines and here they are. But note the asterisk! It´s not outside the brackets but inside. That means it´s not a stream of words or lines, but lists or sequences. For each text a sequence of words is output. For each sequence of words a sequence of lines is produced. The asterisk is used to abstract from the concrete implementation. Like with streams. Whether the list of words gets implemented as an array or an IEnumerable is not important during design. It´s an implementation detail. Does any processing step require further refinement? I don´t think so. They all look pretty “atomic” to me. And if not… I can always backtrack and refine a process step using functional design later once I´ve gained more insight into a sub-problem. Implementation The implementation is straightforward as you can imagine. The processing steps can all be translated into functions. Each can be tested easily and separately. Each has a focused responsibility. And the process flow becomes just a sequence of function calls: Easy to understand. It clearly states how word wrapping works - on a high level of abstraction. And it´s easy to evolve as you´ll see. Flow Design - Increment 2 So far only texts consisting of “average words” are wrapped correctly. Words not fitting in a line will result in lines too long. Wrapping long words is a feature of the requested functionality. Whether it´s there or not makes a difference to the user. To quickly get feedback I decided to first implement a solution without this feature. But now it´s time to add it to deliver the full scope. Fortunately Flow Design automatically leads to code following the Open Closed Principle (OCP). It´s easy to extend it - instead of changing well tested code. How´s that possible? Flow Design allows for extension of functionality by inserting functional units into the flow. That way existing functional units need not be changed. The data flow arrow between functional units is a natural extension point. No need to resort to the Strategy Pattern. No need to think ahead where extions might need to be made in the future. I just “phase in” the remaining processing step: Since neither Extract words nor Reformat know of their environment neither needs to be touched due to the “detour”. The new processing step accepts the output of the existing upstream step and produces data compatible with the existing downstream step. Implementation - Increment 2 A trivial implementation checking the assumption if this works does not do anything to split long words. The input is just passed on: Note how clean WordWrap() stays. The solution is easy to understand. A developer looking at this code sometime in the future, when a new feature needs to be build in, quickly sees how long words are dealt with. Compare this to Robert C. Martin´s solution:[4] How does this solution handle long words? Long words are not even part of the domain language present in the code. At least I need considerable time to understand the approach. Admittedly the Flow Design solution with the full implementation of long word splitting is longer than Robert C. Martin´s. At least it seems. Because his solution does not cover all the “word wrap situations” the Flow Design solution handles. Some lines would need to be added to be on par, I guess. But even then… Is a difference in LOC that important as long as it´s in the same ball park? I value understandability and openness for extension higher than saving on the last line of code. Simplicity is not just less code, it´s also clarity in design. But don´t take my word for it. Try Flow Design on larger problems and compare for yourself. What´s the easier, more straightforward way to clean code? And keep in mind: You ain´t seen all yet ;-) There´s more to Flow Design than described in this chapter. In closing I hope I was able to give you a impression of functional design that makes you hungry for more. To me it´s an inevitable step in software development. Jumping from requirements to code does not scale. And it leads to dirty code all to quickly. Some thought should be invested first. Where there is a clear Entry Point visible, it´s functionality should be designed using data flows. Because with data flows abstraction is possible. For more background on why that´s necessary read my blog article here. For now let me point out to you - if you haven´t already noticed - that Flow Design is a general purpose declarative language. It´s “programming by intention” (Shalloway et al.). Just write down how you think the solution should work on a high level of abstraction. This breaks down a large problem in smaller problems. And by following the PoMO the solutions to those smaller problems are independent of each other. So they are easy to test. Or you could even think about getting them implemented in parallel by different team members. Flow Design not only increases evolvability, but also helps becoming more productive. All team members can participate in functional design. This goes beyon collective code ownership. We´re talking collective design/architecture ownership. Because with Flow Design there is a common visual language to talk about functional design - which is the foundation for all other design activities. PS: If you like what you read, consider getting my ebook “The Incremental Architekt´s Napkin”. It´s where I compile all the articles in this series for easier reading. I like the strictness of Function Programming - but I also find it quite hard to live by. And it certainly is not what millions of programmers are used to. Also to me it seems, the real world is full of state and side effects. So why give them such a bad image? That´s why functional design takes a more pragmatic approach. State and side effects are ok for processing steps - but be sure to follow the SRP. Don´t put too much of it into a single processing step. ? Image taken from www.physioweb.org ? My code samples are written in C#. C# sports typed function pointers called delegates. Action is such a function pointer type matching functions with signature void someName(T t). Other languages provide similar ways to work with functions as first class citizens - even Java now in version 8. I trust you find a way to map this detail of my translation to your favorite programming language. I know it works for Java, C++, Ruby, JavaScript, Python, Go. And if you´re using a Functional Programming language it´s of course a no brainer. ? Taken from his blog post “The Craftsman 62, The Dark Path”. ?

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