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• How do you apply development practices like version control, testing and continuous integration/deployment to system administration?

  - by arex1337

  Imagine you're going to manage a number of servers with a number of different services that's used by a number of people. Now say you want to reconfigure or replace some software on one of those servers. Obviously you don't want to work on servers that are in production. If this was a code change, as a developer, I would make the change on my local development machine, test it locally and commit the change to a version control system. The changes could then be deployed in a staging environment, tested further and finally deployed in a production environment. It would also be easy for me to roll back, if necessary. Generally, or specifically, how do you achieve this in system administration? (The first thing that comes to mind is to use virtual machines and put virtual machine images in version control, but I'm sure there is a lot of literature and clever solutions I'm not presently aware of.)

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• Puppet causes endless restarts of CUPS (how does one prevent this)

  - by Purfideas

  Hi! It makes sense, and is in fact suggested on this site, to have a critical file change trigger a service restart with puppet meta-parameters (such as notify or subscribe). For example: ## file definition for printers.conf file { "/etc/cups/printers.conf": [snip], source => "puppet:///module/etc/cups/printers.conf" } ## service definition for sshd service { 'cups': ensure => running, subscribe => File['/etc/cups/printers.conf'] } But in the case of CUPS, this triggers and endless loop of restarts; the logic works like this: Change puppetmaster's version of /etc/cups/printers.conf puppetmaster pushes new version to client, triggering cups restart cupsd restart insists on putting its own time stamp at the top of printers.conf, 'Written by cupsd...' This change will be seen as out of date, so after runinterval, we return to (1). Is there a way to suppress cupsd's need to time stamp the file? Or is there a puppet trick that could help here? Thanks!

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• Changing Text in Visio Org Chart Shape Changes Multiple Shapes' Text

  - by Eric

  I have inherited an organizational chart that was created in Visio 2003. I am updating it with Visio 2007. When changing the text in one shape, such as a person's title, multiple shapes nearby change their text to the same. For example, if I change Bob's title from Programmer to Programmer/DBA then Wendy's text will change to "Bob - Programmer/DBA". Some changes update three or four other boxes. Some changes will only update one box. My thought is the originator copied or duplicated the one box to create multiple boxes and it created some type of link between them. How do I remove this link? Thanks!

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• SQL Server 2005: Rename DB Server Instance Name?

  - by Code Sherpa

  Hi, Can somebody tell me how to rename the DB server instance name and a DB name in SQL Server 2005? Right Now I Have SERVER/OLDNAME -- oldnameDB I want to change the server instance and also change the db name. I have tried: EXEC sp_renamedb 'oldName', 'newName' and that has changed the dbname as it appers in the tree directory. But, when I do "select @@servername" it is the old name. Also, the MDF and LDF files are still the old name. How do change instance and db names as a clean sweep across the server? Thanks.

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• Attempting to caue packet loss with netem doesn't work - possibly because of NAT (but delay does work)

  - by tomdee

  I have traffic from a WIFI access point routed via an Ubuntu box. I have two network interfaces which are NATed *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [11:690] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [37:6224] -A FORWARD -s 192.168.2.0/24 -i eth1 -o eth0 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Thu Mar 15 13:37:21 2012 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.10 on Thu Mar 15 13:37:21 2012 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE COMMIT If I run a ping app on an Android device connected to the WIFI network I can happily ping google. If I use netem to introduce some delay tc qdisc change dev eth0 root netem delay 100ms I can clearly see pings taking longer. If I use netem to introduce some packet loss tc qdisc change dev ifb0 root netem loss 50% then I see no change. Packet loss does work fine for locally generated traffic, just not for traffic coming in over the network that's being NATed. Any ideas how to sort this out?

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• What does advantages of WIM image that file based vs. ISO or another sector based images in Administrator

  - by saber tabatabaee yazdi

  answers of this question is very important to administrators to choose between Microsoft solution or other 3rd Party Tools. WIM solution is file based and others are sector by sector images like Acronis or other backup and clone tools like Norton Ghost or Cloning in vmware ESXi and etc. My question about the advantages of WIM to edit or deploy in Enterprise? to get agreements of managers to choose between these alternative decisions. Are we had any Key Performance Indicators in Change management? Are there any statistics about compares of these solutions? What Time is spend in any solotion to get image or change images or revert and apply images? Is it possible to change and modify images that made in All of these solutions as easy as in WIM file?

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• Grapher: Edit Equations Without GUI

  - by Nathan G.

  I'm trying to edit the equation of a Grapher file without opening the Grapher UI. I've gotten as far as knowing that I need a hex editor to do this. I can't, however, find my equation in that file to change it. Does anyone know how Grapher stores this information, and how to change it? My ultimate goal is to be able to change the file through the shell so I can open it and have Grapher show me my new equation (that was set with the CL). Thanks! I will set a bounty if necessary.

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• Changing the passphrase of a private key in Windows

  - by janos

  I have a private key in Windows, created by puttygen.exe. I used default options to save it, the tool automatically gave it a .ppk extension, and it looks like this: PuTTY-User-Key-File-2: ssh-rsa Encryption: none Comment: rsa-key-20130627 Public-Lines: 4 AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABJQAAAIBnvvAhyMs4rdlQd4OdajDw4jIPi6vIjrWjt4l4 5C3wHOSxyQQdtSA8XT3K0rSBnNtZRJTb5mfix67qQe3pHCTMSNsYIaBi8xQJHZRa RxdY+1VtGnSlEma8KO2We9eDNCGiwrRTUzqvTiGCnzU0pF1MXxu3ObISJcpqv+sQ 1GB0cw== Private-Lines: 8 AAAA.......... Private-MAC: XXXXXXXXX Now I need to change the passphrase, and reading from the docs it seemed simple enough: puttygen.exe -P key.ppk But this pops up a window with this error: PuTTYgen Error: Couldn't load private key (unable to open file) I also tried to change the passphrase using ssh-keygen that comes with Git Bash: ssh-keygen.exe -p -f key.ppk It asks for my old passphrase, but then it gives me the error Bad passphrase. Which is not true, because I can add the key in pageant.exe, and I am not mistyping the passphrase... Anything else I can try to change or drop the passphrase?

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• Laptop changes closing lid power options based on media/music playing

  - by Backdraft

  Hi, This is on a Lenovo X60 running Windows 7 Professional. This is just a pet peeve of mine, but I was wondering if it were somehow possible to have my laptop autodetect whether any media/music is playing on and change/switch the "Close lid" options under Power Options, ie. when something is playing change state to "Do Nothing" otherwise change state to "Sleep". I guess I can probably set a some key combo up with AutoHotKey to do it, but was hoping Windows could detect and switch my Power Options automatically. Thanks.

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• Toggle "ask for password after screensaver/sleep" or the delay in 10.7 using terminal

  - by desbo

  There's an option in the preference panel to change the time the mac is able to be in sleep/screensaver before requiring a password to be unlocked again. I'm using OS X Lion 10.7. Is there any way to change this setting using the terminal or an applescript? I tried to change the plist file using: defaults write com.apple.screensaver askForPasswordDelay -int 60 also tried defaults write com.apple.screensaver askForPasswordDelay -float 60 also completely disabling the password didnt work either defaults write com.apple.screensaver askForPassword -int 0 The plist file was changed, but it had no effects at all. It's the same plist file that gets changed when manually switching the setting in the preferences. Would be awesome if anyone got an idea how to fix my problem. EDIT: also tried to: 1) add -currentHost flag 2) drop the -int / -float

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• virsh console and tty size

  - by pehrs

  I have a virtualization server to which I connect over ssh. If I now change the size of the window it will automatically propagate to the server. It's most easily seen using stty -a, checking the columns and row values. I then use virsh console to connect to the serial interface on a KVM based virtual machine. When I now change the size of the window it does not propagate to the virtual server. This is most easily seen by checking stty -a, which is not updated on the virtual machine when I change window size. This means that line breaks does not work correctly in the terminal and any application that relies on window size for formatting (emacs, man, etc) gets messed up unless the window size on the client matches the default size on the server. A workaround is to manually set the window size to match the client window using stty, but I wonder if there is any way to get this information to propagate and set the window size in the virtual machine automatically.

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• How to display password policy information for a user (Ubuntu)?

  - by C.W.Holeman II

  Ubuntu Documentation Ubuntu 9.04 Ubuntu Server Guide Security User Management states that there is a default minimum password length for Ubuntu: By default, Ubuntu requires a minimum password length of 4 characters Is there a command for displaying the current password policies for a user (such as the chage command displays the password expiration information for a specific user)? > sudo chage -l SomeUserName Last password change : May 13, 2010 Password expires : never Password inactive : never Account expires : never Minimum number of days between password change : 0 Maximum number of days between password change : 99999 Number of days of warning before password expires : 7 This is rather than examining various places that control the policy and interpreting them since this process could contain errors. A command that reports the composed policy would be used to check the policy setting steps.

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• Renaming Nginx 1.3.5 Server: response header

  - by Ryan

  In nginx 1.2 & 1.3 you can modify the source to change the name: src/http/ngx_http_header_filter_module.c (lines 48 and 49): static char ngx_http_server_string[] = "Server: Not Nginx" CRLF; static char ngx_http_server_full_string[] = "Server: Not Nginx/1.0" CRLF; Renaming those and recompiling the source changes the server response name in nginx 1.2. However doing this in 1.3 does not seem to change the name. It still says nginx/1.3.5 and with server_tokens off; it just says nginx. How can I change the server name in 1.3 without installing the 3rd party addon headers more? I want to compile from source.

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• How can I make Picasa see changes I make to photos using jhead?

  - by Dan

  Last fall I forgot to set the time on my camera back an hour. I used jhead to change the time in the EXIF data: jhead -ta-1 IMG_1177.JPG but Picasa didn't notice. OS is Windows XP. If I right-click the picture in Picasa and choose Properties, in the top section of the dialog it shows "Date: 3/6/2010 11:22:54 AM" but in the Property|Value section it shows "Camera Date | 2010:03:06 10:22:54". I tried using "Refresh thumbnails" but that didn't help. Picasa notices other changes, like if I edit the photo in the Gimp or change the filename, but for some reason it doesn't notice this change.

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• Cross-update Word Fields

  - by Brent Arias

  I want to change a date in a field within my word document, and have it update a couple other fields automatically within the same document. The behavior I'm seeking is basically the same as what a spreadsheet can do. Is this possible? More specifically, if the first page of the document has the date Jan 20 2012, I want to be able to change it, and then watch a couple other dates elsewhere automatically change to either the same date or the same date plus six days. I would also "settle" for having all three fields updated from a central document property (though I don't know how to create one of those properties). Regardless of which approach is used, I want one of the dates to be <value> plus six days such as Jan 26 2012 based on the earlier example I gave.

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• Changing size of window when testing Adobe AIR mobile applications

  - by Peter

  Im making a mobile phone Android application in Flash CS 5.5. I set the width/height of the stage to 480/800 px. When I hit CTRL+ENTER to test run the application I get a window that is 480/800 px. It cannot be resized. I want to change the size of that window WITHOUT changing the stage width/height. For example if I run the APK on a mobile phone with a 1000x1000 display the flash will scale automatically to fit the 480/800 stage to the 1000x1000 screen. So it should be possible to change the window size to 1000x1000 without having to change the stage width/height. But how?

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• How can I replace red in an image with a certain shade of gray?

  - by Malcolm Frexner

  In this image I have to change red to grey: I know I can just set the saturation to zero, but then the result is a grey that is to dark. I could just change the brightness, but that would also change the left lower part of the picture: Is there an adjustment that only works on the red parts of the image? I can't use a selection, because the setting has to be applied to lots of images. EDIT I tried to use "replace adjustment tool", but that did not work well for the shdows and bright parts of the image, even with the largest fuzzines. I used blue as the replacement colour, to have a better impression of what it does.

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• I modified my registry and now my laptop doesn't report its battery or power settings

  - by Crouch

  I saved a backup of my registry and then made a change to it. After the change, the Windows 7 battery meter no longer reported how much battery power was left. I also was no longer able to change between Power Profiles in the Control Panel. I tried to restore the original registry but it didn't restore the lost power features. Now I have to keep my laptop plugged in all day because I never know how much power I have left. Anyone know what to do here?

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• How do networking ports work? Can I configure the ports that client and server use?

  - by joedotnot

  Let's say i have a "server" program listening on address 1.2.3.4:69 (i.e. remote port 69) When i connect from a "client" program to it, typically i would specify the IP address + port of the target or server system; But what port would the client be using ? And how does the server know which port to connect back to the client on? I understand this question is very general, but just wanting to get a general feel for how things work. Then extending this to a specific protocol, say FTP (typical port 21), can I change it such that the server uses port 69, but the client uses port 100? And similarly, for Remote Desktop in WinXP (typical port 3389), i know how to change the server port to be something other than 3389, but how does one change what port the client uses (if at all possible)?

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• Changing languages rapidly causes Linux to crash.

  - by eZanmoto

  So I'm running Xmonad on my college computer (which runs Kubuntu) and whenever I leave my desk, instead of using x-screensaver which is incredibly buggy and slow, I just change to another workstation, open a terminal and change language to a language which uses symbols instead of letters, and then change back using an aliased command. For example, my .profile has the lines alias qwer="setxkbmap jp" alias *******="setxkbmap ie" where ******* is my password, using japanese characters. Changing languages seems to be much faster than running x-screensaver. The problem: rapidly changing languages seems to crash Linux; it just won't accept input (and it's not because the language hasn't changed back, nothing is output to the console). I can't use Ctrl+Alt+F1..F7, I can't "raise the elephants", anything, it just won't work. I'm just wondering, is this a known issue, and if so, is there something I can do about it?

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• Moving Mail between Exchange Mail Queues

  - by Eli

  We have multiple Microsoft Exchange 2007 nodes and 2 Exchange hubs. One of our users unfortunately had their account compromised, which then sent out several thousand emails before we were able to stop them. During this time, however, several primary mail providers blocked one of our Exchange hubs as a spam source. We now have nearly 500 messages built up on the one hub server waiting to go out to a provider who is currently blocking that hub. I know it is possible to change the location of the mailqueue and I could copy the queue database over from one hub to another and than change the location the HUB is looking at to a different file - let the mail spool out and then change the location back, but I would like a cleaner solution. Therefore, the question: is there a way to quickly and easily move messages from one Exchange hub server to another Exchange hub server?

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• Modify PATH variable for X11 during log-in

  - by user1028435

  I am working on some lab computers (read: no administrative rights) that, if I log in, I need to change the PATH variable as X11 starts. The reason is that I need to change the PATH variable at this time, as opposed to later, is that the Print Screen command seems to "bind" during login (forgive my bad explanation of this). Currently, I have a .bashrc script as a workaround: #!/bin/bash export PATH=/home/username/bin:$PATH I can make it work by starting a new X, but I was wondering if it is possible to change upon login. cat /etc/redhat-release tells me my distribution is: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client release 5.8 (Tikanga)

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• Replacing old server with new but different hostname & same IP

  - by MaxFr

  We have an old server 2000 and lots of users point to it by hostname and by its IP e.g \\server1, we have a new server 2008 R2 with new name serverlocation1 All folders and data have been sync'toy'd from the old server1 across to serverlocation1 each evening, the new server tree is exactly the same on the new server and all perms are correct. We need to make the new server the same IP as the old server1 as too many people access it directly via IP, and to ensure file and folder paths stay ok, anything \\server1\folder\file needs to go to \\newserverlocation1\folder\file etc I can change the old server1 name to server1-old & change IP and assign the old IP to the new server, but how do I force anything coming in for \\server1 to go to the new server and ensure anything referenced to the old server goes onto the new server ? I can CNAME but I need the new server to have the IP of the previous server so not sure if its straight forward etc..... point server1 to newserverlocation1 Then probably change DNS so that the OLD IP points to new hostname..... Any clarification appreciated.

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• Display file/folder/drive names in full on the desktop

  - by mathee

  In Mac OS X, when the text for a desktop icon is particularly long, it's displayed with an ellipsis: How do I configure whatever I'm supposed to configure (Finder?) to display that and all text in full? (No ellipses, please!) Edit: I do know that you can change the icon/text/grid size to allow for more text, but I don't necessarily want to change those settings. I want to change how Apple displays the text. That is, I want it to display either as one long string (which will run into other strings if two long file/folder names are next to each other, they will appear to overlap) or word-wrapped according to the size of the grid.

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• Redirecting HTTP traffic from a local server on the web

  - by MrJackV

  Here is the situation: I have a webserver (let's call it C1) that is running an apache/php server and it is port forwarded so that I can access it anywhere. However there is another computer within the webserver LAN that has a apache server too (let's call it C2). I cannot change the port forwarding nor I can change the apache server (a.k.a. install custom modules). My question is: is there a way to access C2 within a directory of C1? (e.g. going to www.website.org/random_dir will allow me to browse the root of C2 apache server.) I am trying to change as little as possible of the config/other (e.g. activating modules etc.) Is there a possible solution? Thanks in advance.

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