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• Compromising design & code quality to integrate with existing modules

  - by filip-fku

  Greetings! I inherited a C#.NET application I have been extending and improving for a while now. Overall it was obviously a rush-job (or whoever wrote it was seemingly less competent than myself). The app pulls some data from an embedded device & displays and manipulates it. At the core is a communications thread in the main application form which executes a 600+ lines of code method which calls functions all over the place, implementing a state machine - lots of if-state-then-do type code. Interaction with the device is done by setting the state/mode globally and letting the thread do it's thing. (This is just one example of the badness of the code - overall it is not very OO-like, it reminds of the style of embedded C code the device firmware is written in). My problem is that this piece of code is central to the application. The software, communications protocol or device firmware are not documented at all. Obviously to carry on with my work I have to interact with this code. What I would like some guidance on, is whether it is worth scrapping this code & trying to piece together something more reasonable from the information I can reverse engineer? I can't decide! The reason I don't want to refactor is because the code already works, and changing it will surely be a long, laborious and unpleasant task. On the flip side, not refactoring means I have to sometimes compromise the design of other modules so that I may call my code from this state machine! I've heard of "If it ain't broke don't fix it!", so I am wondering if it should apply when "it" is influencing the design of future code! Any advice would be appreciated! Thanks!

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• Invoking code both before and after WebControl.Render method

  - by Dirk

  I have a set of custom ASP.NET server controls, most of which derive from CompositeControl. I want to implement a uniform look for "required" fields across all control types by wrapping each control in a specific piece of HTML/CSS markup. For example: <div class="requiredInputContainer"> ...custom control markup... </div> I'd love to abstract this behavior in such a way as to avoid having to do something ugly like this in every custom control, present and future: public class MyServerControl : TextBox, IRequirableField { public IRequirableField.IsRequired {get;set;} protected override void Render(HtmlTextWriter writer){ RequiredFieldHelper.RenderBeginTag(this, writer) //render custom control markup RequiredFieldHelper.RenderEndTag(this, writer) } } public static class RequiredFieldHelper{ public static void RenderBeginTag(IRequirableField field, HtmlTextWriter writer){ //check field.IsRequired, render based on its values } public static void RenderEndTag(IRequirableField field, HtmlTextWriter writer){ //check field.IsRequired , render based on its values } } If I was deriving all of my custom controls from the same base class, I could conceivably use Template Method to enforce the before/after behavior;but I have several base classes and I'd rather not end up with really a convoluted class hierarchy anyway. It feels like I should be able to design something more elegant (i.e. adheres to DRY and OCP) by leveraging the functional aspects of C#, but I'm drawing a blank.

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• Mutually beneficial IP/copyright clauses for contract-based freelance work

  - by Nathan de Vries

  I have a copyright section in the contract I give to my clients stating that I retain copyright on any works produced during my work for them as an independent contractor. This is most definitely not intended to place arbitrary restrictions on my clients, but rather to maintain my ability to decide on how the software I create is licensed and distributed. Almost every project I work on results in at least one part of it being released as open source. Every project I work on makes use of third-party software released in the same fashion, so returning the favour is something I would like to continue doing. Unfortunately, the contract is not so clear when it comes to defining the rights of the client in the use of said software. I mention that the code will be licensed to them, but do not mention specifics about exclusivity, ability to produce derivatives etc. As such, a client has raised concerns about the copyright section of my contract, and has suggested that I reword it such that all copyrights are transferred entirely to the client on final payment for the project. This will almost certainly reduce my ability to distribute the software I have created; I would much prefer to find a more mutually beneficial agreement where both our concerns are appeased. Are there any tried and true approaches to licensing software in this kind of situation? To summarise: I want to maintain the ability to license (parts of) the software under my own terms, independently of my relationship with the client; with some guarantee to the client that no trade-secrets or critical business logic will be shared; giving them the ability to re-use my code in their future projects; but not necessarily letting them sell it (I'm not sure about this, though...what happens if they sell their business and the software along with it?) I realise that everyone's feedback is going to be prefixed with "IANAL", however I appreciate any thoughts you might have on the matter.

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• Where can I get software-related legal advice?

  - by musicfreak

  Whenever someone asks a legal question here on SO, the response is usually something along the lines of "we are not lawyers." Okay, that's legitimate, but in that case, how can I talk to a lawyer about software-related legal matters? I could look through the phone book and find a local lawyer, but then I have no way of knowing whether the lawyer knows anything about software. (And I hear most local lawyers charge for your time, even if it's just a simple question.) Is there maybe some kind of online service for this sort of thing? For now, I'm just looking for some basic advice, so something free would be awesome, even if the "quality" is not as good. However, I'll still take any kind of paid services--I'll keep them in mind for the future. You can give me anything from a forum or QA site (like this one) to a professional service. Just remember that I'm looking specifically for software-related legal advice. I'm sure most lawyers know a thing or two about software, but I'd rather talk to someone who legitimately knows his stuff than someone who can only guess.

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• Should I learn to code?

  - by saltcod

  Hi All, This is more of a philosophical question than a technical one, but I’d like some opinions on it, and I think that there are many others in my position that would benefit. My issue is that I don’t really have time to learn how to code. I know, I know… no one has time anymore, but please hear me out. Since learning to use Drupal about 2 years ago I’ve been involved with several projects wherein I’ve become the default quasi-developer, front-end designer, site manager, and system administrator. What I’ve found is that I can produce fairly nice, feature rich Drupal sites with the wealth of contrib. modules out there (Views, CCK, image handling, etc….). BUT! I can’t code. I know enough PHP to insert something into a block, or re-word a string, but that’s about it. I still don’t really even know how arrays work. My question Succinctly, my question is: Given the time that I have available for all of this stuff – in addition to a full-time job and regular life – am I better off trying to become more expert at the front-end stuff, or should I just learn PHP already? Pros 1. If a project doesn’t use Drupal, I’ll know enough PHP to be able to participate. 2. Learning PHP would help my Drupal development too 3. Learning PHP would make front-end theming easier 4. Learning PHP should give me that missing background in programming – and should allow me to learn other languages in the future Cons 1. At 28, I know I’m not too old to learn anything. But am I too old to become ‘good’? 2. Am I better off getting better and better at front-end UX work? 3. Am I better off farming out the PHP work? Suggestions from coders welcome! Thanks Terry

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• Best way to implement plugin framework - are DLLs the only way (C/C++ project)?

  - by Microkernel

  Introduction: I am currently developing a document classifier software in C/C++ and I will be using Naive-Bayesian model for classification. But I wanted the users to use any algorithm that they want(or I want in the future), hence I went to separate the algorithm part in the architecture as a plugin that will be attached to the main app @ app start-up. Hence any user can write his own algorithm as a plugin and use it with my app. Problem Statement: The way I am intending to develop this is to have each of the algorithms that user wants to use to be made into a DLL file and put into a specific directory. And at the start, my app will search for all the DLLs in that directory and load them. My Questions: (1) What if a malicious code is made as a DLL (and that will have same functions mandated by plugin framework) and put into my plugins directory? In that case, my app will think that its a plugin and picks it and calls its functions, so the malicious code can easily bring down my entire app down (In the worst case could make my app as a malicious code launcher!!!). (2) Is using DLLs the only way available to implement plugin design pattern? (Not only for the fear of malicious plugin, but its a generic question out of curiosity :) ) (3) I think a lot of softwares are written with plugin model for extendability, if so, how do they defend against such attacks? (4) In general what do you think about my decision to use plugin model for extendability (do you think I should look at any other alternatives?) Thank you -MicroKernel :)

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• Abstracting the interpretation of MVC checkboxes values received by the FormsCollection object

  - by Simon_Weaver

  In ASP.NET MVC a checkbox is generated by the HtmlHelper code here: <%= Html.CheckBox("List_" + mailingList.Key, true) %> as this HTML: <input id="List_NEW_PRODUCTS" name="List_NEW_PRODUCTS" type="checkbox" value="true" /> <input name="List_NEW_PRODUCTS" type="hidden" value="false" /> In case you're wondering why is there an extra hidden field? - then read this. Its definitely a solution that makes you first think 'hmmmmm' but then you realize its a pretty elegant one. The problem I have is when I'm trying to parse the data on the backend. Well its not so much of a problem as a concern if anything in future were to change in the framework. If I'm using the built in binding everything is great - its all done for me. But in my case I'm dynamically generating checkboxes with unknown names and no corresponding properties in my model. So i end up having to write code like this : if (forms["List_RETAIL_NOTIFICATION"] == "true,false") { } or this: if (forms.GetValues("List_RETAIL_NOTIFICATION")[0] == "true") { } Both of which i still look at and cringe - especially since theres no guarantee this will always be the return value. I'm wondering if theres a way to access the layer of abstraction used by the model binders - or if I'm stuck with my controller 'knowing' this much about HTTP POST hacks. Yes I'm maybe being a little picky - but perhaps theres a better clever way using the model binders that I can employ to read dynamically created checkbox parameters. In addition i was hoping this this post might help others searcheing for : "true,false". Even though I knew why it does this I just forgot and it took me a little while to realize 'duh'. FYI: I tried another few things, and this is what I found : forms["List_RETAIL_NOTIFICATION"] evaluates to "true,false" forms.GetValues("List_RETAIL_NOTIFICATION")[0] evaluates to "true" (forms.GetValue("List_RETAIL_NOTIFICATION").RawValue as string[])[0] evaluates to "true" forms.GetValues("List_RETAIL_NOTIFICATION").FirstOrDefault() evaluates to "true"

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• How would you organize this in asp.net mvc?

  - by chobo

  I have an asp.net mvc 2.0 application that contains Areas/Modules like calendar, admin, etc... There may be cases where more than one area needs to access the same Repo, so I am not sure where to put the Data Access Layers and Repositories. First Option: Should I create Data Access Layer files (Linq to SQL in my case) with their accompanying Repositories for each area, so each area only contains the Tables, and Repositories needed by those areas. The benefit is that everything needed to run that module is one place, so it is more encapsulated (in my mind anyway). The downside is that I may have duplicate queries, because other modules may use the same query. Second Option Or, would it be better to place the DAL and Repositories outside the Area's and treat them as Global? The advantage is I won't have any duplicate queries, but I may be loading a lot of unnecessary queries and DAL tables up for certain modules. It is also more work to reuse or modify these modules for future projects (though the chance of reusing them is slim to none :)) Which option makes more sense? If someone has a better way I'd love to hear it. Thanks!

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• World Economic Crisis. IT prospects

  - by Andrew Florko

  There was alike question in 2008, 2 years passed. Please, share your expectations about IT market and employment in the next year or two (or so far you can predict). IMHO Russia (my native country) fully met Crisis in spring, 2008. Stock markets shrank 3(!) times during half a year. Many developers were fired those days but I suppose just because business was shocked and freezed some projects. Developers expected +20% salary growth per year in 2004-2007 (Developer salary in Moscow was about 2-3K$ in early 2008). Then there was 30% (very subjective) salary cut-off in 2008 and salaries were frozen till 2009. Now things are slowly coming back to 2008. Looking in the future I expect pessimistic scenario and another crash. Our economic depends more and more on oil & gas every year. IT that serves industry will be shrinked because we can't compete to China in real production. Due to high currency board (rubble is strong compared to dollar) we can't rely on offshore programming. Our officials are concerned on innovative economic breakthrough but it's an ordinary budget money assignemtn in practice. I don't believe in innovations either because who require innovations if you have debts and tomorrow is vapor?

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• Starting an STA thread, but with parameters to the final function

  - by DRapp

  I'm a bit weak on how some delegates behave, such as passing a method as the parameter to be invoked. While trying to do some NUnit test scripts, I have something that I need to run many test with. Each of these tests requires a GUI created and thus the need for an STA thread. So, I have something like public class MyTest { // the Delegate "ThreadStart" is part of the System.Threading namespace and is defined as // public delegate void ThreadStart(); protected void Start_STA_Thread(ThreadStart whichMethod) { Thread thread = new Thread(whichMethod); thread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA); //Set the thread to STA thread.Start(); thread.Join(); } [Test] public void Test101() { // Since the thread issues an INVOKE of a method, I'm having it call the // corresponding "FromSTAThread" method, such as Start_STA_Thread( Test101FromSTAThread ); } protected void Test101FromSTAThread() { MySTA_RequiredClass oTmp = new MySTA_RequiredClass(); Assert.IsTrue( oTmp.DoSomething() ); } } This part all works fine... Now the next step. I now have a different set of tests that ALSO require an STA thread. However, each "thing" I need to do requires two parameters... both strings (for this case). How do I go about declaring proper delegate so I can pass in the method I need to invoke, AND the two string parameters in one shot... I may have 20+ tests to run with in this pattern and may have future of other similar tests with different parameter counts and types of parameters too. Thanks.

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• why does setting stderr=subprocess.STDOUT fix a subprocess.check_output call?

  - by ShankarG

  I have a python script running on a small server that is called in three different ways - from within another python script, by cron, or by gammu-smsd (an SMS daemon with the wonderful mobile utility [gammu]). The script is for maintenance and contained the following kludge to measure used space on the system (presumably this is possible from within Python, but this was quick and dirty): reportdict['Used Space'] = subprocess.check_output(["df / | tail -1 | awk '{ print $5; }'"], shell=True)[0:-1] Oddly enough this line would only fail when the script was called by a shell script running from gammu-smsd. The line would fail with a CalledProcessError exception saying "returned exit status 2", even though the output attribute of the CalledProcessError object contained the correct output. The only command in the sequence of shell commands that would give such an error status would be awk, with status 2 indicating a fatal error. If the python script with this line was called by cron, by another python script, or from the command line, this line would work fine. I broke my head trying to fix the environment for the script, thinking this must be the problem. Finally though I put in stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, like so: reportdict['Used Space'] = subprocess.check_output(["df / | tail -1 | awk '{ print $5; }'"], stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True)[0:-1] This was a debug measure to help me figure out if some output was coming on stderr. But after this the script started working, even when called from gammu-smsd! Why might this be the case? I ask for future reference when using subprocess...

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• Converting string to a simple type

  - by zespri

  .Net framework contains a great class named Convert that allows conversion between simple types, DateTime type and String type. Also the class support conversion of the types implementing IConvertible interface. The class has been implemented in the very first version of .Net framework. There were a few things in the first .Net framework that were not done quite right. For example .Parse methods on simple types would throw an exception if the string couldn't be parsed and there would be no way to check if exception is going to be thrown in advance. A future version of .Net Framework removed this deficiency by introducing the TryParse method that resolved this problem. The Convert class dates back to time of the old Parse method, so the ChangeType method on this class in implemented old style - if conversion can't be performed an exception is thrown. Take a look at the following code: public static T ConvertString<T>(string s, T @default) { try { return (T)Convert.ChangeType(s, typeof(T), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); } catch (Exception) { return @default; } } This code basically does what I want. However I would pretty much like to avoid the ugly try/catch here. I'm sure, that similar to TryParse, there is a modern method of rewriting this code without the catch-all. Could you suggest one?

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• Best Practice: Protecting Personally Identifiable Data in a ASP.NET / SQL Server 2008 Environment

  - by William

  Thanks to a SQL injection vulnerability found last week, some of my recommendations are being investigated at work. We recently re-did an application which stores personally identifiable information whose disclosure could lead to identity theft. While we read some of the data on a regular basis, the restricted data we only need a couple of times a year and then only two employees need it. I've read up on SQL Server 2008's encryption function, but I'm not convinced that's the route I want to go. My problem ultimately boils down to the fact that we're either using symmetric keys or assymetric keys encrypted by a symmetric key. Thus it seems like a SQL injection attack could lead to a data leak. I realize permissions should prevent that, permissions should also prevent the leaking in the first place. It seems to me the better method would be to asymmetrically encrypt the data in the web application. Then store the private key offline and have a fat client that they can run the few times a year they need to access the restricted data so the data could be decrypted on the client. This way, if the server get compromised, we don't leak old data although depending on what they do we may leak future data. I think the big disadvantage is this would require re-writing the web application and creating a new fat application (to pull the restricted data). Due to the recent problem, I can probably get the time allocated, so now would be the proper time to make the recommendation. Do you have a better suggestion? Which method would you recommend? More importantly why?

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• The "correct" way of using multilingual support

  - by Felipe Athayde

  I just began working with ASP.NET and I'm trying to bring with me some coding standards I find healthy. Among such standards there is the multilingual support and the use of resources for easily handling future changes. Back when I used to code desktop applications, every text had to be translated, so it was a common practice to have the language files for every languages I would want to offer to the customers. In those files I would map every single text, from button labels to error messages. In ASP.NET, with the help of Visual Studio, I have the resort of using the IDE to generate such Resource Files (from Tools - Generate Local Resource), but then I would have to fill my webpages with labels - at least that is what I've learned from articles and tutorials. However, such approach looks a bit odd and I'm tempted to guess it doesn't smell that good as well. Now to the question: 1) Should I keep every single text in my website as labels and manage its contents in the resource files? It looks/feels odd specially when considering a text with several paragraphs. 2) Whenever I add/remove something, e.g.: a button, to an aspx file I would have to add it to the resource file as well, because generating the resource file again would simply override all my previous changes to it. That doesn't feel like a reusable code at all for me. Any comment suggestion on this one? Perhaps I got it all wrong from tutorials as it doesn't seem like a standardized matter - specially if it required recompiling the entire application whenever some change has to be done.

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• RPC command to initiate a software install

  - by ericmayo

  I was recently working with a product from Symantech called Norton EndPoint protection. It consists of a server console application and a deployment application and I would like to incorporate their deployment method into a future version of one of my products. The deployment application allows you to select computer workstations running Win2K, WinXP, or Win7. The selection of workstations is provided from either AD (Active Directory) or NT Domain (WINs/DNS NetBIOS lookup). From the list, one can click and choose which workstations to deploy the end point software which is Symantech's virus & spyware protection suite. Then, after selecting which workstations should receive the package, the software copies the setup.exe program to each workstation (presumable over the administrative share \pcname\c$) and then commands the workstation to execute setup.exe resulting in the workstation installing the software. I really like how their product works but not sure what they are doing to accomplish all the steps. I've not done any deep investigations into this such as sniffing the network, etc... and wanted to check here to see if anyone is familiar with what I'm talking about and if you know how it's accomplished or have ideas how it could be accomplished. My thinking is that they are using the admin share to copy the software to the selected workstations and then issuing an RPC call to command the workstation to do the install. What's interesting is that the workstations do this without any of the logged in users knowing what's going on until the very end where a reboot is necessary. At which point, the user gets a pop-up asking to reboot now or later, etc... My hunch is that the setup.exe program is popping this message. To the point: I'm looking to find out the mechanism by which one Windows based machine can tell another to do some action or run some program. My programming language is C/C++ Any thoughts/suggestions appreciated.

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• Java extends classes - Share the extended class fields within the super class.

  - by Bastan

  Straight to the point... I have a class public class P_Gen{ protected String s; protected Object oP_Gen; public P_Gen(String str){ s = str; oP_Gen = new Myclass(this); } } Extended class: public class P extends P_Gen{ protected Object oP; public P(String str){ oP = new aClass(str); super(str); } } MyClass: public class MyClass{ protected Object oMC; public MyClass(P extendedObject){ oMc = oP.getSomething(); } } I came to realize that MyClass can only be instantiated with (P_Gen thisObject) as opposed to (P extendedObject). The situation is that I have code generated a bunch of classes like P_Gen. For each of them I have generated a class P which would contains my P specific custom methods and fields. When I'll regenerate my code in the future, P would not be overwritten as P_Gen would. ** So what happened in my case???!!!... I realized that MyClass would beneficiate from the info stored in P in addition to only P_Gen. Would that possible? I know it's not JAVA "realistic" since another class that extends P_Gen might not have the same fields... BY DESIGN, P_Gen will not be extended by anything but P.... And that's where it kinda make sens. :-) at least in other programming language ;-) In other programming language, it seems like P_Gen.this === P.this, in other word, "this" becomes a combination of P and P_Gen. Is there a way to achieve this knowing that P_Gen won't be extended by anything than P?

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• How can I prevent text displacement for some foreign language fonts?

  - by weltraumpirat

  I have a multilingual project (currently 13 languages), which uses many different font variations of "Helvetica Neue", mostly bold, condensed and regular cuts from the LinoType Pro font set ( which includes western european characters) and the same for cyrillic. We will probably add chinese and japanese variations in the future. I have set up the project to use different CSS stylesheets and separately load the fonts for each version, depending on which language the user selects, so I can have different line heights, kerning and/or font sizes to make everything keep the original look, even if the fonts look nothing alike. All of this works well, except for one problem: For some reason, all cyrillic letters seem to be displaced. They appear 2-3 pixels below the correct base line, and actually protrude across the textfield's bottom border, even when the field is set to autosize. When I use textfield.getCharBoundaries(), all values seem to be correct, even though they obviously aren't rendered correctly. To make everything look neat, I could of course manually move all problematic textfields up or down according to language and font size, but I was wondering if there was some way to prevent or at least detect this kind of displacement in order to automatically handle the adjustments - the Flash Player should have some sort of information on how things are rendered, shouldn't it? Have any of you had similar problems? Or better yet: a solution?

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• application specific seed data population

  - by user339108

  Env: JBoss, (h2, MySQl, postgres), JPA, Hibernate 3.3.x @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = IDENTITY) private Integer key; Currently our primary keys are created using the above annotation. We expect to support a large number of users (~million users), what key should be used. Should it be Integer or Long or should I use the unsigned versions of the above declarations. We have a j2ee application which needs to be populated with some seed data on installation. On purchase, the customer creates his own data on top of the application. We just want to make sure that there is enough room to ship, modify or add data for future releases. What would be the best mechanism to support this, we had looked at starting all table identifiers from a certain id (say 1000) but this mandates modifying primary key generation to have table or sequence based generators and we have around ~100 tables. We are not sure if this is the right strategy for this. If we use a signed integer approach for the key, would it make sense to have the seed data as everything starting from 0 and below (i.e -ve numbers), so that all customer specific data will be available on 0 and above (i.e. +ve numbers)

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• Factorial function - design and test.

  - by lukas

  I'm trying to nail down some interview questions, so I stared with a simple one. Design the factorial function. This function is a leaf (no dependencies - easly testable), so I made it static inside the helper class. public static class MathHelper { public static int Factorial(int n) { Debug.Assert(n >= 0); if (n < 0) { throw new ArgumentException("n cannot be lower that 0"); } Debug.Assert(n <= 12); if (n > 12) { throw new OverflowException("Overflow occurs above 12 factorial"); } //by definition if (n == 0) { return 1; } int factorialOfN = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { //checked //{ factorialOfN *= i; //} } return factorialOfN; } } Testing: [TestMethod] [ExpectedException(typeof(OverflowException))] public void Overflow() { int temp = FactorialHelper.MathHelper.Factorial(40); } [TestMethod] public void ZeroTest() { int factorialOfZero = FactorialHelper.MathHelper.Factorial(0); Assert.AreEqual(1, factorialOfZero); } [TestMethod] public void FactorialOf5() { int factOf5 = FactorialHelper.MathHelper.Factorial(5); Assert.AreEqual(120,factOf5); } [TestMethod] [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))] public void NegativeTest() { int factOfMinus5 = FactorialHelper.MathHelper.Factorial(-5); } I have a few questions: Is it correct? (I hope so ;) ) Does it throw right exceptions? Should I use checked context or this trick ( n 12 ) is ok? Is it better to use uint istead of checking for negative values? Future improving: Overload for long, decimal, BigInteger or maybe generic method? Thank you

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• Best practice for managing changes to 3rd party open source libraries?

  - by Jeff Knecht

  On a recent project, I had to modify an open source library to address a functional deficiency. I followed the SVN best practice of creating a "vendor source" repository and made my changes there. I also submitted the patch to the mailing list of that project. Unfortunately, the project only has a couple of maintainers and they are very slow to commit updates. At some point, I expect the library to be updated, and I expect that my project will want to use the upgraded library. But now I have a potential problem... I don't know whether my patch will have been applied to this future release of the 3rd party library. I also don't know whether my patch will even still be compatible with the internal implementation of the upgraded components. And in all likelihood, someone else will be maintaining my project by that point. Should I name the library in a special way so it is clear that we made special modifications (eg. commons-lang-2.x-for-my-project.jar)? Should I just document the patch and reference the SVN location and a link to the mailing list item in a README? No option that I can think of seems to be fool-proof in an upgrade scenario. What is the best practice for this?

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• what's the performance difference between int and varchar for primary keys

  - by user568576

  I need to create a primary key scheme for a system that will need peer to peer replication. So I'm planning to combine a unique system ID and a sequential number in some way to come up with unique ID's. I want to make sure I'll never run out of ID's, so I'm thinking about using a varchar field, since I could always add another character if I start running out. But I've read that integers are better optimized for this. So I have some questions... 1) Are integers really better optimized? And if they are, how much of a performance difference is there between varchars and integers? I'm going to use firebird for now. But I may switch later. Or possibly support multiple db's. So I'm looking for generalizations, if that's possible. 2) If integers are significantly better optimized, why is that? And is it likely that varchars will catch up in the future, so eventually it won't matter anyway? My varchar keys won't have any meaning, except for the unique system ID part. But I may want to obscure that somehow. Also, I plan to efficiently use all the bits of each character. I don't, for example, plan to code the integer 123 as the character string "123". So I don't think varchars will require more space than integers.

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• Develop multiple very similar projects at once

  - by Raveren

  I am developing a semi-complicated site that is available in several countries at once. Much effort has been put in to make the code bases as similar as possible to one another and ultimately only the config file and some representational data will differ between them. Each project has its own SVN repository which maps directly to a live test site. That part is handled by the IDE we use to work. Now I am in need to create a some sort of system to keep all these projects in sync. The best theoretical solution so far is to create a local hook script that would fire on committing and Merge the committed files from the project that is being committed to all other projects Optionally upload them to the live site, replacing previous files The first problem is that I don't know how I would do the merging - I guess it would be like applying a SVN patch or something. The second is if I do not want to upload the changes to the live server, how would I go about synching the live and local code bases (replace older files?). I am posting this question, not going through the potentially huge trouble of solving the aforementioned problems myself is that I believe this is a pretty common situation and someone would already have a solution and others may benefit from the answers in the future. Lastly, I'm on windows7, develop PHP and use tortoiseSVN.

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• How do I organize C# classes that inherit from one another, but also have properties that inherit from one another?

  - by Chris

  I have an application that has a concept of a Venue, a place where events happen. A Venue is owned by a Company and has many VenueParts. So, it looks like this: public abstract class Venue { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public virtual Company Company { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<VenuePart> VenueParts { get; set; } } A Venue can be a GolfCourseVenue, which is a Venue that has a Slope and a specific kind of VenuePart called a HoleVenuePart: public class GolfCourseVenue { public string Slope { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<HoleVenuePart> Holes { get; set; } } In the future, there may also be other kinds of Venues that all inherit from Venue. They might add their own fields, and will always have VenueParts of their own specific type. My declarations above seem wrong, because now I have a GolfCourseVenue with two collections, when really it should just have the one. I can't override it, because the type is different, right? When I run reports, I would like to refer to the classes generically, where I just spit out Venues and VenueParts. But, when I render forms and such, I would like to be specific. I have a lot of relationships like this and am wondering what I am doing wrong. For example, I have an Order that has OrderItems, but also specific kinds of Orders that have specific kinds of OrderItems.

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• Please recommend the one SQL book for a developer without a lot of SQL experience.

  - by Hamish Grubijan

  I have too many hobbies outside of my profession, so I am hoping to read just one good book, and get a tad better at SQL. My background: took one boring, theoretical class in databases, was exposed to SQL professionally (in addition to several other languages and technologies) for a year and a half. I've done about 5 years of C#/Java stuff professionally. By "professionally" I mean doing it full-time while someone paid me more than $25/hr for it - not necessarily that I created masterpieces along the way :) I want to become better at SQL (coding aspect; DBA is not of particular importance to me right now). I am looking for one book to give me a solid foundation in it. When I needed to learn some C from almost a scratch, I used (and loved) this book: http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-2nd-Brian-Kernighan/dp/0131103628 I am hoping to find one just like this for SQL. I am not doing web development now or in a near future, and I am looking for something that is hopefully not specific to any one sub-industry. Thanks in advance.

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• Toolbox/framework to construct lightweight public-facing web site

  - by aSteve

  I am aware of full-blown content management systems (CMS) such as SugarCRM and TikiWiki... where content is typically stored in a database... and edited through the same interface as it is published. While I like many of the features, the product is clearly aimed at enterprise-wide use rather than to be public-facing. What I'd like to establish are potential alternatives that fill the space between full-blown CMS and hand-coded bespoke site. I like the way that I can add modules to my CMS... allowing me to quickly introduce new functionality, and I'd like an analogous feature in a system for public web-content. Modules I know I'd like include moderated comments; web-form-to-email gateway; menus/tabs... in future, perhaps mapping or diaries or RSS integration - etc. Where my requirements differ from a CMS, I don't need (or want) most content to be editable through the main site... and, somehow, I do want to be able to preview how updates will be presented to the public rather than to make live changes. For these purposes, in contrast to those where a typical CMS would be ideal, presentation is of paramount importance - and trumps any desire to immediately disseminate information. I realise that this is a very high-level question... (suggestions of additional tags welcome) - I mentioned PHP only as - ideally - I'm looking for an open source solution and a PHP deployment is an easy option. What are my options?

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