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• Using .htaccess to server files from Amazon S3 CloudFront

  - by Adrian A.

  My ideal setup would be to take a current clients site, upload a .htaccess with a regex inside, that would match the URI, and if it finds a certain file extension, it would use the same path, but with an altered domain. ie. Normal path: http://www.domain.com/something/images/someimage.jpeg http://www.domain.com/assets/js/jquery.js .htaccess translated would turn the above into: http://mycdn.other.com/something/images/someimage.jpeg http://mycdn.other.com/assets/js/jquery.js I googled this for hours in a row, no luck. Again, this is for actually making use of Amazon's CloudFront. S3 is already mounted to the website for backups and storing files using s3fs, but this doesn't solve the issue since it's using S3 directly, not using the CloudFront.

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• Amazon EC2 Load Balancer: Defending against DoS attack?

  - by netvope

  We usually blacklist IPs address with iptables. But in Amazon EC2, if a connection goes through the Elastic Load Balancer, the remote address will be replaced by the load balancer's address, rendering iptables useless. In the case for HTTP, apparently the only way to find out the real remote address is to look at the HTTP header HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR. To me, blocking IPs at the web application level is not an effective way. What is the best practice to defend against DoS attack in this scenario? In this article, someone suggested that we can replace Elastic Load Balancer with HAProxy. However, there are certain disadvantages in doing this, and I'm trying to see if there is any better alternatives.

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• Amazon S3 security credentials per bucket

  - by slythic

  Hi all, I was wondering if it was possible to generate security credentials per individual Amazon S3 bucket. I am working with a developer and would like to grant him access only to the bucket we are working with. It's not a trust issue, it's more a concern that he'll delete the wrong bucket or its contents. For example: If we were working on an application that used a bucket called test-application I could generate the credentials for just that one bucket. These credentials would not allow access to other buckets in my account. Is this possible? Thanks, Tony

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• Some questions about setting up Amazon S3 with Ruby on Rails

  - by ben

  I'm trying to setup Amazon S3 hosting with my Ruby on Rails 3 app, which is hosted on Heroku. After reading these instructions in the Heroku docs, I'm trying to use the aws-s3 gem. The instructions say to put the S3 account details in config/amazon_s3.yml, but the aws-s3 Github page says you create a connection like this: AWS::S3::Base.establish_connection!( :access_key_id => 'abc', :secret_access_key => '123' ) Why is the connection created by providing the details if they're already provided in the config file? Is that not the correct way to establish a connection? Do I have to establish a connection for each user everytime an upload is about to occur, or is a connection established for the application as a whole? Thanks for reading.

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• Installing XAMPP in Amazon EC2

  - by Woho87

  Hi! Can someone explain to me(not a rocket scientist) all the steps for installing XAMPP for a EC2 instance running Linux? And yes I have look the entire web and found nothing, except this "Deploying a lamp stack" and this "Starting Amazon EC2 with Mac OS X". I found the latter one more useful, but as a said I'm not a rocket scientist. I got stuck in to the latter link where I should edit the file .bash_profile with a text editor. I tried the "vi" in SSH, but why can't I open it on textEditor included in all Macs? Is there any easier way to setting up a XAMPP server for a linux server in EC2?

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• How to read remote video on Amazon S3 using ffmpeg

  - by virtualize

  I need to create poster frames from videos hosted on Amazon S3 via ffmpeg. So is there a way to use the remote video file directly in ffmpeg command line like this: ffmpeg -i "http://bucket.s3.amazonaws.com/video.mp4" -ss 00:00:10 -vframes 1 -f image2 "image%03d.jpg" ffmpeg just returns: http://bucket.s3.amazonaws.com/video.mp4: I/O error occurred Usually that means that input file is truncated and/or corrupted. I also tried forcing ffmpeg to use the videos mp4 container for reading: ffmpeg -f mp4 -i "http://bucket.s3.amazonaws.com/video.mp4" ... But no luck. Wget this video from S3 and processing it locally works fine of course, as well as reading the file remotely from other 'standard' http servers. So I know that ffmpeg supports remote file reading, but why not on S3?

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• Quantity in amazon cart?

  - by user201140

  Hi I'd like to change the quantity in an AWS order. I've used the form below and that works fine for adding 1 item to the cart, but when I try to change it to a quantity of 2 it says there are no items in my cart. What am I doing wrong? Thanks. <form method="GET" action="http://www.amazon.com/gp/aws/cart/add.html" id="Quantity"> <input type="hidden" name="AWSAccessKeyId" value="Access Key ID" /> <input type="hidden" name="AssociateTag" value="Associate Tag" /> <?php echo "<input type='hidden' name='ASIN.1' value='".$itemid."'/>"; ?> <input type="hidden" name="Quantity.1" value="1"/><br/> <input type="image" src="buynow.gif" value="Submit" alt="Submit"> </form>

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• Force CloudFront distribution/file update

  - by Martin

  I'm using Amazon's CloudFront to serve static files of my web apps. Is there no way to tell a cloudfront distribution that it needs to refresh it's file or point out a single file that should be refreshed? Amazon recommend that you version your files like logo_1.gif, logo_2.gif and so on as a workaround for this problem but that seems like a pretty stupid solution. Is there absolutely no other way?

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• How to encrypt Amazon CloudFront signature for private content access using canned policy

  - by Chet

  Has anyone using .net actually worked out how to successfully sign a signature to use with CloudFront private content? After a couple of days of attempts all I can get is Access Denied. I have been working with variations of the following code and also tried using OpenSSL.Net and AWSSDK but that does not have a sign method for RSA-SHA1 yet. The signature (data) looks like this {"Statement":[{"Resource":"http://xxxx.cloudfront.net/xxxx.jpg","Condition":?{"DateLessThan":?{"AWS:EpochTime":1266922799}}}]} This method attempts to sign the signature for use in the canned url. So of the variations have included chanding the padding used in the has and also reversing the byte[] before signing as apprently OpenSSL do it this way. public string Sign(string data) { using (SHA1Managed SHA1 = new SHA1Managed()) { RSACryptoServiceProvider provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(); RSACryptoServiceProvider.UseMachineKeyStore = false; // Amazon PEM converted to XML using OpenSslKey provider.FromXmlString("<RSAKeyValue><Modulus>....."); byte[] plainbytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data); byte[] hash = SHA1.ComputeHash(plainbytes); //Array.Reverse(sig); // I have see some examples that reverse the hash byte[] sig = provider.SignHash(hash, "SHA1"); return Convert.ToBase64String(sig); } } Its useful to note that I have verified the content is setup correctly in S3 and CloudFront by generating a CloudFront canned policy url using my CloudBerry Explorer. How do they do it? Any ideas would be much appreciated. Thanks

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• When should one use the following: Amazon EC2, Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure and Salesforce.com

  - by vicky21

  I am asking this in very general sense. Both from cloud provider and cloud consumer's perspective. Also the question is not for any specific kind of application (in fact the intention is to know which type of applications/domains can fit into which of the cloud slab -SaaS PaaS IaaS). My understanding so far is: IaaS: Raw Hardware (Processors, Networks, Storage). PaaS: OS, System Softwares, Development Framework, Virtual Machines. SaaS: Software Applications. It would be great if Stackoverflower's can share their understanding and experiences of cloud computing concept. EDIT: Ok, I will put it in more specific way - Amazon EC2: You don't have control over hardware layer. But you can take your choice of OS image, Dev Framework (.NET, J2EE, LAMP) and Application and put it on EC2 hardware. Can you deploy an applications built with Google App Engine or Azure on EC2? Google App Engine: You don't have control over hardware and OS and you get a specific Dev Framework to build your application. Can you take any existing Java or Python application and port it to GAE? Or vice versa, can applications that were built on GAE be taken out of GAE and ported to any Application Server like Websphere or Weblogic? Azure: You don't have control over hardware and OS and you get a specific Dev Framework to build your application. Can you take any existing .NET application and port it to Azure? Or vice versa, can applications that were built on Azure be taken out of Azure and ported to any Application Server like Biztalk?

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• Amazon EC2 and jbossws

  - by avjaz

  Hi - I've deployed a webservice to a Jboss instance running on Amazon EC2. The webservice works fine locally, but when I deploy on EC2, and go to the /jbossws/services page the Endpoint Address for the webservice is the private DNS of the ec2 instance (domU-X-X-X-X etc...), not the public dns (which I would like it to be). I've tried loading the wsdl by changing the private hostname to the public IP; that works, but when I try to call any of the operations I get a HostNotFoundException, I'm guessing due to the fact that the generated wsdl has the stanza: <service name='XXXService'> <port binding='tns:XXXBinding' name='XXXPort'> <soap:address location='http://domU-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX.compute-1.internal:8080/xx/xx/xx'/> </port> </service> where http://domU-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX.compute-1.internal is the internal dns of the ec2 instance. The wsdl is auto generated - Is there a JAXB annotation I can use so that I can force the generated wsdl to use the public dns of the EC2 instance? Many thanks -

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• Amazon access key showing in URL for Carrierwave and Fog

  - by kcurtin

  I just switched from storing my images uploaded via Carrierwave locally to using Amazon s3 via the fog gem in my Rails 3.1 app. While images are being added, when I click on an image in my application, the URL is providing my access key and a signature. Here is a sample URL (XXX replaced the string with the info): https://s3.amazonaws.com/bucketname/uploads/photo/image/2/IMG_4842.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=XXX&Signature=XXX%3D&Expires=1332093418 This is happening in development (localhost:3000) and when I am using heroku for production. Here is my uploader: class ImageUploader < CarrierWave::Uploader::Base include CarrierWave::RMagick storage :fog def store_dir "uploads/#{model.class.to_s.underscore}/#{mounted_as}/#{model.id}" end process :convert => :jpg process :resize_to_limit => [640, 640] version :thumb do process :convert => :jpg process :resize_to_fill => [280, 205] end version :avatar do process :convert => :jpg process :resize_to_fill => [120, 120] end end And my config/initializers/fog.rb : CarrierWave.configure do |config| config.fog_credentials = { :provider => 'AWS', :aws_access_key_id => 'XXX', :aws_secret_access_key => 'XXX', } config.fog_directory = 'bucketname' config.fog_public = false end Anyone know how to make sure this information isn't available?

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• How do I create an ami for openSUSE in Amazon ec2?

  - by jgaa

  I need to scale some services from local servers to Amazon ec2. The current production-environment is based on the latest openSUSE. In order to keep things simple, I want to run the instances in ec2 in the same environment. However, I'm unable to find any public SUSE ami's or even howto's on this subject. I've seen a few similar questions in different forums, without any resolutions. So actually, I have two questions. 1) Is this at all doable? 2) If, so, is there any documentation / howto's available somewhere? Jarle

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• EC2 Amazon Linux AMI MySQL CPU @ 62% When Idle?

  - by Jeff

  I am running MySQL on an Amazon Linux AMI. There is nothing connected to it. There are no connections and no other applications running that use MySQL. It is completely idle, but yet, top is reporting that mysql is using 62% of the CPU? Why is this happening and how do I fix it? Cpu(s): 0.2%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 97.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 1.7%st Mem: 1738504k total, 390708k used, 1347796k free, 56888k buffers Swap: 917500k total, 0k used, 917500k free, 229804k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 2959 mysql 20 0 466m 39m 5244 S 62.2 2.3 4:00.67 mysqld 1 root 20 0 19252 1504 1212 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.20 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd There are no connections... mysql> show processlist; +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 5 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | NULL | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+

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• architecture and tools for a remote control application?

  - by slothbear

  I'm working on the design of a remote control application. From my iPhone or a web browser, I'll send a few commands. Soon my home computer will perform the commands and send back results. I know there are remote desktop apps, but I want something programmable, something simpler, and something that I wrote. My current direction is to use Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) as the message bus. The iPhone places some messages in a queue. My local Java/JRuby program notices the messages on the queue, performs the work and sends back status via a different queue. This will be a very low-volume application. At $1.00 for a million requests (plus a handful of data transfer charges), Amazon SQS looks a lot more affordable than having my own server of any type. And super reliable, that's important for me too. Are there better/standard toolkits or architectures for this kind of remote control? Cost is not a big issue, but I prefer the tons I learn by doing it myself. I'm moderately concerned about security, but doubt it will be a problem. The list of commands recognized will be very short, and only recognized in specific contexts. No "erase hard drive" stuff. update: I'll probably distribute these programs to some other people who want the same function, but who don't have Amazon SQS accounts. For now, they'll use anonymous access to my queues, with random 80-character queue names.

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• Can't attach EC2 instance to Network Interface

  - by Ian Warburton

  When trying to attach a network interface, it says... No instances were found for this availability zone. My instance is in us-east-1c and my network interface is in us-east-1b. Is that significant? If so, how do I create the VPC in the same zone and if not then why this error? EDIT: I've re-created the VPC and the Network Interface is now us-east-1c and the EC2 instance is also us-east-1c. Same error message though!

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• growing EBS RAID volume

  - by Ryan Fernandes

  I've created a RAID0 configuration with two 1GB EBS volumes, mounted at /dev/md0 using mdadm and formatted with XFS Next, I copied some files over to fill the volume to around 30% of its capacity (of 2GB) I then created snapshots of the volumes using ec2-consistent-snapshot and created volumes of the said snapshots but specified the volume size to be 2GB (effective doubling the capacity on each disk) I then spun up a new instance, assembled the RAID0 configuration on /dev/md0 from the 2 volumes mentioned above and mount it to /vol df -hT showed /vol as 2GB (as expected) Now I ran sudo xfs_growfs -d /vol. The command completed normally but reported blocks changed from 523776 to 524160 (only!) and df -hT still showed /vol as 2GB (instead of the expected 4GB) I rebooted, remounted, reassembled the RAID but it still reports the old size. Any clue as to what went wrong?

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• AWS RDS connection count

  - by wmarbut

  I am using AWS RDS with MySQL for a project and have a "large" instance. The documentation is clear on what this means as far as compute resources and RAM goes, but I can't find anything that documents how many open database connections that I can have. The app that I am using is PHP and it utilizes PDO with persistent connections. This means that the number of open connections could reach the maximum number of PHP child processes running at any given point. How do I ensure that my RDS instance has a max connections setting high enough to be comfortable with this?

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• Static NAT in AWS's Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

  - by user1050797

  Currently in a VPC with a public and a private subnet, all internet bound traffic from the private subnet could be routed via an NAT instance. The NAT instance will port address translate the packet's source IP to use the NAT instance's elastic IP, so the public server can reply to this public address. This is a PAT mechanism. My question is there a way for me to do a static NAT on my NAT instance -- Using the same NAT instance to static NAT an unassociated but reserved elastic IP to a private subnet host. This NAT instance will behave like a physical firewall doing static nat'ing for a bunch of private ip's.

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• SSH broken after hostname change on EC2-hosted Ubuntu

  - by dimadima

  I changed my instance's hostname using the hostname utility and then set it in /etc/hostname so that the new name survives reboot. My main motivation was for differentiating between instances at the prompt using the \h format in PS1. EDIT I also changed permissions on my home directory. I made my home directory group writeable. END EDIT Now I can no longer SSH into the machine. The short of it is the error Permission denied (publickey). Running ssh -v, the more verbose output is: debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /Users/dmitry/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/dmitry/.ssh/ec2key.pem debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). Should I have done something after changing the hostname? Now I can't get into the instance! :(

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• Unable to terminate extra EC2 instances

  - by Deborah Cole

  I'm just setting up my AWS server & I'm trying to use the EC2 Console to terminate some extra instances that I generated via the AWS for Eclipse toolkit's New Project AWS Java Web Project utility. Unfortunately, every time I stop, then terminate such an instance via the EC2 Console, it automatically recreates & reactivates itself! I really don't want to be paying for 4 dev systems when I only need 1, so can somebody please clue me in? Please explain gently... I'm new to this environment.

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• Deleting multiple objects in a AWS S3 bucket with s3curl.pl?

  - by user183394

  I have been trying to use the AWS "official" command line tool s3curl.pl to test out the recently announced multi-object delete. Here is what I have done: First, I tested out the s3curl.pl with a set of credentials without a hitch: $ s3curl.pl --id=s3 -- http://testbucket-0.s3.amazonaws.com/|xmllint --format - % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 884 0 884 0 0 4399 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 5703 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <ListBucketResult xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/"> <Name>testbucket-0</Name> <Prefix/> <Marker/> <MaxKeys>1000</MaxKeys> <IsTruncated>false</IsTruncated> <Contents> <Key>file_1</Key> <LastModified>2012-03-22T17:08:17.000Z</LastModified> <ETag>"ee0e521a76524034aaa5b331842a8b4e"</ETag> <Size>400000</Size> <Owner> <ID>e6d81ea69572270e58d3814ab674df8c8f1fd5d502669633a4951bdd5185f7f4</ID> <DisplayName>zackp</DisplayName> </Owner> <StorageClass>STANDARD</StorageClass> </Contents> <Contents> <Key>file_2</Key> <LastModified>2012-03-22T17:08:19.000Z</LastModified> <ETag>"6b32cbf8219a59690a9f69ba6ff3f590"</ETag> <Size>600000</Size> <Owner> <ID>e6d81ea69572270e58d3814ab674df8c8f1fd5d502669633a4951bdd5185f7f4</ID> <DisplayName>zackp</DisplayName> </Owner> <StorageClass>STANDARD</StorageClass> </Contents> </ListBucketResult> Then, I following the s3curl.pl's usage instructions: s3curl.pl --help Usage /usr/local/bin/s3curl.pl --id friendly-name (or AWSAccessKeyId) [options] -- [curl-options] [URL] options: --key SecretAccessKey id/key are AWSAcessKeyId and Secret (unsafe) --contentType text/plain set content-type header --acl public-read use a 'canned' ACL (x-amz-acl header) --contentMd5 content_md5 add x-amz-content-md5 header --put <filename> PUT request (from the provided local file) --post [<filename>] POST request (optional local file) --copySrc bucket/key Copy from this source key --createBucket [<region>] create-bucket with optional location constraint --head HEAD request --debug enable debug logging common curl options: -H 'x-amz-acl: public-read' another way of using canned ACLs -v verbose logging Then, I tried the following, and always got back error. I would appreciated it very much if someone could point out where I made a mistake? $ s3curl.pl --id=s3 --post multi_delete.xml -- http://testbucket-0.s3.amazonaws.com/?delete <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Error><Code>SignatureDoesNotMatch</Code><Message>The request signature we calculated does not match the signature you provided. Check your key and signing method.</Message><StringToSignBytes>50 4f 53 54 0a 0a 0a 54 68 75 2c 20 30 35 20 41 70 72 20 32 30 31 32 20 30 30 3a 35 30 3a 30 38 20 2b 30 30 30 30 0a 2f 7a 65 74 74 61 72 2d 74 2f 3f 64 65 6c 65 74 65</StringToSignBytes><RequestId>707FBE0EB4A571A8</RequestId><HostId>mP3ZwlPTcRqARQZd6gU4UvBrxGBNIVa0VVe5p0rqGmq5hM65RprwcG/qcXe+pmDT</HostId><SignatureProvided>edkNGuugiSFe0ku4eGzkh8kYgHw=</SignatureProvided><StringToSign>POST Thu, 05 Apr 2012 00:50:08 +0000 The file multi_delete.xml contains the following: cat multi_delete.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Delete> <Quiet>true</Quiet> <Object> <Key>file_1</Key> <VersionId> </VersionId>> </Object> <Object> <Key>file_2</Key> <VersionId> </VersionId> </Object> </Delete> Thanks for any help! --Zack

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• rsync to EC2 using ssh -i

  - by isomorphismes

  I'm able to ssh -i mykey.pem to EC2. I'm able to scp -i mykey.pem to EC2. But when I try to rsync -avz -e "ssh -i mykey.pem" I get this error: Warning: Identity file mykey.pem not accessible: No such file or directory. Permission denied (publickey). rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes received so far) [sender] rsync error: unexplained error (code 255) at io.c(605) [sender=3.0.9] Any suggestions what I've done wrong?

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• Looking for the best ec2 setup for 3 sites totaling in 1.5 mil in traffic monthly

  - by john h.

  I am looking to consolidate our current aws setup of 2 Large ubuntu ec2 servers and 2 large RDS server for our 3 websites that have a total of about 1.5 million hits a month and increasing every month with the majority of traffic (1 mil) to one forum site in the group and the rest of traffic to an ecommerce site and a small wordpress site. So here is my question/thought? Would it be better for us to combine the two ec2 large servers to just one and same with the 2 RDS servers so we run all three sites off one large ec2 and one RDS. -or- Should we setup maybe 2-3 smaller ec2 servers load balenced and a single RDS. -or- Something completely different setup? One concern is that if one site crashes it takes with it the others. It happened in the past but I am pretty sure its because of the forum software and not the server setup. -john

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• beanstalk using php-git on windows client

  - by ntidote

  I am trying to install beanstalk for php using git. I am using a Windows Client machine. I am done with the prerequisite installations , credentials setup. I am following the link http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/elasticbeanstalk/latest/dg/create_deploy_PHP.sdlc.html The following step does not workout (i use git bash for git related commands) From your Git repository directory, type the following command. git aws.config This gives the error git : 'aws.config' is not a git command. Please suggest how to deal with the issue.

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