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• How to make sure that grub does use menu.lst?

  - by Glen S. Dalton

  On my Ubuntu 9.04 ("Karmic") laptop I suspect grub does not use the /boot/grub/menu.lst file. What happens on boot is that I see a blank screen and nothing happens. When I press ESC I see a boot list which is different from what I would expect from the menu.lst file. The menu lines are different and when I choose the first entry it does not use the kernel options that are in the first entry in menu.lst. Where do the entries that grub uses come from? How can I find out what happens, is there a log? I could not find anything in /var/log/syslog or /var/log/dmesg about grub using a menu.lst. How can I set it to work like expected? Some Files: $ sudo ls -la /boot/grub/*lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1558 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/command.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 121 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/fs.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 272 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/handler.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4576 2010-03-19 11:26 /boot/grub/menu.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1657 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/moddep.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 62 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/partmap.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/parttool.lst $ sudo ls -la /vm* lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 2009-12-12 16:15 /vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-16-generic lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 2009-12-12 14:07 /vmlinuz.old -> boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic $ sudo ls -la /init* lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 2009-12-12 16:15 /initrd.img -> boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-16-generic lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 2009-12-12 14:07 /initrd.img.old -> boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic The only menu.lst that I found: $ sudo find / -name "menu.lst" /boot/grub/menu.lst $ sudo cat /boot/grub/menu.lst # menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8) # grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8), # grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub # and /usr/share/doc/grub-doc/. ## default num # Set the default entry to the entry number NUM. Numbering starts from 0, and # the entry number 0 is the default if the command is not used. # # You can specify 'saved' instead of a number. In this case, the default entry # is the entry saved with the command 'savedefault'. # WARNING: If you are using dmraid do not use 'savedefault' or your # array will desync and will not let you boot your system. default 0 ## timeout sec # Set a timeout, in SEC seconds, before automatically booting the default entry # (normally the first entry defined). timeout 3 ## hiddenmenu # Hides the menu by default (press ESC to see the menu) #hiddenmenu # Pretty colours color cyan/blue white/blue ## password ['--md5'] passwd # If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing # control (menu entry editor and command-line) and entries protected by the # command 'lock' # e.g. password topsecret # password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/ # password topsecret # examples # # title Windows 95/98/NT/2000 # root (hd0,0) # makeactive # chainloader +1 # # title Linux # root (hd0,1) # kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro # Put static boot stanzas before and/or after AUTOMAGIC KERNEL LIST ### BEGIN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST ## lines between the AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST markers will be modified ## by the debian update-grub script except for the default options below ## DO NOT UNCOMMENT THEM, Just edit them to your needs ## ## Start Default Options ## ## default kernel options ## default kernel options for automagic boot options ## If you want special options for specific kernels use kopt_x_y_z ## where x.y.z is kernel version. Minor versions can be omitted. ## e.g. kopt=root=/dev/hda1 ro ## kopt_2_6_8=root=/dev/hdc1 ro ## kopt_2_6_8_2_686=root=/dev/hdc2 ro # kopt=root=UUID=9b454298-18e1-43f7-a5bc-f56e7ed5f9c6 ro noresume ## default grub root device ## e.g. groot=(hd0,0) # groot=70fcd2b0-0ee0-4fe6-9acb-322ef74c1cdf ## should update-grub create alternative automagic boot options ## e.g. alternative=true ## alternative=false # alternative=true ## should update-grub lock alternative automagic boot options ## e.g. lockalternative=true ## lockalternative=false # lockalternative=false ## additional options to use with the default boot option, but not with the ## alternatives ## e.g. defoptions=vga=791 resume=/dev/hda5 ## defoptions=quiet splash # defoptions=apm=on acpi=off ## should update-grub lock old automagic boot options ## e.g. lockold=false ## lockold=true # lockold=false ## Xen hypervisor options to use with the default Xen boot option # xenhopt= ## Xen Linux kernel options to use with the default Xen boot option # xenkopt=console=tty0 ## altoption boot targets option ## multiple altoptions lines are allowed ## e.g. altoptions=(extra menu suffix) extra boot options ## altoptions=(recovery) single # altoptions=(recovery mode) single ## controls how many kernels should be put into the menu.lst ## only counts the first occurence of a kernel, not the ## alternative kernel options ## e.g. howmany=all ## howmany=7 # howmany=all ## specify if running in Xen domU or have grub detect automatically ## update-grub will ignore non-xen kernels when running in domU and vice versa ## e.g. indomU=detect ## indomU=true ## indomU=false # indomU=detect ## should update-grub create memtest86 boot option ## e.g. memtest86=true ## memtest86=false # memtest86=true ## should update-grub adjust the value of the default booted system ## can be true or false # updatedefaultentry=false ## should update-grub add savedefault to the default options ## can be true or false # savedefault=false ## ## End Default Options ## title Ubuntu 9.10, kernel 2.6.31-14-generic noresume uuid 70fcd2b0-0ee0-4fe6-9acb-322ef74c1cdf kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=9b454298-18e1-43f7-a5bc-f56e7ed5f9c6 ro quiet splash apm=on acpi=off noresume initrd /initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic title Ubuntu 9.10, kernel 2.6.31-14-generic (recovery mode) uuid 70fcd2b0-0ee0-4fe6-9acb-322ef74c1cdf kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=9b454298-18e1-43f7-a5bc-f56e7ed5f9c6 ro sing le initrd /initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic title Ubuntu 9.10, memtest86+ uuid 70fcd2b0-0ee0-4fe6-9acb-322ef74c1cdf kernel /memtest86+.bin ### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST These are the choices that grub displays after i press ESC: Ubuntu, Linux 2-6-31-16-generic Ubuntu, Linux 2-6-31-16-generic (recovery mode) Ubuntu, Linux 2-6-31-14-generic Ubuntu, Linux 2-6-31-14-generic (recovery mode) Memory test (memtest86+) Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)

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• Where'd My Data Go? (and/or...How Do I Get Rid of It?)

  - by David Paquette

  Want to get a better idea of how cascade deletes work in Entity Framework Code First scenarios? Want to see it in action? Stick with us as we quickly demystify what happens when you tell your data context to nuke a parent entity. This post is authored by Calgary .NET User Group Leader David Paquette with help from Microsoft MVP in Asp.Net James Chambers. We got to spend a great week back in March at Prairie Dev Con West, chalk full of sessions, presentations, workshops, conversations and, of course, questions.  One of the questions that came up during my session: "How does Entity Framework Code First deal with cascading deletes?". James and I had different thoughts on what the default was, if it was different from SQL server, if it was the same as EF proper and if there was a way to override whatever the default was.  So we built a set of examples and figured out that the answer is simple: it depends.  (Download Samples) Consider the example of a hockey league. You have several different entities in the league including games, teams that play the games and players that make up the teams. Each team also has a mascot.  If you delete a team, we need a couple of things to happen: The team, games and mascot will be deleted, and The players for that team will remain in the league (and therefore the database) but they should no longer be assigned to a team. So, let's make this start to come together with a look at the default behaviour in SQL when using an EDMX-driven project. The Reference – Understanding EF's Behaviour with an EDMX/DB First Approach First up let’s take a look at the DB first approach.  In the database, we defined 4 tables: Teams, Players, Mascots, and Games.  We also defined 4 foreign keys as follows: Players.Team_Id (NULL) –> Teams.Id Mascots.Id (NOT NULL) –> Teams.Id (ON DELETE CASCADE) Games.HomeTeam_Id (NOT NULL) –> Teams.Id Games.AwayTeam_Id (NOT NULL) –> Teams.Id Note that by specifying ON DELETE CASCADE for the Mascots –> Teams foreign key, the database will automatically delete the team’s mascot when the team is deleted.  While we want the same behaviour for the Games –> Teams foreign keys, it is not possible to accomplish this using ON DELETE CASCADE in SQL Server.  Specifying a ON DELETE CASCADE on these foreign keys would cause a circular reference error: The series of cascading referential actions triggered by a single DELETE or UPDATE must form a tree that contains no circular references. No table can appear more than one time in the list of all cascading referential actions that result from the DELETE or UPDATE – MSDN When we create an entity data model from the above database, we get the following:   In order to get the Games to be deleted when the Team is deleted, we need to specify End1 OnDelete action of Cascade for the HomeGames and AwayGames associations.   Now, we have an Entity Data Model that accomplishes what we set out to do.  One caveat here is that Entity Framework will only properly handle the cascading delete when the the players and games for the team have been loaded into memory.  For a more detailed look at Cascade Delete in EF Database First, take a look at this blog post by Alex James.   Building The Same Sample with EF Code First Next, we're going to build up the model with the code first approach.  EF Code First is defined on the Ado.Net team blog as such: Code First allows you to define your model using C# or VB.Net classes, optionally additional configuration can be performed using attributes on your classes and properties or by using a Fluent API. Your model can be used to generate a database schema or to map to an existing database. Entity Framework Code First follows some conventions to determine when to cascade delete on a relationship.  More details can be found on MSDN: If a foreign key on the dependent entity is not nullable, then Code First sets cascade delete on the relationship. If a foreign key on the dependent entity is nullable, Code First does not set cascade delete on the relationship, and when the principal is deleted the foreign key will be set to null. The multiplicity and cascade delete behavior detected by convention can be overridden by using the fluent API. For more information, see Configuring Relationships with Fluent API (Code First). Our DbContext consists of 4 DbSets: public DbSet<Team> Teams { get; set; } public DbSet<Player> Players { get; set; } public DbSet<Mascot> Mascots { get; set; } public DbSet<Game> Games { get; set; } When we set the Mascot –> Team relationship to required, Entity Framework will automatically delete the Mascot when the Team is deleted.  This can be done either using the [Required] data annotation attribute, or by overriding the OnModelCreating method of your DbContext and using the fluent API. Data Annotations: public class Mascot { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } [Required] public virtual Team Team { get; set; } } Fluent API: protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) { modelBuilder.Entity<Mascot>().HasRequired(m => m.Team); } The Player –> Team relationship is automatically handled by the Code First conventions. When a Team is deleted, the Team property for all the players on that team will be set to null.  No additional configuration is required, however all the Player entities must be loaded into memory for the cascading to work properly. The Game –> Team relationship causes some grief in our Code First example.  If we try setting the HomeTeam and AwayTeam relationships to required, Entity Framework will attempt to set On Cascade Delete for the HomeTeam and AwayTeam foreign keys when creating the database tables.  As we saw in the database first example, this causes a circular reference error and throws the following SqlException: Introducing FOREIGN KEY constraint 'FK_Games_Teams_AwayTeam_Id' on table 'Games' may cause cycles or multiple cascade paths. Specify ON DELETE NO ACTION or ON UPDATE NO ACTION, or modify other FOREIGN KEY constraints. Could not create constraint. To solve this problem, we need to disable the default cascade delete behaviour using the fluent API: protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) { modelBuilder.Entity<Mascot>().HasRequired(m => m.Team); modelBuilder.Entity<Team>() .HasMany(t => t.HomeGames) .WithRequired(g => g.HomeTeam) .WillCascadeOnDelete(false); modelBuilder.Entity<Team>() .HasMany(t => t.AwayGames) .WithRequired(g => g.AwayTeam) .WillCascadeOnDelete(false); base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder); } Unfortunately, this means we need to manually manage the cascade delete behaviour.  When a Team is deleted, we need to manually delete all the home and away Games for that Team. foreach (Game awayGame in jets.AwayGames.ToArray()) { entities.Games.Remove(awayGame); } foreach (Game homeGame in homeGames) { entities.Games.Remove(homeGame); } entities.Teams.Remove(jets); entities.SaveChanges();   Overriding the Defaults – When and How To As you have seen, the default behaviour of Entity Framework Code First can be overridden using the fluent API.  This can be done by overriding the OnModelCreating method of your DbContext, or by creating separate model override files for each entity.  More information is available on MSDN.   Going Further These were simple examples but they helped us illustrate a couple of points. First of all, we were able to demonstrate the default behaviour of Entity Framework when dealing with cascading deletes, specifically how entity relationships affect the outcome. Secondly, we showed you how to modify the code and control the behaviour to get the outcome you're looking for. Finally, we showed you how easy it is to explore this kind of thing, and we're hoping that you get a chance to experiment even further. For example, did you know that: Entity Framework Code First also works seamlessly with SQL Azure (MSDN) Database creation defaults can be overridden using a variety of IDatabaseInitializers  (Understanding Database Initializers) You can use Code Based migrations to manage database upgrades as your model continues to evolve (MSDN) Next Steps There's no time like the present to start the learning, so here's what you need to do: Get up-to-date in Visual Studio 2010 (VS2010 | SP1) or Visual Studio 2012 (VS2012) Build yourself a project to try these concepts out (or download the sample project) Get into the community and ask questions! There are a ton of great resources out there and community members willing to help you out (like these two guys!). Good luck! About the Authors David Paquette works as a lead developer at P2 Energy Solutions in Calgary, Alberta where he builds commercial software products for the energy industry.  Outside of work, David enjoys outdoor camping, fishing, and skiing. David is also active in the software community giving presentations both locally and at conferences. David also serves as the President of Calgary .Net User Group. James Chambers crafts software awesomeness with an incredible team at LogiSense Corp, based in Cambridge, Ontario. A husband, father and humanitarian, he is currently residing in the province of Manitoba where he resists the urge to cheer for the Jets and maintains he allegiance to the Calgary Flames. When he's not active with the family, outdoors or volunteering, you can find James speaking at conferences and user groups across the country about web development and related technologies.

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• Keep it Professional &ndash; Multiple Environments

  - by AjarnMark

  I have certainly been reading blogs a whole lot more than writing them the last several weeks, and it’s about time I got back to writing.  I have been collecting several topics and references for blog posts…some of which will probably just never get written as the timeliness of the topics fade over time.  Nonetheless, I’m back, and I think it is time to revive my Doing Business Right series, this time coming from the slant of managing a development team rather than the previous angle of being self-employed.  First up: separating Dev, Test, and Prod. A few months ago, Colin Stasiuk (@BenchmarkIT) wrote a great post about separating your Dev, Test/UAT, and Prod environments.  This post covers all the important points such as removing Developer access from both PROD and UAT, and the importance of proper deployment (a.k.a. promotion) procedures.  I won’t repeat it all here, go read the original!  But what I do want to address is what I believe to be the #1 excuse people use for not having separate environments:  Money.  I discussed this briefly in my comment on Colin’s post at the time, but let me repeat it here and expand on it a bit. Don’t let the size of your company or the size of its budget dictate whether you do things professionally or not.  I am convinced that most developers and development teams would agree that it is a best practice to have separate environments for development, testing, and production (a.k.a. Live).  So why don’t they?  Because they think that it means separate servers which means more money.  While having separate physical servers for the different environments would be ideal, it is not an absolute requirement in order to make this work.  Here are a few ideas: Use multiple instances of SQL Server and multiple Web Sites with Headers or Ports.  For no additional fees* you can install multiple instances of SQL Server on the same machine.  This gives you a nice separation, allowing you to even use the same database names as will appear in PROD, yet isolating the data and security access.  And in IIS, you can create multiple Web Sites on the same server just by using Host Headers or different port numbers to separate them.  This approach does still pose the risk of non-Prod environments impacting performance on Prod, but when your application is busy enough for that to be a concern, you can probably afford one of the other options. Use desktop PCs instead of servers.  Instead of investing in full server-grade hardware, you can mimic the separate environments on old desktop PCs and at least get functional equivalency, if not performance matching.  The last I checked, Microsoft did not require separate licensing for SQL Server if that installation was used exclusively for dev or test purposes*.  There may be some version or performance differences between this approach and what you have in Prod, but you have isolated test from impacting Prod resources this way. Virtualization.  This is of course one of the hot topics of the day, and I would be remiss if I did not suggest this.  It is quite easy these days to setup virtual machines so that, again, your environments are fairly isolated from one another, and you retain all the security and procedural benefits of having separate environments. So the point is, keep your high professional standards intact.  You don’t need to compromise on using proper procedure just because you work in a small company with a small budget.  Keep doing things the right way! By the way, where I work, our DEV environment is not on a server.  All development is done on the developer’s individual workstation where it can be isolated from other developers’ work for the duration of writing the code, but also where the developers have to reconcile (merge) differences in code under concurrent development.  This usually means that each change is executed multiple times (once per developer to update their environments with the latest changes from others) giving us an extra, informal. test deployment before even going to the Test/UAT server.  It also means that if the network goes down, the developers can continue to hum along because they are not dependent on networked resources.  In fact, they will likely be even more productive because they aren’t being interrupted by email…but that’s another post I need to write. * I am not a lawyer, nor a licensing specialist, but it appeared to be so the last time I checked.  When in doubt, consult an expert on the topic.

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• Out Of disk, but still boots

  - by LinuxPCplus

  I have a HP Compaq nx6310 notebook wth 4gb memory & a new 250gb hdd. After installing Ubuntu 12.04, i got an "out of disk" error & was unable to boot. I rebooted in live, instaled & ran Boot Repair then rebooted. Grub menu loaded fine, followed by "out of disk.....press any key to continue". I pressed a key & Ubuntu booted, a bit slow but still booted. So here are my questions: 1- Since Ubuntu DOES boot, should I just leave it alone? 2- If I need to fix this, HOW do I do it? 3- What causes this error? $wolf@lpc-1:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 230G 9.1G 209G 5% / udev 1.6G 12K 1.6G 1% /dev tmpfs 655M 868K 654M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 1.6G 260K 1.6G 1% /run/shm wolf@lpc-1:~$

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• How can I prevent ubuntu from mounting particular partitions/deivices?

  - by Patryk

  I would like to stop Ubuntu from mounting my other (Windows') partitions automatically (since I do not need it really often - and especially I would like not to automount "System reserved" partition for Windows. There is a similar question here How can I stop Ubuntu 12.04 from mounting Fedora 16's Swap Partition? but! I do not have these partitions added in /etc/fstab. How can I do it ? For proof, my /etc/fstab proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda7 during installation UUID=1384cee0-6a71-4b83-b0d3-1338db925168 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda6 during installation UUID=e3729117-b936-4c1d-9883-aee73dab6729 none swap sw 0 0 #------ MY WINDOWS D DRIVE---------- I WANT TO KEP IT UUID=98E8B14DE8B12A80 /media/d ntfs defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 0

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• lost the vertical scroll function in touchpad after upgrading from 13.04 to 13.10

  - by Lars Lundblad

  just upgraded from Ubuntu 13.04 to Ubuntu 13.10, my Laptop is a Sony SVE1512c6ew, scrolling worked perfectly in Ubuntu 13.04, doesnt work at all in 13.10 Runs Ubuntu 13.10 64bits (btw, tested it i Windows 8 environment works there)Hardware OK, have seen a number of other users with the same problem, well for starters have followed the tip on using the dconf editor, following the path: org gnome settings-daemon peripherals touchpad boxed in all for sure... still cant get vertical scroll...... Any ideas??? Thanks in advance Lars Lundblad / please feel free to mail answers to [email protected] Input device information according to Udev: Input device Subsystem: input Devtype: n/a Name: input7 Number: 7 Sysfs_path: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/serio1/input/input7 Driver: n/a Action: n/a Seqnum: n/a Device type: n/a Device number: 0 Device file: n/a Device file symlinks: n/a Touchpad device Subsystem: input Devtype: n/a Name: mouse1 Number: 1 Sysfs_path: /sys/devices/platform/i8042/serio1/input/input7/mouse1 Driver: n/a Action: n/a Seqnum: n/a Device type: char Device number: 3361 Device file: /dev/input/mouse1 Device file symlinks: /dev/input/by-path/platform-i8042-serio-1-mouse

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• Video stutter when using external drive

  - by psion

  When using boxee to play video files off of an external western digital 1TB drive formatted NTFS, I notice a slight stutter in the video every 5-10 seconds. When using mplayer, it doesn't stutter as often, but it still stutters occasionally. If I play the video off of the local sata drive, it plays fine even in boxee. I use this computer as my HTPC and I just switched from windows to linux on it. In windows, I never had any sort of stutter playing movies from the drive. I am using the latest intel graphics drivers (for the intel GMA 950) root@eee-htpc:/home/htpc# grep wd /etc/mtab /dev/sdb1 /mnt/wd2 fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=512 0 0 I notice that despite trying to use ntfs or ntfs-3g, ubuntu uses ntfs-fuse which I've heard is slower. /dev/sdb1: Timing buffered disk reads: 80 MB in 3.07 seconds = 26.08 MB/sec root@eee-htpc:/mnt/wd2# dd if=/dev/zero of=./120mb bs=1024 count=120000 root@eee-htpc:/mnt/wd2# time mv ./120mb /home/htpc real 0m2.095s user 0m0.016s sys 0m0.736s Even though fuse has a reputation for being slow, it should easily be fast enough for playing standard definition video files. So why the video stutter? edit: The issue seems to be overhead cpu usage from either playing off of a usb device or ntfs/fuse. Watching CPU usage with top, local files use 10-40% CPU. Watching the same video on the external formatted ntfs, it spikes to 170% (over 100% because of hyperthreading). To me it seems like it must be overhead from the fuse driver, though I don't know if it has more or less overhead than ntfs-3g. It's a EEEBox B202 that has an atom 270, so not exactly the most powerful out there. edit2: I believe the solution would be to use non-fuse drivers or different fuse drivers. so far I have not been able to. edit3: I've probably edited this more times than I should, but as an update I have upgraded ntfs drivers to ntfs-3g 2010.8.8 external FUSE 28 - Third Generation NTFS Driver using the following PPA - ppa:x3lectric/team-iquik-releases. When first opening a video file in boxee that's on ntfs there's still the same amount of lag. After a few minutes of video, the lag seems to go away and the cpu usage comes down to 10-40%. Every so often though, it begins to stutter again. Also, if I skip ahead/back in the file, it begins to stutter a lot.

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• how to resize an encrypted logical volume?

  - by Nirmik

  I installed Ubuntu with encryption and LVM on my entire haddisk... Now I want to resize it. How do I do This... Following this link gave me errors on step 2 - How to resize a LVM partition? error ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda5 e2fsck 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012) ext2fs_open2: Bad magic number in super-block e2fsck: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks... e2fsck: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sda5 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 what do I do?

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• Do I have to worry about "error: superfluous RAID member"?

  - by 0xC0000022L

  When running update-grub on the newly installed Ubuntu 12.04 with an older software RAID (md), I get: error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). Generating grub.cfg ... error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-23-generic error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). error: superfluous RAID member (5 found). Found Debian GNU/Linux (5.0.9) on /dev/sdb1 Found Debian GNU/Linux (5.0.9) on /dev/sdc1 done I would be less worried if the message would say warning: ..., but since it says error: ... I'm wondering what the problem is. # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md2 : active raid1 sdc1[1] sdb1[0] 48829440 blocks [2/2] [UU] md3 : active raid1 sdc2[1] sdb2[0] 263739008 blocks [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid5 sdg1[3] sdf1[2] sde1[1] sdh1[0] sdi1[4] sdd1[5](S) 1250274304 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [5/5] [UUUUU] unused devices: <none> Do I have to worry or is this harmless? btw: disregard the mentioning of Debian 5.0.9, that was the previously installed system and is going to be overwritten. It's on /dev/md2 actually.

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• Materialized View does not import properly when importing a db for a second time in another schema [closed]

  - by marinus

  When I import a database with materialized view mv_mt in just one schema there are no errors. create materialized view mv_mt refresh complete next trunc( sysdate ) + 1 as SELECT sysdate, media_type.* from media_type; But when I try to import the same database to a copy in another schema in the same tablespace I get the following errors: IMP-00017: following statement failed with ORACLE error 1: "BEGIN DBMS_JOB.ISUBMIT(JOB=>438,WHAT=>'dbms_refresh.refresh(''"ALEXANDRA"" "."MV_MT"'');',NEXT_DATE=>TO_DATE('2012-07-02:14:22:36','YYYY-MM-DD:HH24:MI:" "SS'),INTERVAL=>'sysdate + 1 / 24 / 60 / 6 ',NO_PARSE=>TRUE); END;" IMP-00003: ORACLE error 1 encountered ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYS.I_JOB_JOB) violated ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_JOB", line 100 ORA-06512: at line 1 IMP-00017: following statement failed with ORACLE error 23421: "BEGIN dbms_refresh.make('"ALEXANDRA"."MV_MT"',list=>null,next_date=>null," "interval=>null,implicit_destroy=>TRUE,lax=>FALSE,job=>438,rollback_seg=>NUL" "L,push_deferred_rpc=>TRUE,refresh_after_errors=>FALSE,purge_option => 1,par" "allelism => 0,heap_size => 0); END;" IMP-00003: ORACLE error 23421 encountered ORA-23421: job number 438 is not a job in the job queue ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SYS_ERROR", line 86 ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_IJOB", line 793 ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REFRESH", line 86 ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REFRESH", line 62 ORA-06512: at line 1 IMP-00017: following statement failed with ORACLE error 23410: "BEGIN dbms_refresh.add(name=>'"ALEXANDRA"."MV_MT"',list=>'"ALEXANDRA"."MV" "_MT"',siteid=>0,export_db=>'ORCL01'); END;" IMP-00003: ORACLE error 23410 encountered ORA-23410: materialized view "ALEXANDRA"."MV_MT" is already in a refresh group ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SYS_ERROR", line 95 ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_IREFRESH", line 484 ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REFRESH", line 140 ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REFRESH", line 125 ORA-06512: at line 1 Anyone any ideas?

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• Connection from Apache to Tomcat via mod_jk not working

  - by Tobias Schittkowski

  I would like to connect apache to tomcat via mod_jk (same machine). The ajp connector in tomcat is listening on port 8009, the worker settings are: worker.worker1.port=8009 worker.worker1.host=localhost However, the connection fails, here is the mod_jk debug log: [debug] wc_get_name_for_type::jk_worker.c (292): Found worker type 'ajp13' [debug] init_ws_service::mod_jk.c (1097): Service protocol=HTTP/1.1 method=GET ssl=false host=(null) addr=127.0.0.1 name=localhost port=80 auth=(null) user=(null) laddr=127.0.0.1 raddr=127.0.0.1 uri=/share [debug] ajp_get_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (3154): acquired connection pool slot=0 after 0 retries [debug] ajp_marshal_into_msgb::jk_ajp_common.c (626): ajp marshaling done [debug] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2449): processing worker1 with 2 retries [debug] ajp_send_request::jk_ajp_common.c (1623): (worker1) all endpoints are disconnected. [debug] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (485): socket TCP_NODELAY set to On [debug] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (609): trying to connect socket 560 to 0.0.0.0:0 [info] jk_open_socket::jk_connect.c (627): connect to 0.0.0.0:0 failed (errno=47) [info] ajp_connect_to_endpoint::jk_ajp_common.c (995): Failed opening socket to (0.0.0.0:0) (errno=47) Why does mod_jk try to connect to 0.0.0.0:0 and not to 127.0.0.1:8009??? Thank you for your help! Tobias

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• How do I mount this HDD?

  - by Casval Deikun

  I have a Windows HDD attached to an external docking bay on my Ubuntu System, but the HDD brings up an error message: Mounting exited with exit code 14:windows is hibernated, refused to mount. Failed to mount '/dev/sde2':Operation not permitted. The NTFS partition is hibernated. Please resume and shutdown windows properly or mount the volume read-only with the 'ro' mount option, or mount the volume read-write with the 'remove_hiberfile' mount option. For example type in command line: mount -t ntfs-3g-o remove_hiberfile/dev/sde2/media/FE46D60C46D5C615 I am at a loss for exactly how to remove the hiberfile, or even mount it as read-only or read-write. I tried directly copy and pasting that exact command into my terminal, but it said: mount:only root can do that I do not know what to do at this point. I do need to get the information off of this drive, but I do not have a computer to put it in. Does anyone know what I should do from here?

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• iOS Guidelines for Free vs. Paid apps

  - by unforgiven3

  A few months back, I was doing some recreational reading at the iOS Dev Center, and I came across a small list of guidelines for free vs. paid apps. It included guidance along these lines: How not to promote a paid version within a free version Not displaying "placeholder" buttons in a free version that "work" in a paid version I can't remember much more than that, and I cannot find it anymore on the iOS Dev Center. It's possible I imagined it entirely, but I doubt it - does anyone have a link to this information, or have a set of guidelines for free vs. paid apps in the App Store?

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• Create USB installer from the command line?

  - by j-g-faustus

  I'm trying to create a bootable USB image to install Ubuntu on a new computer. I have done this before following the "create USB drive" instructions for Ubuntu desktop, but I don't have an Ubuntu desktop available. How can I do the same using only the command line? Things I've tried: Create bootable USB on Mac OS X following the ubuntu.com "create USB drive" instructions for Mac: Doesn't boot. usb-creator: According to apt-cache search usb-creator and Wikipedia usb-creator only exists as a graphical tool. "Create manually" instructions at help.ubuntu.com: None of the files and directories described (e.g. casper, filesystem.manifest, menu.lst) exist in the ISO image, and I don't know what has replaced them. unetbootin scripting: Requires X server (graphics support) to run, even when fully scripted. (The command sudo unetbootin lang=en method=diskimage isofile=~/ubuntu-10.10-server-amd64.iso installtype=USB targetdrive=/dev/sdg1 autoinstall=yes gives an error message unetbootin: cannot connect to X server.) Update Also tried GRUB fiddling: Merging information from pendrivelinux.com a related question on the Linux Stackexchange and a grub configuration example I was able to get halfway there - it booted from USB, displayed the grub menu and started the installation, but installation did not complete. For reference, this is the closest I got: sudo su # mount USB pen mount /dev/sd[X]1 /media/usb # install GRUB grub-install --force --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/usb /dev/sd[X] # copy ISO image to USB cp ~/ubuntu-10.10-server-amd64.iso /media/usb # mount ISO image, copy existing grub.cfg mount ~/ubuntu-10.10-server-amd64.iso /media/iso/ -o loop cp /media/iso/boot/grub/grub.cfg /media/usb/boot/grub/ I then edited /media/usb/boot/grub.cfg to add an .iso loopback, example grub entry: menuentry "Install Ubuntu Server" { set gfxpayload=keep loopback loop /ubuntu-10.10-server-amd64.iso linux (loop)/install/vmlinuz file=(loop)/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed iso-scan/filename=/ubuntu-10.10-server-amd64.iso quiet -- initrd (loop)/install/initrd.gz } When booting from USB, this would give me the Grub boot menu and start the installer, but the installer gave up after a couple of screens complaining that it couldn't find the CD-ROM drive. (Naturally, as the box I'm installing on doesn't have an optical drive.) I resolved this particular issue by giving up and doing the "create USB drive" routine using the Ubuntu Live desktop CD (on a computer that does have an optical drive), then the USB install works. But I expect that there is some way to do this from the command line of an Ubuntu system without X server and without an optical drive, so the question still stands. Does anyone know how?

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• Developing a SQL Server Function in a Test-Harness.

  - by Phil Factor

  /* Many times, it is a lot quicker to take some pain up-front and make a proper development/test harness for a routine (function or procedure) rather than think ‘I’m feeling lucky today!’. Then, you keep code and harness together from then on. Every time you run the build script, it runs the test harness too.  The advantage is that, if the test harness persists, then it is much less likely that someone, probably ‘you-in-the-future’  unintentionally breaks the code. If you store the actual code for the procedure as well as the test harness, then it is likely that any bugs in functionality will break the build rather than to introduce subtle bugs later on that could even slip through testing and get into production.   This is just an example of what I mean.   Imagine we had a database that was storing addresses with embedded UK postcodes. We really wouldn’t want that. Instead, we might want the postcode in one column and the address in another. In effect, we’d want to extract the entire postcode string and place it in another column. This might be part of a table refactoring or int could easily be part of a process of importing addresses from another system. We could easily decide to do this with a function that takes in a table as its parameter, and produces a table as its output. This is all very well, but we’d need to work on it, and test it when you make an alteration. By its very nature, a routine like this either works very well or horribly, but there is every chance that you might introduce subtle errors by fidding with it, and if young Thomas, the rather cocky developer who has just joined touches it, it is bound to break.     right, we drop the function we’re developing and re-create it. This is so we avoid the problem of having to change CREATE to ALTER when working on it. */ IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE name LIKE ‘ExtractPostcode’                                      and schema_name(schema_ID)=‘Dbo’)     DROP FUNCTION dbo.ExtractPostcode GO   /* we drop the user-defined table type and recreate it */ IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.types WHERE name LIKE ‘AddressesWithPostCodes’                                    and schema_name(schema_ID)=‘Dbo’)   DROP TYPE dbo.AddressesWithPostCodes GO /* we drop the user defined table type and recreate it */ IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.types WHERE name LIKE ‘OutputFormat’                                    and schema_name(schema_ID)=‘Dbo’)   DROP TYPE dbo.OutputFormat GO   /* and now create the table type that we can use to pass the addresses to the function */ CREATE TYPE AddressesWithPostCodes AS TABLE ( AddressWithPostcode_ID INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY, –because they work better that way! Address_ID INT NOT NULL, –the address we are fixing TheAddress VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL –The actual address ) GO CREATE TYPE OutputFormat AS TABLE (   Address_ID INT PRIMARY KEY, –the address we are fixing   TheAddress VARCHAR(1000) NULL, –The actual address   ThePostCode VARCHAR(105) NOT NULL – The Postcode )   GO CREATE FUNCTION ExtractPostcode(@AddressesWithPostCodes AddressesWithPostCodes READONLY)  /** summary:   > This Table-valued function takes a table type as a parameter, containing a table of addresses along with their integer IDs. Each address has an embedded postcode somewhere in it but not consistently in a particular place. The routine takes out the postcode and puts it in its own column, passing back a table where theinteger key is accompanied by the address without the (first) postcode and the postcode. If no postcode, then the address is returned unchanged and the postcode will be a blank string Author: Phil Factor Revision: 1.3 date: 20 May 2014 example:      – code: returns:   > Table of  Address_ID, TheAddress and ThePostCode. **/     RETURNS @FixedAddresses TABLE   (   Address_ID INT, –the address we are fixing   TheAddress VARCHAR(1000) NULL, –The actual address   ThePostCode VARCHAR(105) NOT NULL – The Postcode   ) AS – body of the function BEGIN DECLARE @BlankRange VARCHAR(10) SELECT  @BlankRange = CHAR(0)+‘- ‘+CHAR(160) INSERT INTO @FixedAddresses(Address_ID, TheAddress, ThePostCode) SELECT Address_ID,          CASE WHEN start>0 THEN REPLACE(STUFF([Theaddress],start,matchlength,”),‘  ‘,‘ ‘)             ELSE TheAddress END            AS TheAddress,        CASE WHEN Start>0 THEN SUBSTRING([Theaddress],start,matchlength-1) ELSE ” END AS ThePostCode FROM (–we have a derived table with the results we need for the chopping SELECT MAX(PATINDEX([matched],‘ ‘+[Theaddress] collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)) AS start,         MAX( CASE WHEN PATINDEX([matched],‘ ‘+[Theaddress] collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_Bin)>0 THEN TheLength ELSE 0 END) AS matchlength,        MAX(TheAddress) AS TheAddress,        Address_ID FROM (SELECT –first the match, then the length. There are three possible valid matches         ‘%['+@BlankRange+'][A-Z][0-9] [0-9][A-Z][A-Z]%’, 7 –seven character postcode       UNION ALL SELECT ‘%['+@BlankRange+'][A-Z][A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9] [0-9][A-Z][A-Z]%’, 8       UNION ALL SELECT ‘%['+@BlankRange+'][A-Z][A-Z][A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9] [0-9][A-Z][A-Z]%’, 9)      AS f(Matched,TheLength) CROSS JOIN  @AddressesWithPostCodes GROUP BY [address_ID] ) WORK; RETURN END GO ——————————-end of the function————————   IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE name LIKE ‘ExtractPostcode’)   BEGIN   RAISERROR (‘There was an error creating the function.’,16,1)   RETURN   END   /* now the job is only half done because we need to make sure that it works. So we now load our sample data, making sure that for each Sample, we have what we actually think the output should be. */ DECLARE @InputTable AddressesWithPostCodes INSERT INTO  @InputTable(Address_ID,TheAddress) VALUES(1,’14 Mason mews, Awkward Hill, Bibury, Cirencester, GL7 5NH’), (2,’5 Binney St      Abbey Ward    Buckinghamshire      HP11 2AX UK’), (3,‘BH6 3BE 8 Moor street, East Southbourne and Tuckton W     Bournemouth UK’), (4,’505 Exeter Rd,   DN36 5RP Hawerby cum BeesbyLincolnshire UK’), (5,”), (6,’9472 Lind St,    Desborough    Northamptonshire NN14 2GH  NN14 3GH UK’), (7,’7457 Cowl St, #70      Bargate Ward  Southampton   SO14 3TY UK’), (8,”’The Pippins”, 20 Gloucester Pl, Chirton Ward,   Tyne & Wear   NE29 7AD UK’), (9,’929 Augustine lane,    Staple Hill Ward     South Gloucestershire      BS16 4LL UK’), (10,’45 Bradfield road, Parwich   Derbyshire    DE6 1QN UK’), (11,’63A Northampton St,   Wilmington    Kent   DA2 7PP UK’), (12,’5 Hygeia avenue,      Loundsley Green WardDerbyshire    S40 4LY UK’), (13,’2150 Morley St,Dee Ward      Dumfries and Galloway      DG8 7DE UK’), (14,’24 Bolton St,   Broxburn, Uphall and Winchburg    West Lothian  EH52 5TL UK’), (15,’4 Forrest St,   Weston-Super-Mare    North Somerset       BS23 3HG UK’), (16,’89 Noon St,     Carbrooke     Norfolk       IP25 6JQ UK’), (17,’99 Guthrie St,  New Milton    Hampshire     BH25 5DF UK’), (18,’7 Richmond St,  Parkham       Devon  EX39 5DJ UK’), (19,’9165 laburnum St,     Darnall Ward  Yorkshire, South     S4 7WN UK’)   Declare @OutputTable  OutputFormat  –the table of what we think the correct results should be Declare @IncorrectRows OutputFormat –done for error reporting   –here is the table of what we think the output should be, along with a few edge cases. INSERT INTO  @OutputTable(Address_ID,TheAddress, ThePostcode)     VALUES         (1, ’14 Mason mews, Awkward Hill, Bibury, Cirencester, ‘,‘GL7 5NH’),         (2, ’5 Binney St   Abbey Ward    Buckinghamshire      UK’,‘HP11 2AX’),         (3, ’8 Moor street, East Southbourne and Tuckton W    Bournemouth UK’,‘BH6 3BE’),         (4, ’505 Exeter Rd,Hawerby cum Beesby   Lincolnshire UK’,‘DN36 5RP’),         (5, ”,”),         (6, ’9472 Lind St,Desborough    Northamptonshire NN14 3GH UK’,‘NN14 2GH’),         (7, ’7457 Cowl St, #70    Bargate Ward  Southampton   UK’,‘SO14 3TY’),         (8, ”’The Pippins”, 20 Gloucester Pl, Chirton Ward,Tyne & Wear   UK’,‘NE29 7AD’),         (9, ’929 Augustine lane,  Staple Hill Ward     South Gloucestershire      UK’,‘BS16 4LL’),         (10, ’45 Bradfield road, ParwichDerbyshire    UK’,‘DE6 1QN’),         (11, ’63A Northampton St,Wilmington    Kent   UK’,‘DA2 7PP’),         (12, ’5 Hygeia avenue,    Loundsley Green WardDerbyshire    UK’,‘S40 4LY’),         (13, ’2150 Morley St,     Dee Ward      Dumfries and Galloway      UK’,‘DG8 7DE’),         (14, ’24 Bolton St,Broxburn, Uphall and Winchburg    West Lothian  UK’,‘EH52 5TL’),         (15, ’4 Forrest St,Weston-Super-Mare    North Somerset       UK’,‘BS23 3HG’),         (16, ’89 Noon St,  Carbrooke     Norfolk       UK’,‘IP25 6JQ’),         (17, ’99 Guthrie St,      New Milton    Hampshire     UK’,‘BH25 5DF’),         (18, ’7 Richmond St,      Parkham       Devon  UK’,‘EX39 5DJ’),         (19, ’9165 laburnum St,   Darnall Ward  Yorkshire, South     UK’,‘S4 7WN’)       insert into @IncorrectRows(Address_ID,TheAddress, ThePostcode)        SELECT Address_ID,TheAddress,ThePostCode FROM dbo.ExtractPostcode(@InputTable)       EXCEPT     SELECT Address_ID,TheAddress,ThePostCode FROM @outputTable; If @@RowCount>0        Begin        PRINT ‘The following rows gave ‘;     SELECT Address_ID,TheAddress,ThePostCode FROM @IncorrectRows        RAISERROR (‘These rows gave unexpected results.’,16,1);     end   /* For tear-down, we drop the user defined table type */ IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.types WHERE name LIKE ‘OutputFormat’                                    and schema_name(schema_ID)=‘Dbo’)   DROP TYPE dbo.OutputFormat GO /* once this is working, the development work turns from a chore into a delight and one ends up hitting execute so much more often to catch mistakes as soon as possible. It also prevents a wildly-broken routine getting into a build! */

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• Sony VAIO is booting directly into Windows without showing grub

  - by Rohan Dhruva

  I bought a new Sony Vaio S series laptop. It uses Insyde H2O BIOS EFI, and trying to install Linux on it is driving me crazy. root@kubuntu:~# parted /dev/sda print Model: ATA Hitachi HTS72756 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 640GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 274MB 273MB fat32 EFI system partition hidden 2 274MB 20.8GB 20.6GB ntfs Basic data partition hidden, diag 3 20.8GB 21.1GB 273MB fat32 EFI system partition boot 4 21.1GB 21.3GB 134MB Microsoft reserved partition msftres 5 21.3GB 342GB 320GB ntfs Basic data partition 6 342GB 358GB 16.1GB ext4 Basic data partition 7 358GB 374GB 16.1GB ntfs Basic data partition 8 374GB 640GB 266GB ntfs Basic data partition What is surprising is that there are 2 EFI system partitions on the disk. The sda2 partition is a 20gb recovery partition which loads windows with a basic recovery interface. This is accessible by pressing the "ASSIST" button as opposed to the normal power button. I presume that the sda1 EFI System Partition (ESP) loads into this recovery. The sda3 ESP has more fleshed out entries for Microsoft Windows, which actually goes into Windows 7 (as confirmed by bcdedit.exe on Windows). Ubuntu is installed on sda6, and while installation I chose sda3 as my boot partition. The installer correctly created a sda3/EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi application. The real problem: for the life of me, I can't set it to be the default! I tried creating a sda3/startup.nsh which called grubx64.efi, but it didn't help -- on rebooting, the system still boots into windows. I tried using efibootmgr, and that shows as it it worked: root@kubuntu:~# efibootmgr BootCurrent: 0000 BootOrder: 0000,0001 Boot0000* EFI USB Device Boot0001* Windows Boot Manager root@kubuntu:~# efibootmgr --create --gpt --disk /dev/sda --part 3 --write-signature --label "GRUB2" --loader "\\EFI\\ubuntu\\grubx64.efi" BootCurrent: 0000 BootOrder: 0002,0000,0001 Boot0000* EFI USB Device Boot0001* Windows Boot Manager Boot0002* GRUB2 root@kubuntu:~# efibootmgr BootCurrent: 0000 BootOrder: 0002,0000,0001 Boot0000* EFI USB Device Boot0001* Windows Boot Manager Boot0002* GRUB2 However, on rebooting, as you guessed, the machine rebooted directly back into Windows. The only things I can think of are: The sda1 partition is somehow being used Overwrite /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi and /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi with grubx64.efi [but this seems really radical]. Can anyone please help me out? Thanks -- any help is greatly appreciated, as this issue is driving me crazy!

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• grub2 loopback booting ubuntu server iso

  - by Thermionix

  I've got usb-keys setup to multi-boot different linux images using grub2 loopback. The standard ubuntu release isos boot fine, however when attempting to use the server iso it will fail to install saying 'unable to detect cd-media for installation'. the grub.cfg entry; menuentry "ubuntu-12.04-server-amd64" { set isofile="/boot/ubuntu-12.04-server-amd64.iso" loopback loop $isofile linux (loop)/install/vmlinuz file=$isofile/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed ro noprompt noeject -- initrd (loop)/install/initrd.gz } I've attempted to add the following parameters as the fromiso works for debian images on the key iso-scan/filename=/boot/ubuntu-12.04-server-amd64.iso iso-scan/filename=/dev/disk/by-uuid/2859-44B7/boot/ubuntu-12.04-server-amd64.iso fromiso=/dev/disk/by-uuid/2859-44B7/boot/ubuntu-12.04-server-amd64.iso

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• cannot format a fat filesystem, getting error "Both FATs appear to be corrupt. Giving up."

  - by Nilesh

  i am trying format an FAT (or FAT32) file system on my ubuntu system, but i am not able to format the device, each time i am getting the error "Both FATs appear to be corrupt. Giving up." i have tried all options like sudo dosfsck -t -a -w /dev/sdc1 sudo dosfsck -w -r -l -a -v -t /dev/sdc1 but each time the same message comes, can any one guide me how to recover the filesystem, also i don't mind losing data of this drive as this is an external pen drive. Also, can u pl suggest of some method other then booting from a CD with software like GPARTED or something like that.

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• How do I reinstate my admin user privileges to global read/write

  - by Matt

  I am running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. I only have the one user which I created when I installed Ubuntu. Everything has been fine - love it - until I updated a software package recently from the command line using sudo (not gksudo). I was having a little bother which did not make sense to me and in a fluff changed my user read/write privileges through the GUI (not even clear how I got there!). After restart I was stuck in a login loop - using the right login password but kept getting looped back to the login and could only login as Guest. I could still login with my user/password via ctrl + alt + f1 Eventually I was able to login again at start up. Not sure exactly what it was I changed that worked but it was one of/or a combination of installing latest security updates, changing login manager from LightDM to DGM and back again, removing the ICE/Xauthority and chown user. Current dilemma is my primary admin user privileges were read only. In the command line ls -ls /home/user returned this value: drwx------ 48 username username 20480 I have since changed this using sudo chmod 0755 /home/username (from my limited understanding 755 should return my user privileges to their original read/write glory). ls -ld /home/user currently shows my user privileges as: drwxr-xr-x 48 username username 20480 I still seem to have only read access permissions. I've been through lots of threads (and the help file) that talk about creating new users/groups permissions etc. but specific info on returning my existing global/admin/primary users privileges to what they were when I first created that user - baffling me. I feel this is something really simple I'm just not getting it. Please help! sudo mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /proc type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusect1 (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=07pe tmpfs55) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw, ,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880 none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/meng/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=meng) none on /tmp/guest-1R2Fi5 type tmpsf (rw,mode=700)

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• Can't mount cds after failed Brasero burn

  - by Allan

  Brasero failed to burn a disk recently, and now I can't access CD-ROMS. Even CD-Rs are not not showing. Using Ubuntu 11.10 on a Dell D510 Lattitude laptop. allan@allan-Latitude-D510:~$ cdrecord -checkdrive Device was not specified. Trying to find an appropriate drive... Detected CD-R drive: /dev/cdrw Using /dev/cdrom of unknown capabilities Device type : Removable CD-ROM Version : 5 Response Format: 2 Capabilities : Vendor_info : 'TSSTcorp' Identification : 'DVD+-RW TS-L532B' Revision : 'DE04' Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW. Using generic SCSI-3/mmc CD-R/CD-RW driver (mmc_cdr). Driver flags : MMC-3 SWABAUDIO BURNFREE Supported modes: TAO PACKET SAO SAO/R96P SAO/R96R RAW/R96R My CD drive is now useless, and any help on getting it to read/burn would be appreciated.

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• USB3 boot device disappears post-grub

  - by JoBu1324

  I have an installation of Ubuntu 12.10 on a USB3 device, and it occasionally disappears during boot, dropping me into busybox. This is what I've been able to figure out so far: During a single boot, the following happened: At the grub2 menu, I typed c and dropped to the grub> prompt I typed ls -l and got a list of all the devices, including partitions and UUIDs - the USB3 partitions were available I escaped back to the boot select menu, selected the default item (ubuntu) and hit enter The screen went black for a second before turning into the purple Ubuntu boot screen with the dots (which usually indicates that the boot will fail. When all is well I don't get the black screen) The boot dropped into BusyBox v1.19.3 with the message `ALERT! /dev/disk/by-uuid/[uuid] does not exist blkid displays all of the partitions except those of the USB3 device, as does ls /dev/disk/by-uuid or any of the alternatives.

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• Rails Easy Data Dumping

  - by Madhan ayyasamy

  Hi Friends,The following useful snippets,you can find out the easiest way of ruby on rails environment data dumping. You’ll often need to get data from production to dev or dev to your local or your local to another developer’s local. One plug-in we use over and over is Yaml_db. This nifty little plug-in enables you to dump or load data by issuing a Rake command. The data is persisted in a yaml file located in db/data.yml. This is very portable and easy to read if you need to examine the data.01rake db:data:dump02 03example data found in db/data.yml04 05---06campaigns:07  columns:08  - id09  - client_id10  - name11  - created_at12  - updated_at13  - token14  records:15  - - "1"16    - "1"17    - First push18    - 2008-11-03 18:23:5319    - 2008-11-03 18:23:5320    - 3f2523f6a66521  - - "2"22    - "2"23    - First push24    - 2008-11-03 18:26:5725    - 2008-11-03 18:26:5726    - 9ee8bc427d94

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• Displaying the Saved Pictures in the Windows Phone 8 emulator

  - by Laurent Bugnion

  One cool feature of the Windows Phone emulator is that it allows you to select pictures from your app (using the PhotoChooserTask) without having to try your app on a physical device. For example, this code (which I used in some of my recent presentations) will trigger the Photo Chooser UI to be displayed on the emulator too: private Action<IEnumerable<IImageFileInfo>> _callback; public void SelectFiles(Action<IEnumerable<IImageFileInfo>> callback) { var task = new PhotoChooserTask { ShowCamera = true }; task.Completed += TaskCompleted; _callback = callback; task.Show(); } void TaskCompleted(object sender, PhotoResult e) { if (e.Error == null && e.ChosenPhoto != null && _callback != null) { var fileName = e.OriginalFileName .Substring(e.OriginalFileName.LastIndexOf("\\") + 1); var info = new FileViewModel(e.ChosenPhoto, fileName); var infos = new List<IImageFileInfo> { info }; _callback(infos); } } In Windows Phone 8 however, when you execute this code, you will be shown an almost empty Photo Chooser UI: Notice that the “Saved Pictures” album is missing. At first I thought it was just not there at all, but you can actually restore it with the following steps: Press on the Windows button On the main screen, press on Photos Press on Albums Open the so called “8” photo album Press Back until you are back into your app and try again. This time you will see the saved pictures, and can perform your tests in more realistic conditions! Happy coding! Laurent   Laurent Bugnion (GalaSoft) Subscribe | Twitter | Facebook | Flickr | LinkedIn

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• How to send packets via a pptp vpn tunnel?

  - by Phill

  I'm trying to send certain port traffic through my ppp0 interface it's a pptp vpn tunnel, First, I'm using a wireless usb interface, I connect up to my access point, then I initiate my vpn, there is a connection but I do not channel all connexions through that, nor do I want to, so, say I want to channel all port 80 packets through my vpn (interface dev ppp0). I first run: iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j MARK --set-mark 0xa to mark the correct packets then I add a table named vpn_table, I then add ip route add default dev ppp0 table vpn_table when I do that traffic begins to dribble through the ppp0, but no pages load. I supose I must have caused some sort of coflict, or the route I'm adding in vpn_table isn't quite right. I'm not sure, I think I'm marking the packets correctly but I can't be sure of that either. UPDATE: I think i've got part of the issue solved: running tcpdump -i ppp0 showed me that indeed there was outgoing requests via ppp0, now, there is never a response, and pages do not load with using that interface..i'm still missing something.

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• GPT Not mounting using "normal" GPT mounting techniques 12.04

  - by Roy Markham

  I've got two 2TB drivess: one MBR and the other GPT. sudo blckid /dev/sdb1 returns a blank. gdisk shows: Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT. Warning! Secondary partition table overlaps the last partition by 1970 blocks! You will need to delete this partition or resize it in another utility. Disk /dev/sdb: 3907027055 sectors, 1.8 TiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): 38A1113D-B5E9-4B69-ABFF-ACB27AFB3DDD Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 3907027021 Partitions will be aligned on 8-sector boundaries Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 34 262177 128.0 MiB 0C01 Microsoft reserved part 2 264192 3907028991 1.8 TiB 0700 Basic data partition mounting via fstab or -t gives same error when using NTFS or NTFS-3g "NTFS signature is missing" GParted says one partition is overwriting another, yet windows shows no errors at all. The drive is also mounted easily via MacOs (triple boot)

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