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  • Preventing endless forwarding with two routers

    - by jarmund
    The network in quesiton looks basically like this: /----Inet1 / H1---[111.0/24]---GW1---[99.0/24] \----GW2-----Inet2 Device explaination H1: Host with IP 192.168.111.47 GW1: Linux box with IPs 192.168.111.1 and 192.168.99.2, as well as its own route to the internet. GW2: Generic wireless router with IP 192.168.99.1 and its own route to the internet. Inet1 & Inet2: Two possible routes to the internet In short: H has more than one possible route to the internet. H is supposed to only access the internet via GW2 when that link is up, so GW1 has some policy based routing special just for H1: ip rule add from 192.168.111.47 table 991 ip route add default via 192.168.99.1 table 991 While this works as long as GW2 has a direct link to the internet, the problem occurs when that link is down. What then happens is that GW2 forwards the packet back to GW1, which again forwards back to GW2, creating an endless loop of TCP-pingpong. The preferred result would be that the packet was just dropped. Is there something that can be done with iptables on GW1 to prevent this? Basically, an iptables-friendly version of "If packet comes from GW2, but originated from H1, drop it" Note1: It is preferable not to change anything on GW2. Note2: H1 needs to be able to talk to both GW1 and GW2, and vice versa, but only GW2 should lead to the internet TLDR; H1 should only be allowed internet access via GW2, but still needs to be able to talk to both GW1 and GW2. EDIT: The interfaces for GW1 are br0.105 for the '99' network, and br0.111 for the '111' network. The sollution may or may not be obnoxiously simple, but i have not been able to produce the proper iptables syntax myself, so help would be most appreciated. PS: This is a follow-up question from this question

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  • certificate SSH login does not work on 22 but other port

    - by Hugo
    On my Red Hat server, the sshd will not accept my correct certificate login. However, If i start another sshd on another port, it works! (I assume the second sshd loads the same configruation files.) second sshd started with: sudo /usr/sbin/sshd -p 54321 -d #-d is optional and prints debug output ssh strange-host -p 22 -vvv prints: debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Offering public key: /home/me/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug3: Wrote 528 bytes for a total of 2389 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup password ssh strange-host -p 54321 -vvv prints: debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Offering public key: /home/me/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug3: Wrote 528 bytes for a total of 2389 debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-dss blen 433 debug2: input_userauth_pk_ok: SHA1 fp 0f:1c:df:27:f7:86:49:a8:47:7e:7f:f3:32:1c:7d:04:a3:73:a5:72 So the question is why the difference? I have thought of no way to get any helpful logging from the "standard" sshd to troubleshoot the problem.

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  • Cisco FWSM -> ASA upgrade broke our mail server

    - by Mike Pennington
    We send mail with unicode asian characters to our mail server on the other side of our WAN... immediately after upgrading from a FWSM running 2.3(2) to an ASA5550 running 8.2(5), we saw failures on mail jobs that contained unicode. The symptoms are pretty clear... using the ASA's packet capture utility, we snagged the traffic before and after it left the ASA... access-list PCAP line 1 extended permit tcp any host 192.0.2.25 eq 25 capture pcap_inside type raw-data access-list PCAP buffer 1500000 packet-length 9216 interface inside capture pcap_outside type raw-data access-list PCAP buffer 1500000 packet-length 9216 interface WAN I downloaded the pcaps from the ASA by going to https://<fw_addr>/pcap_inside/pcap and https://<fw_addr>/pcap_outside/pcap... when I looked at them with Wireshark Follow TCP Stream, the inside traffic going into the ASA looks like this EHLO metabike AUTH LOGIN YzFwbUlciXNlck== cZUplCVyXzRw But the same mail leaving the ASA on the outside interface looks like this... EHLO metabike AUTH LOGIN YzFwbUlciXNlck== XXXXXXXXXXXX The XXXX characters are concerning... I fixed the issue by disabling ESMTP inspection: wan-fw1(config)# policy-map global_policy wan-fw1(config-pmap)# class inspection_default wan-fw1(config-pmap-c)# no inspect esmtp wan-fw1(config-pmap-c)# end The $5 question... our old FWSM used SMTP fixup without issues... mail went down at the exact moment that we brought the new ASAs online... what specifically is different about the ASA that it is now breaking this mail? Note: usernames / passwords / app names were changed... don't bother trying to Base64-decode this text.

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  • Outbound traffic being blocked for MIP/VIPped servers (Juniper SSG5)

    - by Mark S. Rasmussen
    As we've been having some problems with sporadic packet loss, I've been preparing a replacement router (also an SSG5) for our current Juniper SSG5. I've setup the new SSG5 identically to the old one. We have a /29 IP range with a single IP setup as a MIP map to a server and two others being used for VIP maps. Each VIP/MIP is accompanied by relevant policies. Long story short - we tried connected the new SSG5 and some things were not working as they should. No problem, I just reconnected the old one. However, some things are still broken, even when I reconnected the old one. I fear I may have inadvertently changed some settings while browsing through old settings in my attempt to reconfigure the new SSG5 unit. All inbound traffic seems to work as expected. However, the 192.168.2.202 server can't initiate any outbound connections. It works perfectly on the local network, but any pings or DNS lookups to external IP's fail. The MIP & VIP map to it works perfectly - I can access it through HTTP and RDP without issues. Any tips on what to debug, or where I've messed up my config? I've attached the full config here (with anonymized IPs): set clock timezone 1 set vrouter trust-vr sharable set vrouter "untrust-vr" exit set vrouter "trust-vr" unset auto-route-export exit set service "MyVOIP_UDP4569" protocol udp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 4569-4569 set service "MyVOIP_TCP22" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 22-22 set service "MyRDP" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 3389-3389 set service "MyRsync" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 873-873 set service "NZ_FTP" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 40000-41000 set service "NZ_FTP" + tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 21-21 set service "PPTP-VPN" protocol 47 src-port 2048-2048 dst-port 2048-2048 set service "PPTP-VPN" + tcp src-port 1024-65535 dst-port 1723-1723 set service "NZ_FMS_1935" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 1935-1935 set service "NZ_FMS_1935" + udp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 1935-1935 set service "NZ_FMS_8080" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 8080-8080 set service "CrashPlan Server" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 4280-4280 set service "CrashPlan Console" protocol tcp src-port 0-65535 dst-port 4282-4282 unset alg sip enable set auth-server "Local" id 0 set auth-server "Local" server-name "Local" set auth default auth server "Local" set auth radius accounting port 1646 set admin auth timeout 10 set admin auth server "Local" set admin format dos set vip multi-port set zone "Trust" vrouter "trust-vr" set zone "Untrust" vrouter "trust-vr" set zone "DMZ" vrouter "trust-vr" set zone "VLAN" vrouter "trust-vr" set zone "Untrust-Tun" vrouter "trust-vr" set zone "Trust" tcp-rst set zone "Untrust" block unset zone "Untrust" tcp-rst set zone "DMZ" tcp-rst set zone "VLAN" block unset zone "VLAN" tcp-rst set zone "Untrust" screen tear-drop set zone "Untrust" screen syn-flood set zone "Untrust" screen ping-death set zone "Untrust" screen ip-filter-src set zone "Untrust" screen land set zone "V1-Untrust" screen tear-drop set zone "V1-Untrust" screen syn-flood set zone "V1-Untrust" screen ping-death set zone "V1-Untrust" screen ip-filter-src set zone "V1-Untrust" screen land set interface ethernet0/0 phy full 100mb set interface ethernet0/3 phy full 100mb set interface ethernet0/4 phy full 100mb set interface ethernet0/5 phy full 100mb set interface ethernet0/6 phy full 100mb set interface "ethernet0/0" zone "Untrust" set interface "ethernet0/1" zone "Null" set interface "bgroup0" zone "Trust" set interface "bgroup1" zone "Trust" set interface "bgroup2" zone "Trust" set interface bgroup2 port ethernet0/2 set interface bgroup0 port ethernet0/3 set interface bgroup0 port ethernet0/4 set interface bgroup1 port ethernet0/5 set interface bgroup1 port ethernet0/6 unset interface vlan1 ip set interface ethernet0/0 ip 212.242.193.18/29 set interface ethernet0/0 route set interface bgroup0 ip 192.168.1.1/24 set interface bgroup0 nat set interface bgroup1 ip 192.168.2.1/24 set interface bgroup1 nat set interface bgroup2 ip 192.168.3.1/24 set interface bgroup2 nat set interface ethernet0/0 gateway 212.242.193.17 unset interface vlan1 bypass-others-ipsec unset interface vlan1 bypass-non-ip set interface ethernet0/0 ip manageable set interface bgroup0 ip manageable set interface bgroup1 ip manageable set interface bgroup2 ip manageable set interface bgroup0 manage mtrace unset interface bgroup1 manage ssh unset interface bgroup1 manage telnet unset interface bgroup1 manage snmp unset interface bgroup1 manage ssl unset interface bgroup1 manage web unset interface bgroup2 manage ssh unset interface bgroup2 manage telnet unset interface bgroup2 manage snmp unset interface bgroup2 manage ssl unset interface bgroup2 manage web set interface ethernet0/0 vip 212.242.193.19 2048 "PPTP-VPN" 192.168.1.131 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 212.242.193.19 + 4280 "CrashPlan Server" 192.168.1.131 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 212.242.193.19 + 4282 "CrashPlan Console" 192.168.1.131 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 212.242.193.22 22 "MyVOIP_TCP22" 192.168.2.127 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 212.242.193.22 + 4569 "MyVOIP_UDP4569" 192.168.2.127 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 212.242.193.22 + 3389 "MyRDP" 192.168.2.202 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 212.242.193.22 + 873 "MyRsync" 192.168.2.201 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 212.242.193.22 + 80 "HTTP" 192.168.2.202 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 212.242.193.22 + 2048 "PPTP-VPN" 192.168.2.201 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 212.242.193.22 + 8080 "NZ_FMS_8080" 192.168.2.216 set interface ethernet0/0 vip 212.242.193.22 + 1935 "NZ_FMS_1935" 192.168.2.216 set interface bgroup0 dhcp server service set interface bgroup1 dhcp server service set interface bgroup2 dhcp server service set interface bgroup0 dhcp server auto set interface bgroup1 dhcp server auto set interface bgroup2 dhcp server auto set interface bgroup0 dhcp server option domainname iplan set interface bgroup0 dhcp server option dns1 192.168.1.131 set interface bgroup1 dhcp server option domainname nzlan set interface bgroup1 dhcp server option dns1 192.168.2.202 set interface bgroup2 dhcp server option dns1 8.8.8.8 set interface bgroup2 dhcp server option wins1 8.8.4.4 set interface bgroup0 dhcp server ip 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.116 set interface bgroup1 dhcp server ip 192.168.2.2 to 192.168.2.116 set interface bgroup2 dhcp server ip 192.168.3.2 to 192.168.3.126 unset interface bgroup0 dhcp server config next-server-ip unset interface bgroup1 dhcp server config next-server-ip unset interface bgroup2 dhcp server config next-server-ip set interface "ethernet0/0" mip 212.242.193.21 host 192.168.2.202 netmask 255.255.255.255 vr "trust-vr" set interface "serial0/0" modem settings "USR" init "AT&F" set interface "serial0/0" modem settings "USR" active set interface "serial0/0" modem speed 115200 set interface "serial0/0" modem retry 3 set interface "serial0/0" modem interval 10 set interface "serial0/0" modem idle-time 10 set pak-poll p1queue pak-threshold 96 set pak-poll p2queue pak-threshold 32 set flow tcp-mss unset flow tcp-syn-check set dns host dns1 0.0.0.0 set dns host dns2 0.0.0.0 set dns host dns3 0.0.0.0 set address "Trust" "192.168.1.0/24" 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 set address "Trust" "192.168.2.0/24" 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 set address "Trust" "192.168.3.0/24" 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 set ike respond-bad-spi 1 unset ike ikeid-enumeration unset ike dos-protection unset ipsec access-session enable set ipsec access-session maximum 5000 set ipsec access-session upper-threshold 0 set ipsec access-session lower-threshold 0 set ipsec access-session dead-p2-sa-timeout 0 unset ipsec access-session log-error unset ipsec access-session info-exch-connected unset ipsec access-session use-error-log set l2tp default ppp-auth chap set url protocol websense exit set policy id 1 from "Trust" to "Untrust" "Any" "Any" "ANY" permit traffic set policy id 1 exit set policy id 2 from "Untrust" to "Trust" "Any" "VIP(212.242.193.19)" "PPTP-VPN" permit traffic set policy id 2 exit set policy id 3 from "Untrust" to "Trust" "Any" "VIP(212.242.193.22)" "HTTP" permit traffic priority 0 set policy id 3 set service "MyRDP" set service "MyRsync" set service "MyVOIP_TCP22" set service "MyVOIP_UDP4569" exit set policy id 6 from "Trust" to "Trust" "192.168.1.0/24" "192.168.2.0/24" "ANY" deny set policy id 6 exit set policy id 7 from "Trust" to "Trust" "192.168.2.0/24" "192.168.1.0/24" "ANY" deny set policy id 7 exit set policy id 8 from "Trust" to "Trust" "192.168.3.0/24" "192.168.1.0/24" "ANY" deny set policy id 8 exit set policy id 9 from "Trust" to "Trust" "192.168.3.0/24" "192.168.2.0/24" "ANY" deny set policy id 9 exit set policy id 10 from "Untrust" to "Trust" "Any" "MIP(212.242.193.21)" "NZ_FTP" permit set policy id 10 exit set policy id 11 from "Untrust" to "Trust" "Any" "VIP(212.242.193.22)" "PPTP-VPN" permit set policy id 11 exit set policy id 12 from "Untrust" to "Trust" "Any" "VIP(212.242.193.22)" "NZ_FMS_1935" permit set policy id 12 set service "NZ_FMS_8080" exit set policy id 13 from "Untrust" to "Trust" "Any" "VIP(212.242.193.19)" "CrashPlan Console" permit set policy id 13 set service "CrashPlan Server" exit set nsmgmt bulkcli reboot-timeout 60 set ssh version v2 set config lock timeout 5 set snmp port listen 161 set snmp port trap 162 set vrouter "untrust-vr" exit set vrouter "trust-vr" unset add-default-route exit set vrouter "untrust-vr" exit set vrouter "trust-vr" exit

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  • SO_LINGER and closing sockets(WINSOCK)

    - by Johnny Walked
    hey. im writing a multithreaded winsock application and im having some issues with closing the sockets. first of all, is there a limit for a number of simultaneously open sockets? lets say like 32 sockets all in once. i establish a connection on one of the sockets, and passing information and it all goes right. problem is when i disconnect the socket and then reconnect to the same destination, i get a RST from the server after my SYN. i dont have the code for the server app so i cant debug it. when i used SO_LINGER and it sent a RST flag at the end of each session - it worked. but i dont want to end my connections this way. when not using SO_LINGER a FIN flag was sent but it seems the connection was not really closed. any help? thanks

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  • How to send raw data over a network?

    - by youllknow
    Hi everyone! I've same data stored in a byte-array. The data contains a IPv4 packet (which contains a udp-packet). I want to send these array raw over the network using C# (preferred) or C++. I don't want to use C#'s udp-client for example. Does anyone know how to perform this? Sorry for my bad English and thanks for your help in advance!!!

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  • Examples for Winsock?

    - by bobber205
    What do you guys recommend for a resource for winsock? I have an assignment that we have only have a few days to do that needs to send a simple packet using UDP (and receive the same type of packet). I am fairly familiar with C# sockets but nothing with C++. Any tips or resources?

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  • Substring and its reverse in a string

    - by christa
    My professor was talking about this in a Dynamic programming class and asked us to think over it. She gave us some examples as well. Given a string, we were to find the longest continuous subsequence whose reverse is also a subsequence present in the given string. Example: INPUT: pqrstuvtsrv OUTPUT: i=3, k=2 rst -> tsr (rst found first at i=3 and for 2 more positions) INPUT: mpqrsrqp OUTPUT: i=2, k=6 pqrsrqp in reverse INPUT: mmpqssss OUTPUT: i=5, k=3 I thought of putting the string and its reverse into 2 different arrays and comparing character by character. But I'm sure this is not the best way to do it. Any suggestions as to what could be the most efficient ?

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  • What does it mean whether network device is Loopback?

    - by Gtker
    Does it mean that the Loopback device handles the request like ping localhost ? If so, there should be at least one device that's loopback,but seems none of my two network device is Loopback: rpcap://\Device\NPF_{45D5ADA0-095E-49F3-BEA1-E8754390F2D4} Description: Network adapter 'Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2200BG Network Conne ction (Microsoft's Packet Scheduler) ' on local host Loopback: no rpcap://\Device\NPF_{783C5467-4026-473C-86A0-5E5A3708C624} Description: Network adapter 'Realtek RTL8169/8110 Family Gigabit Ethern et NIC (Microsoft's Packet Scheduler) ' on local host Loopback: no Can someone clarify all this?

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  • What happens with TCP packets between 2 Socket.BeginReceive Call??

    - by Rodrigo
    Hi, i have a doubt about Socket Programming, i am developing a TCP packets Sniffer, i am using Socket.BeginAccept, Socket.BeginReceive to capture every packet, but when a packet is received i have to process something, it is a fast operation, but would take some milliseconds, and then call the BeginReceive again. My question is, what would happen if some packets are sent while i am processing, and havent called BeginReceive??...are lost?...are buffered internally?...is there a limit?... Thanks in advance.

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  • Hibernate Communications Link Failure in Hibernate Based Java Servlet application powered by MySQL

    - by Vatsala
    Let me describe my question - I have a Java application - Hibernate as the DB interfacing layer over MySQL. I get the communications link failure error in my application. The occurence of this error is a very specific case. I get this error , When I leave mysql server unattended for more than approximately 6 hours (i.e. when there are no queries issued to MySQL for more than approximately 6 hours). I am pasting a top 'exception' level description below, and adding a pastebin link for a detailed stacktrace description. javax.persistence.PersistenceException: org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: Cannot open connection - Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: Cannot open connection - Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure - The last packet successfully received from the server was 1,274,868,181,212 milliseconds ago. The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. - Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure - The last packet successfully received from the server was 1,274,868,181,212 milliseconds ago. The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. - Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect the link to the pastebin for further investigation - http://pastebin.com/4KujAmgD What I understand from these exception statements is that MySQL is refusing to take in any connections after a period of idle/nil activity. I have been reading up a bit about this via google search, and came to know that one of the possible ways to overcome this is to set values for c3p0 properties as c3p0 comes bundled with Hibernate. Specifically, I read from here http://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/index.html that setting two properties idleConnectionTestPeriod and preferredTestQuery will solve this for me. But these values dont seem to have had an effect. Is this the correct approach to fixing this? If not, what is the right way to get over this? The following are related Communications Link Failure questions at stackoverflow.com, but I've not found a satisfactory answer in their answers. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2121829/java-db-communications-link-failure http://stackoverflow.com/questions/298988/how-to-handle-communication-link-failure Note 1 - i dont get this error when I am using my application continuosly. Note 2 - I use JPA with Hibernate and hence my hibernate.dialect,etc hibernate properties reside within the persistence.xml in the META-INF folder (does that prevent the c3p0 properties from working?) edit - Here are the c3p0 parameters I tried out - select 1; 2

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  • How to populate an array with recordset data

    - by Curtis Inderwiesche
    I am attempting to move data from a recordset directly into an array. I know this is possible, but specifically I want to do this in VBA as this is being done in MS Access 2003. Typically I would do something like the following to archive this: Dim vaData As Variant Dim rst As ADODB.Recordset ' Pull data into recordset code here... ' Populate the array with the whole recordset. vaData = rst.GetRows What differences exist between VB and VBA which makes this type of operation not work? What about performance concerns? Is this an "expensive" operations?

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  • change attributes of SVG graph without refresh

    - by Mike Hudak
    Hello, I have a simple SVG graph generated by GraphViz: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> <!-- Generated by graphviz version 2.26.3 (20100126.1600) --> <!-- Title: G Pages: 1 --> <svg width="138pt" height="168pt" viewBox="0.00 0.00 138.00 168.00" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="graph1" class="graph" transform="scale(1 1) rotate(0) translate(4 164)"> <title>G</title> <polygon fill="white" stroke="white" points="-4,5 -4,-164 135,-164 135,5 -4,5"/> <!-- Node1 --> <g id="node1" class="node"><title>Node1</title> <a xlink:href="http://localhost/viz/applet.php" xlink:title="Internet"> <image xlink:href="images/cloud.png" width="130px" height="77px" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin meet" x="0" y="-159.5"/> <text text-anchor="middle" x="65" y="-116.4" font-family="Times New Roman,serif" font-size="14.00">&#39;.$Internet.&#39;</text> </a> </g> <!-- Node2 --> <g id="node2" class="node"><title>Node2</title> <a xlink:href="http://localhost/viz/applet.php"> <image xlink:href="images/file server.png" width="44px" height="45px" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin meet" x="43" y="-45.5"/> </a> </g> <!-- Node1&#45;&gt;Node2 --> <g id="edge2" class="edge"><title>Node1&#45;&gt;Node2</title> <a xlink:title="Bandwidth: 1544kbps&#10;Using link: 12%&#10;VOIP calls: 4&#10;Packet rate: 10000&#10;Packet loss: 2"> <path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M65,-82.2678C65,-73.5404 65,-64.358 65,-55.8964"/> <polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="68.5001,-55.6524 65,-45.6524 61.5001,-55.6525 68.5001,-55.6524"/> </a> </g> </g> </svg> I want to change some atributes: for example " VOIP calls: 4 " -changing "4" to value from Database(LDAP) without refreshing whole SVG graph <a xlink:title="Bandwidth: 1544kbps&#10;Using link: 12%&#10;VOIP calls: 4&#10;Packet rate: 10000&#10;Packet loss: 2"> Thank you for your answers

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  • IEnumerable<T> ToArray usage, is it a copy or a pointer?

    - by Daniel
    I am parsing an arbitrary length byte array that is going to be passed around to a few different layers of parsing. Each parser creates a Header and a Packet payload just like any ordinary encapsulation. And my problem lies in how the encapsulation holds its packet byte array payload. Say i have a 100 byte array, and it has 3 levels of encapsulation. 3 packet objects will be created and i want to set the payload of these packets to the corresponding position in the byte array of the packet. For example lets say the payload size is 20 for all levels, then imagine it has a public byte[] Payload on each object. However the problem is that this byte[] Payload is a copy of the original 100 bytes. So i'm going to end up with 160 bytes in memory instead of 100. If it were in c++ i could just easily use a pointer however i'm writing this in c#. So i created the following class: public class PayloadSegment<T> : IEnumerable<T> { public readonly T[] Array; public readonly int Offset; public readonly int Count; public PayloadSegment(T[] array, int offset, int count) { this.Array = array; this.Offset = offset; this.Count = count; } public T this[int index] { get { if (index < 0 || index >= this.Count) throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(); else return Array[Offset + index]; } set { if (index < 0 || index >= this.Count) throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(); else Array[Offset + index] = value; } } public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator() { for (int i = Offset; i < Offset + Count; i++) yield return Array[i]; } System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() { IEnumerator<T> enumerator = this.GetEnumerator(); while (enumerator.MoveNext()) { yield return enumerator.Current; } } } This way i can simply reference a position inside the original byte array but use positional indexing. However if i do something like: PayloadSegment<byte> something = new PayloadSegment<byte>(someArray, 5, 10); byte[] somethingArray = something.ToArray(); Will the somethingArray be a copy of the bytes, or a reference to the original PayloadSegment which in turn is a reference to the original byte array? Sorry it was hard to word this lol _<

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  • Port forwarding in C#/software possible? Isn't it only managed by the router?

    - by Rudi
    Isn't port forwarding managed by the router? Like, I've googled up some software applications that seem to port forward with great success, but it technically seems to be impossible. The packet must first go to the router. The router must forward it to the correct computer based on port forwarding rules. So how can a software application manage port forwarding if the packet must GO to the computer running this software application in the first place, meaning that port forwarding already is successful in the first place?

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  • How do you return stolen packets back to Netfilter

    - by meg18019
    Let's say I have intercepted a packet from Netfilter and subsequently returned NF_STOLEN. At some point I want to re-inject that packet back to, in this case, the TCP stream it came from. I want to do this from Kernel space. So far I have been unable to find a way to do this. Thanks for the help.

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  • Hibernate Communications Link Failure in Restlet-Hibernate Based Java application powered by MySQL

    - by Vatsala
    Let me describe my question - I have a Java application - Hibernate as the DB interfacing layer over MySQL. I get the communications link failure error in my application. The occurence of this error is a very specific case. I get this error , When I leave mysql server unattended for more than approximately 6 hours (i.e. when there are no queries issued to MySQL for more than approximately 6 hours). I am pasting a top 'exception' level description below, and adding a pastebin link for a detailed stacktrace description. javax.persistence.PersistenceException: org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: Cannot open connection - Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: Cannot open connection - Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure - The last packet successfully received from the server was 1,274,868,181,212 milliseconds ago. The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. - Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure - The last packet successfully received from the server was 1,274,868,181,212 milliseconds ago. The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. - Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect the link to the pastebin for further investigation - http://pastebin.com/4KujAmgD What I understand from these exception statements is that MySQL is refusing to take in any connections after a period of idle/nil activity. I have been reading up a bit about this via google search, and came to know that one of the possible ways to overcome this is to set values for c3p0 properties as c3p0 comes bundled with Hibernate. Specifically, I read from here http://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/index.html that setting two properties idleConnectionTestPeriod and preferredTestQuery will solve this for me. But these values dont seem to have had an effect. Is this the correct approach to fixing this? If not, what is the right way to get over this? The following are related Communications Link Failure questions at stackoverflow.com, but I've not found a satisfactory answer in their answers. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2121829/java-db-communications-link-failure http://stackoverflow.com/questions/298988/how-to-handle-communication-link-failure Note 1 - i dont get this error when I am using my application continuosly. Note 2 - I use JPA with Hibernate and hence my hibernate.dialect,etc hibernate properties reside within the persistence.xml in the META-INF folder (does that prevent the c3p0 properties from working?)

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  • TCP 3 way handshake

    - by Tom
    Hi, i'm just observing what NMAP is doing for the 3 ports it reports are open. I understand what a half-scan attack is, but what's happening doesnt make sense. NMAP is reporting ports 139 are 445 are open..... all fine. But when i look at the control bits, NMAP never sends RST once it has found out the port is open, It does this for port 135- but not 139 and 445. This is what happens: (I HAVE OMITTED THE victim's replies) Sends a 2 (SYN) Sends a 16 (ACK) Sends a 24 (ACK + PST) Sends a 16 (ACK) Sends a 17 (ACK + FIN) I dont get why NMAP doesnt 'RST' ports 139 and 445??

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  • How to make flyspell bypass some words by context?

    - by manu
    Hi, I use Emacs for writing most of my writings. I write using reStructuredText, and then transform them to LaTeX after some preprocessing since I write my citations á-la LaTeX. This is an excerpt of one of my texts (in Spanish): En \cite[pp.~XXVIII--XXIX]{Crnkovic2002} se brindan algunos riesgos que se pueden asumir con el desarrollo basado en componentes, los This text is processed by some custom scripts that deals with the \cite part so rst2latex can do its job. When I activate flyspell-mode it signals most of the citation keys as spelling errors. How can I tell flyspell not to spellcheck things within \cite commands. Furthermore, how can I combine rst-mode and flyspell, so that rst-mode would keep flyspell from spellchecking the following? reST comments reST code literal reST directive parameters and arguments reST raw directive contents Any ideas?

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  • reStructured Text - Escape a headline?

    - by Rory
    I have a reStructuredText document. rST uses =====, etc. as a heading format. However I need to include some lines that have this text in it, e.g.: some of my text ===== stuff ===== some more of my text And I don't want the ==== to be interpreted as a heading, i.e. I don't want stuff to be a heading. I would rather that those equal signs are just displayed as is. Is this possible in rST?

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  • TCP Connection Persistent State

    - by TripShock
    Is there any field/option/anything that I can put in a TCP packet (be it a syn or an ack or just plain data) that I can be sure will be returned by the other end intact? For eg. I want to "tag" a particular connection (src, srcport, dst, dstport) with a number that I can always read from a packet belonging to that connection. That means I can identify the connection without using the 4-tuple (as given above).

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  • What does this pointer-heavy C code do?

    - by justRadojko
    Could someone explain to me what should two following lines do: s.httpheaderline[s.httpheaderlineptr] = *(char *)uip_appdata; ++((char *)uip_appdata); This is taken from uIP code for microcontrollers. s - structure httpheaderline - http packet presented as a string httpheadrlineptr - integer value uip_appdata - received ethernet packet (string) If some more info is needed please let me know. BTW. Eclipse is reporting an error on the second line with message Invalid lvalue in increment so i'm trying to figure out how to solve this.

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  • PPPTP VPN from Ubuntu cannot connect

    - by Andrea Polci
    I'm trying to configure under Linux (Kubuntu 9.10) a VPN I already use from Windows. I installed the network-manager-pptp package and added the vpn under Network Manager. These are the parameter under "advanced" button: Authentication Methods: PAP, CHAP, MSCHAP, SMCHAP2, EAP (I tried also with MSCHAP and MSCHAP2 only) Use MPPE Encryption: yes Crypto: Any Use stateful encryption: no Compression: Allow BSD compression: yes Allow Deflate compression: yes Allow TCP header compression: yes Send PPP echo packets: no When I try to connnect it doesn't work and this is what I get in the system log: 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena NetworkManager <info> Starting VPN service 'org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.pptp'... 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN service 'org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.pptp' started (org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.pptp), PID 4931 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN service 'org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.pptp' just appeared, activating connections 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pppd[4932] Plugin /usr/lib/pppd/2.4.5//nm-pptp-pppd-plugin.so loaded. 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN plugin state changed: 3 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pppd[4932] pppd 2.4.5 started by root, uid 0 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN connection 'MYVPN' (Connect) reply received. 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena NetworkManager SCPlugin-Ifupdown: devices added (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/ppp0, iface: ppp0) 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena NetworkManager SCPlugin-Ifupdown: device added (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/ppp0, iface: ppp0): no ifupdown configuration found. 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pppd[4932] Using interface ppp0 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pppd[4932] Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/pts/2 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pptp[4934] nm-pptp-service-4931 log[main:pptp.c:314]: The synchronous pptp option is NOT activated 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 7 'Outgoing-Call-Request' 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_disp:pptp_ctrl.c:858]: Received Outgoing Call Reply. 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_disp:pptp_ctrl.c:897]: Outgoing call established (call ID 1, peer's call ID 14800). 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pppd[4932] CHAP authentication succeeded 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pppd[4932] CHAP authentication succeeded 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pppd[4932] LCP terminated by peer 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_disp:pptp_ctrl.c:929]: Call disconnect notification received (call id 14800) 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_disp:pptp_ctrl.c:788]: Received Stop Control Connection Request. 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 4 'Stop-Control-Connection-Reply' 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[callmgr_main:pptp_callmgr.c:258]: Closing connection (shutdown) 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 12 'Call-Clear-Request' 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[callmgr_main:pptp_callmgr.c:258]: Closing connection (shutdown) 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 12 'Call-Clear-Request' 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[call_callback:pptp_callmgr.c:79]: Closing connection (call state) 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pppd[4932] Modem hangup 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pppd[4932] Connection terminated. 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN plugin failed: 1 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena NetworkManager SCPlugin-Ifupdown: devices removed (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/ppp0, iface: ppp0) 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pppd[4932] Exit. 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN plugin failed: 1 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN plugin state changed: 6 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN plugin state change reason: 0 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena NetworkManager <WARN> connection_state_changed(): Could not process the request because no VPN connection was active. 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena NetworkManager <info> Policy set 'Auto eth0' (eth0) as default for routing and DNS. 2010-04-08 13:54:01 pcelena NetworkManager <debug> [1270727641.001390] ensure_killed(): waiting for vpn service pid 4931 to exit 2010-04-08 13:54:01 pcelena NetworkManager <debug> [1270727641.001479] ensure_killed(): vpn service pid 4931 cleaned up Does anyone has suggestion on what can be the problem and how to make it work?

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  • PPTP VPN from Ubuntu cannot connect

    - by Andrea Polci
    I'm trying to configure under Linux (Kubuntu 9.10) a VPN I already use from Windows. I installed the network-manager-pptp package and added the VPN under Network Manager. These are the parameters under "advanced" button: Authentication Methods: PAP, CHAP, MSCHAP, MSCHAP2, EAP (I also tried "MSCHAP, MSCHAP2") Use MPPE Encryption: yes Crypto: Any Use stateful encryption: no Allow BSD compression: yes Allow Deflate compression: yes Allow TCP header compression: yes Send PPP echo packets: no When I try to connnect it doesn't work and this is what I get in the system log: 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena NetworkManager <info> Starting VPN service 'org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.pptp'... 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN service 'org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.pptp' started (org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.pptp), PID 4931 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN service 'org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.pptp' just appeared, activating connections 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pppd[4932] Plugin /usr/lib/pppd/2.4.5//nm-pptp-pppd-plugin.so loaded. 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN plugin state changed: 3 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pppd[4932] pppd 2.4.5 started by root, uid 0 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN connection 'MYVPN' (Connect) reply received. 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena NetworkManager SCPlugin-Ifupdown: devices added (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/ppp0, iface: ppp0) 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena NetworkManager SCPlugin-Ifupdown: device added (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/ppp0, iface: ppp0): no ifupdown configuration found. 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pppd[4932] Using interface ppp0 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pppd[4932] Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/pts/2 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pptp[4934] nm-pptp-service-4931 log[main:pptp.c:314]: The synchronous pptp option is NOT activated 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 7 'Outgoing-Call-Request' 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_disp:pptp_ctrl.c:858]: Received Outgoing Call Reply. 2010-04-08 13:53:47 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_disp:pptp_ctrl.c:897]: Outgoing call established (call ID 1, peer's call ID 14800). 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pppd[4932] CHAP authentication succeeded 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pppd[4932] CHAP authentication succeeded 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pppd[4932] LCP terminated by peer 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_disp:pptp_ctrl.c:929]: Call disconnect notification received (call id 14800) 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_disp:pptp_ctrl.c:788]: Received Stop Control Connection Request. 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 4 'Stop-Control-Connection-Reply' 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[callmgr_main:pptp_callmgr.c:258]: Closing connection (shutdown) 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 12 'Call-Clear-Request' 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[callmgr_main:pptp_callmgr.c:258]: Closing connection (shutdown) 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[ctrlp_rep:pptp_ctrl.c:251]: Sent control packet type is 12 'Call-Clear-Request' 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pptp[4927] nm-pptp-service-4918 log[call_callback:pptp_callmgr.c:79]: Closing connection (call state) 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pppd[4932] Modem hangup 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pppd[4932] Connection terminated. 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN plugin failed: 1 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena NetworkManager SCPlugin-Ifupdown: devices removed (path: /sys/devices/virtual/net/ppp0, iface: ppp0) 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena pppd[4932] Exit. 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN plugin failed: 1 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN plugin state changed: 6 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena NetworkManager <info> VPN plugin state change reason: 0 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena NetworkManager <WARN> connection_state_changed(): Could not process the request because no VPN connection was active. 2010-04-08 13:53:48 pcelena NetworkManager <info> Policy set 'Auto eth0' (eth0) as default for routing and DNS. 2010-04-08 13:54:01 pcelena NetworkManager <debug> [1270727641.001390] ensure_killed(): waiting for vpn service pid 4931 to exit 2010-04-08 13:54:01 pcelena NetworkManager <debug> [1270727641.001479] ensure_killed(): vpn service pid 4931 cleaned up The error that sticks out here is "pppd[4932] LCP terminated by peer". Does anyone has suggestion on what can be the problem and how to make it work?

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