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• Ubuntu 12.10 unmet dependencies

  - by John

  I have Ubuntu 12.10 with 3.2.0.24-generic #39-Ubuntu running on a Dell Inspiron 700m laptop. I have unmet dependencies as follows: root@John-700m:/home/John# sudo apt-get remove --purge linux-image-3.5.0-{18,27,31,34}-generic Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package 'linux-image-3.5.0-18-generic' is not installed, so not removed Package 'linux-image-3.5.0-27-generic' is not installed, so not removed Package 'linux-image-3.5.0-31-generic' is not installed, so not removed Package 'linux-image-3.5.0-34-generic' is not installed, so not removed You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these: The following packages have unmet dependencies: linux-generic : Depends: linux-image-generic but it is not going to be installed linux-image-extra-3.5.0-18-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.5.0-18-generic but it is not going to be installed linux-image-extra-3.5.0-27-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.5.0-27-generic but it is not going to be installed linux-image-extra-3.5.0-31-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.5.0-31-generic but it is not going to be installed linux-image-extra-3.5.0-34-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.5.0-34-generic but it is not going to be installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution). I tried to remove the packages, but I still get the same error message. Any help would certainly be appreciated. @Eric, well noted. Here is the reults: model name : Intel(R) Pentium(R) M processor 1.60GHz flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr mce cx8 mtrr pge mca cmov clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss tm pbe up bts est tm2 Thanks again. @Eric, If I need to downgrade to Ubuntu 12.04 from 12.10, can I do it without having to mess my current partition or files? I also have Windows XP running on the machine. Best. @Eric, if you are online, I could use your help (or anybody's else). I installed the package for non-pae unit and I still get the same error. Any suggestions? Thanks

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• Inserting THEAD element into embedded HTML using jQuery

  - by robalot

  I'm trying to use jQuery to insert HTML into a table element. I've been messing variations of the selector (below) with no luck. Can someone help me? My Selector: $j('#ctl00_body_gridData_dom').children('table:first').append("<thead><tr><td colspan='6'>&nbsp;</td><td align='center' colspan='7'>EM SPECS</td><td align='center' colspan='7'>FISH</td><td colspan='11'>&nbsp;</td></tr></thead>"); Here's what I am trying to do... I want to insert this: <thead> <tr> <td colspan="6"> &nbsp; </td> <td align="center" colspan="7"> EM SPECS </td> <td align="center" colspan="7"> FISH </td> <td colspan="11"> &nbsp; </td> </tr> </thead> The sample below is what I want the end result to look like... So It Looks Like This: Jquery Event Pool <table id="ctl00_body_gridData" style="width: 2000px; -moz-user-select: none;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td id="ctl00_body_gridData_dom" class="GridData" style="vertical-align: top; height: 245px;" valign="top"> <table style="width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <thead> <tr> <td colspan="6"> &nbsp; </td> <td align="center" colspan="7"> EM SPECS </td> <td align="center" colspan="7"> FISH </td> <td colspan="11"> &nbsp; </td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr id="ctl00_body_gridData_top_head" class="headerlineGrid"> <td width="16"> <div style="width: 16px;"></div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,4,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,4,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,0,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,4,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,4,0)" style="width: 89px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 89px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Work<br>Package</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,6,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,6,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,1,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,6,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,6,0)" style="width: 62px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 62px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Work<br>Order</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,9,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,9,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,2,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,9,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,9,0)" style="width: 66px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 66px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> FCR<br>Group</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,12,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,12,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,3,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,12,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,12,0)" style="width: 105px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 105px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center">Contractor</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,15,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,15,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,4,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,15,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,15,0)" style="width: 159px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 159px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Capital/Expense<br>Group</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,19,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,19,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,5,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,19,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,19,0)" style="width: 99px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 99px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center">Cost Type</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,20,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,20,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,6,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,20,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,20,0)" style="width: 81px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 81px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Commit<br>Dollars</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,21,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,21,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,7,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,21,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,21,0)" style="width: 81px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 81px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Commit<br>Hours</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,22,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,22,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,8,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,22,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,22,0)" style="width: 86px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 86px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Commit<br>Quantity</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,23,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,23,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,9,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,23,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,23,0)" style="width: 76px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 76px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Control<br>Budget</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,24,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,24,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,10,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,24,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,24,0)" style="width: 46px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 46px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center">FTC</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,25,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,25,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,11,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,25,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,25,0)" style="width: 88px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 88px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Total<br>Forecast</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,26,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,26,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,12,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,26,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,26,0)" style="width: 50px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 50px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Ctr<br>COB</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,27,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,27,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,13,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,27,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,27,0)" style="width: 49px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 49px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Ctr<br>CCB</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,28,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,28,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,14,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,28,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,28,0)" style="width: 81px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 81px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Ctr<br> Commit<br>$</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,29,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,29,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,15,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,29,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,29,0)" style="width: 81px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 81px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Ctr<br> Commit<br>Hours</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,30,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,30,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,16,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,30,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,30,0)" style="width: 86px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 86px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Ctr<br> Commit<br>Quantity</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,31,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,31,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,17,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,31,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,31,0)" style="width: 95px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 95px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Ctr<br>% Compl.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> <td onclick="ctl00_body_gridData.ClickHandler(event,this,32,0)" ondblclick="ctl00_body_gridData.DblClickHandler(event,null,32,0)" onmousemove="ctl00_body_gridData.MoveHandler(event,this,18,0)" onmouseover="ctl00_body_gridData.OverHandler(event,this,0)" onmouseout="ctl00_body_gridData.OutHandler(event,this,0)" onmousedown="ctl00_body_gridData.DownHandler(event,this,32,0)" onmouseup="ctl00_body_gridData.UpHandler(event,this,32,0)" style="width: 105px;" class="HeadingCell" align="center"> <div style="text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 105px;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="HeadingCellText" align="center"> Contractor<br>CFTC</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td id="ctl00_body_gridData_expcolgrp_0" width="16" align="center"></td> <td class="GroupHeading" colspan="20"> FCR<br>Group: Engineering</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="ctl00_body_gridData_expcolgrp_1" width="16" align="center"></td> <td class="GroupHeading" colspan="20"> FCR<br>Group: Pipe</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="ctl00_body_gridData_expcolgrp_2" width="16" align="center"></td> <td class="GroupHeading" colspan="20"> FCR<br>Group: Concrete</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="ctl00_body_gridData_expcolgrp_3" width="16" align="center"></td> <td class="GroupHeading" colspan="20"> FCR<br>Group: Insulation</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="ctl00_body_gridData_expcolgrp_4" width="16" align="center"></td> <td class="GroupHeading" colspan="20"> FCR<br>Group: Buildings</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </body> </html>

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• Design by Contract with Microsoft .Net Code Contract

  - by Fredrik N

  I have done some talks on different events and summits about Defensive Programming and Design by Contract, last time was at Cornerstone’s Developer Summit 2010. Next time will be at SweNug (Sweden .Net User Group). I decided to write a blog post about of some stuffs I was talking about. Users are a terrible thing! Protect your self from them ”Human users have a gift for doing the worst possible thing at the worst possible time.” – Michael T. Nygard, Release It! The kind of users Michael T. Nygard are talking about is the users of a system. We also have users that uses our code, the users I’m going to focus on is the users of our code. Me and you and another developers. “Any fool can write code that a computer can understand. Good programmers write code that humans can understand.” – Martin Fowler Good programmers also writes code that humans know how to use, good programmers also make sure software behave in a predictable manner despise inputs or user actions. Design by Contract   Design by Contract (DbC) is a way for us to make a contract between us (the code writer) and the users of our code. It’s about “If you give me this, I promise to give you this”. It’s not about business validations, that is something completely different that should be part of the domain model. DbC is to make sure the users of our code uses it in a correct way, and that we can rely on the contract and write code in a way where we know that the users will follow the contract. It will make it much easier for us to write code with a contract specified. Something like the following code is something we may see often: public void DoSomething(Object value) { value.DoIKnowThatICanDoThis(); } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Where “value” can be uses directly or passed to other methods and later be used. What some of us can easily forget here is that the “value” can be “null”. We will probably not passing a null value, but someone else that uses our code maybe will do it. I think most of you (including me) have passed “null” into a method because you don’t know if the argument need to be specified to a valid value etc. I bet most of you also have got the “Null reference exception”. Sometimes this “Null reference exception” can be hard and take time to fix, because we need to search among our code to see where the “null” value was passed in etc. Wouldn’t it be much better if we can as early as possible specify that the value can’t not be null, so the users of our code also know it when the users starts to use our code, and before run time execution of the code? This is where DbC comes into the picture. We can use DbC to specify what we need, and by doing so we can rely on the contract when we write our code. So the code above can actually use the DoIKnowThatICanDoThis() method on the value object without being worried that the “value” can be null. The contract between the users of the code and us writing the code, says that the “value” can’t be null.   Pre- and Postconditions   When working with DbC we are specifying pre- and postconditions.  Precondition is a condition that should be met before a query or command is executed. An example of a precondition is: “The Value argument of the method can’t be null”, and we make sure the “value” isn’t null before the method is called. Postcondition is a condition that should be met when a command or query is completed, a postcondition will make sure the result is correct. An example of a postconditon is “The method will return a list with at least 1 item”. Commands an Quires When using DbC, we need to know what a Command and a Query is, because some principles that can be good to follow are based on commands and queries. A Command is something that will not return anything, like the SQL’s CREATE, UPDATE and DELETE. There are two kinds of Commands when using DbC, the Creation commands (for example a Constructor), and Others. Others can for example be a Command to add a value to a list, remove or update a value etc. //Creation commands public Stack(int size) //Other commands public void Push(object value); public void Remove(); .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   A Query, is something that will return something, for example an Attribute, Property or a Function, like the SQL’s SELECT.   There are two kinds of Queries, the Basic Queries  (Quires that aren’t based on another queries), and the Derived Queries, queries that is based on another queries. Here is an example of queries of a Stack: //Basic Queries public int Count; public object this[int index] { get; } //Derived Queries //Is related to Count Query public bool IsEmpty() { return Count == 0; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } To understand about some principles that are good to follow when using DbC, we need to know about the Commands and different Queries. The 6 Principles When working with DbC, it’s advisable to follow some principles to make it easier to define and use contracts. The following DbC principles are: Separate commands and queries. Separate basic queries from derived queries. For each derived query, write a postcondition that specifies what result will be returned, in terms of one or more basic queries. For each command, write a postcondition that specifies the value of every basic query. For every query and command, decide on a suitable precondition. Write invariants to define unchanging properties of objects. Before I will write about each of them I want you to now that I’m going to use .Net 4.0 Code Contract. I will in the rest of the post uses a simple Stack (Yes I know, .Net already have a Stack class) to give you the basic understanding about using DbC. A Stack is a data structure where the first item in, will be the first item out. Here is a basic implementation of a Stack where not contract is specified yet: public class Stack { private object[] _array; //Basic Queries public uint Count; public object this[uint index] { get { return _array[index]; } set { _array[index] = value; } } //Derived Queries //Is related to Count Query public bool IsEmpty() { return Count == 0; } //Is related to Count and this[] Query public object Top() { return this[Count]; } //Creation commands public Stack(uint size) { Count = 0; _array = new object[size]; } //Other commands public void Push(object value) { this[++Count] = value; } public void Remove() { this[Count] = null; Count--; } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   Note: The Stack is implemented in a way to demonstrate the use of Code Contract in a simple way, the implementation may not look like how you would implement it, so don’t think this is the perfect Stack implementation, only used for demonstration.   Before I will go deeper into the principles I will simply mention how we can use the .Net Code Contract. I mention before about pre- and postcondition, is about “Require” something and to “Ensure” something. When using Code Contract, we will use a static class called “Contract” and is located in he “System.Diagnostics.Contracts” namespace. The contract must be specified at the top or our member statement block. To specify a precondition with Code Contract we uses the Contract.Requires method, and to specify a postcondition, we uses the Contract.Ensure method. Here is an example where both a pre- and postcondition are used: public object Top() { Contract.Requires(Count > 0, "Stack is empty"); Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<object>() == this[Count]); return this[Count]; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   The contract above requires that the Count is greater than 0, if not we can’t get the item at the Top of a Stack. We also Ensures that the results (By using the Contract.Result method, we can specify a postcondition that will check if the value returned from a method is correct) of the Top query is equal to this[Count].   1. Separate Commands and Queries   When working with DbC, it’s important to separate Command and Quires. A method should either be a command that performs an Action, or returning information to the caller, not both. By asking a question the answer shouldn’t be changed. The following is an example of a Command and a Query of a Stack: public void Push(object value) public object Top() .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   The Push is a command and will not return anything, just add a value to the Stack, the Top is a query to get the item at the top of the stack.   2. Separate basic queries from derived queries There are two different kinds of queries,  the basic queries that doesn’t rely on another queries, and derived queries that uses a basic query. The “Separate basic queries from derived queries” principle is about about that derived queries can be specified in terms of basic queries. So this principles is more about recognizing that a query is a derived query or a basic query. It will then make is much easier to follow the other principles. The following code shows a basic query and a derived query: //Basic Queries public uint Count; //Derived Queries //Is related to Count Query public bool IsEmpty() { return Count == 0; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   We can see that IsEmpty will use the Count query, and that makes the IsEmpty a Derived query.   3. For each derived query, write a postcondition that specifies what result will be returned, in terms of one or more basic queries.   When the derived query is recognize we can follow the 3ed principle. For each derived query, we can create a postcondition that specifies what result our derived query will return in terms of one or more basic queries. Remember that DbC is about contracts between the users of the code and us writing the code. So we can’t use demand that the users will pass in a valid value, we must also ensure that we will give the users what the users wants, when the user is following our contract. The IsEmpty query of the Stack will use a Count query and that will make the IsEmpty a Derived query, so we should now write a postcondition that specified what results will be returned, in terms of using a basic query and in this case the Count query, //Basic Queries public uint Count; //Derived Queries public bool IsEmpty() { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<bool>() == (Count == 0)); return Count == 0; } The Contract.Ensures is used to create a postcondition. The above code will make sure that the results of the IsEmpty (by using the Contract.Result to get the result of the IsEmpty method) is correct, that will say that the IsEmpty will be either true or false based on Count is equal to 0 or not. The postcondition are using a basic query, so the IsEmpty is now following the 3ed principle. We also have another Derived Query, the Top query, it will also need a postcondition and it uses all basic queries. The Result of the Top method must be the same value as the this[] query returns. //Basic Queries public uint Count; public object this[uint index] { get { return _array[index]; } set { _array[index] = value; } } //Derived Queries //Is related to Count and this[] Query public object Top() { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<object>() == this[Count]); return this[Count]; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   4. For each command, write a postcondition that specifies the value of every basic query.   For each command we will create a postconditon that specifies the value of basic queries. If we look at the Stack implementation we will have three Commands, one Creation command, the Constructor, and two others commands, Push and Remove. Those commands need a postcondition and they should include basic query to follow the 4th principle. //Creation commands public Stack(uint size) { Contract.Ensures(Count == 0); Count = 0; _array = new object[size]; } //Other commands public void Push(object value) { Contract.Ensures(Count == Contract.OldValue<uint>(Count) + 1); Contract.Ensures(this[Count] == value); this[++Count] = value; } public void Remove() { Contract.Ensures(Count == Contract.OldValue<uint>(Count) - 1); this[Count] = null; Count--; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   As you can see the Create command will Ensures that Count will be 0 when the Stack is created, when a Stack is created there shouldn’t be any items in the stack. The Push command will take a value and put it into the Stack, when an item is pushed into the Stack, the Count need to be increased to know the number of items added to the Stack, and we must also make sure the item is really added to the Stack. The postconditon of the Push method will make sure the that old value of the Count (by using the Contract.OldValue we can get the value a Query has before the method is called)  plus 1 will be equal to the Count query, this is the way we can ensure that the Push will increase the Count with one. We also make sure the this[] query will now contain the item we pushed into the Stack. The Remove method must make sure the Count is decreased by one when the top item is removed from the Stack. The Commands is now following the 4th principle, where each command now have a postcondition that used the value of basic queries. Note: The principle says every basic Query, the Remove only used one Query the Count, it’s because this command can’t use the this[] query because an item is removed, so the only way to make sure an item is removed is to just use the Count query, so the Remove will still follow the principle.   5. For every query and command, decide on a suitable precondition.   We have now focused only on postcondition, now time for some preconditons. The 5th principle is about deciding a suitable preconditon for every query and command. If we starts to look at one of our basic queries (will not go through all Queries and commands here, just some of them) the this[] query, we can’t pass an index that is lower then 1 (.Net arrays and list are zero based, but not the stack in this blog post ;)) and the index can’t be lesser than the number of items in the stack. So here we will need a preconditon. public object this[uint index] { get { Contract.Requires(index >= 1); Contract.Requires(index <= Count); return _array[index]; } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Think about the Contract as an documentation about how to use the code in a correct way, so if the contract could be specified elsewhere (not part of the method body), we could simply write “return _array[index]” and there is no need to check if index is greater or lesser than Count, because that is specified in a “contract”. The implementation of Code Contract, requires that the contract is specified in the code. As a developer I would rather have this contract elsewhere (Like Spec#) or implemented in a way Eiffel uses it as part of the language. Now when we have looked at one Query, we can also look at one command, the Remove command (You can see the whole implementation of the Stack at the end of this blog post, where precondition is added to more queries and commands then what I’m going to show in this section). We can only Remove an item if the Count is greater than 0. So we can write a precondition that will require that Count must be greater than 0. public void Remove() { Contract.Requires(Count > 0); Contract.Ensures(Count == Contract.OldValue<uint>(Count) - 1); this[Count] = null; Count--; } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   6. Write invariants to define unchanging properties of objects.   The last principle is about making sure the object are feeling great! This is done by using invariants. When using Code Contract we can specify invariants by adding a method with the attribute ContractInvariantMethod, the method must be private or public and can only contains calls to Contract.Invariant. To make sure the Stack feels great, the Stack must have 0 or more items, the Count can’t never be a negative value to make sure each command and queries can be used of the Stack. Here is our invariant for the Stack object: [ContractInvariantMethod] private void ObjectInvariant() { Contract.Invariant(Count >= 0); } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   Note: The ObjectInvariant method will be called every time after a Query or Commands is called. Here is the full example using Code Contract:   public class Stack { private object[] _array; //Basic Queries public uint Count; public object this[uint index] { get { Contract.Requires(index >= 1); Contract.Requires(index <= Count); return _array[index]; } set { Contract.Requires(index >= 1); Contract.Requires(index <= Count); _array[index] = value; } } //Derived Queries //Is related to Count Query public bool IsEmpty() { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<bool>() == (Count == 0)); return Count == 0; } //Is related to Count and this[] Query public object Top() { Contract.Requires(Count > 0, "Stack is empty"); Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<object>() == this[Count]); return this[Count]; } //Creation commands public Stack(uint size) { Contract.Requires(size > 0); Contract.Ensures(Count == 0); Count = 0; _array = new object[size]; } //Other commands public void Push(object value) { Contract.Requires(value != null); Contract.Ensures(Count == Contract.OldValue<uint>(Count) + 1); Contract.Ensures(this[Count] == value); this[++Count] = value; } public void Remove() { Contract.Requires(Count > 0); Contract.Ensures(Count == Contract.OldValue<uint>(Count) - 1); this[Count] = null; Count--; } [ContractInvariantMethod] private void ObjectInvariant() { Contract.Invariant(Count >= 0); } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Summary By using Design By Contract we can make sure the users are using our code in a correct way, and we must also make sure the users will get the expected results when they uses our code. This can be done by specifying contracts. To make it easy to use Design By Contract, some principles may be good to follow like the separation of commands an queries. With .Net 4.0 we can use the Code Contract feature to specify contracts.

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• Merge\Combine two datatables

  - by madlan

  I'm trying to merge\combine two datatables. I've looked at various examples and answers but they seem to create duplicate rows or require indexes (merge on datatable etc) I can't do this via SQL as one source is from a linked Oracle server accessed via MSSQL and the other from a different MSSQL Server that does not have linked access. The data is currently very simple: Name, Email, Phone DataTable1: "John Clark", "", "01522 55231" "Alex King", "[email protected]", "01522 55266" "Marcus Jones", "[email protected]", "01522 55461" DataTable2: "John Clark", "john[email protected]", "01522 55231" "Alex King", "[email protected]", "" "Marcus Jones", "[email protected]", "01522 55461" "Warren bean", "[email protected]", "01522 522311" Giving a datatable with the following: "John Clark", "john[email protected]", "01522 55231" "Alex King", "[email protected]", "01522 55266" "Marcus Jones", "[email protected]", "01522 55461" "Warren bean", "[email protected]", "01522 522311" Name is the field to match records on, with the first datatable taking priority.

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• To ref or not to ref

  - by nmarun

  So the question is what is the point of passing a reference type along with the ref keyword? I have an Employee class as below: 1: public class Employee 2: { 3: public string FirstName { get; set; } 4: public string LastName { get; set; } 5:  6: public override string ToString() 7: { 8: return string.Format("{0}-{1}", FirstName, LastName); 9: } 10: } In my calling class, I say: 1: class Program 2: { 3: static void Main() 4: { 5: Employee employee = new Employee 6: { 7: FirstName = "John", 8: LastName = "Doe" 9: }; 10: Console.WriteLine(employee); 11: CallSomeMethod(employee); 12: Console.WriteLine(employee); 13: } 14:  15: private static void CallSomeMethod(Employee employee) 16: { 17: employee.FirstName = "Smith"; 18: employee.LastName = "Doe"; 19: } 20: }   After having a look at the code, you’ll probably say, Well, an instance of a class gets passed as a reference, so any changes to the instance inside the CallSomeMethod, actually modifies the original object. Hence the output will be ‘John-Doe’ on the first call and ‘Smith-Doe’ on the second. And you’re right: So the question is what’s the use of passing this Employee parameter as a ref? 1: class Program 2: { 3: static void Main() 4: { 5: Employee employee = new Employee 6: { 7: FirstName = "John", 8: LastName = "Doe" 9: }; 10: Console.WriteLine(employee); 11: CallSomeMethod(ref employee); 12: Console.WriteLine(employee); 13: } 14:  15: private static void CallSomeMethod(ref Employee employee) 16: { 17: employee.FirstName = "Smith"; 18: employee.LastName = "Doe"; 19: } 20: } The output is still the same: Ok, so is there really a need to pass a reference type using the ref keyword? I’ll remove the ‘ref’ keyword and make one more change to the CallSomeMethod method. 1: class Program 2: { 3: static void Main() 4: { 5: Employee employee = new Employee 6: { 7: FirstName = "John", 8: LastName = "Doe" 9: }; 10: Console.WriteLine(employee); 11: CallSomeMethod(employee); 12: Console.WriteLine(employee); 13: } 14:  15: private static void CallSomeMethod(Employee employee) 16: { 17: employee = new Employee 18: { 19: FirstName = "Smith", 20: LastName = "John" 21: }; 22: } 23: } In line 17 you’ll see I’ve ‘new’d up the incoming Employee parameter and then set its properties to new values. The output tells me that the original instance of the Employee class does not change. Huh? But an instance of a class gets passed by reference, so why did the values not change on the original instance or how do I keep the two instances in-sync all the times? Aah, now here’s the answer. In order to keep the objects in sync, you pass them using the ‘ref’ keyword. 1: class Program 2: { 3: static void Main() 4: { 5: Employee employee = new Employee 6: { 7: FirstName = "John", 8: LastName = "Doe" 9: }; 10: Console.WriteLine(employee); 11: CallSomeMethod(ref employee); 12: Console.WriteLine(employee); 13: } 14:  15: private static void CallSomeMethod(ref Employee employee) 16: { 17: employee = new Employee 18: { 19: FirstName = "Smith", 20: LastName = "John" 21: }; 22: } 23: } Viola! Now, to prove it beyond doubt, I said, let me try with another reference type: string. 1: class Program 2: { 3: static void Main() 4: { 5: string name = "abc"; 6: Console.WriteLine(name); 7: CallSomeMethod(ref name); 8: Console.WriteLine(name); 9: } 10:  11: private static void CallSomeMethod(ref string name) 12: { 13: name = "def"; 14: } 15: } The output was as expected, first ‘abc’ and then ‘def’ - proves the 'ref' keyword works here as well. Now, what if I remove the ‘ref’ keyword? The output should still be the same as the above right, since string is a reference type? 1: class Program 2: { 3: static void Main() 4: { 5: string name = "abc"; 6: Console.WriteLine(name); 7: CallSomeMethod(name); 8: Console.WriteLine(name); 9: } 10:  11: private static void CallSomeMethod(string name) 12: { 13: name = "def"; 14: } 15: } Wrong, the output shows ‘abc’ printed twice. Wait a minute… now how could this be? This is because string is an immutable type. This means that any time you modify an instance of string, new memory address is allocated to the instance. The effect is similar to ‘new’ing up the Employee instance inside the CallSomeMethod in the absence of the ‘ref’ keyword. Verdict: ref key came to the rescue and saved the planet… again!

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• Add logo background color to data returned by StackAuth sites route

  - by Yi Jiang

  Given that now with Stack Exchange 2.0 the logo of some of the sites, like Web Apps, AskUbuntu, Photography, Gaming and Pro Webmasters have non-white background, I think it will be best if the StackAuth sites route can include the preferred background color for those the logo of these sites. This is especially important for sites like Photography whose logo is unreadable if the traditional white is used. Edit: Here's an example of what I mean here: As you can see, the AskUbuntu logo text totally invisible against a white background.

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• Vermeidung von SOA Anti-Patterns mittels AIA

  - by Hans Viehmann

  Gerade ist mir ein White Paper des Enterprise Architecture Teams in die Hände gefallen, das sich mit SOA Anti-Patterns befasst. Es ist zwar kein AIA Paper im eigentlichen Sinne, aber mit AIA hat man natürlich eine gute Unterstützung darin, die dort beschriebenen Fehler zu vermeiden. Das White Paper behandelt Themen wie: Vermeidung von SOA Silos SOA Reifegrad und Projekt-Management Ausuferndes Service Portfolio Umgang mit Referenz-Architekturen EAI 2.0 - Punkt-zu-Punkt Integration auf offenen Standards Ein Link auf das Dokument ist unten angefügt - viel Vergnügen bei der Lektüre ... Oracle White Paper: SOA Anti-Patterns.

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• New Whitepaper: Best Practices for Gathering EBS Database Statistics

  - by Elke Phelps (Oracle Development)

  Most Oracle Applications DBAs and E-Business Suite users understand the importance of accurate database statistics.  Missing, stale or skewed statistics can adversely affect performance.  Oracle E-Business Suite statistics should only be gathered using FND_STATS or the Gather Statistics concurrent request. Gathering statistics with DBMS_STATS or the desupported ANALYZE command may result in suboptimal executions plans for E-Business Suite. Our E-Business Suite Performance Team has been busy implementing and testing new features for gathering statistics using FND_STATS in Oracle E-Business Suite databases.  The new features and guidelines for when and how to gather statistics are published in the following whitepaper: Best Practices for Gathering Statistics with Oracle E-Business Suite (Note 1586374.1) The new white paper details the following options for gathering statistics using FND_STATS and the Gather Statistics concurrent request:: History Mode - backup existing statistics prior to gather new statistics GATHER_AUTO Option - gather statistics for tables based upon % change Histograms - collect statistics for histograms AUTO Sampling - use the new FND_STATS feature that supports the AUTO option for using AUTO sample size Extended Statistics - use the new FND_STATS feature that supports the creation of column groups and automatic statistics collection on the column groups when table statistics are gathered Incremental Statistics - gather incremental statistics for partitioned tables The new white paper also includes examples and performance test cases for the following: Extended Optimizer Statistics Incremental Statistics Gathering Concurrent Statistics Gathering This white paper includes details about the standalone Oracle E-Business Suite Release 11i and 12 patches that are required to take advantage of this new functionality. Your feedback is welcome We would be very interested in hearing about your experiences with these new options for gathering statistics.  Please feel free to post your comments here or drop us a line privately.Related Oracle OpenWorld 2013 Session Getting Optimal Performance from Oracle E-Business Suite (CON8485) Related My Oracle Support Notes Collecting Statistics with Oracle EBS 11i and R12 (Note 368252.1) Non-EBS Related Blogs, White Papers and My Oracle Support Notes  Oracle Optimizer Blog Understanding Optimizer Statistic (white paper) Fixed Objects Statistics(GATHER_FIXED_OBJECTS_STATS) Considerations (Note 798257.1)

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• XNA running slow when making a texture

  - by Anthony

  I'm using XNA to test an image analysis algorithm for a robot. I made a simple 3D world that has a grass, a robot, and white lines (that are represent the course). The image analysis algorithm is a modification of the Hough line detection algorithm. I have the game render 2 camera views to a render target in memory. One camera is a top down view of the robot going around the course, and the second camera is the view from the robot's perspective as it moves along. I take the rendertarget of the robot camera and convert it to a Color[,] so that I can do image analysis on it. private Color[,] TextureTo2DArray(Texture2D texture, Color[] colors1D, Color[,] colors2D) { texture.GetData(colors1D); for (int x = 0; x < texture.Width; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < texture.Height; y++) { colors2D[x, y] = colors1D[x + (y * texture.Width)]; } } return colors2D; } I want to overlay the results of the image analysis on the robot camera view. The first part of the image analysis is finding the white pixels. When I find the white pixels I create a bool[,] array showing which pixels were white and which were black. Then I want to convert it back into a texture so that I can overlay on the robot view. When I try to create the new texture showing which ones pixels were white, then the game goes super slow (around 10 hz). Can you give me some pointers as to what to do to make the game go faster. If I comment out this algorithm, then it goes back up to 60 hz. private Texture2D GenerateTexturesFromBoolArray(bool[,] boolArray,Color[] colorMap, Texture2D textureToModify) { for(int i =0;i < screenWidth;i++) { for(int j =0;j<screenHeight;j++) { if (boolArray[i, j] == true) { colorMap[i+(j*screenWidth)] = Color.Red; } else { colorMap[i + (j * screenWidth)] = Color.Transparent; } } } textureToModify.SetData<Color>(colorMap); return textureToModify; } Each Time I run draw, I must set the texture to null, so that I can modify it. public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { Vector2 topRightVector = ((SimulationMain)Game).spriteRectangleManager.topRightVector; Vector2 scaleFactor = ((SimulationMain)Game).config.scaleFactorScreenSizeToWindow; this.spriteBatch.Begin(); // Start the 2D drawing this.spriteBatch.Draw(this.textureFindWhite, topRightVector, null, Color.White, 0, Vector2.Zero, scaleFactor, SpriteEffects.None, 0); this.spriteBatch.End(); // Stop drawing. GraphicsDevice.Textures[0] = null; } Thanks for the help, Anthony G.

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• SQL group and order

  - by John Lambert

  I have multiple users with multiple entries recording times they arrive at destinations Somehow, with my select query I would like to only show the most recent entries for each unique user name. Here is the code that doesn't work: SELECT * FROM $dbTable GROUP BY xNAME ORDER BY xDATETIME DESC This does the name grouping fine, but as far as showing ONLY their most recent entry, is just shows the first entry it sees in the SQL table. I guess my question is, is this possible? Here is my data sample: john 7:00 chris 7:30 greg 8:00 john 8:15 greg 8:30 chris 9:00 and my desired result should only be john 8:15 chris 9:00 greg 8:30

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• C# - Determine if class initializaion causes infinite recursion?

  - by John M

  I am working on porting a VB6 application to C# (Winforms 3.5) and while doing so I'm trying to break up the functionality into various classes (ie database class, data validation class, string manipulation class). Right now when I attempt to run the program in Debug mode the program pauses and then crashes with a StackOverFlowException. VS 2008 suggests a infinite recursion cause. I have been trying to trace what might be causing this recursion and right now my only hypothesis is that class initializations (which I do in the header(?) of each class). My thought is this: mainForm initializes classA classA initializes classB classB initializes classA .... Does this make sense or should I be looking elsewhere? UPDATE1 (a code sample): mainForm namespace john { public partial class frmLogin : Form { stringCustom sc = new sc(); stringCustom namespace john { class stringCustom { retrieveValues rv = new retrieveValues(); retrieveValues namespace john { class retrieveValues { stringCustom sc = new stringCustom();

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• Working with Microsoft PEX Framework

  Automated white-box testing of .NET applications

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• struct assignment operator on arrays

  - by Django fan

  Suppose I defined a structure like this: struct person { char name [10]; int age; }; and declared two person variables: person Bob; person John; where Bob.name = "Bob", Bob.age = 30 and John.name = "John",John.age = 25. and I called Bob = John; struct person would do a Memberwise assignment and assign Johns's member values to Bob's. But arrays can't assign to arrays, so how does the assignment of the "name" array work?

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• How do I average the difference between specific values in TSQL?

  - by jvenema

  Hey folks, sorry this is a bit of a longer question... I have a table with the following columns: [ChatID] [User] [LogID] [CreatedOn] [Text] What I need to find is the average response time for a given user id, to another specific user id. So, if my data looks like: [1] [john] [20] [1/1/11 3:00:00] [Hello] [1] [john] [21] [1/1/11 3:00:23] [Anyone there?] [1] [susan] [22] [1/1/11 3:00:43] [Hello!] [1] [susan] [23] [1/1/11 3:00:53] [What's up?] [1] [john] [24] [1/1/11 3:01:02] [Not much] [1] [susan] [25] [1/1/11 3:01:08] [Cool] ...then I need to see that Susan has an average response time of (20 + 6) / 2 = 13 seconds to John, and John has an average of (9 / 1) = 9 seconds to Susan. I'm not even sure this can be done in set-based logic, but if anyone has any ideas, they'd be much appreciated!

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• Onsite Interview : QA Engineer with more Emphasis on Java Skills

  - by coolrockers2007

  Hello I'm having a onsite interview for QA engineer with Startup. While phone interview the person said he would want to test my JAVA, JUnit and SQL skills on white board with more importance on Object-oriented skills, So what all can i questions can i expect ? One more important issue : How do i overcome the fear of White board interview ?. I'm very bad at White board sessions, i get fully tensed. Please suggest me tips to overcome my jinx

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• Comparison of phrases containing the same word in Google Trends

  - by alisia123

  If I compare three phrases in google trends : house sale house white house I get the following numbers: house - 91 sale house - 3 white house - 2 The question is: Is "sale house" and "white house" already included in the number 91? It is an important question, because if it is true, than: house_except_sale_house + sale_house = 91 sale_house = 3 Which means I have to compare 88 and 3, if I compare "house" and "sale house"

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• Must I loop to search results for a specific value?

  - by tag

  I have a table in the database: name Opinion Tim Tim has an opinion John other random text Dan Dan's random text Al Al says something else I call this data and get it back in getRecords.lastResult To access John's opinion, I could use: getRecords.lastResult[1].opinion But that's only because I know that John is the second record (record 1), but this may change. So the right way is to search through the results to first find the record index for John, then access his opinion. My guess is I need some sort of a loop? Is there an easier way to search for John directly without a loop?

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• Read SQL Server Reporting Services Overview

  - by Editor

  Read an excellent, 14-page, general overview of Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Reporting Services entitled White Paper: Reporting Services in SQL Server 2008. Download the White Paper. (360 KB Microsoft Word file) White Paper: Reporting Services in SQL Server 2008 Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Reporting Services provides a complete server-based platform that is designed to support a wide variety [...]

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• How can I change my "Desktop bar"?

  - by d_Joke

  The problem: In Gnome 3.4 when I click the main menu, it's white. The text of the menu is also white. Original text: I have a problem. When I installed the new version of Gnome (3.4) the "Desktop bar" (I'm sorry, I don't know what's the real name of that bar, but is the bar on the top on Ubuntu 11.10) every time I click on the username icon, or the battery, etc., the menu comes on gray or white and the letters are white. I know maybe this is a stupid question but it annoys me. Besides, my username doest not appear on the login screen. I tried to reset my settings, I delete gnome, and check the Unsettings and CompizConfig but the problem is still there. Maybe I miss something on the process of looking on any configuration tool but I don't think so... Sorry if the question is something basic or even stupid but I'm new on Ubuntu and I'm experimenting whit it.

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• WPF4 Unleashed - how does converting child elements work?

  - by Kapol

  In chapter 2 of the book WPF4 Unleashed the author shows an example of how XAML processes type conversion. He states that <SolidColorBrush>White</SolidColorBrush> is equivalent to <SolidColorBrush Color="White"/> , because a string can be converted into a SolidColorBrush object. But how is that enough? It doesn't make sense to me. How does XAML know to which property should the value White be assigned?

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• Natural Search Engine Optimization - Don't "Game the System" Or You Will Get Banned!

  When focusing on natural search engine optimization, it is important that you keep the process "white hat." You see, when it comes to SEO, there are basically three schools of thought: White hat, Gray hat, and Black hat. As you can probably infer, white hat is following the rules, gray hat is a little in between, and black hat is going against parameters that Google and other major search engines have set for ethical SEO practices.

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• Why is 1px sometimes 2px when specified in Android XML?

  - by Daniel Lew

  I've got a desire for a one-pixel divider line, just for looks. I thought I could accomplish this using a View of height 1px, with a defined background. However, I'm getting some very odd behavior on different devices - sometimes the 1px ends up as 2px. Take this sample layout for example: <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="1px" android:background="@android:color/white" android:layout_marginBottom="4dp" /> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="1px" android:background="@android:color/white" android:layout_marginBottom="4dp" /> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="1px" android:background="@android:color/white" android:layout_marginBottom="4dp" /> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="1px" android:background="@android:color/white" android:layout_marginBottom="4dp" /> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="1px" android:background="@android:color/white" android:layout_marginBottom="4dp" /> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="1px" android:background="@android:color/white" android:layout_marginBottom="4dp" /> <View android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="1px" android:background="@android:color/white" android:layout_marginBottom="4dp" /> </LinearLayout> When run on my G1, this comes out fine. But on the Nexus One, it alternates between 1px lines and 2px lines. Does anyone know where this is going awry? Why does Android sometimes make 1px into 2px?

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• Installing CUDA on Ubuntu 12.04 with nvidia driver 295.59

  - by johnmcd

  I have been trying to get cuda to run on a nvidia gt 650m based laptop. I am running Ubuntu 12.04 with the nvidia 295.59 driver. Also, my laptop uses Optimus so I have install the driver via bumblebee. Bumblebee is not working correctly yet -- however I believe it is possible to install CUDA independently. To install CUDA I have followed the instructions detailed here: How can I get nVidia CUDA or OpenCL working on a laptop with nVidia discrete card/Intel Integrated Graphics? However I am still running into problem building the sdk. I made the changes specified at the above link in common.mk, but I got the following (snippet) from the build process: make[2]: Entering directory `/home/john/NVIDIA_GPU_Computing_SDK/C/src/fluidsGL' /usr/bin/ld: warning: libnvidia-tls.so.302.17, needed by /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link) /usr/bin/ld: warning: libnvidia-glcore.so.302.17, needed by /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link) /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv018tls' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv012glcore' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv017glcore' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv012tls' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv015tls' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv019tls' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv000glcore' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv017tls' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv013tls' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv013glcore' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv018glcore' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv022tls' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv007tls' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv009tls' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv020tls' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv014glcore' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv015glcore' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv016tls' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv001glcore' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv006tls' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv021tls' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv011tls' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv020glcore' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv019glcore' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv002glcore' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv021glcore' /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libGL.so: undefined reference to `_nv014tls' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make[2]: *** [../../bin/linux/release/fluidsGL] Error 1 make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/john/NVIDIA_GPU_Computing_SDK/C/src/fluidsGL' make[1]: *** [src/fluidsGL/Makefile.ph_build] Error 2 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/john/NVIDIA_GPU_Computing_SDK/C' make: *** [all] Error 2 The libraries that ld warns about are on my system and are installed on the system: $ locate libnvidia-tls.so.302.17 libnvidia-glcore.so.302.17 /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libnvidia-glcore.so.302.17 /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libnvidia-tls.so.302.17 /usr/lib/nvidia-current/tls/libnvidia-tls.so.302.17 /usr/lib32/nvidia-current/libnvidia-glcore.so.302.17 /usr/lib32/nvidia-current/libnvidia-tls.so.302.17 /usr/lib32/nvidia-current/tls/libnvidia-tls.so.302.17 however /usr/lib/nvidia-current and /usr/lib32/nvidia-current are not being picked up by ldconfig. I have tried adding them by adding a file to /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ which gets past this error, however now I am getting the following error: make[2]: Entering directory `/home/john/NVIDIA_GPU_Computing_SDK/C/src/deviceQueryDrv' cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wimplicit’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default] obj/x86_64/release/deviceQueryDrv.cpp.o: In function `main': deviceQueryDrv.cpp:(.text.startup+0x5f): undefined reference to `cuInit' deviceQueryDrv.cpp:(.text.startup+0x99): undefined reference to `cuDeviceGetCount' deviceQueryDrv.cpp:(.text.startup+0x10b): undefined reference to `cuDeviceComputeCapability' deviceQueryDrv.cpp:(.text.startup+0x127): undefined reference to `cuDeviceGetName' deviceQueryDrv.cpp:(.text.startup+0x16a): undefined reference to `cuDriverGetVersion' deviceQueryDrv.cpp:(.text.startup+0x1f0): undefined reference to `cuDeviceTotalMem_v2' deviceQueryDrv.cpp:(.text.startup+0x262): undefined reference to `cuDeviceGetAttribute' deviceQueryDrv.cpp:(.text.startup+0x457): undefined reference to `cuDeviceGetAttribute' deviceQueryDrv.cpp:(.text.startup+0x4bc): undefined reference to `cuDeviceGetAttribute' deviceQueryDrv.cpp:(.text.startup+0x502): undefined reference to `cuDeviceGetAttribute' deviceQueryDrv.cpp:(.text.startup+0x533): undefined reference to `cuDeviceGetAttribute' obj/x86_64/release/deviceQueryDrv.cpp.o:deviceQueryDrv.cpp:(.text.startup+0x55e): more undefined references to `cuDeviceGetAttribute' follow collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make[2]: *** [../../bin/linux/release/deviceQueryDrv] Error 1 make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/john/NVIDIA_GPU_Computing_SDK/C/src/deviceQueryDrv' make[1]: *** [src/deviceQueryDrv/Makefile.ph_build] Error 2 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/john/NVIDIA_GPU_Computing_SDK/C' make: *** [all] Error 2 I would appreciate any help that anyone can provide me with. If I can provide any further information please let me know. Thanks.

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• Checking data of all same class elements

  - by Tiffani

  I need the code to check the data-name value of all instances of .account-select. Right now it just checks the first .account-select element and not any subsequent ones. The function right now is on click of an element such as John Smith, it checks the data-name of the .account-select lis. If the data-names are the same, it does not create a new li with the John Smith data. If no data-names are equal to John Smith, then it adds an li with John Smith. This is the JS-Fiddle I made for it so you can see what I am referring to: http://jsfiddle.net/rsxavior/vDCNy/22/ Any help would be greatly appreciated. This is the Jquery Code I am using right now. $('.account').click(function () { var acc = $(this).data("name"); var sel = $('.account-select').data("name"); if (acc === sel) { } else { $('.account-hidden-li').append('<li class="account-select" data-name="'+ $(this).data("name") +'">' + $(this).data("name") + '<a class="close bcn-close" data-dismiss="alert" href="#">&times;</a></li>'); } }); And the HTML: <ul> <li><a class="account" data-name="All" href="#">All</a></li> <li><a class="account" data-name="John Smith" href="#">John Smith</a></li> </ul> <ul class="account-hidden-li"> <ul>

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• Pattern/Matcher in Java?

  - by user1007059

  I have a certain text in Java, and I want to use pattern and matcher to extract something from it. This is my program: public String getItemsByType(String text, String start, String end) { String patternHolder; StringBuffer itemLines = new StringBuffer(); patternHolder = start + ".*" + end; Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(patternHolder); Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(text); while (matcher.find()) { itemLines.append(text.substring(matcher.start(), matcher.end()) + "\n"); } return itemLines.toString(); } This code works fully WHEN the searched text is on the same line, for instance: String text = "My name is John and I am 18 years Old"; getItemsByType(text, "My", "John"); immediately grabs the text "My name is John" out of the text. However, when my text looks like this: String text = "My name\nis John\nand I'm\n18 years\nold"; getItemsByType(text, "My", "John"); It doesn't grab anything, since "My" and "John" are on different lines. How do I solve this?

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