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  • casting vs using the 'as' keyword in the CLR

    - by Frank V
    I'm learning about design patterns and because of that I've ended using a lot of interfaces. One of my "goals" is to program to an interface, not an implementation. What I've found is that I'm doing a lot of casting or object type conversion. What I'd like to know is if there is a difference between these two methods of conversion: public interface IMyInterface { void AMethod(); } public class MyClass : IMyInterface { public void AMethod() { //Do work } // other helper methods.... } public class Implementation { IMyInterface _MyObj; MyClass _myCls1; MyClass _myCls2; public Implementation() { _MyObj = new MyClass(); // What is the difference here: _myCls1 = (MyClass)_MyObj; _myCls2 = (_MyObj as MyClass); } } If there is a difference, is there a cost difference or how does this affect my program? Hopefully this makes sense. Sorry for the bad example; it is all I could think of... Update: What is "in general" the preferred method? (I had a question similar to this posted in the 'answers'. I moved it up here at the suggestion of Michael Haren. Also, I want to thank everyone who's provided insight and perspective on my question.

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  • I getting undefined using JSON in jQuery why?

    - by YoniGeek
    Im learning some JSON, Im trying to list some data about dogs from twitter...but I can't really present the data...I believe that the error is inside map-method...something I'm missing...thanks for yr help <body> <h1>U almost there!!</h1> <script src="jquery-1.7.1.js"> </script> <script> // PubSub (function( $ ) { var o = $( {} ); $.each({ trigger: 'publish', on: 'subscribe', off: 'unsubscribe' }, function( key, val ) { jQuery[val] = function() { o[key].apply( o, arguments ); }; }); })( jQuery ); $.getJSON('http://search.twitter.com/search.json?q=dogs&callback=?', function( info) { $.publish( 'twitter/info', info ); }); // ... $.subscribe( 'twitter/info', function( e, info ) { $('body').html( $.map( info, function( obj) { // <--- here it's error, something Im missing right? return '<li>' + obj.text + '</li>'; }).join('') ); }); </script> </body> </html>

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  • C# 3 dimensional array definition issue

    - by George2
    Hello everyone, My following code has compile error, Error 1 Cannot implicitly convert type 'TestArray1.Foo[,,*]' to 'TestArray1.Foo[][][]' C:\Users\lma\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\TestArray1\TestArray1\Program.cs 17 30 TestArray1 Does anyone have any ideas? Here is my whole code, I am using VSTS 2008 + Vista 64-bit. namespace TestArray1 { class Foo { } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Foo[][][] foos = new Foo[1, 1, 1]; return; } } } EDIT: version 2. I have another version of code, but still has compile error. Any ideas? Error 1 Invalid rank specifier: expected ',' or ']' C:\Users\lma\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\TestArray1\TestArray1\Program.cs 17 41 TestArray1 Error 2 Invalid rank specifier: expected ',' or ']' C:\Users\lma\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\TestArray1\TestArray1\Program.cs 17 44 TestArray1 namespace TestArray1 { class Foo { } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Foo[][][] foos = new Foo[1][1][1]; return; } } } EDIT: version 3. I think I want to have a jagged array. And after learning from the fellow guys. Here is my code fix, and it compile fine in VSTS 2008. What I want is a jagged array, and currently I need to have only one element. Could anyone review whether my code is correct to implement my goal please? namespace TestArray1 { class Foo { } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Foo[][][] foos = new Foo[1][][]; foos[0] = new Foo[1][]; foos[0][0] = new Foo[1]; foos[0][0][0] = new Foo(); return; } } } thanks in advance, George

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  • Convert List to Double Array by LINQ (C#3.0)

    - by Newbie
    I have two lists x1 and x2 of type double List<double> x1 = new List<double> { 0.0330, -0.6463}; List<double> x2 = new List<double> { -0.2718, -0.2240}; I am using the below function to convert it to double array List<List<double>> xData = new List<List<double>> { x1, x2 }; double[,] xArray = new double[xData.Count, xData[0].Count]; for (int i = 0; i < xData.Count; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < xData[0].Count; j++) { xArray[i, j] = xData[i][j]; } } Is it possible to do the same stuff (i.e. the function that is converting List to array) by using Linq. Using : (C#3.0) & Framework - 3.5 I want to do this by using Linq because I am learning it but not have sufficient knowledge to write that. Thanks Convert List to Double Array by LINQ (C#3.0)

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  • Handling Apache Thrift list/map Return Types in C++

    - by initzero
    First off, I'll say I'm not the most competent C++ programmer, but I'm learning, and enjoying the power of Thrift. I've implemented a Thrift Service with some basic functions that return void, i32, and list. I'm using a Python client controlled by a Django web app to make RPC calls and it works pretty well. The generated code is pretty straight forward, except for list returns: namespace cpp Remote enum N_PROTO { N_TCP, N_UDP, N_ANY } service Rcon { i32 ping() i32 KillFlows() i32 RestartDispatch() i32 PrintActiveFlows() i32 PrintActiveListeners(1:i32 proto) list<string> ListAllFlows() } The generated signatures from Rcon.h: int32_t ping(); int32_t KillFlows(); int32_t RestartDispatch(); int32_t PrintActiveFlows(); int32_t PrintActiveListeners(const int32_t proto); int64_t ListenerBytesReceived(const int32_t id); void ListAllFlows(std::vector<std::string> & _return); As you see, the ListAllFlows() function generated takes a reference to a vector of strings. I guess I expect it to return a vector of strings as laid out in the .thrift description. I'm wondering if I am meant to provide the function a vector of strings to modify and then Thrift will handle returning it to my client despite the function returning void. I can find absolutely no resources or example usages of Thrift list< types in C++. Any guidance would be appreciated.

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  • so i got an econ degree...computing science or software systems (software engineering) degree ?

    - by sofreakinghigh
    okay so here's the story. i want to work in developing software (not QA or writing tests), so although I am currently starting computing science this summer, i came across Software Systems (aka s.e.) program which is "applied" but under computing science.... so what is the difference between the 2 disciplines ? if i choose software engineering, would it require more in depth expertise with calculus (i fail at it), and more coding time ? i am looking for a way to write better and more efficient code. I want to go to school, so i wont get lazy. i want to pick a program that would directly aid me in writing and developing software. graduating with an Econ degree in last year doesn't really help in landing jobs requiring comp sci/software engineering degrees....i should've studied harder in Economics (and maybe land a job) but i was obsessed with learning how to program with various languages since day 1 at University, but i didn't think i was smart enough to pass comp sci courses (so i just relied on books + irc...) and my parents said software jobs are being outsourced to India so i thought this obsession was just a "phase" and i should keep it as a hobby. but yes, it's quite funny why i hadn't pursued this field much earlier. as Joelonsoftware.com says economics degree starts with a bang (microeconomics the only course you only need really)....predicting stock prices (ridiculous!) + realizing China's potential power to meltdown US economy and vice versa + interest rate is inversely related to bond premium which is inversely related to stock market it would absolutely awesome if there was a program that combined finance + programming.

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  • Cross Platform C library for GUI Apps?

    - by Moshe
    Free of charge, simple to learn/use, Cross Platform C library for GUI Apps? Am I looking for Qt? Bonus question: Can I develop with the said library/toolkit on Mac then recompile on PC/Linux? Super Bonus Question: Link to tutorial and/or download of said library. (RE)EDIT: The truth is that I'm in the process of catching up on the C family (coming from web development - XHTML/PHP/MySQL) to learn iPhone development. I do understand that C is not C++ or ObjectiveC but I want to keep the learning curve as simple as possible. Not to get too off topic, but I am also on the lookout for good starter books and websites. I've found this so far. I'm trying to kill many birds with one stone here. I don understand that there are platform specific extensions, but I will try to avoid those for porting purposes The idea is that I want to write the code on one machine and just compile thrice. (Mac/Win/Linux) If Objective C will compile on Windows and Linux as well as OS X then that's good. If I must use C++, that's also fine. EDIT: Link to QT Please...

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  • How might a C# programmer approach writing a solution in javascript?

    - by Ben McCormack
    UPDATE: Perhaps this wasn't clear from my original post, but I'm mainly interested in knowing a best practice for how to structure javascript code while building a solution, not simply learning how to use APIs (though that is certainly important). I need to add functionality to a web site and our team has decided to approach the solution using a web service that receives a call from a JSON-formatted AJAX request from within the web site. The web service has been created and works great. Now I have been tasked with writing the javascript/html side of the solution. If I were solving this problem in C#, I would create separate classes for formatting the request, handling the AJAX request/response, parsing the response, and finally inserting the response somehow into the DOM. I would build properties and methods appropriately into each class, doing my best to separate functionality and structure where appropriate. However, I have to solve this problem in javascript. Firstly, how could I approach my solution in javascript in the way I would approach it from C# as described above? Or more importantly, what's a better way to approach structuring code in javascript? Any advice or links to helpful material on the web would be greatly appreciated. NOTE: Though perhaps not immediately relevant to this question, it may be worth noting that we will be using jQuery in our solution.

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  • Scanning, Checking, Converting, Copying values ... How to ? -- C --

    - by ZaZu
    Hi there, Its been a while now and im still trying to get a certain code to work. I asked some question about different commands etc. before, but now I hope this is the final one (combining all questions in one code). I basically want to : *Scan an input (should be character ? ) *Check if its a number *If not, return error *Convert that character into a float number *Copy the value to another variable ( I called it imp here) Here is what I came up with : #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<ctype.h> main(){ int digits; float imp=0; int alpha; do{ printf("Enter input\n\n"); scanf("\n%c",&alpha); digits=isdigit(alpha); if(digits==0){ printf("error\n\n"); } imp=atof(alpha); }while(digits==0); } The problem is this code does not work at all ... It gives me that atof must be of a const char and whenever I try changing it around, it just keeps failing. I am frustrated and forced to ask here, because I believe I have tried alot and I keep failing, but I wont be relieved until I get it to work xD So I really need your help guys. Please tell me why isnt this code working, what am I doing wrong ? I am still learning C and really appreciate your help :)

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  • Concrete examples of state sharing between multiple viewmodels (WPF MVVM)

    - by JohnMetta
    I have a WPF/Entity Framework (4.0) project with many objects. I'd like to build the application so that that I can have object selection state shared across viewmodels. For Example: We have Cars, Drivers, Passengers, and Cargo classes. We also have UserControls for CarList, DriverList, etc. and editor windows for CarEditor, DriverEditor, etc. Furthermore, we have viewmodels for all of these (CarListViewModel, DriverListViewModel, CargoEditorViewModel, etc). This all composes a dockable interface where the user can have multiple object lists, editors, and viewers open. What I want is a concrete code example of how to wireup multiple viewmodels so that selecting a car in the CarList will cause that car to go live in the CarEditorView, but also be selected in any other view for which the context is valid (such as a DriverByCarView- or just DriverList if there is a filter predicate). There are a number of suggestions and discussions based on this question. The two methods that seem to dominate are: 3018307: Discusses state sharing by mentioning a messaging subsystem 1159035: Discusses state sharing by using an enclosing viewmodel Is one of these approaches better than the other? Does anyone have a concrete example of either/both of these methods in the form of a write-up or small code project? I'm still learning WPF, so pointers to entry points for reading API fundamentals are appreciated, but looking at code examples is where I usually go. Thanks In case anyone is interested, here are some other similar discussions: 3816961: Discusses returning multiple viewmodels depending on object type (i.e. a collection of arbitrary types adhering to a specific interface) 1928130: Discusses whether it is a good idea to aggregate viewmodels as properties of other viewmodels (e.g. a MainWindow viewmodel composed of panel viewmodels) 1120061: Essentially discusses whether to have use a viewmodel-per-model strategy or a viewmodel-per-view-element strategy. 4244222: Discusses whether or not to nest the viewmodels when using a nested object hierarchy. 4429708: Discusses sharing collections between viewmodels directly, but doesn't go into detail. List item: Discusses managing multiple selections within a single viewmodel.

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  • 3D and AI basics. The foundation before the coding.

    - by Allan
    Hi, everyone. (If you have the time and patience:) I've recently made the decision to study programming seriously and I'm about to order TAOCP and Concrete Mathematics to begin my studies (please don't get caught up on this). I'm very much interested in learning and understanding how 3D works but I'm aware that if I plan to do it right there's still a long walk before I get to actually play with 3D coding. Now to the question.. (tl;dr) Excluding programming itself, what disciplines do I have to be familiar with to code 3D? What kinds of mathematics? Physics? What else? What books do you recommend on such subjects? Now read it all again but replacing "3D" with "AI". Please don't recommend computer-specific books. The question is about the foundation to be learned before using the machine. Also, if possible, please keep the list brief; I plan to order one book on each subject but no more than that for now. Excuse me for any English mistakes, it's not my first language. Thank you.

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  • Applying a function to a custom type in F#

    - by Frederik Wordenskjold
    On my journey to learning F#, I've run into a problem I cant solve. I have defined a custom type: type BinTree = | Node of int * BinTree * BinTree | Empty I have made a function which takes a tree, traverses it, and adds the elements it visits to a list, and returns it: let rec inOrder tree = seq{ match tree with | Node (data, left, right) -> yield! inOrder left yield data; yield! inOrder right | Empty -> () } |> Seq.to_list; Now I want to create a function, similar to this, which takes a tree and a function, traverses it and applies a function to each node, then returns the tree: mapInOrder : ('a -> 'b) -> 'a BinTree -> 'b BinTree This seems easy, and it probably is! But I'm not sure how to return the tree. I've tried this: let rec mapInOrder f tree = match tree with | Node(data, left, right) -> mapInOrder f left Node(f(data), left, right) mapInOrder f right | Empty -> () but this returns a unit. I havent worked with custom types before, so I'm probably missing something there!

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  • Objective-C Definedness

    - by Dan Ray
    This is an agonizingly rookie question, but here I am learning a new language and framework, and I'm trying to answer the question "What is Truth?" as pertains to Obj-C. I'm trying to lazy-load images across the network. I have a data class called Event that has properties including: @property (nonatomic, retain) UIImage image; @property (nonatomic, retain) UIImage thumbnail; in my AppDelegate, I fetch up a bunch of data about my events (this is an app that shows local arts event listings), and pre-sets each event.image to my default "no-image.png". Then in the UITableViewController where I view these things, I do: if (thisEvent.image == NULL) { NSLog(@"Going for this item's image"); UIImage *tempImage = [UIImage imageWithData:[NSData dataWithContentsOfURL: [NSURL URLWithString: [NSString stringWithFormat: @"http://www.mysite.com/content_elements/%@_image_1.jpg", thisEvent.guid]]]]; thisEvent.image = tempImage; } We never get that NSLog call. Testing thisEvent.image for NULLness isn't the thing. I've tried == nil as well, but that also doesn't work.

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  • Beginner PHP: I can't insert data into MYSQL database

    - by Victor
    I'm learning PHP right now and I'm trying to insert data into a MySQL database called "pumpl2" The table is set up like this. create table product ( productid int unsigned not null auto_increment primary key, price int(9) not null, value int(9) not null, description text ); I have a form and want to insert the fields from the form in the database. Here is what the php file looks like. <?php // create short variable names $price = $_POST['price']; $value = $_POST['value']; $description = $_POST['description']; if (!$price || !$value || !$description) { echo "You have not entered all the required details.<br />" ."Please go back and try again."; exit; } @ $db = new mysqli('localhost', 'pumpl', '********', 'pumpl2'); if (mysqli_connect_errno()) { echo "Error: Could not connect to database. Please try again later."; exit; } $query = "insert into pumpl2 values ('".$price."', '".$value."', '".$description."')"; $result = $db->query($query); if ($result) { echo $db->affected_rows." product inserted into database."; } else { echo "An error has occurred. The item was not added."; } $db->close(); ?> When I submit the form, I get an error message "An error has occurred. The item was not added." Does anyone know what the problem is? Thank you!

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  • Decimal To Octal Converter, last digit issue

    - by Srishan Supertramp
    I tried making a C program to convert a user entered decimal number to octal. I wrote the C code with my own logic without any research of how other users try to do it. It works fine for the number 601 and some other numbers but for most numbers it returns the octal equivalent with the last digit being 1 less than it should be. For 75 it returns 112 instead of 113. I realize using printf with %o gets the job done but it's kind of defeating the purpose of learning to program. Here's my code: #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> /* converting decimal to octal */ int main() { int n,x,y,p,s; printf("Enter a decimal number "); scanf("%d",&x); s=0;p=0; while (x!=0) { y=x%8; s=s+y*pow(10,p); x=(x-y)/8; p=p+1; } printf("the octal equivalent is: %d\n",s); getch(); return 0; }

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  • A F# tail-recursive question

    - by ksharp
    Recently, I'm learning F#. I try to solve problem in different ways. Like this: (* [0;1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8] -> [(0,1,2);(3,4,5);(6,7,8)] *) //head-recursive let rec toTriplet_v1 list= match list with | a::b::c::t -> (a,b,c)::(toTriplet_v1 t) | _ -> [] //tail-recursive let toTriplet_v2 list= let rec loop lst acc= match lst with | a::b::c::t -> loop t ((a,b,c)::acc) | _ -> acc loop list [] //tail-recursive(???) let toTriplet_v3 list= let rec loop lst accfun= match lst with | a::b::c::t -> loop t (fun ls -> accfun ((a,b,c)::ls)) | _ -> accfun [] loop list (fun x -> x) let funs = [toTriplet_v1; toTriplet_v2; toTriplet_v3]; funs |> List.map (fun x -> x [0..8]) |> List.iteri (fun i x -> printfn "V%d : %A" (i+1) x) I thought the results of V2 and V3 should be the same. But, I get the result below: V1 : [(0, 1, 2); (3, 4, 5); (6, 7, 8)] V2 : [(6, 7, 8); (3, 4, 5); (0, 1, 2)] V3 : [(0, 1, 2); (3, 4, 5); (6, 7, 8)] Why the results of V2 and V3 are different?

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  • Applying MVVM to ASP.NET

    - by Moussa
    Hi everyone, I am learning MVVM and i want to use it with ASP.NET. Some of the examples that i found on the internet uses XAML for the view. Is there a way to use a regular ASP.NET page instead of XAML for the view? Here is a XAML example: <UserControl x:Class="MVVMExample.DetailView" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"> <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="White" DataContext="{Binding CurrentContact}"> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition/> <RowDefinition/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition/> <ColumnDefinition/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <TextBlock Text="Name:" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Margin="5"/> <TextBlock Text="{Binding FullName}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="5" Grid.Column="1"/> <TextBlock Text="Phone:" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Margin="5" Grid.Row="1"/> <TextBlock Text="{Binding PhoneNumber}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="5" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1"/> </Grid> </UserControl> Thank you for your time.

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  • Thread mutex behaviour

    - by Alberteddu
    Hi there, I'm learning C. I'm writing an application with multiple threads; I know that when a variable is shared between two or more threads, it is better to lock/unlock using a mutex to avoid deadlock and inconsistency of variables. This is very clear when I want to change or view one variable. int i = 0; /** Global */ static pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; /** Thread 1. */ pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); i++; pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); /** Thread 2. */ pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); i++; pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); This is correct, I think. The variable i, at the end of the executions, contains the integer 2. Anyway, there are some situations in which I don't know exactly where to put the two function calls. For example, suppose you have a function obtain(), which returns a global variable. I need to call that function from within the two threads. I have also two other threads that call the function set(), defined with a few arguments; this function will set the same global variable. The two functions are necessary when you need to do something before getting/setting the var. /** (0) */ /** Thread 1, or 2, or 3... */ if(obtain() == something) { if(obtain() == somethingElse) { // Do this, sometimes obtain() and sometimes set(random number) (1) } else { // Do that, just obtain(). (2) } } else { // Do this and do that (3) // If # of thread * 3 > 10, then set(3*10) For example. (4) } /** (5) */ Where I have to lock, and where I have to unlock? The situation can be, I think, even more complex. I will appreciate an exhaustive answer. Thank you in advance. —Alberto

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  • Is this the only way to pass a parameter for Cakephp to work with JQuery Ajax

    - by kwokwai
    Hi all, I was doing some self-learning on how to pass data from JQuery Ajax to a particular URL in CakePHP: I have tested three sets of codes that the first one was working well, but the rest failed to work, which makes me so confused. Could some experts here tell why the second and the third sets of codes failed to pass any data? Set 1: <input type=text name="data[User][name]" id="data[User][name]" size="36" maxlength="36"/> var usr = $("#data\\[User\\]\\[name\\]").val(); $.post( "http://www.washington.byethost18.com/site1/toavail/"+usr, function(msg){alert(msg);} ); Set 2: <input type=text name="data[User][name]" id="data[User][name]" size="36" maxlength="36"/> var usr = $("#data\\[User\\]\\[name\\]").val(); $.post( "http://www.washington.byethost18.com/site1/toavail/", {queryString: ""+usr+""}, function(msg){alert(msg);} ); Set 3: <input type=text name="data[User][name]" id="data[User][name]" size="36" maxlength="36"/> var usr = $("#data\\[User\\]\\[name\\]").val(); $.post( "http://www.washington.byethost18.com/site1/toavail/", usr, function(msg){alert(msg);} );

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  • Android - Parsing XML with XPath

    - by Ruben Deig Ramos
    First of all, thanks to all the people who's going to spend a little time on this question. Second, sorry for my english (not my first language! :D). Well, here is my problem. I'm learning Android and I'm making an app which uses a XML file to store some info. I have no problem creating the file, but trying to read de XML tags with XPath (DOM, XMLPullParser, etc. only gave me problems) I've been able to read, at least, the first one. Let's see the code. Here is the XML file the app generates: <dispositivo> <id>111</id> <nombre>Name</nombre> <intervalo>300</intervalo> </dispositivo> And here is the function which reads the XML file: private void leerXML() { try { XPathFactory factory=XPathFactory.newInstance(); XPath xPath=factory.newXPath(); // Introducimos XML en memoria File xmlDocument = new File("/data/data/com.example.gps/files/devloc_cfg.xml"); InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(new FileInputStream(xmlDocument)); // Definimos expresiones para encontrar valor. XPathExpression tag_id = xPath.compile("/dispositivo/id"); String valor_id = tag_id.evaluate(inputSource); id=valor_id; XPathExpression tag_nombre = xPath.compile("/dispositivo/nombre"); String valor_nombre = tag_nombre.evaluate(inputSource); nombre=valor_nombre; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } The app gets correctly the id value and shows it on the screen ("id" and "nombre" variables are assigned to a TextView each one), but the "nombre" is not working. What should I change? :) Thanks for all your time and help. This site is quite helpful! PD: I've been searching for a response on the whole site but didn't found any.

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  • Node.js/Express Partials problem: Can't be nested too deep?

    - by heorling
    I'm learning Node.js, Express, haml.js and liking it. I've run into a prety annoying problem though. I'm pretty new to this but have been getting nice results so far. I'm writing a jquery heavy web app that relies on a table containing divs. The divs slide around, switch back and fourth and are resized etc to my hearts content. What I'm looking for a way to switch (template?) the divs. Since I've been building in express and mimicking the chat example it would make sense to use partials. The rub is that I've been using inexplicit divs in haml, held within a td. The divs are cunstructed as follows: %tr %td .class1.class2.class3.classetc Which has worked fine cross browser. Parsing the classes works great for the js code to pass arguments around, fetch values etc. What I'd like to be able to do is something like: %tr %td .class1.class2.class3.classetc %ul#messages != this.partial('message.html.haml', { collection: messages }) Any combination I've tried with this has failed however. And I might have tried them all. If I could put a partial into that div I'd probably be set. And you can nest them as long as you use #ids instead of .classes. But if you use more than one class it breaks! I think that's the most accurate way of summing it up. How do you do this? I've checked out various templating solutions like mu.js and micro template like by John Resig. I earlier checked out this thread on templating engines. It's very possible I'm making some fundamental mistake here, I'm new to this. What's a good way to do this?

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  • What is an interface in C (COM) is it the same as a interface in C#

    - by numerical25
    Ok, I know what a interface is, but since I got into C and working with COM objects, it seems an interface in COM is a little different from the interface I know of. So what I am trying to do is bridge the gaps here cause since I been learning C, alot of things have been sounding very familiar to me but are not exactly what they seem. The interface I know of are like contracts. They are objects that have only method declarations, with no body. All classes that implement an interface must include the methods of the interface. The interface I hear about in COM seems to be just pointers. They can not retrieve objects directly but only can retrieve objects through the means of a method. Is this what a COM Interface is ?? If so, then why did they give them the same names if they are completely different. Also I just wanted to add that headers in C++ kind of remind me of the C# Interfaces. Not sure if their are any relations. But anyways, I am just trying to clear that up.

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  • Why initialize an object to empty

    - by ProgEnthu
    I am learning windows programming with the help of MSDN.Why would somebody initialize an object like the following? WNDCLASS wc = { }; Will this zero all the memory of the object? Whole source code is following: #ifndef UNICODE #define UNICODE #endif #include <windows.h> LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, PWSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { // Register the window class. const wchar_t CLASS_NAME[] = L"Sample Window Class"; WNDCLASS wc = { }; wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc; wc.hInstance = hInstance; wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME; RegisterClass(&wc); // Create the window. HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, // Optional window styles. CLASS_NAME, // Window class L"Learn to Program Windows", // Window text WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // Window style // Size and position CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, // Parent window NULL, // Menu hInstance, // Instance handle NULL // Additional application data ); if (hwnd == NULL) { return 0; } ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow); // Run the message loop. MSG msg = { }; while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } return 0; } LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (uMsg) { case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); return 0; case WM_PAINT: { PAINTSTRUCT ps; HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps); FillRect(hdc, &ps.rcPaint, (HBRUSH) (COLOR_WINDOW+1)); EndPaint(hwnd, &ps); } return 0; } return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam); }

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  • Could this be considered a well-written PHP5 class?

    - by Ben Dauphinee
    I have been learning OOP principals on my own for a while, and taken a few cracks at writing classes. What I really need to know now is if I am actually using what I have learned correctly, or if I could improve as far as OOP is concerned. I have chopped a massive portion of code out of a class that I have been working on for a while now, and pasted it here. To all you skilled and knowledgeable programmers here I ask: Am I doing it wrong? class acl extends genericAPI{ // -- Copied from genericAPI class protected final function sanityCheck($what, $check, $vars){ switch($check){ case 'set': if(isset($vars[$what])){return(1);}else{return(0);} break; } } // --------------------------------- protected $db = null; protected $dataQuery = null; public function __construct(Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract $db, $config = array()){ $this->db = $db; if(!empty($config)){$this->config = $config;} } protected function _buildQuery($selectType = null, $vars = array()){ // Removed switches for simplicity sake $this->dataQuery = $this->db->select( )->from( $this->config['table_users'], array('tf' => '(CASE WHEN count(*) > 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)') )->where( $this->config['uidcol'] . ' = ?', $vars['uid'] ); } protected function _sanityRun_acl($sanitycheck, &$vars){ switch($sanitycheck){ case 'uid_set': if(!$this->sanityCheck('uid', 'set', $vars)){ throw new Exception(ERR_ACL_NOUID); } $vars['uid'] = settype($vars['uid'], 'integer'); break; } } private function user($action = null, $vars = array()){ switch($action){ case 'exists': $this->_sanityRun_acl('uid_set', $vars); $this->_buildQuery('user_exists_idcheck', $vars); return($this->db->fetchOne($this->dataQuery->__toString())); break; } } public function user_exists($uid){ return($this->user('exists', array('uid' => $uid))); } } $return = $acl_test->user_exists(1);

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  • OCaml delimiters and scopes

    - by Jack
    Hello! I'm learning OCaml and although I have years of experience with imperative programming languages (C, C++, Java) I'm getting some problems with delimiters between declarations or expressions in OCaml syntax. Basically I understood that I have to use ; to concatenate expressions and the value returned by the sequence will be the one of last expression used, so for example if I have exp1; exp2; exp3 it will be considered as an expression that returns the value of exp3. Starting from this I could use let t = something in exp1; exp2; exp3 and it should be ok, right? When am I supposed to use the double semicol ;;? What does it exactly mean? Are there other delimiters that I must use to avoid syntax errors? I'll give you an example: let rec satisfy dtmc state pformula = match (state, pformula) with (state, `Next sformula) -> let s = satisfy_each dtmc sformula and adder a state = let p = 0.; for i = 0 to dtmc.matrix.rows do p <- p +. get dtmc.matrix i state.index done; a +. p in List.fold_left adder 0. s | _ -> [] It gives me syntax error on | but I don't get why.. what am I missing? This is a problem that occurs often and I have to try many different solutions until it suddently works :/ A side question: declaring with let instead that let .. in will define a var binding that lasts whenever after it has been defined? What I basically ask is: what are the delimiters I have to use and when I have to use them. In addition are there differences I should consider while using the interpreter ocaml instead that the compiler ocamlc? Thanks in advance!

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