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  • OpenSSL x509 Purpose flag "Any Purpose" What is this?

    - by Nick
    Looking at the details of a certificate using the following: openssl x509 -noout -text -purpose -in mycert.pem I find a bunch of purpose flags (which I've discovered are set by the various extensions attached to a certificate). One of these purpose flags is "Any Purpose". I can't seem to find ANY documentation on this flag and why or why not it is set. Do any of you know where I can find more information on this purpose and what it means? Thanks,

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  • Can I use my existing SSL certificates on a new server with Plesk?

    - by Wil
    We are migrating to a Virtual Private Server running on Ubuntu 8.04 LTS and with a Plesk configuration panel. We have some valid SSL certificates on the old server, which I would like to use on the new configuration. I have the CSR, private key, certificate and CA-certificate. I cannot find a way to change the CSR and private key in the Plesk configuration panel. Anyone know, if this is possible and how?

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  • What is this warning message all about?

    - by brilliant
    Why is it so that every time when i start "FireFox", this message pops up: advisordb.wmtransfer.com: 443 uses an invalid security cetificate. The certificate is not trusted because the issuer certificate is not trusted. (Error code: sec_error_untrusted_issuer) I guess it has to do with "WebMoney" that I had installed on my computer. But I have already uninstalled it, yet this message still pops up.

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  • OpenSSL x509 Purpose flag "Any Purpose" What is this?

    - by Nick
    Looking at the details of a certificate using the following: openssl x509 -noout -text -purpose -in mycert.pem I find a bunch of purpose flags (which I've discovered are set by the various extensions attached to a certificate). One of these purpose flags is "Any Purpose". I can't seem to find ANY documentation on this flag and why or why not it is set. Do any of you know where I can find more information on this purpose and what it means? Thanks,

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  • How to update cURL CA bundle on RedHat?

    - by Andrew
    I am running into issues where the CA bundle that has been bundled with my version of cURL is outdated. curl: (60) SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details: error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed More details here: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html Reading through the documentation didn't help me because I didn't understand what I needed to do or how to do it. I am running RedHat and need to update the CA bundle. What do I need to do to update my CA bundle on RedHat?

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  • cURL or SSL problems, how to solve?

    - by deadman
    I keep getting this error: No cURL data returned for https://XXX.XXXX.XXX:XXXX [0] SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details: error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed I am not sure, or I could say, I dont know what is this problem. And how to solve this? Please help!

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  • Apache certificates for some urls not working

    - by Vegaasen
    We are having a rather strange problem with a Apache-installation. Here is a short summary: Currently I'm setting up Apache with https, and server-certificates. This is fairly easy and works straight out of the box - as expected. This is the configuration for this setup: Listen 443 SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile "/progs/apache/ssl/example-site.no.pem" SSLCertificateKeyFile "/progs/apache/ssl/example-site.no.key" SSLCACertificateFile "/progs/apache/ssl/ca/example_root.pem" SSLCADNRequestFile "/progs/apache/ssl/ca/example_intermediate.pem" SSLVerifyClient none SSLVerifyDepth 3 SSLOptions +StdEnvVars +ExportCertData RequestHeader set ssl-ClientCert-Subject-CN "%{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN}s" RewriteEngine On ProxyPreserveHost On ProxyRequests On SSLProxyEngine On ... <LocationMatch /secureStuff/$> SSLVerifyClient require Order deny,allow Allow from All </LocationMatch> ... <Proxy balancer://exBalancer> Header add Set-Cookie "EX_ROUTE=EB.%{BALANCER_WORKER_ROUTE}e; path=/" env=BALANCER_ROUTE_CHANGED BalancerMember http://10.0.0.1:7200 route=ee1 retry=300 flushpackets=off keepalive=on BalancerMember http://10.0.0.2:7200 route=ee2 retry=300 flushpackets=off keepalive=on status=+H ProxySet stickysession=EX_ROUTE scolonpathdelim=Off timeout=10 nofailover=off failonstatus=505 maxattempts=1 lbmethod=bybusyness Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/index.html [NC] RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ balancer://exBalancer/$1 [P,NC] ProxyPassReverse / balancer://exBalancer/ Header edit Set-Cookie "(.*)" "$1;HttpsOnly" ... So - everything works fine and as expected for all of the pages that are not a part of the LocationMatch-directive. When requesting something that matches the LocationMatch-directive, I'm asked for a certificate (hence the SSLVerifyClient required attribute) - and getting all the correct certificates in my browser that is based on the root/intermediate chain. After choosing a certificate and clicking "OK", this is what pops up in the apache logs: [ssl:info] [pid 9530:tid 25] [client :43357] AH01998: Connection closed to child 86 with abortive shutdown ( [Thu Oct 11 09:27:36.221876 2012] [ssl:debug] [pid 9530:tid 25] ssl_engine_io.c(1171): (70014)End of file found: [client 10.235.128.55:45846] AH02007: SSL handshake interrupted by system [Hint: Stop button pressed in browser?!] And this just spams the logs. What is happening here? I can see this configuration working on my local machine, but not on one of our servers. There is no configration differences between the servers, only minor application-wise-changes. I've tried the following: 1) Removing CA-certificate-checking (works) 2) Adding required CA-certificate for the whole site (works) 3) Adding "SSLVerifyClient optional" does not work 4) ++ Server/Application Information Local: -OpenSSL v.1.0.1x -Apache 2.4.3 -Ubuntu -mpm: event -every configuration should be turned on (failing) server: -OpenSSL 0.9.8e -Apache 2.4.2 -SunOS -mpm: worker -every configuration should be turned on Please let me know if more information is needed, I'll provide it instantly. Brief sum-up: -Running apache 2.4 -Server certificates works just fine -Client certificates for some /Locations does not work, fails with errors PS: Could it be related with the OpenSSL version and the "Renegotiation" stuff related to TLS/SSLv3?

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  • Plesk SSL Certificate (Default cert when SSL enabled, CORRECT cert when SSL is disabled)

    - by hztetra
    I'm running Plesk 8.6.0: I have an SSL cert installed through Plesk's admin interface. But I have a bit of an issue: When I enabled SSL for the site, and selected my cert, then restart httpd, Plesk defaults to using my self-signed default certificate. Conversely, when I disable SSL support for the domain, all of a sudden Plesk is using my new SSL certificate. Unfortunately, when I try to view any folder on the site (mydomain.tld/folder) I'm simply met with a 404 (with files placed both in httpdocs and httpsdocs). I switch SSL support back on, and Plesk defaults back to the default self-signed cert and I can then view the folders that were not previously accessible. Any ideas? One further note: I tried following http://kb.parallels.com/en/939 . Once I tried to restart httpd with the edited ssl.conf file, I received an httpd could not start error. I restored the original ssl.conf file, and still received the could not start error. So as of now, I am running without an ssl.conf file. The following is the error I receive when I attempt to reintroduce ssl.conf: Starting httpd: [Mon Aug 23 15:45:40 2010] [warn] module ssl_module is already loaded, skipping (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:443 no listening sockets available, shutting down Unable to open logs

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  • CC.NET + SVN : Server certificate issue

    - by MSI
    I am trying to setup Continuous Integration in our office. Being a puny little developer I am facing this supposedly infamous problem: " Source control operation failed: svn: OPTIONS of 'https://trunkURL': Server certificate verification failed: issuer is not trusted" So I tried the following solution - Run CC.NET service (server running as win service) using a domain account (rather than default LOCAL SYSTEMS) and accept cert permanently using command prompt under that user by using svn log/list on the repo. Doesn't help :(. I am getting the following from my artifact/log files(or dashboard) ThoughtWorks.CruiseControl.Core.CruiseControlException: Source control operation failed: svn: OPTIONS of 'https://TrunkURL': Server certificate verification failed: issuer is not trusted (https://ServerAdd) . Process command: E:\(svn.exe Path) log https://TrunkURL -r "{2010-11-08T02:12:20Z}:{2010-11-08T02:13:21Z}" --verbose --xml --no-auth-cache --non-interactive at ThoughtWorks.CruiseControl.Core.Sourcecontrol.ProcessSourceControl.Execute(ProcessInfo processInfo) at ThoughtWorks.CruiseControl.Core.Sourcecontrol.Svn.GetModifications(IIntegrationResult from, IIntegrationResult to) at ThoughtWorks.CruiseControl.Core.Sourcecontrol.QuietPeriod.GetModificationsWithLogging(ISourceControl sc, IIntegrationResult from, IIntegrationResult to) at ThoughtWorks.CruiseControl.Core.Sourcecontrol.QuietPeriod.GetModifications(ISourceControl sourceControl, IIntegrationResult lastBuild, IIntegrationResult thisBuild) at ThoughtWorks.CruiseControl.Core.IntegrationRunner.GetModifications(IIntegrationResult from, IIntegrationResult to) at ThoughtWorks.CruiseControl.Core.IntegrationRunner.Integrate(IntegrationRequest request) We are using VisualSVN Server and CC.NET for this adventure. Tips, suggestions will be highly appreciated. Thanks

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  • x509 certificate verification in C

    - by sid
    Hi All, I do have certificates in DER and PEM format, My goal is to retrieve the fields of Issuer and Subject And verify the Certificate with the CA public key and simultaneously verify CA certificate with the Root public key. I am able to retrieve all the details of issuer and subject But unable to verify the certificate. Please help. The API's used, x509 = d2i_X509_fp (fp, &x509); //READING DER Format x509 = PEM_read_X509 (fp, &x509, NULL, NULL); //READING PEM Format X509_NAME_oneline(X509_get_subject_name(x509), subject, sizeof (subject)); //to retrive the Subject X509_NAME_oneline(X509_get_issuer_name(x509), issuer, sizeof (issuer)); //to retrive the Issuer // to store the CA public key (in unsigned char *key)that will be used to verify the certificate (My case Always sha1WithRSAEncryption) RSA *x = X509_get_pubkey(x509)->pkey.rsa; bn = x->n; //extracts the bytes from public key & convert into unsigned char buffer buf_len = (size_t) BN_num_bytes (bn); stored_CA_pubKey = (unsigned char *)malloc (buf_len); i_n = BN_bn2bin (bn, (unsigned char *)stored_CA_pubKey); if (i_n != buf_len) LOG(ERROR," : key error\n"); if (key[0] & 0x80) LOG(DEBUG, "00\n"); stored_CA_pubKeyLen = EVP_PKEY_size(X509_get_pubkey(x509)); For Verification I went through different approaches but unable to verify a) i_x509_verify = X509_verify(cert_x509, ca_pubkey); b) /* verify the signature */ int iRet1, iRet2, iReason; iRet1 = EVP_VerifyInit(&md_ctx, EVP_sha1()); iRet2 = EVP_VerifyUpdate(&md_ctx, cert_code, cert_code_len); rv = EVP_VerifyFinal(&md_ctx, (const unsigned char *)stored_CA_pubKey, stored_CA_pubKeyLen, cert_pubkey); NOTE : cert_code & stored_CA_pubKey is unsigned char buffer. Thanks in Advance

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  • Sending Client Certificate in HttpWebRequest

    - by Aaron Fischer
    I am trying to pass a client certificate to a server using the code below however I still revive the HTTP Error 403.7 - Forbidden: SSL client certificate is required. What are the possible reasons the HttpWebRequest would not send the client certificate? var clientCertificate = new X509Certificate2( @"C:\Development\TestClient.pfx", "bob" ); HttpWebRequest tRequest = ( HttpWebRequest )WebRequest.Create( "https://ofxtest.com/ofxr.dll" ); tRequest.ClientCertificates.Add( clientCertificate ); tRequest.PreAuthenticate = true; tRequest.KeepAlive = true; tRequest.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials; tRequest.Method = "POST"; var encoder = new ASCIIEncoding(); var requestData = encoder.GetBytes( "<OFX></OFX>" ); tRequest.GetRequestStream().Write( requestData, 0, requestData.Length ); tRequest.GetRequestStream().Close(); ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = new System.Net.Security.RemoteCertificateValidationCallback( CertPolicy.ValidateServerCertificate ); WriteResponse( tRequest.GetResponse() );

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  • Clickonce intranet application trust

    - by Mark
    Hi, we have a VSTO outlook add-in we'd like to silently deploy to everyone via AD. I'm signing the App with a "Code signing" certificate (requested certmgr from AD). If I add this certificate to my Trusted Publishers, then I can silently install the signed app via the VSTOInstaller.exe (with the /S switch). We don't want to have to install my certificate as a trusted publisher on everyone's machine - we'd like to be able to say that any code signed by a certificate issued within our AD is trusted. Is there some way to do this?

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  • help setting up wsHttpBinding WCF service on .net

    - by manu1001
    I'm trying to host a WCF service with wsHttpBinding. I created a certificate using makecert and put some lines in web.config. This is the error that I'm getting: System.ArgumentException: The certificate 'CN=WCfServer' must have a private key that is capable of key exchange. The process must have access rights for the private key. On googling up it seems to be some issue with access rights on the certificate file. I used cacls to give read permission to NETWORK SERVICE and also my username but it didn't change anything. I also went to security settings in the properties of the certificate file and gave full control to NETWORK SERVICE and my username. Again to no avail. Can you guide me as to what the problem is and what exactly I need to do? I'm really flaky with these certificate things. Here's my web.config: <system.serviceModel> <services> <service name="Abc.Service" behaviorConfiguration="Abc.ServiceBehavior"> <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="Abc.BindConfig" contract="Abc.IService"> <identity> <dns value="localhost"/> </identity> </endpoint> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"/> </service> </services> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="Abc.ServiceBehavior"> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false"/> <serviceCredentials> <clientCertificate> <authentication certificateValidationMode="PeerTrust"/> </clientCertificate> <serviceCertificate findValue="WCfServer" storeLocation="CurrentUser" storeName="My" x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" /> </serviceCredentials> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <bindings> <wsHttpBinding> <binding name="Abc.BindConfig"> <security mode="Message"> <message clientCredentialType="Certificate" /> </security> </binding> </wsHttpBinding> </bindings> </system.serviceModel>

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  • SSL certificates work fine from command line but fails in script

    - by jrallison
    I'm trying to setup email notifications for my continuous integration server. I have a script which uses nail to send the email when the build works: #!/bin/bash echo "Build Worked!" | nail -A myisp -s 'Build Success' [email protected] When I run this from the command line with sh build-worked, it works and I receive the email. However, when I start the continuous integration server which executes the same script, I get the following error: nail: /opt/bitnami/common/lib/libssl.so.0.9.8: no version information available (required by nail) nail: /opt/bitnami/common/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8: no version information available (required by nail) Error with certificate at depth: 0 issuer = /C=ZA/ST=Western Cape/L=Cape Town/O=Thawte Consulting cc/OU=Certification Services Division/CN=Thawte Premium Server CA/[email protected] subject = /C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google Inc/CN=smtp.gmail.com err 20: unable to get local issuer certificate Continue (y/n)? could not initiate SSL/TLS connection: error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed . . . message not sent. I must be messing some configuration, any ideas?

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  • File not found on RSACryptoServiceProvider, service account permissions?

    - by Ben Scheirman
    Our web service wraps around a third party library that contains the following code. We are using an Active Directory service account in the IIS 6 app pool (no interactive login abilities). Our service fails with the error “The system cannot find the file specified”. We’ve traced the error to the “RSACryptoServiceProvider provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();”. The third party assembly depends on a x509 file based certificate for its encryption process and the Service Account has Read / Write access to the keys folder. Additionally, the service account has Read, Write, Modify rights to “C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys”. Code: StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(publicKeyData); builder.Replace("-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----", ""); builder.Replace("-----END CERTIFICATE-----", ""); X509Certificate2 certificate = new X509Certificate2( Convert.FromBase64String(builder.ToString())); string xmlString = certificate.PublicKey.Key.ToXmlString(false); RSACryptoServiceProvider provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(); //BOOM CspKeyContainerInfo containerInfo = provider.CspKeyContainerInfo; provider.PersistKeyInCsp = false; provider.FromXmlString(xmlString); loadedKeys.Add(key, provider); provider2 = provider; We cracked open FileMon and noticed that there is a FILE NOT FOUND for that AppPool, followed by another SUCCESS for the same exact file. I'm out of my element here, anybody have an idea as to why we're seeing this?

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  • How can I sign an ActiveX control with a code signing certificate and be a verified publisher?

    - by davidcl
    I'm trying to sing an ActiveX control with a code signing certificate issued by Thawte. I was able to successfully sign the control using signtool.exe. When I look at the file properties, it says "The certificate in the signature cannot be verified." When I view the certificate it says "Windows does not have enough information to verify the certificate." On the certification path tab, it says "The issuer of this certificate cannot be found." In internet explorer, the certificate is recognized as signed but the user receives warnings that the publisher is not verified. I've tried creating a single PFX file containing my certificate along with the root and intermediate certificates that chain to my Thawte developer certificate, and then re-signing the control using that PFX file. No dice. Any suggestions?

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  • GoDaddy SSL on Shared Hosting

    - by Jon
    So I'm very new to using SSL certificates and I have been trying to install one on a site for a client. He is using shared hosting for multiple domains through GoDaddy, and the site we're working on is not the primary domain. He purchased a UCC certificate for multiple domains and I installed it on the shared hosting account. My thought was that since the domains were under the same hosting account, then they would each be protected under the certificate. This was not the case...apparently. I checked both domains with an SSL checker and the primary domain checked out. The domain that we wanted the SSL on showed the following errors: None of the common names in the certificate match the name that was entered (www.CLIENTDOMAIN.com). You may receive an error when accessing this site in a web browser. I'm not sure how to fix this. It was just purchased yesterday, so if necessary, I guess I could un-install it or re-key it (???). Is there a way to just change the common name to www.CLIENTDOMAIN.com (the correct domain)?

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  • IE8 error with Certificate

    - by Jon B
    I have installed a certificate with multiple Common Names on a Red Hat server in the jks format. The web page can be accessed with Firefox and the certificate gets imported. However, IE8 gives the error "Internet Explorer cannot display the webpage". I added the cert with MMC and its properties shows "This certificate has an nonvalid digital signature.". Also the cert doesn't have the URL of the web page in it. The cert does have a valid signature in Firefox and the URL mismatch is ignored. How can I get IE8 to accept it. This cert is required for another Application (where it works fine) and cannot be changed except to change the format. I already have it in PKCS12, jks and pem formats.

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  • SSL certificates work fine from command line but fail in script

    - by jrallison
    I'm trying to setup email notifications for my continuous integration server. I have a script which uses nail to send the email when the build works: #!/bin/bash echo "Build Worked!" | nail -A myisp -s 'Build Success' [email protected] When I run this from the command line with sh build-worked, it works and I receive the email. However, when I start the continuous integration server which executes the same script, I get the following error: nail: /opt/bitnami/common/lib/libssl.so.0.9.8: no version information available (required by nail) nail: /opt/bitnami/common/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8: no version information available (required by nail) Error with certificate at depth: 0 issuer = /C=ZA/ST=Western Cape/L=Cape Town/O=Thawte Consulting cc/OU=Certification Services Division/CN=Thawte Premium Server CA/[email protected] subject = /C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google Inc/CN=smtp.gmail.com err 20: unable to get local issuer certificate Continue (y/n)? could not initiate SSL/TLS connection: error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed . . . message not sent. I must be messing some configuration, any ideas?

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  • SSL Returning Blank Page, No Catalina Errors

    - by Mr.Peabody
    This is my second, maybe third, time configuring SSL with Tomcat. Earlier I had created a self signed, which worked, and now using my signed is proving fruitless. I am using Tomcat, operating from the Amazon Linux API. When using the signed cert/keystore, my server is starting normally without errors. However, when trying to navigate to the domain it is giving me an "ERR_SSL_VERSION_OR_CIPHER_MISMATCH" error. My server.xml file looks as follows: <Connector port="8443" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75" enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true" acceptCount="100" scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" keystoreFile="/home/ec2-user/.keystore/starchild.jks" keystorePass="d6b5385812252f180b961aa3630df504" /> It couldn't hurt to also mention that I'm using a wildcard certificate. Please let me know if anything looks amiss! EDIT: After looking more into this, I've determined there may be nothing is wrong with the Server.xml, or the listening ports. This is becoming more of an actual certificate error, as the curl request is giving me this error: curl: (35) Unknown SSL protocol error in connection to jira.mywebsite.com:-9824 Though, I can't seem to figure out what the "-9824" is. When comparing this curl to another similar setup (using the same Wildcard Certificate) it's turning up the full handshake, which is to be expected. I believe this is now between the protocol/cypher set default on JIRA servers.

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  • Creating a Cerificate for Bouncy Castle Encryption

    - by Gordon
    I am trying to create a self-signed certificate to use for encrypting an email using bouncycaste. What would be the best way to generate a certificate? I have tried using openssl but I have had problems with certificate. Here is the code I am using to encrypt, I am using 3des. SMIMEEnvelopedGenerator gen = new SMIMEEnvelopedGenerator(); gen.addKeyTransRecipient(x509Cert); // adds an X509Certificate MimeBodyPart encData = gen.generate(mimeBodyPart, SMIMEEnvelopedGenerator.DES_EDE3_CBC, "BC");

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  • SSL Connection Error

    - by toffee.beanns
    I have purchased a comodo ssl cert and have submitted the Certificate Signing Request (CSR) generated by my server to the ssl management site. With the 3 files it returned me with, - AddTrustExternalCARoot.crt - PositiveSSLCA2.crt - www_mydomainname_com.crt I have uploaded them to my /etc/ssl/ssl-certs folder and have updated my virtual host in my sites-available and restarted accordingly. NameVirtualHost 107.167.120.195:80 #sample ip address NameVirtualHost 107.167.120.195:443 #sample ip address ......... #normal http virtual host (working well) <VirtualHost 107.167.120.195:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName mydomainname.com ServerAlias www.mydomainname.com DocumentRoot /var/www/mydomainname SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/ssl-certs/www_mydomainname.com.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/ssl-certs/server.key SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/ssl/ssl-certs/PositiveSSLCA2.crt </VirtualHost> I have also enabled ran 'a2enmod ssl' and it's enabled. This is the error I get when I access the webpage https in chrome: SSL connection error Error code: ERR_SSL_PROTOCOL_ERROR Unable to make a secure connection to the server. This may be a problem with the server, or it may be requiring a client authentication certificate that you don't have. I have also checked out my apache log files and there seems to be an error saying that the Common Name (CN) is not the same as the server. RSA server certificate CommonName (CN) `www.mydomainname.com' does NOT match server name!? and Invalid method in request \x16\x03\x01 What should I do?

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  • Which parts of the client certificate to use when uniquely identifying users?

    - by miha
    I'm designing a system where users will be able to register and afterward authenticate with client certificates in addition to username/password authentication. The client certificates will have to be valid certificates issued by a configured list of certificate authorities and will be checked (validated) when presented. In the registration phase, I need to store part(s) of the client certificate in a user repository (DB, LDAP, whatever) so that I can map the user who authenticates with client certificate to an internal "user". One fairly obvious choice would be to use certificate fingerprint; But fingerprint itself is not enough, since collisions may occur (even though they're not probable), so we need to store additional information from the certificate. This SO question is also informative in this regard. RFC 2459 defines (4.1.2.2) that certificate serial number must be unique within a given CA. With all of this combined, I'm thinking of storing certificate serial number and certificate issuer for each registered user. Given that client certificates will be verified and valid, this should uniquely identify each client certificate. That way, even when client certificate is renewed, it would still be valid (serial number stays the same, and so does the issuer). Did I miss something?

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