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• How can I pipe two Perl CORE::system commands in a cross-platform way?

  - by Pedro Silva

  I'm writing a System::Wrapper module to abstract away from CORE::system and the qx operator. I have a serial method that attempts to connect command1's output to command2's input. I've made some progress using named pipes, but POSIX::mkfifo is not cross-platform. Here's part of what I have so far (the run method at the bottom basically calls system): package main; my $obj1 = System::Wrapper->new( interpreter => 'perl', arguments => [-pe => q{''}], input => ['input.txt'], description => 'Concatenate input.txt to STDOUT', ); my $obj2 = System::Wrapper->new( interpreter => 'perl', arguments => [-pe => q{'$_ = reverse $_}'}], description => 'Reverse lines of input input', output => { '>' => 'output' }, ); $obj1->serial( $obj2 ); package System::Wrapper; #... sub serial { my ($self, @commands) = @_; eval { require POSIX; POSIX->import(); require threads; }; my $tmp_dir = File::Spec->tmpdir(); my $last = $self; my @threads; push @commands, $self; for my $command (@commands) { croak sprintf "%s::serial: type of args to serial must be '%s', not '%s'", ref $self, ref $self, ref $command || $command unless ref $command eq ref $self; my $named_pipe = File::Spec->catfile( $tmp_dir, int \$command ); POSIX::mkfifo( $named_pipe, 0777 ) or croak sprintf "%s::serial: couldn't create named pipe %s: %s", ref $self, $named_pipe, $!; $last->output( { '>' => $named_pipe } ); $command->input( $named_pipe ); push @threads, threads->new( sub{ $last->run } ); $last = $command; } $_->join for @threads; } #... My specific questions: Is there an alternative to POSIX::mkfifo that is cross-platform? Win32 named pipes don't work, as you can't open those as regular files, neither do sockets, for the same reasons. 2. The above doesn't quite work; the two threads get spawned correctly, but nothing flows across the pipe. I suppose that might have something to do with pipe deadlocking or output buffering. What throws me off is that when I run those two commands in the actual shell, everything works as expected. Point 2 is solved; a -p fifo file test was not testing the correct file.

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• How to design a scriptable communication emulator?

  - by Hawk

  Requirement: We need a tool that simulates a hardware device that communicates via RS232 or TCP/IP to allow us to test our main application which will communicate with the device. Current flow: User loads script Parse script into commands User runs script Execute commands Script / commands (simplified for discussion): Connect RS232 = RS232ConnectCommand Connect TCP/IP = TcpIpConnectCommand Send data = SendCommand Receive data = ReceiveCommand Disconnect = DisconnectCommand All commands implement the ICommand interface. The command runner simply executes a sequence of ICommand implementations sequentially thus ICommand must have an Execute exposure, pseudo code: void Execute(ICommunicator context) The Execute method takes a context argument which allows the command implementations to execute what they need to do. For instance SendCommand will call context.Send, etc. The problem RS232ConnectCommand and TcpIpConnectCommand needs to instantiate the context to be used by subsequent commands. How do you handle this elegantly? Solution 1: Change ICommand Execute method to: ICommunicator Execute(ICommunicator context) While it will work it seems like a code smell. All commands now need to return the context which for all commands except the connection ones will be the same context that is passed in. Solution 2: Create an ICommunicatorWrapper (ICommunicationBroker?) which follows the decorator pattern and decorates ICommunicator. It introduces a new exposure: void SetCommunicator(ICommunicator communicator) And ICommand is changed to use the wrapper: void Execute(ICommunicationWrapper context) Seems like a cleaner solution. Question Is this a good design? Am I on the right track?

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• Do all git commands have a dry-run option?

  - by vfclists

  Do all git commands have a --dry-run option, or one which would indicate what the command would do without actually doing them?

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• Running commands though PHP/Perl scripts as a priviledged user on Linux.

  - by jtd

  Background: I am writing a script for a company that will allow users to create FTP accounts through a web interface. In the background, the script must run a bunch of commands: Add the user to the system (useradd) Open and edit various files mail the user via sendmail and a few other things... I'm basically looking for the most secure way of doing this. I've heard of the setuid method, the sudo method, and of course, running httpd as a priviledged user. There will be sanity checks on the data entered of course before any commands are executed (ie. only alphanumeric characters in usernames) What is the method used by the popular scripts out there (webmin for example), as it must be fairly secure?

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• How to automate an Amazon EC2 instance startup, execution of some commands and shutdown?

  - by Howiecamp

  I need to download 100 GB of files (it’s in about 150 files) within a 7 day period before they expire. The download is rate-limited by the host so it takes MUCH longer than the theoretical transfer rate based on normal Internet speeds. I have a script of curl http://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html commands - one line per file. I had the idea of automatically spinning up n EC2 instances, executing the command and FTPing the files to a central location, then shutting down the machines. How would I do this? I don't care whether it's Linux or Windows.

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• Good way to run commands on remote computer without its own public-facing IP address (Linux Centos)

  - by Chris Dutrow

  Have a few computers running Linux Centos 6.4. They are connected to an unmanaged switch, which in turn, is connected to a router (Verzion Fios issue). What is a good way to "log in" to one of the computers so that I can run commands? Do I need to use SSH, or something different? Since the computers do not have their own public-facing IP addresses, do I need to set up some kind of port forwarding within the router? What is a simple, reliable way to accomplish this? Thanks so much!

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• Linux terminal - frozen update of input but can execute commands?

  - by Torxed

  How do i restart a shell session from within SSH when it looks something like this: anton@ubuntu:~$ c: command not found anton@ubuntu:~$ lib anton@ubuntu:~$ this is working, but its messed up anton@ubuntu:~$ I can execute commands, but as i input them nothing shows on the console, but as soon as i press enter the command executes and the output comes (without line-endings, as shown above) exec bash bash --login clear nothing really works, restarting the SSH session however works. Temporary solution is to start a screen session and every time the interface freezes you simply do Ctrl+a-c to start a new session and close the old one..

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• How can I create persistent SSH connection to "stream" commands over a period of time?

  - by Darth

  Say that I have an application running on one PC that is sending commands via SSH to another PC on the network (both machines running Linux). For example every time something happens on #1, I want to run a task on #2. In this setup, I have to create SSH connection on every single command. Is there any simple way to do this with basic unix tools without programming custom client/server application? Basically all I want is to establish a connection over SSH and then send one command after another.

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• Why are all Linux commands broken after installing Perl?

  - by user115079

  I installed perl using following command: curl -L http://xrl.us/installperlnix | bash after that i run following command to create soft link ln -sf /usr/local/bin/perl /usr/bin/perl now I'm trying to run commands like dir, mkdir, ll, rm, vi but nothing seems to be working for me. also when i try to login into my shell i get following msg at startup: Last login: Wed Apr 4 21:50:12 2012 from x.y.z.ip -bash: perl: command not found please help. Here is system detail: cat /proc/version Linux version 2.6.18-274.18.1.el5.028stab098.1 (root@rhel5-build-x64) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46)) #1 SMP Sat Feb 11 15:30:41 MSK 2012 cat /etc/issue CentOS 5.7 32 bit Kernel \r on an \m Don't know if perl was already installed or not. and now i can't check.

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• How do I securely execute commands as root via a web control panel?

  - by Chris J

  I would like to build a very simple PHP based web based control panel to add and remove users to/from and add and remove sections to/from nginx config files on my linode vps (Ubuntu 8.04 LTS). What is the most secure way of executing commands as root based on input from a web based control panel? I am loathe to run PHP as root (even if behind an IP tables firewall) for the obvious reasons. Suggestions welcome. It must be possible as several commercial (and bloated, for my needs) control panels offer similar functionality. Thanks

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• What is the fastest way to reload history commands begin with certain characters in linux?

  - by gerry

  In Dos we can input the first several characters to filter command history and find proper one rapidly. But how to do the same thing in Linux ? for example when I am testing a local server: cd sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd start wget ... ls emacs ... sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd stop ... In Dos you can easily type sudo and switch among the three commands beginning with it using arrow keys. But in Linux, is below command the best we can do ? historty | grep sudo I don't like it, because history can easily become a mess, and it also need mouse action.

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• multiple vlans routed on one nic? trunk?General? or Access?

  - by Aceth

  ok for the last week I've tried racking my head around this... I have a SRW208P with 802.1q support, and a virtual endian appliance. I would like to be able to have 3 vlans having everything routed through the endian appliance.. i.e. The Virtual server has 2 bridged NIC's to the switch. This is where I'm getting confused .. On the 8 port switch I've got the 3 vlans set up ok (all being untagged as they are not going to be vlan aware), it's the port I'm connecting the endian firewall to the switch I'm having trouble with (second nic goes to the adsl modem and NAT'd) Is it meant to be a trunk, "Genereal" or "Access" then untagged or tagged? the end goal is to have vlan traffic routing through the single NIC and have endian route vlan traffic according to the rules. Any one have any ideas on the cisco small business stuff? Thanks

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• Where does the information shown by OS X Terminal 'Display all commands' feature come from?

  - by Sergio Acosta

  I just learned that if you hit and hold ESC while on the Mac Terminal, a prompt appears after a few seconds offering to show every command available on your system, including aliases, built-ins, and executables on your PATH. Soruce: http://www.mactricksandtips.com/2008/05/list-all-possible-terminal-commands.html However, the output is show through a more filter, and I cannot grep it or pipe it to another command. Does anyone know how this magic output is generated? Is it just generated on the fly by Terminal? Is there a bash command that can be called explicitly on the command line and get the same result? It is mostly curiosity, but I would love to be able to get the results as text I can post-process and not just browse on screen.

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• Can you specify git-shell in .ssh/authorized_keys to restrict access to only git commands via ssh?

  - by Matt Connolly

  I'd like to be able to use a ssh key for authentication, but still restrict the commands that can be executed over the ssh tunnel. With Subversion, I've achieved this by using a .ssh/authorized_keys file like: command="/usr/local/bin/svnserve -t --tunnel-user matt -r /path/to/repository",no-port-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-pty ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIetc... I've tried this with "/usr/bin/git-shell" in the command, but I just get the funky old fatal: What do you think I am? A shell? error message.

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• How to enable/disable authentication without password when executing commands as superuser?

  - by 44taka

  On a Fedora 19 system which I set up for somebody a while ago I noticed that no authentication is required when commands are executed as the superuser. So, for example, when running Yum Extender, configuring the firewall or running some command with sudo in the terminal, I am not asked to provide a password. (With graphical applications the authentication dialog pops up for a few milliseconds.) For better security I would like to disable this automatic (authentication-less) assumption of superuser privileges. I do not remember if or how I enabled this authentication without a password. I might have enabled it for convenience for the non-pro user of this machine, but did not do any "fancy" things (like editing config files) to do so. I did not edit the sudoer file. I just checked that. I might have checked a "Do not ask for password again" checkbox or something similar. Whatever I did, I would like to undo it and enforce authentication for superuser tasks again.

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• Bash command history not working

  - by user12663

  The command history between sessions is not getting saved. I'm using guake and the history for the session is working fine. I noticed that .bash_history had some commands I executed in sudo -s mode and tried the same again and all the commands while in the session got saved so I tried chmod 777 .bash_history Now the old commands appear at the start of a session but no new commands are getting saved Thanx in advance

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• Bash command history not working

  - by creepylol

  The command history between sessions is not getting saved. I'm using guake and the history for the session is working fine. I noticed that .bash_history had some commands I executed in "sudo -s" mode and tried the same again and all the commands while in the session got saved so I tried "chmod 777 .bash_history" Now the old commands appear at the start of a session but no new commands are getting saved Thanx in advance

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• Windows7 Console with session memory [closed]

  - by Mateusz

  I am searching console for windows 7 which have memory of typed commands which is stored when I close the cmd prompt. I got frustrated when I have to type again paths with commands, I'm developing for android and I use adb so you can know it can be quite a lot of commands to issue. Other workarounds would be appreciated. Open source or freeware prefed. I have, Console2 (don't store commands), git bash (can't work with that, have some paths issues).

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• Using vsx how do you create a sub menu with commands?

  - by David Basarab

  I have created the following vsct file xml. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <CommandTable xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/2005-10-18/CommandTable" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <Extern href="stdidcmd.h"/> <Extern href="vsshlids.h"/> <Extern href="msobtnid.h"/> <Commands package="guidMyVSXCommandsPkg"> <Menus> <Menu guid="guidMyVSXCommandsCmdSet" id="TopLevelMenu" priority="0x100" type="Menu"> <Parent guid="guidSHLMainMenu" id="IDM_VS_CTXT_PROJNODE"/> <Strings> <MenuText>Work???</MenuText> <ButtonText>FigureMain</ButtonText> <CommandName>TryMainMenu</CommandName> </Strings> </Menu> </Menus> <Groups> <Group guid="guidMyVSXCommandsCmdSet" id="TopLevelMenuGroup" priority="0x0600"> <Parent guid="guidMyVSXCommandsCmdSet" id="TopLevelMenu"/> </Group> </Groups> <Buttons> <Button guid="guidMyVSXCommandsCmdSet" id="cmdidMyCommand" priority="0x0100" type="Button"> <Parent guid="guidMyVSXCommandsCmdSet" id="TopLevelMenuGroup" /> <Icon guid="guidImages" id="bmpPic1" /> <Strings> <CommandName>cmdidMyCommand</CommandName> <ButtonText>DO SOMETHING REAL COOL!!!!!!!!</ButtonText> </Strings> </Button> </Buttons> <Bitmaps> <Bitmap guid="guidImages" href="Resources\Images_32bit.bmp" usedList="bmpPic1, bmpPic2, bmpPicSearch, bmpPicX, bmpPicArrows"/> </Bitmaps> </Commands> <Symbols> <!-- This is the package guid. --> <GuidSymbol name="guidMyVSXCommandsPkg" value="{70e6574c-ebed-4856-b78b-0927966cc800}" /> <!-- This is the guid used to group the menu commands together --> <GuidSymbol name="guidMyVSXCommandsCmdSet" value="{301c910a-65eb-42c4-bf0f-bc5aaac737f1}"> <IDSymbol name="TopLevelMenu" value="0x0100" /> <IDSymbol name="TopLevelMenuGroup" value="0x0200" /> <IDSymbol name="cmdidMyCommand" value="0x0300" /> </GuidSymbol> <GuidSymbol name="guidImages" value="{1997bf57-349c-434a-ad64-32a3a65e35f3}" > <IDSymbol name="bmpPic1" value="1" /> <IDSymbol name="bmpPic2" value="2" /> <IDSymbol name="bmpPicSearch" value="3" /> <IDSymbol name="bmpPicX" value="4" /> <IDSymbol name="bmpPicArrows" value="5" /> </GuidSymbol> </Symbols> </CommandTable> What the end result is I want to see when I right click a project to see the MenuText Work??? with a command of DO SOMETHING REAL COOL!!!!!!!!

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• Mac OS X : Open up 3 terminals, run different commands from all for each of them, to set up a develo

  - by taelor

  I'm a Ruby on Rails Web Developer and there is a lot of repetition I go through to start up my development environment. I was wondering if there is any way that I can remove some of this repetition by writing a script, or using a program (like quicksilver) or something to get my work environment going. I know how to use quicksilver to open up terminal, and I even have a saved window group to get my 3 or 4 panes open. The next thing I would love to automatically happen is getting all three to goto a certain directory, and each run different commands. One will start the local server, and in another tab, start a background process. the other would open text mate, and then start a console session, while the last one runs a svn(or git) status. Oh yah, and I would love to go ahead and open firefox, and a few tabs going to a couple of locations. Does anyone have any suggestions on how I could make all this happen in once quicksilver command, or a double click on some type of script on my Desktop?

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• Is there a way to log commands that a user runs in Windows 7?

  - by camster342

  I manage a large enterprise environment, and while we try to advise users not to, there are inevitably users that need to have local admin access to their machines. The problem is that some of these users like to "fiddle" and sometimes screw up their machines in "wonderful" ways. Is there an easy way to log what a user does on a machine, specifically in the command prompt? Maybe there is 3rd party tools I could use to log this information? With Linux that I used to use in past ages, you could look at a users bash history file to see what commands they have run. While I realise that specific log could also be altered by the user if they wanted to cover their tracks, that is the sort of log I'm looking for. If there are other ways I can also log what other system configuration type changes they make as well (not necessarily command line based), that's also useful. I know about event/system logs and so on, but that doesn't necessarily catch all the information I need to figure out how the user has buggered their machine this time.

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• Which scripting language to use to asynchronously ssh into equipment, run several commands, parse the output, and save to a file on my computer?

  - by Fujin

  There are several points I'd like to stress in my question. I'd like to login by asynchronously ssh'ing into our infrastructure equipment. Meaning, I do not want to connect to only one device, do all the tasks I need, disconnect, then connect to the next device. I want to connect to several devices at once in order to make the process as fast as possible. By equipment I mean 'infrastructure equipment' and not servers. I say this because I will not have the luxury of saving files to the device then transferring them to myself with scp or another method. The output of the scripts that are run will have to be saved directly to my computer. The output of the commands that are run will need to be cleaned up and parsed. Also I want the outputs of each device to be combined into one nice and neat file, not a separate file for each device. This will all be done from a linux box, using ssh, into devices that all use linux'ish proprietary OSes. My guess is the answer to my question will either be a Bash, Perl, or Python script but I figured it wouldn't hurt to ask and to hear the reasons why one way is better than another. Thanks everyone. EXTRA CREDIT: With you answer, include links to resources that will help create the script I described in the language that you suggested.

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• ubuntu 10.04 logs itself out overnight

  - by Corey

  Every night when I leave work, I lock the screen via ubuntu's "power" button in the top right hand panel. When I come to work in the morning, I'm greeted with the log-in screen. This doesn't happen every night, but most. I'm running ubuntu 10.04 on a Dell inspiron. I've included some HW specs, and also dmesg output. Please let me know what other logs may be useful. thanks! Corey ~$ dmesg [20559.696062] type=1503 audit(1285957687.048:16): operation="open" pid=6212 parent=1 profile="/usr/bin/evince" requested_mask="::r" denied_mask="::r" fsuid=1000 ouid=0 name="/usr/local/lib/libltdl.so.7.2.2" [21127.951621] type=1503 audit(1285958255.300:17): operation="open" pid=6390 parent=1 profile="/usr/bin/evince" requested_mask="::r" denied_mask="::r" fsuid=1000 ouid=0 name="/usr/local/lib/libltdl.so.7.2.2" [291038.528014] [drm:i915_hangcheck_elapsed] *ERROR* Hangcheck timer elapsed... GPU hung [291038.528025] render error detected, EIR: 0x00000000 [291038.528042] [drm:i915_do_wait_request] *ERROR* i915_do_wait_request returns -5 (awaiting 22973891 at 22973890) [291038.828014] [drm:i915_hangcheck_elapsed] *ERROR* Hangcheck timer elapsed... GPU hung [291038.828023] render error detected, EIR: 0x00000000 [291038.828042] [drm:i915_do_wait_request] *ERROR* i915_do_wait_request returns -5 (awaiting 22973894 at 22973890) ~$ lspci -vv 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 4 Series Chipset DRAM Controller (rev 03) Subsystem: Dell Device 02e1 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort+ >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: agpgart-intel Kernel modules: intel-agp 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) Subsystem: Dell Device 02e1 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 27 Region 0: Memory at fe400000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4M] Region 2: Memory at d0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M] Region 4: I/O ports at dc00 [size=8] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: i915 Kernel modules: i915 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Device 02e1 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 32 bytes Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16 Region 0: Memory at feaf8000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: HDA Intel Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 1 (rev 01) Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 32 bytes Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=0 I/O behind bridge: 00001000-00001fff Memory behind bridge: 80000000-801fffff Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 0000000080200000-00000000803fffff Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- <SERR- <PERR- BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR+ NoISA+ VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B- PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn- Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: pcieport Kernel modules: shpchp 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 2 (rev 01) Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 32 bytes Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=0 I/O behind bridge: 0000e000-0000efff Memory behind bridge: feb00000-febfffff Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000fdf00000-00000000fdffffff Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- <SERR- <PERR- BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR+ NoISA+ VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B- PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn- Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: pcieport Kernel modules: shpchp 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Device 02e1 Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 23 Region 4: I/O ports at d880 [size=32] Kernel driver in use: uhci_hcd 00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Device 02e1 Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin B routed to IRQ 19 Region 4: I/O ports at d800 [size=32] Kernel driver in use: uhci_hcd 00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Device 02e1 Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin C routed to IRQ 18 Region 4: I/O ports at d480 [size=32] Kernel driver in use: uhci_hcd 00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Device 02e1 Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin D routed to IRQ 16 Region 4: I/O ports at d400 [size=32] Kernel driver in use: uhci_hcd 00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 01) (prog-if 20) Subsystem: Dell Device 02e1 Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 23 Region 0: Memory at feaf7c00 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev e1) (prog-if 01) Control: I/O- Mem- BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Bus: primary=00, secondary=03, subordinate=03, sec-latency=32 Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort+ <SERR- <PERR- BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR+ NoISA+ VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B- PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn- Capabilities: <access denied> 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR (ICH7 Family) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Device 02e1 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel modules: iTCO_wdt, intel-rng 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation N10/ICH7 Family SATA IDE Controller (rev 01) (prog-if 8f [Master SecP SecO PriP PriO]) Subsystem: Dell Device 02e1 Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap+ 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0 Interrupt: pin B routed to IRQ 19 Region 0: I/O ports at d080 [size=8] Region 1: I/O ports at d000 [size=4] Region 2: I/O ports at cc00 [size=8] Region 3: I/O ports at c880 [size=4] Region 4: I/O ports at c800 [size=16] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ata_piix 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family SMBus Controller (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Device 02e1 Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx- Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Interrupt: pin B routed to IRQ 5 Region 4: I/O ports at 0400 [size=32] Kernel modules: i2c-i801 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller (rev 02) Subsystem: Dell Device 02e1 Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 32 bytes Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 26 Region 0: I/O ports at e800 [size=256] Region 2: Memory at fdfff000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=4K] Region 4: Memory at fdfe0000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=64K] Expansion ROM at febe0000 [disabled] [size=128K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: r8169 Kernel modules: r8169 log$ tail -n 15 Xorg.0.log.old for help. Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information. (II) Power Button: Close (II) UnloadModule: "evdev" (II) Power Button: Close (II) UnloadModule: "evdev" (II) USB Optical Mouse: Close (II) UnloadModule: "evdev" (II) Dell Dell USB Entry Keyboard: Close (II) UnloadModule: "evdev" (II) Macintosh mouse button emulation: Close (II) UnloadModule: "evdev" (II) AIGLX: Suspending AIGLX clients for VT switch ddxSigGiveUp: Closing log

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• What's the difference between find and findstr commands in Windows?

  - by Prashant Bhate

  In Windows, what are the differences between find and findstr commands? Both seems to search text in files: find c:\>find /? Searches for a text string in a file or files. FIND [/V] [/C] [/N] [/I] [/OFF[LINE]] "string" [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]] /V Displays all lines NOT containing the specified string. /C Displays only the count of lines containing the string. /N Displays line numbers with the displayed lines. /I Ignores the case of characters when searching for the string. /OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set. "string" Specifies the text string to find. [drive:][path]filename Specifies a file or files to search. If a path is not specified, FIND searches the text typed at the prompt or piped from another command. findstr c:\>findstr /? Searches for strings in files. FINDSTR [/B] [/E] [/L] [/R] [/S] [/I] [/X] [/V] [/N] [/M] [/O] [/P] [/F:file] [/C:string] [/G:file] [/D:dir list] [/A:color attributes] [/OFF[LINE]] strings [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]] /B Matches pattern if at the beginning of a line. /E Matches pattern if at the end of a line. /L Uses search strings literally. /R Uses search strings as regular expressions. /S Searches for matching files in the current directory and all subdirectories. /I Specifies that the search is not to be case-sensitive. /X Prints lines that match exactly. /V Prints only lines that do not contain a match. /N Prints the line number before each line that matches. /M Prints only the filename if a file contains a match. /O Prints character offset before each matching line. /P Skip files with non-printable characters. /OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set. /A:attr Specifies color attribute with two hex digits. See "color /?" /F:file Reads file list from the specified file(/ stands for console). /C:string Uses specified string as a literal search string. /G:file Gets search strings from the specified file(/ stands for console). /D:dir Search a semicolon delimited list of directories strings Text to be searched for. [drive:][path]filename Specifies a file or files to search. Use spaces to separate multiple search strings unless the argument is prefixed with /C. For example, 'FINDSTR "hello there" x.y' searches for "hello" or "there" in file x.y. 'FINDSTR /C:"hello there" x.y' searches for "hello there" in file x.y. Regular expression quick reference: . Wildcard: any character * Repeat: zero or more occurances of previous character or class ^ Line position: beginning of line $ Line position: end of line [class] Character class: any one character in set [^class] Inverse class: any one character not in set [x-y] Range: any characters within the specified range \x Escape: literal use of metacharacter x \<xyz Word position: beginning of word xyz\> Word position: end of word For full information on FINDSTR regular expressions refer to the online Command Reference.

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• CQRS - Benefits

  - by Dylan Smith

  Thanks to all the comments and feedback from the last post I think I have a better understanding now of the benefits of CQRS (separate from the benefits of Event Sourcing). I’m going to try and sum it up here, and point out some areas where I could still use some advice: CQRS Benefits Sounds like the primary benefit of CQRS as an architecture is it allows you to create a simpler domain model by sucking out everything related to queries. I can definitely see the benefit to this, in general the domain logic related to commands is the high-value behavior in the software, but the logic required to service the queries would add a lot of low-value “noise” to the domain model that would dilute the high-value (command) behavior – sorting, paging, filtering, pre-fetch paths, etc. Also the most appropriate domain structure for implementing commands might not be the most optimal for implementing queries. To paraphrase Greg, this usually results in a domain model that is mediocre at both, piss-poor at one, or more likely piss-poor at both commands and queries. Not only will you be able to simplify your domain model by pulling out all the query logic, but at least a handful of commands in most systems will probably be “pass-though” type commands with little to no logic that just generate events. If these can be implemented directly in the command-handler and never touch the domain model, this allows you to slim down the domain model even more. Also, if you were to do event sourcing without CQRS, you no longer have a database containing the current state (only the domain model would) which makes it difficult (or impossible) to support ad-hoc querying and/or reporting that is common in most business software. Of course CQRS provides some great scalability benefits, not only scalability but I have to assume that it provides extremely low latency for most operations, especially if you have an asynchronous event bus. I know Greg says that you get a 3x scaling (Commands, Queries, Client) of your ability to perform parallel development, but IMHO, it seems like it only provides 1.5x scaling since even without CQRS you’re going to have your client loosely coupled to your domain - which is still a great benefit to be able to realize. Questions / Concerns If all the queries against an aggregate get pulled out to the Query layer, what if the only commands for that aggregate can be handled in a “pass-through” manner with the command handler directly generating events. Is it possible to have an aggregate that isn’t modeled in the domain model? Are there any issues or downsides to this? I know in the feedback from my previous posts it was suggested that having one domain model handling both commands and queries requires implementing a lot of traversals between objects that wouldn’t be necessary if it was only servicing commands. My question is, do you include traversals in your domain model based on the needs of the code, or based on the conceptual domain model? If none of my Commands require a Customer.Orders traversal, but the conceptual domain includes the concept of a set of orders belonging to a customer – should I model that in my domain model or not? I like the idea of using the Query side of the architecture as a place to put junior devs where the risk of them screwing something up has minimal impact. But I’m not sold on the idea that you can actually outsource it. Like I said in one of my comments on my previous post, the code to handle a query and generate DTO’s is going to be dead simple, but the code to process events and apply them to the tables on the query side is going to require a significant amount of domain knowledge to know which events to listen for to update each of the de-normalized tables (and what changes need to be made when each event is processed). I don’t know about everybody else, but having Indian/Russian/whatever outsourced developers have to do anything that requires significant domain knowledge has never been successful in my experience. And if you need to spec out for each new query which events to listen to and what to do with each one, well that’s probably going to be just as much work to document as it would be to just implement it. Greg made the point in a comment that doing an aggregate query like “Total Sales By Customer” is going to be inefficient if you use event sourcing but not CQRS. I don’t understand why that would be the case. I imagine in that case you’d simply have a method/property on the Customer object that calculated total sales for that customer by enumerating over the Orders collection. Then the application services layer would generate DTO’s off of the Customers collection that included say the CustomerID, CustomerName, TotalSales, or whatever the case may be. As long as you use a snapshotting implementation, I don’t see why that would be anymore inefficient in a DDD+Event Sourcing implementation than in a typical DDD implementation. Like I mentioned in my last post I still have some questions about query logic that haven’t been answered yet, but before I start asking those I want to make sure I have a strong grasp on what benefits CQRS provides.  My main concern with the query logic was that I know I could just toss it all into the query side, but I was concerned that I would be losing the benefits of using CQRS in the first place if I did that.  I want to elaborate more on this though with some example situations in an upcoming post.

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