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• I upgraded ubuntu to 12.10, and the internet does not work on vbox

  - by user100607

  Last week, I upgraded my operating system to Ubuntu 12.10 from 12.04, and the internet stopped working on two virtual machines (launched with virtualbox), Windows XP and OSX Snow Leopard. OSX also stopped working completely at first, but I fixed that by switching to the 64 bit option in the vbox settings. I switching to bridged networking from NAT restored the internet to Windows, but not to OSX. Does anybody know what I could be doing wrong?

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• How can I solve http_port 3129 intercept with squid?

  - by wmoreno3

  My system: uname -a FreeBSD server.local.jmorenov.com.co 9.1-RELEASE FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE #0 r243825: Tue Dec 4 09:23:10 UTC 2012 [email protected]:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC amd64 pkg info | grep squid squid-3.2.7 HTTP Caching Proxy I have this configuration in squid.conf: http_port 3128 accel vhost allow-direct # OK http_port 3129 intercept # Does not work icp_port 0 When I tried with: http_port 3129 intercept By switch line on ipnat.rules. In access log appears: 2013/01/09 00:46:03 kid1| IPF (IPFilter) NAT open failed: (13) Permission denied 2013/01/09 00:46:03 kid1| BUG #3329: Orphan Comm::Connection: local=127.0.0.1:3129 remote=192.168.1.129:51595 FD 24 flags=33 2013/01/09 00:46:03 kid1| NOTE: 1 Orphans since last started. /var/log/squid/cache.log 2013/02/08 09:02:33 kid1| Squid plugin modules loaded: 0 2013/02/08 09:02:33 kid1| Accepting reverse-proxy HTTP Socket connections at local=127.0.0.1:3128 remote=[::] FD 33 flags=9 2013/02/08 09:02:33 kid1| Accepting NAT intercepted HTTP Socket connections at local=127.0.0.1:3129 remote=[::] FD 34 flags=41 My /etc/ipnat.rules: root@server:/root # cat /etc/ipnat.rules # em0 = External NIC # bge0 = Internal NIC map em0 0/0 -> 0/32 proxy port ftp ftp/tcp map em0 0/0 -> 0/32 portmap tcp/udp auto map em0 0/0 -> 0/32 # Redirect direct web traffic to local web server. rdr em0 192.168.0.3/32 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 80 tcp rdr bge0 192.168.1.3/32 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 80 tcp # Redirect everything else to squid on port 3128 or 3129 intercept rdr em0 0.0.0.0/0 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 3128 tcp rdr bge0 0.0.0.0/0 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 3128 tcp #rdr em0 0.0.0.0/0 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 3129 tcp #rdr bge0 0.0.0.0/0 port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 3129 tcp With 3128 is OK, but with 3129, Does not work, when switch in ipnat.rules.

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• OpenVpn Iptables Error

  - by Mook

  I mean real newbie - linux here.. Please help me configuring my openvpn through iptables. My main goal here is to open port for regular browsing (80, 443), email (110, 25), etc just like isp does but i want to block p2p traffic. So I will need to open only few port. Here are my iptables config # Flush all current rules from iptables # iptables -F iptables -t nat -F iptables -t mangle -F # # Allow SSH connections on tcp port 22 (or whatever port you want to use) # iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # # Set default policies for INPUT, FORWARD and OUTPUT chains # iptables -P INPUT DROP #using DROP for INPUT is not always recommended. Change to ACCEPT if you prefer. iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT # # Set access for localhost # iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # # Accept packets belonging to established and related connections # iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # #Accept connections on 1194 for vpn access from clients #Take note that the rule says "UDP", and ensure that your OpenVPN server.conf says UDP too # iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT # #Apply forwarding for OpenVPN Tunneling # iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -s 10.8.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT #10.8.0.0 ? Check your OpenVPN server.conf to be sure iptables -A FORWARD -j REJECT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o venet0 -j SNAT --to-source 100.200.255.256 #Use your OpenVPN server's real external IP here # #Enable forwarding # echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 26 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 110 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT iptables -L -v But when I connect to my vpn, i can't browsing and also got RTO on pinging yahoo, etc

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• Cisco SR520w FE - WAN Port Stops Working

  - by Mike Hanley

  I have setup a Cisco SR520W and everything appears to be working. After about 1-2 days, it looks like the WAN port stops forwarding traffic to the Internet gateway IP of the device. If I unplug and then plug in the network cable connecting the WAN port of the SR520W to my Comcast Cable Modem, traffic startings flowing again. Also, if I restart the SR520W, the traffic will flow again. Any ideas? Here is the running config: Current configuration : 10559 bytes ! version 12.4 no service pad no service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname hostname.mydomain.com ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! logging message-counter syslog no logging rate-limit enable secret 5 <removed> ! aaa new-model ! ! aaa authentication login default local aaa authorization exec default local ! ! aaa session-id common clock timezone PST -8 clock summer-time PDT recurring ! crypto pki trustpoint TP-self-signed-334750407 enrollment selfsigned subject-name cn=IOS-Self-Signed-Certificate-334750407 revocation-check none rsakeypair TP-self-signed-334750407 ! ! crypto pki certificate chain TP-self-signed-334750407 certificate self-signed 01 <removed> quit dot11 syslog ! dot11 ssid <removed> vlan 75 authentication open authentication key-management wpa guest-mode wpa-psk ascii 0 <removed> ! ip source-route ! ! ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.0.1 172.16.0.10 ! ip dhcp pool inside import all network 172.16.0.0 255.240.0.0 default-router 172.16.0.1 dns-server 10.0.0.15 10.0.0.12 domain-name mydomain.com ! ! ip cef ip domain name mydomain.com ip name-server 68.87.76.178 ip name-server 66.240.48.9 ip port-map user-ezvpn-remote port udp 10000 ip ips notify SDEE ip ips name sdm_ips_rule ! ip ips signature-category category all retired true category ios_ips basic retired false ! ip inspect log drop-pkt no ipv6 cef ! multilink bundle-name authenticated parameter-map type inspect z1-z2-pmap audit-trail on password encryption aes ! ! username admin privilege 15 secret 5 <removed> ! crypto key pubkey-chain rsa named-key realm-cisco.pub key-string <removed> quit ! ! ! ! ! ! crypto ipsec client ezvpn EZVPN_REMOTE_CONNECTION_1 connect auto group EZVPN_GROUP_1 key <removed> mode client peer 64.1.208.90 virtual-interface 1 username admin password <removed> xauth userid mode local ! ! archive log config logging enable logging size 600 hidekeys ! ! ! class-map type inspect match-any SDM_AH match access-group name SDM_AH class-map type inspect match-any SDM-Voice-permit match protocol sip class-map type inspect match-any SDM_ESP match access-group name SDM_ESP class-map type inspect match-any SDM_EASY_VPN_REMOTE_TRAFFIC match protocol isakmp match protocol ipsec-msft match class-map SDM_AH match class-map SDM_ESP match protocol user-ezvpn-remote class-map type inspect match-all SDM_EASY_VPN_REMOTE_PT match class-map SDM_EASY_VPN_REMOTE_TRAFFIC match access-group 101 class-map type inspect match-any Easy_VPN_Remote_VT match access-group 102 class-map type inspect match-any sdm-cls-icmp-access match protocol icmp match protocol tcp match protocol udp class-map type inspect match-any sdm-cls-insp-traffic match protocol cuseeme match protocol dns match protocol ftp match protocol h323 match protocol https match protocol icmp match protocol imap match protocol pop3 match protocol netshow match protocol shell match protocol realmedia match protocol rtsp match protocol smtp extended match protocol sql-net match protocol streamworks match protocol tftp match protocol vdolive match protocol tcp match protocol udp class-map type inspect match-any L4-inspect-class match protocol icmp class-map type inspect match-all sdm-invalid-src match access-group 100 class-map type inspect match-all dhcp_out_self match access-group name dhcp-resp-permit class-map type inspect match-all dhcp_self_out match access-group name dhcp-req-permit class-map type inspect match-all sdm-protocol-http match protocol http ! ! policy-map type inspect sdm-permit-icmpreply class type inspect dhcp_self_out pass class type inspect sdm-cls-icmp-access inspect class class-default pass policy-map type inspect sdm-permit_VT class type inspect Easy_VPN_Remote_VT pass class class-default drop policy-map type inspect sdm-inspect class type inspect SDM-Voice-permit pass class type inspect sdm-cls-insp-traffic inspect class type inspect sdm-invalid-src drop log class type inspect sdm-protocol-http inspect z1-z2-pmap class class-default pass policy-map type inspect sdm-inspect-voip-in class type inspect SDM-Voice-permit pass class class-default drop policy-map type inspect sdm-permit class type inspect SDM_EASY_VPN_REMOTE_PT pass class type inspect dhcp_out_self pass class class-default drop ! zone security ezvpn-zone zone security out-zone zone security in-zone zone-pair security sdm-zp-in-ezvpn1 source in-zone destination ezvpn-zone service-policy type inspect sdm-permit_VT zone-pair security sdm-zp-out-ezpn1 source out-zone destination ezvpn-zone service-policy type inspect sdm-permit_VT zone-pair security sdm-zp-ezvpn-out1 source ezvpn-zone destination out-zone service-policy type inspect sdm-permit_VT zone-pair security sdm-zp-self-out source self destination out-zone service-policy type inspect sdm-permit-icmpreply zone-pair security sdm-zp-out-in source out-zone destination in-zone service-policy type inspect sdm-inspect-voip-in zone-pair security sdm-zp-ezvpn-in1 source ezvpn-zone destination in-zone service-policy type inspect sdm-permit_VT zone-pair security sdm-zp-out-self source out-zone destination self service-policy type inspect sdm-permit zone-pair security sdm-zp-in-out source in-zone destination out-zone service-policy type inspect sdm-inspect ! bridge irb ! ! interface FastEthernet0 switchport access vlan 75 ! interface FastEthernet1 switchport access vlan 75 ! interface FastEthernet2 switchport access vlan 75 ! interface FastEthernet3 switchport access vlan 75 ! interface FastEthernet4 description $FW_OUTSIDE$ ip address 75.149.48.76 255.255.255.240 ip nat outside ip ips sdm_ips_rule out ip virtual-reassembly zone-member security out-zone duplex auto speed auto crypto ipsec client ezvpn EZVPN_REMOTE_CONNECTION_1 ! interface Virtual-Template1 type tunnel no ip address ip virtual-reassembly zone-member security ezvpn-zone tunnel mode ipsec ipv4 ! interface Dot11Radio0 no ip address ! encryption vlan 75 mode ciphers aes-ccm ! ssid <removed> ! speed basic-1.0 basic-2.0 basic-5.5 6.0 9.0 basic-11.0 12.0 18.0 24.0 36.0 48.0 54.0 station-role root ! interface Dot11Radio0.75 encapsulation dot1Q 75 native ip virtual-reassembly bridge-group 75 bridge-group 75 subscriber-loop-control bridge-group 75 spanning-disabled bridge-group 75 block-unknown-source no bridge-group 75 source-learning no bridge-group 75 unicast-flooding ! interface Vlan1 no ip address ip virtual-reassembly bridge-group 1 ! interface Vlan75 no ip address ip virtual-reassembly bridge-group 75 bridge-group 75 spanning-disabled ! interface BVI1 no ip address ip nat inside ip virtual-reassembly ! interface BVI75 description $FW_INSIDE$ ip address 172.16.0.1 255.240.0.0 ip nat inside ip ips sdm_ips_rule in ip virtual-reassembly zone-member security in-zone crypto ipsec client ezvpn EZVPN_REMOTE_CONNECTION_1 inside ! ip forward-protocol nd ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 75.149.48.78 2 ! ip http server ip http authentication local ip http secure-server ip http timeout-policy idle 60 life 86400 requests 10000 ip nat inside source list 1 interface FastEthernet4 overload ! ip access-list extended SDM_AH remark SDM_ACL Category=1 permit ahp any any ip access-list extended SDM_ESP remark SDM_ACL Category=1 permit esp any any ip access-list extended dhcp-req-permit remark SDM_ACL Category=1 permit udp any eq bootpc any eq bootps ip access-list extended dhcp-resp-permit remark SDM_ACL Category=1 permit udp any eq bootps any eq bootpc ! access-list 1 remark SDM_ACL Category=2 access-list 1 permit 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255 access-list 100 remark SDM_ACL Category=128 access-list 100 permit ip host 255.255.255.255 any access-list 100 permit ip 127.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any access-list 100 permit ip 75.149.48.64 0.0.0.15 any access-list 101 remark SDM_ACL Category=128 access-list 101 permit ip host 64.1.208.90 any access-list 102 remark SDM_ACL Category=1 access-list 102 permit ip any any ! ! ! ! snmp-server community <removed> RO ! control-plane ! bridge 1 protocol ieee bridge 1 route ip bridge 75 route ip banner login ^CSR520 Base Config - MFG 1.0 ^C ! line con 0 no modem enable line aux 0 line vty 0 4 transport input telnet ssh ! scheduler max-task-time 5000 end I also ran some diagnostics when the WAN port stopped working: 1. show interface fa4 FastEthernet4 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is PQUICC_FEC, address is 0026.99c5.b434 (bia 0026.99c5.b434) Description: $FW_OUTSIDE$ Internet address is 75.149.48.76/28 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit/sec, DLY 100 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX/FX ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 01:08:15, output 00:00:00, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/23/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue: 0/40 (size/max) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 1000 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 336446 packets input, 455403158 bytes Received 23 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 37 throttles 41 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 41 ignored 0 watchdog 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 172529 packets output, 23580132 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 2 interface resets 0 unknown protocol drops 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 2. show ip route Gateway of last resort is 75.149.48.78 to network 0.0.0.0 C 192.168.75.0/24 is directly connected, BVI75 64.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets S 64.1.208.90 [1/0] via 75.149.48.78 S 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, BVI75 75.0.0.0/28 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 75.149.48.64 is directly connected, FastEthernet4 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [2/0] via 75.149.48.78 3. show ip arp Protocol Address Age (min) Hardware Addr Type Interface Internet 75.149.48.65 69 001e.2a39.7b08 ARPA FastEthernet4 Internet 75.149.48.76 - 0026.99c5.b434 ARPA FastEthernet4 Internet 75.149.48.78 93 0022.2d6c.ae36 ARPA FastEthernet4 Internet 192.168.75.1 - 0027.0d58.f5f0 ARPA BVI75 Internet 192.168.75.12 50 7c6d.62c7.8c0a ARPA BVI75 Internet 192.168.75.13 0 001b.6301.1227 ARPA BVI75 4. sh ip cef Prefix Next Hop Interface 0.0.0.0/0 75.149.48.78 FastEthernet4 0.0.0.0/8 drop 0.0.0.0/32 receive 64.1.208.90/32 75.149.48.78 FastEthernet4 75.149.48.64/28 attached FastEthernet4 75.149.48.64/32 receive FastEthernet4 75.149.48.65/32 attached FastEthernet4 75.149.48.76/32 receive FastEthernet4 75.149.48.78/32 attached FastEthernet4 75.149.48.79/32 receive FastEthernet4 127.0.0.0/8 drop 192.168.10.0/24 attached BVI75 192.168.75.0/24 attached BVI75 192.168.75.0/32 receive BVI75 192.168.75.1/32 receive BVI75 192.168.75.12/32 attached BVI75 192.168.75.13/32 attached BVI75 192.168.75.255/32 receive BVI75 224.0.0.0/4 drop 224.0.0.0/24 receive 240.0.0.0/4 drop 255.255.255.255/32 receive Thanks in advance, -Mike

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• Vmware Player 3.0 - cannot ping 32 bits guest from 64 bits (guest or host)

  - by npmj

  I'm stuck with what seems a bug in VmWare Player (build 203739). I'm using W7 Ultimate 64bits as host and have a CentOS 5.4 (64 bits) as a guest and a Windows XP Professional SP3 (32 bits) as another guest. From the 64 bits machines (the host and the linux guest) I cannot ping the windows XP. Off course, I already turned off the windows firewall in the guest and also in the host. The network is pretty basic, I'm using Vmnet8 (NAT), with DHCP and port forwarding (to the windows XP's IP). Everything is working ok, I have internet access from host and from both guests. Port forwarding to the XP guest is working ok too. The only problem is that I cannot access the XP guest through the Vmnet8. I monitored the traffic using wireshark (in the host and in the windows guest). If I try to ping the XP guest from the host, what I see is the ARP request leaving the host, being answered by the guest and, after that, there is no echo request leaving the host. The same occurs if I try to ping the XP from the CentOs guest. From the windows XP guest I can ping both the host and the CentOs guest. From the XP guest I can access the host shares. Obviously, from the host I cannot see the XP shares (as I cannot even ping the guest). I want to maintain this setup (using NAT to share the host's internet connection). Any suggestions?

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• Router slowing my connection?

  - by Roberto

  I have a Linksys WRT54G and I pay for a 12Mbps connection. I've been testing my connection using speedtest.net for many days and always get 8Mbps. I called the support and they told me to bypass the router and test. I did it and got 16Mbps (much more than I pay for), so I thought "this guy just changed my speed so can he blame my router", and he blamed it. But to my surprise, everytime I bypass the router I get 16Mbps and when I use the router I get 8Mbps. Is this guy trolling me somehow (configuring the VOIP-modem-stuff to different profiles depending o the MAC address connecting to it) or is my router a POS? How can I find out? I don't know what's the thing the router connects to, it's a kind of VOIP adapter; the link is this one, but unfortunately I don't think you'll understand because it's in Portuguese. I know they can remotely connect to it, that's the origin of my conspiracy theory :) I just tested wired to the router and got 10Mbps (and still 8Mbps on wifi and 16Mbps without router) O_o I'm 5cm away from my router, so no obstacles to interfere, right? ------ UPDATE ------- It's a WRT54G V8, I'm using firmware v8.00.7 (will install 8.00.8 tomorrow, but I saw that it's only a minor fix to UPnP denial of service security vulnerability). Results: IPerf LAN-LAN: 80Mbps IPerf LAN-WLAN: 19Mbps (therefore we can ignore wireless issues/settings) I wasn't able to make the (W)LAN-WAN NAT-enabled test with IPerf, I get a connection refused error. I'm not sure if did it right: ran in server mode, configured router to forward that port to my IP and tried to connect to my internet IP that got from this site. I don't think there is a way to disable NAT using this firmware. Question: Let's suppose it's an underpowered hardware issue. Is it right to assume that custom firmwares could resolve the issue because they are possibly better implemented and would make better use of the router resources? I couldn't find any references pointing to wired performance improvements with the use of custom firmware.

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• Vmware Player 3.0 - cannot ping 32 bits guest from 64 bits (guest or host)

  - by npmj

  I'm stuck with what seems a bug in VmWare Player (build 203739). I'm using W7 Ultimate 64bits as host and have a CentOS 5.4 (64 bits) as a guest and a Windows XP Professional SP3 (32 bits) as another guest. From the 64 bits machines (the host and the linux guest) I cannot ping the windows XP. Off course, I already turned off the windows firewall in the guest and also in the host. The network is pretty basic, I'm using Vmnet8 (NAT), with DHCP and port forwarding (to the windows XP's IP). Everything is working ok, I have internet access from host and from both guests. Port forwarding to the XP guest is working ok too. The only problem is that I cannot access the XP guest through the Vmnet8. I monitored the traffic using wireshark (in the host and in the windows guest). If I try to ping the XP guest from the host, what I see is the ARP request leaving the host, being answered by the guest and, after that, there is no echo request leaving the host. The same occurs if I try to ping the XP from the CentOs guest. From the windows XP guest I can ping both the host and the CentOs guest. From the XP guest I can access the host shares. Obviously, from the host I cannot see the XP shares (as I cannot even ping the guest). I want to maintain this setup (using NAT to share the host's internet connection). Any suggestions?

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• client flips between internal and external IP addresses??

  - by jmiller-miramontes

  I have what seems like a not-particularly-complicated home network, all things considered: a DSL line comes in to a modem/router, which goes off to a switch, which supports a bunch of machines. My machines live in a 192.168.0.x address space; however, I'm running some public servers on the network, so I have a block of 8 (5, really) static IP addresses that are mapped to the servers by the router. The non-servers get 192.168.0.x addresses via NAT; some machines have static addresses and some get addresses from DHCP. Locally, I'm running a DNS server (named) to map between the domain names and the 192.168 address space. Somewhat messy, but everything basically works. Except: One of my local non-server clients occasionally switches from its internal address to its external address. That is, if I check the logs of a website I'm running internally, the hits coming from this client sometimes show up with the internal 192.168 address, and sometimes with the external (216.103...) address. It will flip back and forth for no apparent reason, without my doing anything. This can be a problem in terms of how the clients interact with the way I have some of the clients' SSH systems configured (e.g., allowing access from the internal network but not the external network), but it also Just Seems Wrong. I will confess that I'm kinda skating on the very edge of my networking competence here, but I can't for the life of me figure out what's going on. If it helps, the client in question is running Mac OS X / 10.6; its address is statically assigned, is not one of the five externally-accessible addresses, and gets its DNS from (first) the internal DNS server and (second) my ISP's DNS servers. I can't swear that none of the other NAT clients are also showing this problem; the one I'm dealing with is my everyday machine, so this is where I run into it. Does anybody out there have any advice? This is driving me crazy...

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• How to force certain traffic through GRE tunnel?

  - by wew

  Here's what I do. Server (public internet is 222.x.x.x): echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward=1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf sysctl -p iptunnel add gre1 mode gre local 222.x.x.x remote 115.x.x.x ttl 255 ip add add 192.168.168.1/30 dev gre1 ip link set gre1 up iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.168.0/30 -j SNAT --to-source 222.x.x.x iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 222.x.x.x -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.168.2 Client (public internet is 115.x.x.x): iptunnel add gre1 mode gre local 115.x.x.x remote 222.x.x.x ttl 255 ip add add 192.168.168.2/30 dev gre1 ip link set gre1 up echo '100 tunnel' >> /etc/iproute2/rt_tables ip rule add from 192.168.168.0/30 table tunnel ip route add default via 192.168.168.1 table tunnel Until here, all seems going right. But then 1st question, how to use GRE tunnel as a default route? Client computer is still using 115.x.x.x interface as default. 2nd question, how to force only ICMP traffic to go through tunnel, and everything else go default interface? I try doing this in client computer: ip rule add fwmark 200 table tunnel iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -p udp -j MARK --set-mark 200 But after doing this, my ping program will timeout (if I not doing 2 command above, and using ping -I gre1 ip instead, it will works). Later I want to do something else also, like only UDP port 53 through tunnel, etc. 3rd question, in client computer, I force one mysql program to listen on gre1 interface 192.168.168.2. In client computer, there's also one more public interface (IP 114.x.x.x)... How to forward traffic properly using iptables and route so mysql also respond a request coming from this 114.x.x.x public interface?

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• How to whitelist external access to an internal webserver via Cisco ACLs?

  - by Josh

  This is our company's internet gateway router. This is what I want to accomplish on our Cisco 2691 router: All employees need to be able to have unrestricted access to the internet (I've blocked facebook with an ACL, but other than that, full access) There is an internal webserver that should be accessible from any internal IP address, but only a select few external IP addresses. Basically, I want to whitelist access from outside the network. I don't have a hardware firewall appliance. Until now, the webserver has not needed to be accessible externally... or in any case, the occasional VPN has sufficed when needed. As such, the following config has been sufficient: access-list 106 deny ip 66.220.144.0 0.0.7.255 any access-list 106 deny ip ... (so on for the Facebook blocking) access-list 106 permit ip any any ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address x.x.x.x 255.255.255.248 ip access-group 106 in ip nat outside fa0/0 is the interface with the public IP However, when I add... ip nat inside source static tcp 192.168.0.52 80 x.x.x.x 80 extendable ...in order to forward web traffic to the webserver, that just opens it up entirely. That much makes sense to me. This is where I get stumped though. If I add a line to the ACL to explicitly permit (whitelist) an IP range... something like this: access-list 106 permit tcp x.x.x.x 0.0.255.255 192.168.0.52 0.0.0.0 eq 80 ... how do I then block other external access to the webserver while still maintaining unrestricted internet access for internal employees? I tried removing the access-list 106 permit ip any any. That ended up being a very short-lived config :) Would something like access-list 106 permit ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 any on an "outside-inbound" work?

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• OSX: Mimic Ubuntu IP Masquerading via iptables with ipfw

  - by Dogbert

  Good day, I am attempting to replicate a setup I have between a router and an Ubuntu PC, and have the same setup working on my MacBook (10.6, Snow Leopard). First, I have a router that has a USB port. When I plug it into my Ubuntu PC, it creates an RNDIS connection, allowing me to connect to the router over the USB cable via an IP connection. When I plug it into my computer via USB, it gets assigned an IP address of 172.16.84.1, and a new adapter appears when I type ifconfig. I can then SSH into the device via ssh [email protected]. When I log in to the device, I flush the routes, then create the default route: admin@localhost> route -f admin@localhost> route add default 172.16.84.2 Now, in my Ubuntu machine, I use iptables to enable IP masquerading: root@Valhalla> sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 172.16.84.2 -j MASQUERADE Once this is all done, the router has internet access over the USB connection to my PC. I am trying to replicate this exact setup on my MacBook now (Snow Leopard), but iptables does not exist for OSX, not even a Macports version exists. I have scoured through other questions on StackOverflow that cover the usage of the ipfw command, which apparently works as a drop-in replacement for iptables. However, the syntax is significantly different, and I'm pretty much lost. Does anyone with some experience with ipfw have some suggestions on how I could accomplish this and create a NAT connection via IP masquerading like I could with my Ubuntu PC? Thank you for your assistance.

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• Iptables - Redirect outbound traffic on a port to inbound traffic on 127.0.0.1

  - by GoldenNewby

  I will be awarding a +100 bounty to the correct answer once it is available in 48 hours Is there a way to redirect traffic set to go out of the server to another IP, back to the server on localhost (preferably as if it was coming from the original destination)? I'd basically like to be able to set up my own software that listens on say, port 80, and receives traffic that was sent to say, 1.2.3.4. So as an example with some code. Here would be the server: my $server = IO::Socket::INET->new( LocalAddr => '127.0.0.1', LocalPort => '80', Listen => 128, ); And that would receive traffic from the following client: my $client = IO::Socket::INET->new( PeerAddr => 'google.com', PeerPort => '80', ) So rather than having the client be connecting to google.com, it would be connecting to the server I have listening on localhost for that same server. My intention is to use this to catch malware connecting to remote hosts. I don't specifically need the traffic to be redirected to 127.0.0.1, but it needs to be redirected to an IP the same machine can listen to. Edit: I've tried the following, and it doesn't work-- echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 127.0.0.1:80 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE

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• NATing IPv4 while routing IPv6

  - by Hugo

  I've the following setup: client(s) <---> (eth0) router (eth1) <---> wan I have a static IPv4 address and a /48 IPv6 address block. I need to connect all the clients to (wan). Each client will have it's own public IPv6. Meanwhile, I need to NAT those same clients over to (wan). Everything IPv4-related and the NAT are working fine. The IPv6 communication to/from (eth0)<-(clients) works fine, as does the IPv6 communication from (eth1)<-(wan) works fine. To provide IPv6 to all my clients, I've thought of too choices: Having the router as a gateway, which different IP on each interface. This sounds like I need to tell my ISP to route the entire block through that single IP, so it's not really an option. Transparently pass IPv6 packets to/from eth0<-eth1, so all clients can communicate with the upstream gateway (I would actually have a switch here if it weren't for the need to remain IPv4 compatible). So, since I've opted for the second choice, I'm in doubt: How can I pass all IPv6 traffic from eth0 to eth1 transparently? What I need is a level 3 bridge, but linux's bridgeutils create a level 2 bridge (which would bridge ipv4 as well, and I can't have that). This is a DD-WRT device, but it's pretty much an embeded linux, so most suggestions that would work on linux are welcome. Thanks.

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• Network config for KVM on physical machine with single NIC and single public IP

  - by neo0

  I have a physical machine running CentOS 6.4 and I will rent a place to run it in a data center. I want to install KVM on that machine to run some virtual machines. The problem is my physical machine have only one NIC and the data center give me a public IP for that interface. So how should I configure network on the physical machine to make it assign for each vm a private IP that can connect to Internet. If I create a br0 bridged with eth0 interface and create a vm with option --bridge=br0 then KVM could not assign an IP for the vm so setup can not be done. Should I use NAT mode? Does KVM have any host-only network like Virtualbox? But the vm still has to connect to outside? Thank you! Update I install the guest network using NAT (--network network:default) and then I only have to port-forwarding from the host. But if I config br0 bridged with physical eth0 then the guest can not get an IP from boot. So I removed the br0 and it worked.

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• iptables: allowing incoming for 192.168.1.0/24 allowed incoming for all?

  - by nortally

  The internal side of my ISP router has three devices: ISP router 128.128.43.1 Firewall router 128.128.43.2 Server 128.128.43.3 Behind the Firewall router is a NAT network using 192.168.100.n/24 This question is regarding iptables running on the Server. I wanted to allow access to port 8080 only from the NAT clients behind the Firewall router, so I used this rule -A Firewall-1-INPUT -s 192.168.100.0/24 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT This worked, but UNEXPECTEDLY ALLOWED GLOBAL ACCESS, which resulted in our JBOSS server getting compromised. I now know that the correct rule is to use the Firewall router's address instead of the internal network, but can anyone explain why the first rule allowed global access? I would have expected it to just fail. Full config, mostly lifted from a RedHat server: *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :Firewall-1-INPUT - [0:0] -A INPUT -j Firewall-1-INPUT -A FORWARD -j Firewall-1-INPUT -A Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT -A Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A Firewall-1-INPUT -m comment --comment "allow ssh from all" -A Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A Firewall-1-INPUT -m comment --comment "allow https from all" -A Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A Firewall-1-INPUT -m comment --comment "allow JBOSS from Firewall" ### THIS RESULTED IN GLOBAL ACCESS TO PORT 8080 ### -A Firewall-1-INPUT -s 192.168.100.0/24 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT ### THIS WORKED -A Firewall-1-INPUT -s 128.128.43.2 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPt ### -A Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT

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• Possible to IPSec VPN Tunnel Public IP Addresses?

  - by caleban

  A customer uses an IBM SAS product over the internet. Traffic flows from the IBM hosting data center to the customer network through Juniper VPN appliances. IBM says they're not tunneling private IP addresses. IBM says they're tunneling public IP addresses. Is this possible? What does this look like in the VPN configuration and in the packets? I'd like to know what the source/destination ip/ports would look like in the encrypted tunneled IPSec Payload and in the IP packet carrying the IPSec Payload. IPSec Payload: source:1.1.1.101:1001 destination:2.2.2.101:2001 IP Packet: source:1.1.1.1:101 destination:2.2.2.1:201 Is it possible to send public IP addresses through an IPSec VPN tunnel? Is it possible for IBM to send a print job from a server on their network using the static-nat public address over a VPN to a printer at a customer network using the printer's static-nat public address? Or can a VPN not do this? Can a VPN only work with interesting traffic from and to private IP addresses?

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• Windows Server 2008 R2 RAS VPN: access server on internal interface ip

  - by Mathias

  short question: I'm usually a linux admin but need to setup a Win2k8 R2 server for a student project. The server is running as VM on a root server and has a public internet IP assigned. Additionally I need a VPN server to access some services running on the server. I managed to set up a working VPN gateway via the Routing and RAS service which assigns clients an IP in the private subnet 192.168.88.0/24 with the Interface "Internal" listening on 192.168.88.1. Additionally I set up the external interface as NAT interface. So I can connect to the VPN server, get an IP assigned and the server additionally does NAT and I can access the internet over the VPN connection. The only thing I additionally need, is that I can access the server itself over that internal IP (e.g. client 192.168.88.2, server 192.168.88.1) as I want to access some services which I don't like to expose to the internet and restrict them to connected VPN clients. Does anybody have a hint, which configuration I'm missing here to be able to access the server over the VPN connection? EDIT: VPN clients get assigned the IP from the private subnet with subnetmask 255.255.255.255, I guess that might be the reason I can't access the server on the private IP address although it's in the same network range. Any ideas how to change this? I defined a static address pool in the Routing and RAS service, but I can't change the netmask there. EDIT2: I can't access the server from the client, but I can fully access the client from the server (ping, HTTP). I guess it has to do with firewall configuration. Thanks in advance, Mathias

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• RRAS Public Address Pool on Windows Server 2008

  - by Art

  I have a Windows 2008 server with two NICs running RRAS and a small public website. It also does NAT for several other PCs on my network and everything works great. I have a block of 5 public static IPs from my ISP, one of which is bound to the public NIC in the Windows 2008 server. I would like to assign one of the remainging 4 public IPs to a machine on my private network. I thought I could do this by going into RRAS, selecting NAT under IPv4 and then adding the public IP address to the address pool and specifying a reservation for the machine I would like to use that address by adding its private ip address. When I do this, the machine I reserved the public IP address for seems to loose all outside network connectivity. I can still ping other PCs on my 192.168.0.* net, but anything outside is no longer reachable. When I remove the reservation, everything seems to work. After setting the reservation and right clicking on the external public interface and selecting 'Show Mappings' I can see outbound requests from my private address with the desired associated private address, however I do not see any inbound requests. What am I doing wrong/missing?

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• Asterisk terminating outbound call when picked up, sends 'BYE' message

  - by vo

  I'm running Asterisk 1.6.1.10 / FreePBX 2.5.2.2 and I've got an outbound trunk setup. Everything use to work fine until recently (perhaps due to upgrade to FC12 or other things I'm not sure). Anyway the setup does not appear to have issues registering and setting up the call, RTP packets go both ways and you can hear the ringing from the other side. However it appears that when the call is picked up or thereabouts, the incoming RTP packets cease. Upon closer inspection with Wireshark, there are these particular packets that seem to be the cause: trunk->asterisk SIP/SD Status: 200 OK, with session description asterisk->trunk SIP Request: ACK sip:<phone>@trunk:6889 asterisk->trunk SIP Request: BYE sip:<phone>@trunk:6889 [..about a dozzen RTP packets in/outbound..] trunk->asterisk SIP Status: 200 OK, CSeq: 104 Bye [..outbound RTP continues, phone is silent..] Then the inbound RTP packets cease, however the asterisk logs dont show any activity at this point. The last entry reads 'SIP/ is answered SIP/'. Then when you hangup the extension, you get asterisk->trunk SIP Request: BYE sip:<phone>@trunk:6889 trunk->asterisk SIP Status: 481 Call Leg/Transaction does not exist My trunk peer settings in FreePBX are: username=<user> fromuser=<user> canreinvite=no type=friend secret=<pass> qualify=no [qualify yes produces 401/forbidden messages] nat=yes insecure=very host=<sip trunk gateway> fromdomain=<sip trunk gateway> disallow=all context=from-pstn allow=ulaw dtmfmode=inband Under sip_general_custom.conf i have stunaddr=stun.xten.com externrefresh=120 localnet=192.168.1.1/255.255.255.0 nat=yes Whats causing Asterisk to prematurely end the call and still think the call is in progress? I have no idea where to look next.

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• Sonicwall TZ210 - Set up public wifi on separate subnet & interface

  - by thomasjbarrett

  I want to set up a public wifi by connecting another router to the X6 interface, and put it on a separate subnet (192.168.10.0/24) & in the DMZ Zone to keep it away from the regular LAN. I believe I have the network settings correct: the router has acquired the IP and DNS information from the TZ210, and the TZ210 shows it as an active DHCP lease. X6 is in the DMZ. I now have a routing/NAT/firewall problem, since I can't get any traffic to travel from the subnet to the internet. I can't get to any external websites and can't ping the TZ210 from the subnet. X0 is the regular LAN, and X1 is the WAN. Looking for any tips or tutorials on this. Here's my current relevant rules: Routing Source: X6 Subnet Destination: Any Service: Any Gateway: Default Gateway Interface: X6 Source: Any Destination: X6 Subnet Service: Any Gateway: 0.0.0.0 Interface: X6 NAT Policies Source Original: Any Translated: WAN IP Destination Original: Any Translated: Original Inbound: X6 Outbound: X1 Source Original: Any Translated: U0 IP Destination Original: Any Translated: Original Inbound: X6 Outbound: U0 Firewall DMZ LAN : Deny All DMZ WAN : Allow All LAN DMZ : Allow All WAN DMZ : Allow All

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• Windows Server 2008 R2 RAS VPN: access server on internal interface ip

  - by Mathias

  Hey, short question: I'm usually a linux admin but need to setup a Win2k8 R2 server for a student project. The server is running as VM on a root server and has a public internet IP assigned. Additionally I need a VPN server to access some services running on the server. I managed to set up a working VPN gateway via the Routing and RAS service which assigns clients an IP in the private subnet 192.168.88.0/24 with the Interface "Internal" listening on 192.168.88.1. Additionally I set up the external interface as NAT interface. So I can connect to the VPN server, get an IP assigned and the server additionally does NAT and I can access the internet over the VPN connection. The only thing I additionally need, is that I can access the server itself over that internal IP (e.g. client 192.168.88.2, server 192.168.88.1) as I want to access some services which I don't like to expose to the internet and restrict them to connected VPN clients. Does anybody have a hint, which configuration I'm missing here to be able to access the server over the VPN connection? EDIT: VPN clients get assigned the IP from the private subnet with subnetmask 255.255.255.255, I guess that might be the reason I can't access the server on the private IP address although it's in the same network range. Any ideas how to change this? I defined a static address pool in the Routing and RAS service, but I can't change the netmask there. EDIT2: I can't access the server from the client, but I can fully access the client from the server (ping, HTTP). I guess it has to do with firewall configuration. Thanks in advance, Mathias

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• VirtualBox: Can't get Bridged Networking to work (Win7 host)

  - by MikeTheTall

  I'm trying to set up a virtual LAMP server, including sharing files between the guest OS (Ubuntu Server) and the host OS (Windows 7) using samba. I think my problem is that I can't get Bridged (or Host-Only) networking to work in VirtualBox. I can boot the Linux VM just fine with NAT, but then can't access any services on it directly (except after port-forwarding port 80)(my understanding is that port-forwarding works because I'm not running a web server on the host OS, and therefore it can forward traffic to the unused port 80). I don't think that port-forwarding samba traffic (from the host to the guest) will work since I think that the host OS is using those ports. When I turn off NAT and turn bridged networking on I get an error. The VM fails to boot, with a dialog popping up (title: VirtualBox - Error) that says "Failed to open a session for the virtual machine UbuntuServer. Configuration error: Failed to get MAC address (VERR_CFGM_VALUE_NOT_FOUND). I'm hoping that once this is resolved then samba will work ok :) Any advice on this would be great (how to fix it would be wonderful, next steps for troubleshooting would be great, too :) )

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• How to route to a secondary interface on the same physical ethernet?

  - by sjose3612611

  INTERNET<->(wan)BRIDGED_DEVICE(lan)<->ETH_ROUTER<->LAN Problem: Need to access web server on BRIDGED_DEVICE's LAN from INTERNET via ROUTER (BRIDGED_DEVICE's web server cannot be accessed form INTERNET since it has no Public management IP). Cannot configure bridged device. It has a static IP on its LAN to which its web server binds. Attempt: Create a secondary/alias WAN Interface on ETH_ROUTER (e.g Primary: eth0.1 (for internet access) and Secondary: eth0.2 (for accessing web server on BRIDGED_DEVICE), (No VLANs). eth0.1 has a public IP; eth0.2 has a static private IP in the BRIDGED_DEVICE's subnet (e.g 10.0.X.Y). Iptables on ETH_ROUTER: Added a port forward (DNAT) from eth0.1 to eth0.2: iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -i eth0.1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.X.Y iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o eth0.2 -s 10.0.X.0/24 -j MASQUERADE Stateful firewall w/ overall drop policy on FORWARD chain, hence: iptables -I FORWARD -i eth0.1 -d 10.0.X.Y -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT Can ping from ETH_ROUTER to BRIDGED_DEVICE but unable to reach the web server from Internet. I see packet cont increasing for the DNAT rule but not sure where it disappears in the ETH_ROUTER after that. ETH_ROUTER is the only device that can be configured to achieve this. If familiar with this scenario, please suggest what I may be missing or doing wrong here or suggest techniques to debug?

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• Cannot access firewalled jboss server from Internet Explorer

  - by Simon Gibbs

  I've produced a website for a client One Single Menu using JBoss and hosted it on Rackspace Cloud Servers running Ubuntu's Maverick Meerkat. Following advice, I esablished some iptables rule to protect jboss: iptables -I INPUT 1 -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080 iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -o lo -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080 iptables -A INPUT -j DROP Now, several versions of IE on several computers on at least two different ISPs cannot access the onesinglemenu.com. Curl from within the datacenter, Firefox, and Safari on the same ISPs can all access the server fine. I even tried IE and Firefox on the same computer and IE failed but Firefox worked. The error behaviour is that IE hangs on connecting without reporting an error, even after a minute or so. No page is displayed at all. I find it quite odd that I'm having a browser specific connection issue, but it appears to be the case. Help!

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• internet-based sync software that will keep running after Windows Live Sync stops doing PC-to-PC-syncs?

  - by Warren P

  According to the wikipedia page, Microsoft Live Sync will shortly stop offering the PC-to-PC sync service. There are lots of apps to sync two PCs on the same LAN, but I want to sync two PCs that are in different cities, across the internet, traversing two different NATs, and that requires some kind of service running in the internet that both connect into. There is already a few questions about syncing folders and files, but this is not a duplicate because none of them answer this basic question: Microsoft Live Sync works better than RSYNC, or any of the linked SYNC solutions in any of the "not really duplicates" because it works even when the two PCs have NAT and firewalls between them that forbid direct connectivity, because Windows Live Sync has a free always-on internet server that all the client PCs connect into. I'm looking for a FREE (no-fees) Microsoft Live Sync work-alike PC-to-PC sync solution that works between PCs and Macs, at least, as well as between PCs, and works behind NAT and firewalls at least as well as Microsoft's solution. (Note that Microsoft's solution makes only outbound socket calls to a microsoft server, so this solution must necessarily include a server-hub component that is hosted publically on a free site and which does not require that I set up and manage and pay for my own public internet hosting site) Hint: None of the answers in the linked duplicate are equivalent (PureSync,FreeFileSync,BestSync 2010,SyncButler,Comodo BackUp,QuickShadow,Gbridge) in that none of them work for the PC to Mac situation, where firewalls and nats prevent direct connection, or else they require money to be paid. When Microsoft Live Sync / Live Mesh finally kills direct PC-to-PC mode, the limitation will be that you will have to pay for more than 25 GB of cloud service, and you can then only sync PC #1 to PC #2 if you first sync to the cloud, then down to other clients. I can currently sync 100 gb of data from one computer to another, only temporarily "moving the data" through Microsoft's data servers without using up my Skydrive storage quota.

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