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• Adding an ADO.NET Entity Data Model throws build errors

  - by user3726262

  I am using Visual Studio 2013 express. I create a new project and then I add a database to that project. But, when I add an ADO.NET Entity Framework model to that project and then run the program, I get the following four build errors listed below. To try to remedy this myself, I added the namespaces 'System.Data.Entity' and 'System.Data.Entity.Design', but that didn't help. Also, I uninstalled and re-installed the Nuget package. I also uninstalled and re-installed Visual Studio 2013 Express for Windows Desktop. But these measures didn't help the situation either. Please note that I used to use the Entity Data model just fine. But it was around the time that I did a system restore on my computer, and when I updated VS 2013 with an update offered on the start page, and finally, when I signed up for MS Azure, that I started running into the problem described above. Now I would think that uninstalling and reinstalling Visual Studio 2013, and then installing the 'Nuget' Package would solve all problems. What am I missing here? The errors mentioned above are: Error 1 The type or namespace name 'Infrastructure' does not exist in the namespace 'System.Data.Entity' (are you missing an assembly reference?) C:\Users\John\documents\visual studio 2013\Projects\Riches\Riches\RichesModel.Context.cs 14 30 DataLayer Error 2 The type or namespace name 'DbContext' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) C:\Users\John\documents\visual studio 2013\Projects\Riches\Riches\RichesModel.Context.cs 16 52 DataLayer Error 3 The type or namespace name 'DbModelBuilder' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) C:\Users\John\documents\visual studio 2013\Projects\Riches\Riches\RichesModel.Context.cs 23 49 DataLayer Error 4 The type or namespace name 'DbSet' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) C:\Users\John\documents\visual studio 2013\Projects\Riches\Riches\RichesModel.Context.cs 28 16 DataLayer Thank you and I realize that my last attempt at this question was rather rough-draftish, John

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• ASP.NET error on Bitmap.Save "Exception (0x80004005): A generic error occurred in GDI+."

  - by Batu

  Hi, I have a function which first reads an image from disk, resizes it and then saves to another directory. when i use the Bitmap.Save(directory + theimagename) it returns the error as i stated in the question title. i checked the directory is right, and the given image name doesn't exist in that dir. what is weird, is that the same code works great on the local machine. but when i upload it to my shared server. it just doesn't work. the code is below. bmpOut = new Bitmap(Size, Size); Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmpOut); g.InterpolationMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic; g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, 0, 0, Size, Size); int topBottomPadding = 0; int leftRightPadding = 0; if (Size > lnNewWidth + 1) leftRightPadding = Convert.ToInt32((Size - lnNewWidth) / 2); else if (Size > lnNewHeight + 1) topBottomPadding = Convert.ToInt32((Size - lnNewHeight) / 2); g.DrawImage(loBMP, leftRightPadding, topBottomPadding, lnNewWidth, lnNewHeight); Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(bmpOut); if (bmp != null) bmp.Save(ResizedOutput); bmp.Dispose(); bmpOut.Dispose(); g.Dispose(); loBMP.Dispose(); stack trace: [ExternalException (0x80004005): A generic error occurred in GDI+.] System.Drawing.Image.Save(String filename, ImageCodecInfo encoder, EncoderParameters encoderParams) +377630 System.Drawing.Image.Save(String filename, ImageFormat format) +69 System.Drawing.Image.Save(String filename) +25 Utilities.ResizeImage(String fileName, String mode) in c:\inetpub\vhosts\batuhanakcay.com\httpdocs\App_Code\Utilities.cs:181 Link.ToProductImage(String fileName) in c:\inetpub\vhosts\batuhanakcay.com\httpdocs\App_Code\Link.cs:79 Product.PopulateControls(ProductDetails pd) in c:\inetpub\vhosts\batuhanakcay.com\httpdocs\Product.aspx.cs:37 Product.Page_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e) in c:\inetpub\vhosts\batuhanakcay.com\httpdocs\Product.aspx.cs:20

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• Values are not returning from MY SQL database to my java class

  - by sam

  Hi, This is my Query DELIMITER $$ DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTSdiscoverdb.getuser_info$$ # MySQL returned an empty result set (i.e. zero rows). `CREATE PROCEDURE discoverdb.getuser_info ( IN name VARCHAR(100), IN pass VARCHAR(100) ) BEGIN SELECT * FROM ad_user WHERE sLogin = name AND sPassHash=password(pass); END $$ # MySQL returned an empty result set (i.e. zero rows). DELIMITER ; This is my calling method public Authentication getAuthentication (String username,String password) { //TODO write your implementation code here: Authentication ack = new Authentication(); try{ String simpleProc = "{ call getuser_infosam(?,?)}"; java.sql.CallableStatement cs = con.prepareCall(simpleProc); cs.setString(1, username); cs.setString(2, password); java.sql.ResultSet rs = cs.executeQuery(); while (rs.next()) { System.out.println(rs.getString("sLogin")); System.out.println(rs.getString("sPassHash")); System.out.println(rs.getString("sForename")); System.out.println(rs.getString("sName")); System.out.println(rs.getString("company")); System.out.println(rs.getString("sEmail")); rs.close();} }catch ( Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.out.print(e); } return ack; }

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• java.sql.SQLException: Parameter index out of range (3 > number of parameters, which is 2)

  - by sam

  @WebMethod(operationName = "SearchOR") public SearchOR getSearchOR (@WebParam(name = "comp") String comp, @WebParam(name = "name") String name) { //TODO write your implementation code here: SearchOR ack = null; try{ String simpleProc = "{ call getuser_info_or(?,?)}"; CallableStatement cs = con.prepareCall(simpleProc); cs.setString(1, comp); cs.setString(2, name); ResultSet rs = cs.executeQuery(); System.out.print("2"); /* int i = 0, j = 0; if (rs.last()) { i = rs.getRow(); ack = new SearchOR[i]; rs.beforeFirst(); }*/ while (rs.next()) { // ack[j] = new SearchOR(rs.getString(1), rs.getString(2)); // j++; ve.add(rs.getString(1)); ve.add(rs.getString(2)); }}catch ( Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.out.print(e); } return ack; } I am getting error at portion i have made bold.It is pointing to that location.My Query is here: DELIMITER $$ DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS discoverdb.getuser_info_or$$ MySQL returned an empty result set (i.e. zero rows). CREATE PROCEDURE discoverdb.getuser_info_or ( IN comp VARCHAR(100), IN name VARCHAR(100), OUT Login VARCHAR(100), OUT email VARCHAR(100) ) BEGIN SELECT sLogin, sEmail INTO Login, email FROM ad_user WHERE company = comp OR sName=name; END $$ MySQL returned an empty result set (i.e. zero rows). DELIMITER ;

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• Configuring TeamCity + NUnit unit tests so files can be loaded properly

  - by Dave

  In a nutshell, I have a solution that builds fine in the IDE, and the unit tests all run fine with the NUnit GUI (via the NUnitit VS2008 plugin). However, when I execute my TeamCity build runner, all unit tests that require file access (e.g. for running tests against specific XML files), I just get System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundExceptions. The reason for this is clear: it's looking for those supporting XML files loaded by various unit tests in the wrong folder. The way my unit tests are structured looks like this: +-- project folder +-- unit tests folder +-- test.xml +-- test.cs +-- project file.xaml +-- project file.xaml.cs All of my projects own their own UnitTests folder, which contains the .cs file and any XML files, XML Schemas, etc that are necessary to run the tests. So when I write my test.cs, I have it look for "test.xml" in the code because they are in the same folder (actually, I do something like ....\unit tests\test.xml, but that's kind of silly). As I said before, the tests run great in NUnit. But that's because the unit tests are part of the project. When running the unit tests from TeamCity, I am executing them against the assemblies that get copied to the main app's output folder. These unit test XML files should not be copied willy-nilly to the output folder just to make the tests pass. Can anyone suggest a better method of organizing my unit tests in each project (which are dependencies for the main app), such that I can execute the unit tests from NUnit and from the TeamCity build runner? The only other option I can come up with is to just put the testing XML data in code, rather than loading it from a file. I would rather not do this.

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• How to load a type in parent-child website

  - by salvationishere

  I am developing a C# VS 2008 / SQL Server 2008 website. Although this same code compiles in the Project version, the website version does not compile. Many of their files are the same so I do not understand even where to look. The only compile error I get is: Could not load type 'DataMatch' in my DataMatch.aspx file. Is the problem in my web.config file? How do websites differ from projects in VS? All four of these files reside in same directory. Default.aspx file: <%@ Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Site.master" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="AddFileToSQL" Title="Untitled Page" % ... Default.aspx.cs file: ... using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.Security.Principal; namespace AddFileToSQL { public partial class AddFileToSQL : System.Web.UI.Page { ... DataMatch.aspx file: <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="DataMatch.aspx.cs" Inherits="DataMatch" % ... DataMatch.aspx.cs file: ... using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using AddFileToSQL; public partial class DataMatch : AddFileToSQL { ...

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• threading in c#

  - by I__

  i am using this code: private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } private void serialPort1_DataReceived(object sender, System.IO.Ports.SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e) { string response = serialPort1.ReadLine(); this.BeginInvoke(new MethodInvoker( () => textBox1.AppendText(response + "\r\n") )); } ThreadStart myThreadDelegate = new ThreadStart(ThreadWork.DoWork); Thread myThread = new Thread(myThreadDelegate); myThread.Start(); but am getting lots of errors: Error 2 The type or namespace name 'ThreadStart' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) C:\Users\alexluvsdanielle\AppData\Local\Temporary Projects\WindowsFormsApplication1\Form1.cs 31 44 WindowsFormsApplication1 Error 3 The name 'ThreadWork' does not exist in the current context C:\Users\alexluvsdanielle\AppData\Local\Temporary Projects\WindowsFormsApplication1\Form1.cs 31 56 WindowsFormsApplication1 Error 4 The type or namespace name 'Thread' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) C:\Users\alexluvsdanielle\AppData\Local\Temporary Projects\WindowsFormsApplication1\Form1.cs 32 31 WindowsFormsApplication1 Error 5 A field initializer cannot reference the non-static field, method, or property 'WindowsFormsApplication1.Form1.myThreadDelegate' C:\Users\alexluvsdanielle\AppData\Local\Temporary Projects\WindowsFormsApplication1\Form1.cs 32 38 WindowsFormsApplication1 what am i doing wrong?

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• ServiceStack razor default page

  - by Tom

  Say I have 2 pages /NotADefault.cshtml /Views/Default.cshtml Question 1. Now I run it, page A always gets called implicitly as start-up default page no matter what I name it. Page B will only be called when I explicitly call localhost/View/Default. How do I make page B (the one in View folder) my default page? Question 2. I also have NotADefaultService.cs and DefaultService.cs. I give each page a Service class at the back. However, when page A is called NotADefaultService.cs never gets called. Only DefaultService.cs gets called when page B is called... My observation is that only the pages in the View folder will get their back-end service class working. Outside of View folder it doesn't work. Combining Q1 and Q2. How do I: Option 1. get the backend service class working under / root outside "View" folder? OR Option 2. appoint /View/Default.schtml as my default at start-up where the service class can be hit?

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• struct constructor + function parameter

  - by Oops

  Hi, I am a C++ beginner. I have the following code, the reult is not what I expect. The question is why, resp. what is wrong. For sure, the most of you see it at the first glance. struct Complex { float imag; float real; Complex( float i, float r) { imag = i; real = r; } Complex( float r) { Complex(0, r); } std::string str() { std::ostringstream s; s << "imag: " << imag << " | real: " << real << std::endl; return s.str(); } }; class Complexes { std::vector<Complex> * _complexes; public: Complexes(){ _complexes = new std::vector<Complex>; } void Add( Complex elem ) { _complexes->push_back( elem ); } std::string str( int index ) { std::ostringstream oss; Complex c = _complexes->at(index); oss << c.str(); return oss.str(); } }; int main(){ Complexes * cs = new Complexes(); //cs->Add(123.4f); cs->Add(Complex(123.4f)); std::cout << cs->str(0); return 0; } for now I am interested in the basics of c++ not in the complexnumber theory ;-) it would be nice if the "Add" function does also accept one real (without an extra overloading) instead of only a Complex-object is this possible? many thanks in advance Oops

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• C# and Objects/Classes

  - by user1192890

  I have tried to compile code from Deitel's C# 2010 for programmers. I copied it exactly out of the book, but it still can't find main, even though I declared it in one of the classes. Here is a look at the two classes: For GradeBookTest: // Fig. 4.2: GradeBookTest.cs // Create a GradeBook object and call its DisplayMessage method. public class GradeBookTest { // Main method begins program execution public static void Main(string[] args) { // create a GradeBook object and assign it to myGradeBook GradeBook myGradeBook = new GradeBook(); // call myGradeBook's DisplayMessage method myGradeBook.DisplayMessage(); } // end Main } // end class GradeBookTest Now for the GradeBook class: // Fig. 4.1: GradeBook.cs // Class declaration with one method. using System; public class GradeBook { // display a welcome message to the GradeBook user public void DisplayMessage() { Console.WriteLine( "Welcome to the Grade Book!" ); } // end method DisplayMessage } // end class GradeBook That is how I copied them. Here is how they appeared in the book: 1 // Fig. 4.2: GradeBookTest.cs 2 // Create a GradeBook object and call its DisplayMessage method. 3 public class GradeBookTest 4 { 5 // Main method begins program execution 6 public static void Main( string[] args ) 7 { 8 // create a GradeBook object and assign it to myGradeBook 9 GradeBook myGradeBook = new GradeBook(); 10 11 // call myGradeBook's DisplayMessage method 12 myGradeBook.DisplayMessage(); 13 } // end Main 14 } // end class GradeBookTest and // Fig. 4.1: GradeBook.cs // Class declaration with one method. using System; public class GradeBook { // display a welcome message to the GradeBook user public void DisplayMessage() { Console.WriteLine( "Welcome to the Grade Book!" ); } // end method DisplayMessage } // end class GradeBook I don't see why they are not working. Right now I am using Visual Studio Pro 2010. Any Thoughts?

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• Dependencyproperty doesn't have value on load

  - by Jakob

  My problem is this, I have a UC called profile that contains another UC called FollowImageControl. In my Profile.xaml i declaretively bind a property of FollowImageControl called FollowerId to a CurrentUserId from Profile.xaml.cs. Problem is that I CurrentUserId is assigned in Profile.xaml.cs; the Profile.xaml code-behind. This means that I do not initially get the FollowerId. I have these methods in the FollowImageControl.xaml.cs: public static readonly DependencyProperty _followUserId = DependencyProperty.Register("FollowUserId", typeof(Guid), typeof(FollowImageControl), null); public Guid FollowUserId { get { return (Guid)GetValue(_followUserId); } set { SetValue(_followUserId, value); } } public FollowImageControl() { // Required to initialize variables InitializeComponent(); LoggedInUserId = WebContext.Current.User.UserId; var ctx = new NotesDomainContext(); if (ctx.IsFollowingUser(LoggedInUserId, FollowUserId).Value) SwitchToDelete.Begin(); } private void AddImg_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) { if (LoggedInUserId != FollowUserId) { var ctx = new NotesDomainContext(); ctx.FollowUser(FollowUserId, LoggedInUserId); ctx.SubmitChanges(); } } THE WEIRD THING IS that when i insert breakpoints the FollowerUserId in FollowImageControl() is 0, but it has a value in AddImg_MouseLeftButtonDown, and there is no inbetween logic that sets the value of it. How is this??? Here's a little more code info: This is my binding from profile.xaml <internalCtrl:FollowImageControl FollowUserId="{Binding ElementName=ProfileCtrl, Path=CurrentUserId}" /> this is my constructor in profile.xaml.cs wherein the CurrentUserId is set public static readonly DependencyProperty _CurrentUserId = DependencyProperty.Register("CurrentUserId", typeof(Guid), typeof(Profile), null); public Guid CurrentUserId { get { return (Guid)GetValue(_CurrentUserId); } set { SetValue(_CurrentUserId, value); } } public Profile(Guid UserId) { CurrentUserId = UserId; InitializeComponent(); Loaded += new RoutedEventHandler(Profile_Loaded); } I'm seriously dumbfound that one minute the FollowerId has no value, and the next it holds the right, without me having changed the value in the code-behind.

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• Operator+ for a subtype of a template class.

  - by baol

  I have a template class that defines a subtype. I'm trying to define the binary operator+ as a template function, but the compiler cannot resolve the template version of the operator+. #include <iostream> template<typename other_type> struct c { c(other_type v) : cs(v) {} struct subtype { subtype(other_type v) : val(v) {} other_type val; } cs; }; template<typename other_type> typename c<other_type>::subtype operator+(const typename c<other_type>::subtype& left, const typename c<other_type>::subtype& right) { return typename c<other_type>::subtype(left.val + right.val); } // This one works // c<int>::subtype operator+(const c<int>::subtype& left, // const c<int>::subtype& right) // { return c<int>::subtype(left.val + right.val); } int main() { c<int> c1 = 1; c<int> c2 = 2; c<int>::subtype cs3 = c1.cs + c2.cs; std::cerr << cs3.val << std::endl; } I think the reason is because the compiler (g++4.3) cannot guess the template type so it's searching for operator+<int> instead of operator+. What's the reason for that? What elegant solution can you suggest?

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• Operator+ for a subtype of a template classe.

  - by baol

  I have a template class that defines a subtype. I'm trying to define the binary operator+ as a template function, but the compiler cannot resolve the template version of the operator+. #include <iostream> template<typename other_type> struct c { c(other_type v) : cs(v) {} struct subtype { subtype(other_type v) : val(v) {} other_type val; } cs; }; template<typename other_type> typename c<other_type>::subtype operator+(const typename c<other_type>::subtype& left, const typename c<other_type>::subtype& right) { return typename c<other_type>::subtype(left.val + right.val); } // This one works // c<a>::subtype operator+(const c<a>::subtype& left, // const c<a>::subtype& right) // { return c<a>::subtype(left.val + right.val); } int main() { c<int> c1 = 1; c<int> c2 = 2; c<int>::subtype cs3 = c1.cs + c2.cs; std::cerr << cs3.val << std::endl; } I think the reason is because the compiler (g++4.3) cannot guess the template type so it's searching for operator+<int> instead of operator+. What's the reason for that? What elegant solution can you suggest?

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• Visual Studio Folder Structure

  - by nick

  I am not sure how this works. I am using Visual Studio 2008 and I created a Class Library (say the name is Test). I also selected the option to create a folder for the solution. Following is the directory structure I get: Test - Test - bin - Debug - obj - Debug - Properties - AassemblyInfo.cs - Test.cs - Test.csproj - Test.sln - Test.suo This is default and I have no problems running my code this way. My querry is I see other solutions (class libraries) created in the Subversion by others before have a different structure. The structure for that is as follows: Test - .svn - lib - <<Reference 1>> - <<Reference 2>> - .... - <<Reference N>> - src - bin - Debug - obj - Debug - Properties - AassemblyInfo.cs - Test.cs - Test.csproj - Test.sln - Test.suo My query is how to create this structure? All the references to other projects are maintained in lib folder and source code is maintained in src folder. This is not the case happening with me. When I open the solution in Visual Studio, I cannot see any such folder like lib or src. It shows the same way as mine. Kindly help and forgive me for being so elaborative. Thanks

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• Using Visual Studio to make non aspx code-behind pages

  - by rizzle

  I want to build my own "code behind" like pages so that i can have HTML in a HTML file and code in cs file but be able to have Intellesense for the tokens in the HTML file. (i know that's what the .NET page class does, but i want to have something much lighter) EG: in the .html file: <%@ Directive classname="HTMLSnippet" %> <html> <body> <div>[%message%] </body> </html> and in a .cs file public class MyClass : HTMLSnippet { public class MyClass () { snippet.message = "message goes here" } } So my question is how do make the HTMLSnippet class so that it's members are automatically created, and specifically show up in Intellesense as i add tokens to the .html file? I know that .net currently does it by creating the designer.cs file and basically builds a class with all the elements from the page as it goes, and that would work fine but how can i get visual studio to generate that before compiling so that it shows up in Intellesense. Thanks! Clarification I'm not using this as a handler yet, i want to use this to have HTML snippets with tokens be usable in code as an object with properties. so almost like a custom control. I think what i have to do is create a VS add-in that waits for me to type tokens into an .html file then it automatically creates a .cs file with members for each token.

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• Infinite loop during A* algorithm

  - by Tashu

  The A* algorithm is used by enemies to have a path to the goal. It's working but when sometimes I placed a tower in a grid (randomly) it produces a stack overflow error. The A* algorithm would iterate the enemy and find its path and pass the list to the enemy's path. I added debug logs and the list that I'm getting it looks like it would arrive from start cell to goal cell. Here's the log - 06-19 19:26:41.982: DEBUG/findEnemyPath, enemy X:Y(4281): X2.8256836:Y3.5 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/findEnemyPath, grid X:Y(4281): X3:Y2 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/START CELL ID:(4281): 38 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/GOAL CELL ID:(4281): 47 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Best : 38(4281): passThrough:0.0 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 38 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 38 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 38 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 38 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Best : 39(4281): passThrough:8.875 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 39 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 39 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 39 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Best : 40(4281): passThrough:7.9375 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 40 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 40 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Best : 52(4281): passThrough:8.9375 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 52 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 52 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Best : 53(4281): passThrough:7.96875 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 53 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Best : 28(4281): passThrough:8.9375 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 28 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Best : 65(4281): passThrough:8.984375 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 65 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 65 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Best : 66(4281): passThrough:7.9921875 06-19 19:26:41.990: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 66 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Best : 78(4281): passThrough:8.99609375 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 78 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Best : 79(4281): passThrough:7.998046875 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 79 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Best : 80(4281): passThrough:6.9990234375 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 80 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 80 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Best : 81(4281): passThrough:5.99951171875 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 81 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 81 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Best : 82(4281): passThrough:4.999755859375 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 82 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 82 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Best : 83(4281): passThrough:3.9998779296875 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 83 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Best : 71(4281): passThrough:2.99993896484375 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 71 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Best : 59(4281): passThrough:1.99951171875 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 59 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 59 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Neighbor's Parent:(4281): 59 06-19 19:26:42.000: DEBUG/Best : 47(4281): passThrough:0.99951171875 Then, the goal cell would be iterating its parent till start cell to break off the loop. private void populateBestList(Cell cell, List<Cell> bestList) { bestList.add(cell); if (cell.parent.start == false) { Log.d("ID:", ""+cell.id); Log.d("ParentID:", ""+cell.parent.id); populateBestList(cell.parent, bestList); } return; } The log with error above would show like this - 06-19 19:26:42.010: DEBUG/ID:(4281): 47 06-19 19:26:42.010: DEBUG/ParentID:(4281): 59 06-19 19:26:42.010: DEBUG/ID:(4281): 59 06-19 19:26:42.010: DEBUG/ParentID:(4281): 71 06-19 19:26:42.010: DEBUG/ID:(4281): 71 06-19 19:26:42.010: DEBUG/ParentID:(4281): 59 06-19 19:26:42.010: DEBUG/ID:(4281): 59 06-19 19:26:42.010: DEBUG/ParentID:(4281): 71 06-19 19:26:42.010: DEBUG/ID:(4281): 71 71 and 59 would switch over and goes on. I thought the grid is the issue due to the fact that enemies are using the single grid so I make the parent, start, and goal clear before starting the A* algorithm for an enemy. for(int i = 0; i < GRID_HEIGHT; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < GRID_WIDTH; j++) { grid[i][j].parent = null; grid[i][j].start = false; grid[i][j].goal = false; } } That didn't work. I thought it might be something related to this code, but not sure if I'm on right track - neighbor.parent = best; openList.remove(neighbor); closedList.remove(neighbor); openList.add(0, neighbor); Here's the code of the A* algorithm - private List<Cell> findEnemyPath(Enemy enemy) { for(int i = 0; i < GRID_HEIGHT; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < GRID_WIDTH; j++) { grid[i][j].parent = null; grid[i][j].start = false; grid[i][j].goal = false; } } List<Cell> openList = new ArrayList<Cell>(); List<Cell> closedList = new ArrayList<Cell>(); List<Cell> bestList = new ArrayList<Cell>(); int width = (int)Math.floor(enemy.position.x); int height = (int)Math.floor(enemy.position.y); width = (width < 0) ? 0 : width; height = (height < 0) ? 0 : height; Log.d("findEnemyPath, enemy X:Y", "X"+enemy.position.x+":"+"Y"+enemy.position.y); Log.d("findEnemyPath, grid X:Y", "X"+height+":"+"Y"+width); Cell start = grid[height][width]; Cell goal = grid[ENEMY_GOAL_HEIGHT][ENEMY_GOAL_WIDTH]; if(start.id != goal.id) { Log.d("START CELL ID: ", ""+start.id); Log.d("GOAL CELL ID: ", ""+goal.id); //Log.d("findEnemyPath, grid X:Y", "X"+start.position.x+":"+"Y"+start.position.y); start.start = true; goal.goal = true; openList.add(start); while(openList.size() > 0) { Cell best = findBestPassThrough(openList, goal); //Log.d("ID:", ""+best.id); openList.remove(best); closedList.add(best); if (best.goal) { System.out.println("Found Goal"); System.out.println(bestList.size()); populateBestList(goal, bestList); /* for(Cell cell : bestList) { Log.d("ID:", ""+cell.id); Log.d("ParentID:", ""+cell.parent.id); } */ Collections.reverse(bestList); Cell exit = new Cell(13.5f, 3.5f, 1, 1); exit.isExit = true; bestList.add(exit); //Log.d("PathList", "Enemy ID : " + enemy.id); return bestList; } else { List<Cell> neighbors = getNeighbors(best); for (Cell neighbor : neighbors) { if(neighbor.isTower) { continue; } if (openList.contains(neighbor)) { Cell tmpCell = new Cell(neighbor.position.x, neighbor.position.y, 1, 1); tmpCell.parent = best; if (tmpCell.getPassThrough(goal) >= neighbor.getPassThrough(goal)) { continue; } } if (closedList.contains(neighbor)) { Cell tmpCell = new Cell(neighbor.position.x, neighbor.position.y, 1, 1); tmpCell.parent = best; if (tmpCell.getPassThrough(goal) >= neighbor.getPassThrough(goal)) { continue; } } Log.d("Neighbor's Parent: ", ""+best.id); neighbor.parent = best; openList.remove(neighbor); closedList.remove(neighbor); openList.add(0, neighbor); } } } } Log.d("Cannot find a path", ""); return null; }

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• No root file system is defined error after installation

  - by LearnCode

  I installed ubuntu through Wubi and once i rebooted I get no root file system defined error. here's the output of the boot_info_script.Could anyone point me out where the error is. Boot Info Script 0.60 from 17 May 2011 ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb. sda1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe /ntldr /ntdetect.com /wubildr /ubuntu/winboot/wubildr /wubildr.mbr /ubuntu/winboot/wubildr.mbr /ubuntu/disks/root.disk /ubuntu/disks/swap.disk sda1/Wubi: _____________________________________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type '' sda2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: vfat Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /boot.ini /ntldr /NTDETECT.COM sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 240 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20673 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 301,250,879 301,250,817 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/sda2 301,250,943 312,575,759 11,324,817 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) GUID Partition Table detected, but does not seem to be used. Partition Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors System /dev/sda1 323,465,741,313,502,988275,962,973,585-323,465,465,350,529,402 - /dev/sda2 242,728,591,638,290,720578,721,383,108,845,578335,992,791,470,554,859 - /dev/sda3 1,827,498,311,425,204,2562,091,935,274,843,009,907264,436,963,417,805,652 - /dev/sda4 579,711,218,081,401,3572,006,665,459,744,645,1521,426,954,241,663,243,796 - /dev/sda11 270,286,346,402,038,1183,786,543,326,404,525,9543,516,256,980,002,487,837 - /dev/sda12 4,179,681,002,230,769,6684,179,389,374,010,033,387-291,628,220,736,280 - /dev/sda13 232,556,480,979,456,1311,160,152,593,793,119,235927,596,112,813,663,105 - /dev/sda14 98,342,784,050,266,9183,691,264,578,843,725,1953,592,921,794,793,458,278 - /dev/sda15 2,307,845,219,957,882,4961,850,841,032,955,276,350-457,004,187,002,606,145 - /dev/sda16 512,592,046,878,946,497368,458,231,024,779,444-144,133,815,854,167,052 - /dev/sda17 2,504,135,232,870,384,3923,665,087,872,719,320,8291,160,952,639,848,936,438 - /dev/sda18 3,783,181,605,270,691,304122,034,509,624,708,942-3,661,147,095,645,982,361 - /dev/sda19 3,519,661,520,275,829,5122,376,243,094,723,723,587-1,143,418,425,552,105,924 - /dev/sda20 3,867,920,076,859,0744,494,691,111,933,625,1044,490,823,191,856,766,031 - /dev/sda21 1,500,144,061,909,253,7612,511,182,033,846,676,3401,011,037,971,937,422,580 - /dev/sda22 13,035,625,499,900,0062,360,168,613,941,394,9472,347,132,988,441,494,942 - /dev/sda23 4,228,978,682,068,599,48813,159,423,631,648,263-4,215,819,258,436,951,224 - /dev/sda24 3,695,955,742,872,046,9084,561,928,726,501,845,776865,972,983,629,798,869 - /dev/sda25 1,297,460,286,683,948,0461,444,350,486,339,417,957146,890,199,655,469,912 - /dev/sda26 1,228,858,248,533,131,831 0-1,228,858,248,533,131,830 - /dev/sda121 3,189,184,846,146,487,1461,849,820,258,006,914,852-1,339,364,588,139,572,293 - /dev/sda122 1,226,215,547,991,800,578389,781,518,734,546,300-836,434,029,257,254,277 - /dev/sda123 3,851,660,168,574,583,4654,046,215,657,583,031,556194,555,489,008,448,092 - /dev/sda124 1,197,460,980,174,153,341699,103,965,005,093,246-498,357,015,169,060,094 - Drive: sdb _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750153367552 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91200 cylinders, total 1465143296 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sdb1 2,048 1,465,143,295 1,465,141,248 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS "blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/loop0 iso9660 Ubuntu 11.04 amd64 /dev/loop1 squashfs /dev/sda1 E814B55B14B52E06 ntfs /dev/sda2 01CD-023B vfat HP_RECOVERY /dev/sdb1 7836F22A36F1E8D0 ntfs Elements ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/loop0 /cdrom iso9660 (ro,noatime) /dev/loop1 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime) /dev/sdb1 /mnt fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096) ================================ sda2/boot.ini: ================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [boot loader] timeout=0 default=C:\CMDCONS\BOOTSECT.DAT [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect C:\CMDCONS\BOOTSECT.DAT="Microsoft Windows Recovery Console" /cmdcons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc: ======================== Unknown GPT Partiton Type c104043000e9b9040dff24b580010100 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 46313020746f20737461727420746865 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 65727920706172746974696f6e207761 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 727920706172746974696f6e0d0a0000 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 000f84e5f7668b162404e82804744066 Unknown GPT Partiton Type ce01e8dc038bfe66391624047505e8d9 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 0345086603f0e881030bd2740333d240 Unknown GPT Partiton Type bece01e8db0287fec645041266895508 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 01f60634010175078b363b01e854f5e8 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 313825740ffec03865107408fec03824 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 02f60634014074088bfdbece01e85101 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 263401f9e894f30f858ef4e8e201e8ec Unknown GPT Partiton Type f7e960f35245434f5645525966606633 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 660faf1e00106603dac3668b0e001066 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 8bfd386d04740583c710e2f6c36660c6 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 04ebf132c0b91000f3aac3bf0c04ebf3 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 02662bc1660fb71e0e02662bc366031e Unknown GPT Partiton Type f4b40ebb0700b901003c08751381ff25 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 534f465448494e4b90653f62011b0100 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 0b050900027777772e68702e636f6d00 Unknown GPT Partiton Type d441a0f5030003000ecb744a08bb3746 Unknown GPT Partiton Type f8579a116b4a7aa931cde97a4b9b5c09 Unknown GPT Partiton Type 7229990415b77c0a1970e7e824237a3a Unknown GPT Partiton Type afb6e34d6b4bd8c7c0eada19a9786cc3 Unknown BootLoader on sda1/Wubi 00000000 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 |0000000000000000| * 00000200 Unknown BootLoader on sda2 00000000 e9 a7 00 52 45 43 4f 56 45 52 59 00 02 08 20 00 |...RECOVERY... .| 00000010 02 00 00 00 00 f8 00 00 3f 00 f0 00 7f b9 f4 11 |........?.......| 00000020 8c cd ac 00 1e 2b 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |.....+..........| 00000030 01 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000040 80 00 29 3b 02 cd 01 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..);... | 00000050 20 20 46 41 54 33 32 20 20 20 8b d0 c1 e2 02 80 | FAT32 ......| 00000060 e6 01 66 c1 e8 07 66 3b 46 f8 74 2a 66 89 46 f8 |..f...f;F.t*f.F.| 00000070 66 03 46 f4 66 0f b6 5e 28 80 e3 0f 74 0f 3a 5e |f.F.f..^(...t.:^| 00000080 10 0f 83 90 00 66 0f af 5e 24 66 03 c3 bb e0 07 |.....f..^$f.....| 00000090 b9 01 00 e8 cf 00 8b da 66 8b 87 00 7e 66 25 ff |........f...~f%.| 000000a0 ff ff 0f 66 3d f8 ff ff 0f c3 33 c9 8e d9 8e c1 |...f=.....3.....| 000000b0 8e d1 66 bc f4 7b 00 00 bd 00 7c 66 0f b6 46 10 |..f..{....|f..F.| 000000c0 66 f7 66 24 66 0f b7 56 0e 66 03 56 1c 66 89 56 |f.f$f..V.f.V.f.V| 000000d0 f4 66 03 c2 66 89 46 fc 66 c7 46 f8 ff ff ff ff |.f..f.F.f.F.....| 000000e0 66 8b 46 2c 66 50 e8 af 00 bb 70 00 b9 01 00 e8 |f.F,fP....p.....| 000000f0 73 00 bf 00 07 b1 0b be a9 7d f3 a6 74 2a 03 f9 |s........}..t*..| 00000100 83 c7 15 81 ff 00 09 72 ec 66 40 4a 75 db 66 58 |[email protected]| 00000110 e8 47 ff 72 cf be b4 7d ac 84 c0 74 09 b4 0e bb |.G.r...}...t....| 00000120 07 00 cd 10 eb f2 cd 19 66 58 ff 75 09 ff 75 0f |........fX.u..u.| 00000130 66 58 bb 00 20 66 83 f8 02 72 da 66 3d f8 ff ff |fX.. f...r.f=...| 00000140 0f 73 d2 66 50 e8 50 00 0f b6 4e 0d e8 16 00 c1 |.s.fP.P...N.....| 00000150 e1 05 03 d9 66 58 53 e8 00 ff 5b 72 d8 8a 56 40 |....fXS...[r..V@| 00000160 ea 00 00 00 20 66 60 66 6a 00 66 50 53 6a 00 66 |.... f`fj.fPSj.f| 00000170 68 10 00 01 00 8b f4 b8 00 42 8a 56 40 cd 13 be |h........B.V@...| 00000180 c7 7d 72 94 67 83 44 24 06 20 66 67 ff 44 24 08 |.}r.g.D$. fg.D$.| 00000190 e2 e3 83 c4 10 66 61 c3 66 48 66 48 66 0f b6 56 |.....fa.fHfHf..V| 000001a0 0d 66 f7 e2 66 03 46 fc c3 4e 54 4c 44 52 20 20 |.f..f.F..NTLDR | 000001b0 20 20 20 20 0d 0a 4e 6f 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d 20 | ..No System | 000001c0 44 69 73 6b 20 6f 72 0d 0a 44 69 73 6b 20 49 2f |Disk or..Disk I/| 000001d0 4f 20 65 72 72 6f 72 0d 0a 50 72 65 73 73 20 61 |O error..Press a| 000001e0 20 6b 65 79 20 74 6f 20 72 65 73 74 61 72 74 0d | key to restart.| 000001f0 0a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 =============================== StdErr Messages: =============================== umount: /isodevice: device is busy. (In some cases useful info about processes that use the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))

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• How to create a new WCF/MVC/jQuery application from scratch

  - by pjohnson

  As a corporate developer by trade, I don't get much opportunity to create from-the-ground-up web sites; usually it's tweaks, fixes, and new functionality to existing sites. And with hobby sites, I often don't find the challenges I run into with enterprise systems; usually it's starting from Visual Studio's boilerplate project and adding whatever functionality I want to play around with, rarely deploying outside my own machine. So my experience creating a new enterprise-level site was a bit dated, and the technologies to do so have come a long way, and are much more ready to go out of the box. My intention with this post isn't so much to provide any groundbreaking insights, but to just tie together a lot of information in one place to make it easy to create a new site from scratch. Architecture One site I created earlier this year had an MVC 3 front end and a WCF 4-driven service layer. Using Visual Studio 2010, these project types are easy enough to add to a new solution. I created a third Class Library project to store common functionality the front end and services layers both needed to access, for example, the DataContract classes that the front end uses to call services in the service layer. By keeping DataContract classes in a separate project, I avoided the need for the front end to have an assembly/project reference directly to the services code, a bit cleaner and more flexible of an SOA implementation. Consuming the service Even by this point, VS has given you a lot. You have a working web site and a working service, neither of which do much but are great starting points. To wire up the front end and the services, I needed to create proxy classes and WCF client configuration information. I decided to use the SvcUtil.exe utility provided as part of the Windows SDK, which you should have installed if you installed VS. VS also provides an Add Service Reference command since the .NET 1.x ASMX days, which I've never really liked; it creates several .cs/.disco/etc. files, some of which contained hardcoded URL's, adding duplicate files (*1.cs, *2.cs, etc.) without doing a good job of cleaning up after itself. I've found SvcUtil much cleaner, as it outputs one C# file (containing several proxy classes) and a config file with settings, and it's easier to use to regenerate the proxy classes when the service changes, and to then maintain all your configuration in one place (your Web.config, instead of the Service Reference files). I provided it a reference to a copy of my common assembly so it doesn't try to recreate the data contract classes, had it use the type List<T> for collections, and modified the output files' names and .NET namespace, ending up with a command like: svcutil.exe /l:cs /o:MyService.cs /config:MyService.config /r:MySite.Common.dll /ct:System.Collections.Generic.List`1 /n:*,MySite.Web.ServiceProxies http://localhost:59999/MyService.svc I took the generated MyService.cs file and drop it in the web project, under a ServiceProxies folder, matching the namespace and keeping it separate from classes I coded manually. Integrating the config file took a little more work, but only needed to be done once as these settings didn't often change. A great thing Microsoft improved with WCF 4 is configuration; namely, you can use all the default settings and not have to specify them explicitly in your config file. Unfortunately, SvcUtil doesn't generate its config file this way. If you just copy & paste MyService.config's contents into your front end's Web.config, you'll copy a lot of settings you don't need, plus this will get unwieldy if you add more services in the future, each with its own custom binding. Really, as the only mandatory settings are the endpoint's ABC's (address, binding, and contract) you can get away with just this: <system.serviceModel>  <client>    <endpoint address="http://localhost:59999/MyService.svc" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="MySite.Web.ServiceProxies.IMyService" />  </client></system.serviceModel> By default, the services project uses basicHttpBinding. As you can see, I switched it to wsHttpBinding, a more modern standard. Using something like netTcpBinding would probably be faster and more efficient since the client & service are both written in .NET, but it requires additional server setup and open ports, whereas switching to wsHttpBinding is much simpler. From an MVC controller action method, I instantiated the client, and invoked the method for my operation. As with any object that implements IDisposable, I wrapped it in C#'s using() statement, a tidy construct that ensures Dispose gets called no matter what, even if an exception occurs. Unfortunately there are problems with that, as WCF's ClientBase<TChannel> class doesn't implement Dispose according to Microsoft's own usage guidelines. I took an approach similar to Technology Toolbox's fix, except using partial classes instead of a wrapper class to extend the SvcUtil-generated proxy, making the fix more seamless from the controller's perspective, and theoretically, less code I have to change if and when Microsoft fixes this behavior. User interface The MVC 3 project template includes jQuery and some other common JavaScript libraries by default. I updated the ones I used to the latest versions using NuGet, available in VS via the Tools > Library Package Manager > Manage NuGet Packages for Solution... > Updates. I also used this dialog to remove packages I wasn't using. Given that it's smart enough to know the difference between the .js and .min.js files, I was hoping it would be smart enough to know which to include during build and publish operations, but this doesn't seem to be the case. I ended up using Cassette to perform the minification and bundling of my JavaScript and CSS files; ASP.NET 4.5 includes this functionality out of the box. The web client to web server link via jQuery was easy enough. In my JavaScript function, unobtrusively wired up to a button's click event, I called $.ajax, corresponding to an action method that returns a JsonResult, accomplished by passing my model class to the Controller.Json() method, which jQuery helpfully translates from JSON to a JavaScript object.$.ajax calls weren't perfectly straightforward. I tried using the simpler $.post method instead, but ran into trouble without specifying the contentType parameter, which $.post doesn't have. The url parameter is simple enough, though for flexibility in how the site is deployed, I used MVC's Url.Action method to get the URL, then sent this to JavaScript in a JavaScript string variable. If the request needed input data, I used the JSON.stringify function to convert a JavaScript object with the parameters into a JSON string, which MVC then parses into strongly-typed C# parameters. I also specified "json" for dataType, and "application/json; charset=utf-8" for contentType. For success and error, I provided my success and error handling functions, though success is a bit hairier. "Success" in this context indicates whether the HTTP request succeeds, not whether what you wanted the AJAX call to do on the web server was successful. For example, if you make an AJAX call to retrieve a piece of data, the success handler will be invoked for any 200 OK response, and the error handler will be invoked for failed requests, e.g. a 404 Not Found (if the server rejected the URL you provided in the url parameter) or 500 Internal Server Error (e.g. if your C# code threw an exception that wasn't caught). If an exception was caught and handled, or if the data requested wasn't found, this would likely go through the success handler, which would need to do further examination to verify it did in fact get back the data for which it asked. I discuss this more in the next section. Logging and exception handling At this point, I had a working application. If I ran into any errors or unexpected behavior, debugging was easy enough, but of course that's not an option on public web servers. Microsoft Enterprise Library 5.0 filled this gap nicely, with its Logging and Exception Handling functionality. First I installed Enterprise Library; NuGet as outlined above is probably the best way to do so. I needed a total of three assembly references--Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.Logging, and Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging. VS links with the handy Enterprise Library 5.0 Configuration Console, accessible by right-clicking your Web.config and choosing Edit Enterprise Library V5 Configuration. In this console, under Logging Settings, I set up a Rolling Flat File Trace Listener to write to log files but not let them get too large, using a Text Formatter with a simpler template than that provided by default. Logging to a different (or additional) destination is easy enough, but a flat file suited my needs. At this point, I verified it wrote as expected by calling the Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Logger.Write method from my C# code. With those settings verified, I went on to wire up Exception Handling with Logging. Back in the EntLib Configuration Console, under Exception Handling, I used a LoggingExceptionHandler, setting its Logging Category to the category I already had configured in the Logging Settings. Then, from code (e.g. a controller's OnException method, or any action method's catch block), I called the Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicy.HandleException method, providing the exception and the exception policy name I had configured in the Exception Handling Settings. Before I got this configured correctly, when I tried it out, nothing was logged. In working with .NET, I'm used to seeing an exception if something doesn't work or isn't set up correctly, but instead working with these EntLib modules reminds me more of JavaScript (before the "use strict" v5 days)--it just does nothing and leaves you to figure out why, I presume due in part to the listener pattern Microsoft followed with the Enterprise Library. First, I verified logging worked on its own. Then, verifying/correcting where each piece wires up to the next resolved my problem. Your C# code calls into the Exception Handling module, referencing the policy you pass the HandleException method; that policy's configuration contains a LoggingExceptionHandler that references a logCategory; that logCategory should be added in the loggingConfiguration's categorySources section; that category references a listener; that listener should be added in the loggingConfiguration's listeners section, which specifies the name of the log file. One final note on error handling, as the proper way to handle WCF and MVC errors is a whole other very lengthy discussion. For AJAX calls to MVC action methods, depending on your configuration, an exception thrown here will result in ASP.NET'S Yellow Screen Of Death being sent back as a response, which is at best unnecessarily and uselessly verbose, and at worst a security risk as the internals of your application are exposed to potential hackers. I mitigated this by overriding my controller's OnException method, passing the exception off to the Exception Handling module as above. I created an ErrorModel class with as few properties as possible (e.g. an Error string), sending as little information to the client as possible, to both maximize bandwidth and mitigate risk. I then return an ErrorModel in JSON format for AJAX requests: if (filterContext.HttpContext.Request.IsAjaxRequest()){    filterContext.Result = Json(new ErrorModel(...));    filterContext.ExceptionHandled = true;} My $.ajax calls from the browser get a valid 200 OK response and go into the success handler. Before assuming everything is OK, I check if it's an ErrorModel or a model containing what I requested. If it's an ErrorModel, or null, I pass it to my error handler. If the client needs to handle different errors differently, ErrorModel can contain a flag, error code, string, etc. to differentiate, but again, sending as little information back as possible is ideal. Summary As any experienced ASP.NET developer knows, this is a far cry from where ASP.NET started when I began working with it 11 years ago. WCF services are far more powerful than ASMX ones, MVC is in many ways cleaner and certainly more unit test-friendly than Web Forms (if you don't consider the code/markup commingling you're doing again), the Enterprise Library makes error handling and logging almost entirely configuration-driven, AJAX makes a responsive UI more feasible, and jQuery makes JavaScript coding much less painful. It doesn't take much work to get a functional, maintainable, flexible application, though having it actually do something useful is a whole other matter.

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• Building applications with WPF, MVVM and Prism(aka CAG)

  - by skjagini

  In this article I am going to walk through an application using WPF and Prism (aka composite application guidance, CAG) which simulates engaging a taxi (cab).  The rules are simple, the app would have3 screens A login screen to authenticate the user An information screen. A screen to engage the cab and roam around and calculating the total fare Metered Rate of Fare The meter is required to be engaged when a cab is occupied by anyone $3.00 upon entry $0.35 for each additional unit The unit fare is: one-fifth of a mile, when the cab is traveling at 6 miles an hour or more; or 60 seconds when not in motion or traveling at less than 12 miles per hour. Night surcharge of $.50 after 8:00 PM & before 6:00 AM Peak hour Weekday Surcharge of $1.00 Monday - Friday after 4:00 PM & before 8:00 PM New York State Tax Surcharge of $.50 per ride. Example: Friday (2010-10-08) 5:30pm Start at Lexington Ave & E 57th St End at Irving Pl & E 15th St Start = $3.00 Travels 2 miles at less than 6 mph for 15 minutes = $3.50 Travels at more than 12 mph for 5 minutes = $1.75 Peak hour Weekday Surcharge = $1.00 (ride started at 5:30 pm) New York State Tax Surcharge = $0.50 Before we dive into the app, I would like to give brief description about the framework.  If you want to jump on to the source code, scroll all the way to the end of the post. MVVM MVVM pattern is in no way related to the usage of PRISM in your application and should be considered if you are using WPF irrespective of PRISM or not. Lets say you are not familiar with MVVM, your typical UI would involve adding some UI controls like text boxes, a button, double clicking on the button,  generating event handler, calling a method from business layer and updating the user interface, it works most of the time for developing small scale applications. The problem with this approach is that there is some amount of code specific to business logic wrapped in UI specific code which is hard to unit test it, mock it and MVVM helps to solve the exact problem. MVVM stands for Model(M) – View(V) – ViewModel(VM),  based on the interactions with in the three parties it should be called VVMM,  MVVM sounds more like MVC (Model-View-Controller) so the name. Why it should be called VVMM: View – View Model - Model WPF allows to create user interfaces using XAML and MVVM takes it to the next level by allowing complete separation of user interface and business logic. In WPF each view will have a property, DataContext when set to an instance of a class (which happens to be your view model) provides the data the view is interested in, i.e., view interacts with view model and at the same time view model interacts with view through DataContext. Sujith, if view and view model are interacting directly with each other how does MVVM is helping me separation of concerns? Well, the catch is DataContext is of type Object, since it is of type object view doesn’t know exact type of view model allowing views and views models to be loosely coupled. View models aggregate data from models (data access layer, services, etc) and make it available for views through properties, methods etc, i.e., View Models interact with Models. PRISM Prism is provided by Microsoft Patterns and Practices team and it can be downloaded from codeplex for source code,  samples and documentation on msdn.  The name composite implies, to compose user interface from different modules (views) without direct dependencies on each other, again allowing  loosely coupled development. Well Sujith, I can already do that with user controls, why shall I learn another framework?  That’s correct, you can decouple using user controls, but you still have to manage some amount of coupling, like how to do you communicate between the controls, how do you subscribe/unsubscribe, loading/unloading views dynamically. Prism is not a replacement for user controls, provides the following features which greatly help in designing the composite applications. Dependency Injection (DI)/ Inversion of Control (IoC) Modules Regions Event Aggregator  Commands Simply put, MVVM helps building a single view and Prism helps building an application using the views There are other open source alternatives to Prism, like MVVMLight, Cinch, take a look at them as well. Lets dig into the source code.  1. Solution The solution is made of the following projects Framework: Holds the common functionality in building applications using WPF and Prism TaxiClient: Start up project, boot strapping and app styling TaxiCommon: Helps with the business logic TaxiModules: Holds the meat of the application with views and view models TaxiTests: To test the application 2. DI / IoC Dependency Injection (DI) as the name implies refers to injecting dependencies and Inversion of Control (IoC) means the calling code has no direct control on the dependencies, opposite of normal way of programming where dependencies are passed by caller, i.e inversion; aside from some differences in terminology the concept is same in both the cases. The idea behind DI/IoC pattern is to reduce the amount of direct coupling between different components of the application, the higher the dependency the more tightly coupled the application resulting in code which is hard to modify, unit test and mock.  Initializing Dependency Injection through BootStrapper TaxiClient is the starting project of the solution and App (App.xaml)  is the starting class that gets called when you run the application. From the App’s OnStartup method we will invoke BootStrapper.   namespace TaxiClient { /// <summary> /// Interaction logic for App.xaml /// </summary> public partial class App : Application { protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e) { base.OnStartup(e);   (new BootStrapper()).Run(); } } } BootStrapper is your contact point for initializing the application including dependency injection, creating Shell and other frameworks. We are going to use Unity for DI and there are lot of open source DI frameworks like Spring.Net, StructureMap etc with different feature set  and you can choose a framework based on your preferences. Note that Prism comes with in built support for Unity, for example we are deriving from UnityBootStrapper in our case and for any other DI framework you have to extend the Prism appropriately   namespace TaxiClient { public class BootStrapper: UnityBootstrapper { protected override IModuleCatalog CreateModuleCatalog() { return new ConfigurationModuleCatalog(); } protected override DependencyObject CreateShell() { Framework.FrameworkBootStrapper.Run(Container, Application.Current.Dispatcher);   Shell shell = new Shell(); shell.ResizeMode = ResizeMode.NoResize; shell.Show();   return shell; } } } Lets take a look into  FrameworkBootStrapper to check out how to register with unity container. namespace Framework { public class FrameworkBootStrapper { public static void Run(IUnityContainer container, Dispatcher dispatcher) { UIDispatcher uiDispatcher = new UIDispatcher(dispatcher); container.RegisterInstance<IDispatcherService>(uiDispatcher);   container.RegisterType<IInjectSingleViewService, InjectSingleViewService>( new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager());   . . . } } } In the above code we are registering two components with unity container. You shall observe that we are following two different approaches, RegisterInstance and RegisterType.  With RegisterInstance we are registering an existing instance and the same instance will be returned for every request made for IDispatcherService   and with RegisterType we are requesting unity container to create an instance for us when required, i.e., when I request for an instance for IInjectSingleViewService, unity will create/return an instance of InjectSingleViewService class and with RegisterType we can configure the life time of the instance being created. With ContaienrControllerLifetimeManager, the unity container caches the instance and reuses for any subsequent requests, without recreating a new instance. Lets take a look into FareViewModel.cs and it’s constructor. The constructor takes one parameter IEventAggregator and if you try to find all references in your solution for IEventAggregator, you will not find a single location where an instance of EventAggregator is passed directly to the constructor. The compiler still finds an instance and works fine because Prism is already configured when used with Unity container to return an instance of EventAggregator when requested for IEventAggregator and in this particular case it is called constructor injection. public class FareViewModel:ObservableBase, IDataErrorInfo { ... private IEventAggregator _eventAggregator;   public FareViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) { _eventAggregator = eventAggregator; InitializePropertyNames(); InitializeModel(); PropertyChanged += OnPropertyChanged; } ... 3. Shell Shells are very similar in operation to Master Pages in asp.net or MDI in Windows Forms. And shells contain regions which display the views, you can have as many regions as you wish in a given view. You can also nest regions. i.e, one region can load a view which in itself may contain other regions. We have to create a shell at the start of the application and are doing it by overriding CreateShell method from BootStrapper From the following Shell.xaml you shall notice that we have two content controls with Region names as ‘MenuRegion’ and ‘MainRegion’.  The idea here is that you can inject any user controls into the regions dynamically, i.e., a Menu User Control for MenuRegion and based on the user action you can load appropriate view into MainRegion.    <Window x:Class="TaxiClient.Shell" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:Regions="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Regions;assembly=Microsoft.Practices.Prism" Title="Taxi" Height="370" Width="800"> <Grid Margin="2"> <ContentControl Regions:RegionManager.RegionName="MenuRegion" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch" />   <ContentControl Grid.Row="1" Regions:RegionManager.RegionName="MainRegion" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch" /> <!--<Border Grid.ColumnSpan="2" BorderThickness="2" CornerRadius="3" BorderBrush="LightBlue" />-->   </Grid> </Window> 4. Modules Prism provides the ability to build composite applications and modules play an important role in it. For example if you are building a Mortgage Loan Processor application with 3 components, i.e. customer’s credit history,  existing mortgages, new home/loan information; and consider that the customer’s credit history component involves gathering data about his/her address, background information, job details etc. The idea here using Prism modules is to separate the implementation of these 3 components into their own visual studio projects allowing to build components with no dependency on each other and independently. If we need to add another component to the application, the component can be developed by in house team or some other team in the organization by starting with a new Visual Studio project and adding to the solution at the run time with very little knowledge about the application. Prism modules are defined by implementing the IModule interface and each visual studio project to be considered as a module should implement the IModule interface.  From the BootStrapper.cs you shall observe that we are overriding the method by returning a ConfiguratingModuleCatalog which returns the modules that are registered for the application using the app.config file  and you can also add module using code. Lets take a look into configuration file.   <?xml version="1.0"?> <configuration> <configSections> <section name="modules" type="Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Modularity.ModulesConfigurationSection, Microsoft.Practices.Prism"/> </configSections> <modules> <module assemblyFile="TaxiModules.dll" moduleType="TaxiModules.ModuleInitializer, TaxiModules" moduleName="TaxiModules"/> </modules> </configuration> Here we are adding TaxiModules project to our solution and TaxiModules.ModuleInitializer implements IModule interface   5. Module Mapper With Prism modules you can dynamically add or remove modules from the regions, apart from that Prism also provides API to control adding/removing the views from a region within the same module. Taxi Information Screen: Engage the Taxi Screen: The sample application has two screens, ‘Taxi Information’ and ‘Engage the Taxi’ and they both reside in same module, TaxiModules. ‘Engage the Taxi’ is again made of two user controls, FareView on the left and TotalView on the right. We have created a Shell with two regions, MenuRegion and MainRegion with menu loaded into MenuRegion. We can create a wrapper user control called EngageTheTaxi made of FareView and TotalView and load either TaxiInfo or EngageTheTaxi into MainRegion based on the user action. Though it will work it tightly binds the user controls and for every combination of user controls, we need to create a dummy wrapper control to contain them. Instead we can apply the principles we learned so far from Shell/regions and introduce another template (LeftAndRightRegionView.xaml) made of two regions Region1 (left) and Region2 (right) and load  FareView and TotalView dynamically.  To help with loading of the views dynamically I have introduce an helper an interface, IInjectSingleViewService,  idea suggested by Mike Taulty, a must read blog for .Net developers. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel;   namespace Framework.PresentationUtility.Navigation {   public interface IInjectSingleViewService : INotifyPropertyChanged { IEnumerable<CommandViewDefinition> Commands { get; } IEnumerable<ModuleViewDefinition> Modules { get; }   void RegisterViewForRegion(string commandName, string viewName, string regionName, Type viewType); void ClearViewFromRegion(string viewName, string regionName); void RegisterModule(string moduleName, IList<ModuleMapper> moduleMappers); } } The Interface declares three methods to work with views: RegisterViewForRegion: Registers a view with a particular region. You can register multiple views and their regions under one command.  When this particular command is invoked all the views registered under it will be loaded into their regions. ClearViewFromRegion: To unload a specific view from a region. RegisterModule: The idea is when a command is invoked you can load the UI with set of controls in their default position and based on the user interaction, you can load different contols in to different regions on the fly.  And it is supported ModuleViewDefinition and ModuleMappers as shown below. namespace Framework.PresentationUtility.Navigation { public class ModuleViewDefinition { public string ModuleName { get; set; } public IList<ModuleMapper> ModuleMappers; public ICommand Command { get; set; } }   public class ModuleMapper { public string ViewName { get; set; } public string RegionName { get; set; } public Type ViewType { get; set; } } } 6. Event Aggregator Prism event aggregator enables messaging between components as in Observable pattern, Notifier notifies the Observer which receives notification it is interested in. When it comes to Observable pattern, Observer has to unsubscribes for notifications when it no longer interested in notifications, which allows the Notifier to remove the Observer’s reference from it’s local cache. Though .Net has managed garbage collection it cannot remove inactive the instances referenced by an active instance resulting in memory leak, keeping the Observers in memory as long as Notifier stays in memory.  Developers have to be very careful to unsubscribe when necessary and it often gets overlooked, to overcome these problems Prism Event Aggregator uses weak references to cache the reference (Observer in this case)  and releases the reference (memory) once the instance goes out of scope. Using event aggregator is very simple, declare a generic type of CompositePresenationEvent by inheriting from it. using Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Events; using TaxiCommon.BAO;   namespace TaxiCommon.CompositeEvents { public class TaxiOnMoveEvent:CompositePresentationEvent<TaxiOnMove> { } }   TaxiOnMove.cs includes the properties which we want to exchange between the parties, FareView and TotalView. using System;   namespace TaxiCommon.BAO { public class TaxiOnMove { public TimeSpan MinutesAtTweleveMPH { get; set; } public double MilesAtSixMPH { get; set; } } }   Lets take a look into FareViewodel (Notifier) and how it raises the event.  Here we are raising the event by getting the event through GetEvent<..>() and publishing it with the payload private void OnAddMinutes(object obj) { TaxiOnMove payload = new TaxiOnMove(); if(MilesAtSixMPH != null) payload.MilesAtSixMPH = MilesAtSixMPH.Value; if(MinutesAtTweleveMPH != null) payload.MinutesAtTweleveMPH = new TimeSpan(0,0,MinutesAtTweleveMPH.Value,0);   _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiOnMoveEvent>().Publish(payload); ResetMinutesAndMiles(); } And TotalViewModel(Observer) subscribes to notifications by getting the event through GetEvent<..>() namespace TaxiModules.ViewModels { public class TotalViewModel:ObservableBase { .... private IEventAggregator _eventAggregator;   public TotalViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) { _eventAggregator = eventAggregator; ... }   private void SubscribeToEvents() { _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiStartedEvent>() .Subscribe(OnTaxiStarted, ThreadOption.UIThread,false,(filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiOnMoveEvent>() .Subscribe(OnTaxiMove, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiResetEvent>() .Subscribe(OnTaxiReset, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); }   ... private void OnTaxiMove(TaxiOnMove taxiOnMove) { OnMoveFare fare = new OnMoveFare(taxiOnMove); Fares.Add(fare); SetTotalFare(new []{fare}); }   .... 7. MVVM through example In this section we are going to look into MVVM implementation through example.  I have all the modules declared in a single project, TaxiModules, again it is not necessary to have them into one project. Once the user logs into the application, will be greeted with the ‘Engage the Taxi’ screen which is made of two user controls, FareView.xaml and TotalView.Xaml. As you can see from the solution explorer, each of them have their own code behind files and  ViewModel classes, FareViewMode.cs, TotalViewModel.cs Lets take a look in to the FareView and how it interacts with FareViewModel using MVVM implementation. FareView.xaml acts as a view and FareViewMode.cs is it’s view model. The FareView code behind class   namespace TaxiModules.Views { /// <summary> /// Interaction logic for FareView.xaml /// </summary> public partial class FareView : UserControl { public FareView(FareViewModel viewModel) { InitializeComponent(); this.Loaded += (s, e) => { this.DataContext = viewModel; }; } } } The FareView is bound to FareViewModel through the data context  and you shall observe that DataContext is of type Object, i.e. the FareView doesn’t really know the type of ViewModel (FareViewModel). This helps separation of View and ViewModel as View and ViewModel are independent of each other, you can bind FareView to FareViewModel2 as well and the application compiles just fine. Lets take a look into FareView xaml file  <UserControl x:Class="TaxiModules.Views.FareView" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:Toolkit="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Windows.Controls;assembly=WPFToolkit" xmlns:Commands="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Commands;assembly=Microsoft.Practices.Prism"> <Grid Margin="10" > ....   <Border Style="{DynamicResource innerBorder}" Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Grid.RowSpan="11" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Panel.ZIndex="1"/>   <Label Grid.Row="0" Content="Engage the Taxi" Style="{DynamicResource innerHeader}"/> <Label Grid.Row="1" Content="Select the State"/> <ComboBox Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" ItemsSource="{Binding States}" Height="auto"> <ComboBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"/> </DataTemplate> </ComboBox.ItemTemplate> <ComboBox.SelectedItem> <Binding Path="SelectedState" Mode="TwoWay"/> </ComboBox.SelectedItem> </ComboBox> <Label Grid.Row="2" Content="Select the Date of Entry"/> <Toolkit:DatePicker Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1" SelectedDate="{Binding DateOfEntry, ValidatesOnDataErrors=true}" /> <Label Grid.Row="3" Content="Enter time 24hr format"/> <TextBox Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding TimeOfEntry, TargetNullValue=''}"/> <Button Grid.Row="4" Grid.Column="1" Content="Start the Meter" Commands:Click.Command="{Binding StartMeterCommand}" />   <Label Grid.Row="5" Content="Run the Taxi" Style="{DynamicResource innerHeader}"/> <Label Grid.Row="6" Content="Number of Miles &lt;@6mph"/> <TextBox Grid.Row="6" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding MilesAtSixMPH, TargetNullValue='', ValidatesOnDataErrors=true}"/> <Label Grid.Row="7" Content="Number of Minutes @12mph"/> <TextBox Grid.Row="7" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding MinutesAtTweleveMPH, TargetNullValue=''}"/> <Button Grid.Row="8" Grid.Column="1" Content="Add Minutes and Miles " Commands:Click.Command="{Binding AddMinutesCommand}"/> <Label Grid.Row="9" Content="Other Operations" Style="{DynamicResource innerHeader}"/> <Button Grid.Row="10" Grid.Column="1" Content="Reset the Meter" Commands:Click.Command="{Binding ResetCommand}"/>   </Grid> </UserControl> The highlighted code from the above code shows data binding, for example ComboBox which displays list of states has it’s ItemsSource bound to States property, with DataTemplate bound to Name and SelectedItem  to SelectedState. You might be wondering what are all these properties and how it is able to bind to them.  The answer lies in data context, i.e., when you bound a control, WPF looks for data context on the root object (Grid in this case) and if it can’t find data context it will look into root’s root, i.e. FareView UserControl and it is bound to FareViewModel.  Each of those properties have be declared on the ViewModel for the View to bind correctly. To put simply, View is bound to ViewModel through data context of type object and every control that is bound on the View actually binds to the public property on the ViewModel. Lets look into the ViewModel code (the following code is not an exact copy of FareViewMode.cs, pasted relevant code for this section)   namespace TaxiModules.ViewModels { public class FareViewModel:ObservableBase, IDataErrorInfo { public List<USState> States { get { return USStates.StateList; } }   public USState SelectedState { get { return _selectedState; } set { _selectedState = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_selectedStatePropertyName); } }   public DateTime? DateOfEntry { get { return _dateOfEntry; } set { _dateOfEntry = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_dateOfEntryPropertyName); } }   public TimeSpan? TimeOfEntry { get { return _timeOfEntry; } set { _timeOfEntry = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_timeOfEntryPropertyName); } }   public double? MilesAtSixMPH { get { return _milesAtSixMPH; } set { _milesAtSixMPH = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_distanceAtSixMPHPropertyName); } }   public int? MinutesAtTweleveMPH { get { return _minutesAtTweleveMPH; } set { _minutesAtTweleveMPH = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_minutesAtTweleveMPHPropertyName); } }   public ICommand StartMeterCommand { get { if(_startMeterCommand == null) { _startMeterCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(OnStartMeter, CanStartMeter); } return _startMeterCommand; } }   public ICommand AddMinutesCommand { get { if(_addMinutesCommand == null) { _addMinutesCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(OnAddMinutes, CanAddMinutes); } return _addMinutesCommand; } }   public ICommand ResetCommand { get { if(_resetCommand == null) { _resetCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(OnResetCommand); } return _resetCommand; } }   } private void OnStartMeter(object obj) { _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiStartedEvent>().Publish( new TaxiStarted() { EngagedOn = DateOfEntry.Value.Date + TimeOfEntry.Value, EngagedState = SelectedState.Value });   _isMeterStarted = true; OnPropertyChanged(this,null); } And views communicate user actions like button clicks, tree view item selections, etc using commands. When user clicks on ‘Start the Meter’ button it invokes the method StartMeterCommand, which calls the method OnStartMeter which publishes the event to TotalViewModel using event aggregator  and TaxiStartedEvent. namespace TaxiModules.ViewModels { public class TotalViewModel:ObservableBase { ... private IEventAggregator _eventAggregator;   public TotalViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) { _eventAggregator = eventAggregator;   InitializePropertyNames(); InitializeModel(); SubscribeToEvents(); }   public decimal? TotalFare { get { return _totalFare; } set { _totalFare = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_totalFarePropertyName); } } .... private void SubscribeToEvents() { _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiStartedEvent>().Subscribe(OnTaxiStarted, ThreadOption.UIThread,false,(filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiOnMoveEvent>().Subscribe(OnTaxiMove, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiResetEvent>().Subscribe(OnTaxiReset, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); }   private void OnTaxiStarted(TaxiStarted taxiStarted) { Fares.Add(new EntryFare()); Fares.Add(new StateTaxFare(taxiStarted)); Fares.Add(new NightSurchargeFare(taxiStarted)); Fares.Add(new PeakHourWeekdayFare(taxiStarted));   SetTotalFare(Fares); }   private void SetTotalFare(IEnumerable<IFare> fares) { TotalFare = (_totalFare ?? 0) + TaxiFareHelper.GetTotalFare(fares); } ....   } }   TotalViewModel subscribes to events, TaxiStartedEvent and rest. When TaxiStartedEvent gets invoked it calls the OnTaxiStarted method which sets the total fare which includes entry fee, state tax, nightly surcharge, peak hour weekday fare.   Note that TotalViewModel derives from ObservableBase which implements the method RaisePropertyChanged which we are invoking in Set of TotalFare property, i.e, once we update the TotalFare property it raises an the event that  allows the TotalFare text box to fetch the new value through the data context. ViewModel is communicating with View through data context and it has no knowledge about View, helping in loose coupling of ViewModel and View.   I have attached the source code (.Net 4.0, Prism 4.0, VS 2010) , download and play with it and don’t forget to leave your comments.  

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• Revolutionary brand powder packing machine price from affecting marketplace boom and put on uniform in addition to a lengthy service life

  - by user74606

  In mining in stone crushing, our machinery company's encounter becomes much more apparent. As a consequence of production capacity in between 600~800t/h of mining stone crusher, stone is mine Mobile Cone Crushing Plant Price 25~40 times, effectively solved the initially mining stone crusher operation because of low yield prices, no upkeep problems. Full chunk of mining stone crusher. Maximum particle size for crushing 1000x1200mm, an effective answer for the original side is mine stone provide, storing significant chunks of stone can not use complications in mines. Completed goods granularity is modest, only 2~15mm, an effective option for the original mine stone size, generally blocking chute production was an issue even the grinding machine. Two types of material mixed great uniformity, desulfurization of mining stone by adding weight considerably. Present quantity added is often reached 60%, effectively minimizing the cost of raw supplies. Electrical energy consumption has fallen. Dropped 1~2KWh/t tons of mining stone electrical energy consumption, annual electricity savings of one hundred,000 yuan. Efficient labor intensity of workers and also the atmosphere. Due to mine stone powder packing machine price a high degree of automation, with out human make contact with supplies, workers working circumstances enhanced significantly. Positive aspects, and along with mine for stone crushing, CS series cone Crusher has the following efficiency traits. CS series cone Crusher Chamber is divided into 3 unique designs, the user is usually chosen in accordance with the scenario on site crushing efficiency is high, uniform item size, grain shape, rolling mortar wall friction and put on uniform in addition to a extended service life of crushing cavity-. CS series cone Crusher utilizes a one of a kind dust-proof seal, sealing dependable, properly extend the service life of the lubricant replacement cycle and parts. CS series Sprial Sand washer price manufacture of important components to choose unique materials. Each and every stroke left rolling mortar wall of broken cone distances, by permitting a lot more products into the crushing cavity, as well as the formation of big discharge volume, speed of supplies by way of the crushing Chamber. This machine makes use of the principle of crushing cavity, also as unique laminated crushing, particle fragmentation, so that the completed product drastically improved the proportions of a cube, needle-shaped stones to lower particle levels extra evenly.

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• Increase Timeout for remote sessions in Debian 5 Lenny

  - by Ash

  I always get a remote connection time out when using PuTTy and also when i send emails with attachments from a mail sever installed on Debian. I always get this error. I'm not sure if this is firewall or the new Debian 5 installation which i made. Is there any settings i need to fix after fresh install. Any inputs are highly appreciated. This error is pulling my brains out. Thanks. Error: 2011-01-10 15:21:13,454 INFO [btpool0-23://69.19.19.89/service/upload?fmt=extended] [[email protected];mid=72;ip=10.10.01.78;ua=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows;; U;; Windows NT 5.2;; en-US;; rv:1.9.2.13) Gecko/20101203 Firefox/3.6.13 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729);] FileUploadServlet - File upload failed org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadBase$IOFileUploadException: Processing of multipart/form-data request failed. timeout at org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadBase.parseRequest(FileUploadBase.java:367) at org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload.parseRequest(ServletFileUpload.java:126) at com.zimbra.cs.service.FileUploadServlet.handleMultipartUpload(FileUploadServlet.java:430) at com.zimbra.cs.service.FileUploadServlet.doPost(FileUploadServlet.java:412) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727) at com.zimbra.cs.servlet.ZimbraServlet.service(ZimbraServlet.java:181) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:820) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHolder.handle(ServletHolder.java:511) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$CachedChain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1166) at com.zimbra.cs.servlet.SetHeaderFilter.doFilter(SetHeaderFilter.java:79) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$CachedChain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1157) at org.mortbay.servlet.UserAgentFilter.doFilter(UserAgentFilter.java:81) at org.mortbay.servlet.GzipFilter.doFilter(GzipFilter.java:132) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler$CachedChain.doFilter(ServletHandler.java:1157) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.handle(ServletHandler.java:388) at org.mortbay.jetty.security.SecurityHandler.handle(SecurityHandler.java:218) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.SessionHandler.handle(SessionHandler.java:182) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.handle(ContextHandler.java:765) at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.handle(WebAppContext.java:418) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandlerCollection.handle(ContextHandlerCollection.java:230) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerCollection.handle(HandlerCollection.java:114) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:152) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.rewrite.RewriteHandler.handle(RewriteHandler.java:230) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:152) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.DebugHandler.handle(DebugHandler.java:77) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:152) at org.mortbay.jetty.Server.handle(Server.java:326) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpConnection.handleRequest(HttpConnection.java:543) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpConnection$RequestHandler.content(HttpConnection.java:939) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpParser.parseNext(HttpParser.java:755) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpParser.parseAvailable(HttpParser.java:218) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpConnection.handle(HttpConnection.java:405) at org.mortbay.io.nio.SelectChannelEndPoint.run(SelectChannelEndPoint.java:413) at org.mortbay.thread.BoundedThreadPool$PoolThread.run(BoundedThreadPool.java:451) Caused by: org.mortbay.jetty.EofException: timeout at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpParser$Input.blockForContent(HttpParser.java:1172) at org.mortbay.jetty.HttpParser$Input.read(HttpParser.java:1122) at org.apache.commons.fileupload.MultipartStream$ItemInputStream.makeAvailable(MultipartStream.java:977) at org.apache.commons.fileupload.MultipartStream$ItemInputStream.read(MultipartStream.java:887) at java.io.InputStream.read(InputStream.java:85) at org.apache.commons.fileupload.util.Streams.copy(Streams.java:94) at org.apache.commons.fileupload.util.Streams.copy(Streams.java:64) at org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadBase.parseRequest(FileUploadBase.java:362) ... 33 more

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• Error: (subscript) logical subscript too long

  - by frespider

  Can some one let me know why I am getting this error and how I can fix it? Here is the code What I am trying to do is remove the rows that associated 1's if the column of that one's less than 10 a0=rep(1,40) a=rep(0:1,20) b=c(rep(1,20),rep(0,20)) c0=c(rep(0,12),rep(1,28)) c1=c(rep(1,5),rep(0,35)) c2=c(rep(1,8),rep(0,32)) c3=c(rep(1,23),rep(0,17)) c4=c(rep(1,6),rep(0,34)) x=matrix(cbind(a0,a,b,c0,c1,c2,c3,c4),nrow=40,ncol=8) nam <- paste("V",2:9,sep="") colnames(x)<-nam dat <- cbind(y=rnorm(40,50,7),x) #=================================== toSum <- colSums(dat) Col <- Val <- NULL for(i in 1:length(toSum)){ if(toSum[i]<10){ Col <- c(Col,colnames(dat)[i]) Val <- c(Val,toSum[i])} } cs <- colSums(dat) < 10 indx <- dat[,which(cs)]==0 for(i in 1:dim(indx)[2]){ datnw <- dat[indx[,i],] dat <- datnw} datnw2 <- dat[, -which(cs)] Thanks

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• nhibernate activerecord linq Contains problem

  - by Robert Ivanc

  Hi, I am having problems with the following query in Castle ActiveRecord 2.12: var q = from o in SodisceFMClientVAR.Queryable where taxnos2.Contains(o.TaxFileNo) select o; taxNos2 is an array of strings. When run I get an exception: + InnerException {"Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.\r\nParameter name: index"} System.Exception {System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException} StackTrace " at Castle.ActiveRecord.ActiveRecordBase.ExecuteQuery(IActiveRecordQuery query)\r\n at Castle.ActiveRecord.Linq.LinqResultWrapper`1.Populate()\r\n at Castle.ActiveRecord.Linq.LinqResultWrapper`1.GetEnumerator()\r\n at NHibernate.Linq.Query`1.GetEnumerator()\r\n at System.Linq.Buffer`1..ctor(IEnumerable`1 source)\r\n at System.Linq.Enumerable.ToArray[TSource](IEnumerable`1 source)\r\n at prosoft.skb.insolventnostDataAccess.InsolventnostDataAccAR.GetOurUsersListLS(ICollection`1 taxNos) in C:\\svn\\skb\\insolventnostWithAR\\prosoft.skb.insolventnostDataAccess\\InsolventnostDataAR.cs:line 214\r\n at prosoft.skb.insolventnostDataFromWS.InsolventnostFromWS.filterByOurUsers(IEnumerable`1 odprtiPostopki) in C:\\svn\\skb\\insolventnostWithAR\\prosoft.skb.insolventnostDataFromWS\\InsolventnostFromWS.cs:line 237\r\n at prosoft.skb.insolventnostDataFromWS.InsolventnostFromWS.SyncData() in C:\\svn\\skb\\insolventnostWithAR\\prosoft.skb.insolventnostDataFromWS\\InsolventnostFromWS.cs:line 53" string Does Contains even work in linq for nhibernate? I couldn't find anything via google... Is there a workaround? Thanks!

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• NServiceBus FullDuplex sample compiled and debugging against .NET 4.0 framework throws exception

  - by Jim

  I just installed VS2010 RC and launched the FullDuplex sample from NServiceBus 2.0.0.1145 and it ran fine. I then changed the target framework of each project in the solution to ".NET Framework 4", recompiled and launched in the debugger and received the following exception: System.InvalidOperationException was unhandled Message=No endpoint configuration found in scanned assemblies. This usually happens when NServiceBus fails to load your assembly contaning IConfigureThisEndpoint. Try specifying the type explicitly in the NServiceBus.Host.exe.config using the appsetting key: EndpointConfigurationTypeScanned path: C:\Development\Personal\ThirdParty\NServiceBus\samples\FullDuplex\MyClient\bin\Debug\ Source=NServiceBus.Host StackTrace: at NServiceBus.Host.Program.ValidateEndpoints(IEnumerable`1 endpointConfigurationTypes) in d:\BuildAgent-02\work\672d81652eaca4e1\src\host\NServiceBus.Host\Program.cs:line 189 at NServiceBus.Host.Program.GetEndpointConfigurationType() in d:\BuildAgent-02\work\672d81652eaca4e1\src\host\NServiceBus.Host\Program.cs:line 171 at NServiceBus.Host.Program.Main(String[] args) in d:\BuildAgent-02\work\672d81652eaca4e1\src\host\NServiceBus.Host\Program.cs:line 32 InnerException:

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• Exception Logging for WCF Services using ELMAH

  - by Ismail

  I tried this solution but I'm getting following exception System.ArgumentNullException was unhandled by user code Message="Value cannot be null.\r\nParameter name: context" Source="Elmah" ParamName="context" StackTrace: at Elmah.ErrorSignal.FromContext(HttpContext context) in c:\builds\ELMAH\src\Elmah\ErrorSignal.cs:line 67 at Elmah.ErrorSignal.FromCurrentContext() in c:\builds\ELMAH\src\Elmah\ErrorSignal.cs:line 61 at ElmahHttpErrorHandler.ProvideFault(Exception error, MessageVersion version, Message& fault) in c:\Myapplication\App_Code\Util\ElmahHttpErrorHandler.cs:line 19 at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ErrorBehavior.ProvideFault(Exception e, FaultConverter faultConverter, ErrorHandlerFaultInfo& faultInfo) at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ErrorBehavior.ProvideMessageFaultCore(MessageRpc& rpc) at System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableDispatchRuntime.ProcessMessageCleanup(MessageRpc& rpc) InnerException:

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