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• Getting started with server and system adminstration

  - by sid__

  I am web developer and I have been doing a lot of server configurations and system administrative tasks lately I was wondering if someone could recommend books and tutorials that would help understand how things are done the right way. Though I mostly work with Apache and Nginx for configuring and maintaining my applications, my approach has been largely trial and error based with information off google and blogs. Could someone recommend books that explain how to get started with system administrative tasks (preferably in a tutorial fashion so that I may try and understand the workings of the system). I work mostly on Linux systems on EC2 Thanks in advance.

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• OOMK kills mysql and apache when there is still a lot[?] of mem

  - by Flyer

  let me first say that I'm pretty new ti *nix systems and even more to server management. Anyway, I've got a little problem. I got VPS with 1gb mem, system is debian 6. I have few sites running on it, though some load can only be caused by one of them. Recently, OOMK started to kill mysql, causing wp and phpbb giving error that it can't connect to mysql server. Error itself is not good, especially if it happens at night and site becomes unavailable until I wake up and restart mysql. I have probably bad line in my cron which can be cause of it all (again, I'm new to it) */20 * * * * sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches Well, if you need any information, let me know, since I don't really know which information can be useful here. Also, I'd like to know if it's not too bad to have above cron task.

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• Red Hat 6.5- sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects=0

  - by kjbradley

  I am in the process of writing a Red Hat 6.5 Kickstart disc with hardened security. I have run a program to determine where the weaknesses are in my system, and apparently there is a medium severity problem by accepting IPV6 redirects. When I implement the following line in my post script in my kickstart, I can't access any websites externally with wget, or ssh/scp in from my computer. sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects=0 Is there a workaround to this so that the system will still be hardened but I will be able to access systems that are external?

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• What's a worthwhile test for a new HD?

  - by Michael Kohne

  I work for a company that uses standard 2.5" SATA HD's in our product. We presently test them by running the Linux 'badblocks -w' command on them when we get them - but they are 160 gig drives, so that takes like 5 hours (we boot parted magic onto a PC to do the scan). We don't actually build that many systems at a time, so this doable, but seriously annoying. Is there any research or anecdotal evidence on what a good incoming test for a hard drive should be? I'm thinking that we should just wipe them with all zeros, write out our image, and do a full drive read back. That would end up being only about 1 hour 45 minutes total. Given that drives do block remapping on their own, would what I've proposed show up any infant mortality just as well as running badblocks?

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• Internet Explorer 9 beta installation problem

  - by Eric

  I'm running Vista SP2, x64. Because I wanted to test out the IE9 beta, I downloaded the English-language installer for 64-bit Vista systems. Running the installer is fine until it starts downloading required updates. The progress bar doesn't get far before it completely stops moving. Then after 20 minutes to an hour, it will tell me that there's an update I have to install, but as soon as I click OK it sends me an error message, telling me that it can't go to the url of the update which is here. So I manually enter it into my browser, which prompts me to download a standalone update. After that's been downloaded and I run it, it tells me that the update does not apply to my system. I'd appreciate any help to solving my problem.

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• What data should I (can I) gather to prove a .net bug in third party software?

  - by gef05

  Our users are using a third-party system and every so often - a user might go all day without this happening, other days they may see it two or three times in seven hours - a red x will appear on screen rather than a button, field, or control. This is a .net system. Looking online I can see that this is a .net error. Problem is, our devs didn't write it, and the vendor wants proof that the problem resides with their system, not our PCs. What can we do to gather information on such an issue that would allow us to make our case to the vendor and get them to create a fix? I'm thinking of data to gather - anything from OS, memory. .net version installed etc. But I'd also like to know about error logging - if it's possible to log errors that occur in third-party systems.

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• X11 forwarding through SSH

  - by martinjlowm

  I have been playing around with X11 forwarding the past few hours and so far I've managed to forward my desktop pc's X Server to my laptop, using X11VNC as server and X2VNC as client. X2VNC uses Xinerama to provide a dual-screen-like behavior between my laptop and my desktop pc. It's actually really great! I know that most Linux systems run Xorg and desktop environments on TTY7. Therefore I was thinking, is it in any way possible to have the VNC-tunnel tied to it's own TTY? It would be great to be able to switch forth and back between two TTY's in order to choose which machine to manage. And I would like this approach more than using Xinerama or a GUI.

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• SQL 2008 R2 Mirroring Issue

  - by CWL

  Windows 2008 R2 with SQL 2008 R2 - Using Mirroring of a Database across the WAN in a HA setup with one witness. One issue I am having is during a failure (ever so often) the system fails over or tries, but leaves both databases in a Restoring State. My guess is the failover issue happens when there is a WAN bouncing and the systems get confused. The usual fix is to reboot the sql servers. Has anyone seen this type of failure? While this does not happen often it does causes an issue and concern with HA not being trusted fully.

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• Register a domain with NIC

  - by tandu

  I recently bought a .es domain for the purpose of creating a domain hack. I registered the domain with esreg.com (SANE Systems, apparently). My card was charged, but the domain is listed as not registered. I have not yet been able to get in contact with them. Their website seems to have a small form to register the site and to specify the nameservers, but when I fill it out it says "You have to specify the NIC handles first." I don't know how to get those. They have for example a box that says "Owner" with an example of SK86-ESNIC-F4. I have another website so I may have this information, but I don't know how to get it.

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• Do control groups improve system performances?

  - by qdii

  According to this website, enabling cgroups in the kernel can boost performances by sharing resources in a better way. In particular, the conclusion states that:  Nevertheless, with a little trial and error, cgroups can help you improve the efficiency of your systems’ resource usage and avoid downtime due to overusage of a single service. Kernel seeds, however, recommend to deactivate them altogether. They say: Consider these [kernel] settings poison. They remain nothing but system slow-downs. They are all off by default [in the proposed kernel config file]. Who should I trust?

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• Synergy stopped moving cursor over to client computer (config worked previously)

  - by crazedgremlin

  I am using QuickSynergy on OSX on my client computer and the standard Synergy program on Windows. I had a configuration that worked two days ago when I last used it, but today I came into work and it wasn't working. The odd thing is that the server shows that the client connects: NOTE: started server, waiting for clients NOTE: accepted client connection NOTE: client "danbook.local" has connected It's just that the cursor won't move to the other screen. The only change in either of my systems was that I added 4GB of RAM to the client, though that seems unimportant. What might cause this to happen?

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• How to contact an Email Administrator at a large company?

  - by Brett G

  Before I've had to deal with other larger companies, client of ours, when we have had e-mail issues with them. Most of the time it's when our messages have been tagged as spam, although right now it's because one of their systems has gone haywire and is repeatedly sending us e-mails. Anyway, my question is how do you get in touch with the email administrator. I've found at some larger companies unless you have the name of the person, the receptionist will refuse to connect you to them (I'd imagine they're acting as the gatekeeper from salespeople asking for "the person responsible for dealing with your printers"). I know we could always try to deal with our contact at the company, but sometimes that can be slow and difficult and these issues are usually time sensitive.

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• Nightly backups (and maybe other tasks) causing server alerts

  - by J. Pablo Fernández

  I have two independent alert notification systems for my servers. The server is a virtual machine on Linode and one of the alerts comes from Linode. The other monitoring system we use is New Relic. They are both watching out for IO utilization. Every night I get alerts from both of them as the server is using too much IO. I run quite a few tasks in the middle of the night but the one I confirmed that can cause IO-warnings is running the backups. The backup is done by s3cmd sync. I tried ionice but it still generates the warnings. Getting warnings every night reduces the efficacy of warnings when they happen for real. For Linode I could raise the level at which a warning is issued, but it might mean making the whole thing useless as the level is too high. What would be the proper solution for this?

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• Please provide how to setup using VMware, AD [closed]

  - by user552585

  In my organisation we have more than 100 pcs and high configured 3 IBM servers. Now the senario is 300 employees with diff programmers like .Net,java,php etc. these employees use by these systems only in diff shifts without stop their work. I want all applications required them on every system and they have perticular id, Pw to login and i have to secure the organisation data and userdata to tamper or any thing by other users. Please provide how to setup using VMware, AD with MicroSoft environment with fully secured manner. please give brief explanation. Please help me

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• SFTP sending files between laptops on Ubuntu

  - by twigg

  I want to transfer files between two Ubuntu systems using SFTP. I have got it set-up and I can connect to the other laptop, ping it and see its file list using sftp> dir. I can see the files on the other system. But when I call get filename.deb it comes up saying Fetching /home/user/filename.deb to filename.deb 0% 0 0.0KB/s --:-- ETA and then drops back to the sftp command promote without transferring anything. Have I missed something?

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• mirror sql server 2008 to AWS instance from our datacenter?

  - by Alex

  We are currenlty running on hosted pos system locally and would like to mirror to AWS. We are new to AWS and would like to know the most cost effective way to do this? We have 2 DB and 2 web servers right now in one cabinet in CA. One tape drive, one firewall, one SNA. We are thinking to replicate our system in AWS (using sql server 2008) and just mirror both systems and use a witness server between them to keep the data in sync? The goal is, if CA datacenter goes down, AWS keeps running. User see no downtime. All data is synced. Is anyone doing something similar? Would this be practical to just use AWS in this fashion? Thanks

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• Does multi-platter hard-drive use all of their heads to read simultaneously?

  - by WiSaGaN

  Suppose we have a harddisk with 2 platters with characteristics below: Rotational rate: 10, 000 RPM Avg sectors/track: 1000 Surfaces: 4 Sector size: 512 bytes I was reading "Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective 2ed" when I found that it calculates transfer time as if it only uses ONE head to read a sector. If that's the case, why not use 4 heads to write(read) on 4 surfaces? So when I write a 2K bytes file, each head should only need to wait for the platters to rotate just one sector length instead of 4, thus reducing the transfer time by a factor of 4. Or even redesign sector to make each sector on one cylinder but on 4 tracks residing same position respectively on 4 surfaces. Each one of (512/4) bytes. So when the hd needs to read a sector of 512 bytes, we only need the disk to rotate roughly 1/4 compare to original time. The idea looks like RAID 0.

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• How do I get transparent, efficient, file system snapshotting or versioning on ext3/4?

  - by shovas

  I've long thought about versioning file systems. This is a killer feature and I've looked at Wayback, ext3cow, zfs, fuse solutions, or just cvs/svn/git overlays. I consider ext3cow the model for my requirements. Transparent, efficient, but I can do without the extra ls abc@timestamp feature. As long as I somehow get automated, transparent versioning of my files. It could be instantaneous or it could be based on snapshots on intervals of 10s, 30s, 1m, 5m, 15m, etc. Just something that will efficiently deal with thousands of files in a given directory all of various sizes, most small, but some upwards of 100m to 1gb. ZFS isn't really an option as I'm on linux (and would prefer not to use it through fuse as I already have an ext3 setup I want to version, not something new). What solutions are out there?

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• How to redirect a specific url through a proxy for multiple services?

  - by CrystalFire

  I have a website hosted on 000webhost.com for free. I am unable to connect directly to the site because Comcast has blocked a portion of 000webhost's servers for free accounts due to other people hosting malicious content. In order to maintain my website, I cannot use my computer to directly connect to the server. I am wondering if there is a way by which I can specifically forward attempts to access the server through a proxy, transparently. The current system that I am on is Windows, but I also have systems running Mac OSX and Linux, so solutions for any system could be fine. I've found answers which work for http, but I'm looking for a solution which will let me use all the other functions as well, such as ftp and ssh.

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• Access Denied of a folder on a Drive

  - by kanchan bor gohain

  I wanted to restrict access of other people in a certain drive of my computer. What I did was go to the Security Tab (under Drive Properties) and remove the All Users entry. My account is an administrator account. I left only Systems and Administrator on the list. However, when I tried to access drive D, I got an Access Denied error, and Security Tab is already missing.i resolved the problem using safe mode way but i got another problem, I'd used command prompt to hide(attrib) a folder in drive D but i can't access it, though i can access all other files. I used cmd to unhide but access denied

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• 1 tera flop cluster?

  - by Adobe

  I want to buy a $40000 1 tera flop cluster to keep it in a room. What are the standard configurations? Cluster is supposed to do molecular dynamics simulations on biological systems. I'm proposed a 4 pc with 8 cores each by the selling company I'm deadling with. It looks like I also need infiniband. Does some one has an experience -- what phisical memory should I buy etc? I know things change very quickly... Still there might be a point or two to state. Edit: Custer is supposed to run linux, and gromacs in it.

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• Good free way to clone a hard drive or a partition and send the image over the network (through FTP, Windows file sharing, "anything")?

  - by Deleted

  What I ideally would like is a free software solution which can: Boot from a CD/DVD/USB-stick and Clone a complete hard drive or a partition and Send the resulting image file over the network through Windows file sharing (SMB, I could use SAMBA on my server to receive the image) or through FTP or through SFTP or through SCP It should work with Linux and Windows file-systems (where specific file system support is necessary) Is there anything good out there like this? I know Wikipedia lists a lot of cloning software. But I'm looking for a personal recommendation which you have used yourself, as I find it more credible (I'll see from the upvotes if the answer is liked by a lot of visitors).

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• Who should own /var/www? [closed]

  - by John

  Possible Duplicate: How should I structure my users/groups/permissions for a web server? I've seen a few answers to this on the internet, but I'm looking for a definitive answer. I have a new Ubuntu 12.04 LTS server with LAMP. Apache is set to run as "www-data" and /var/www is set as having "root" as the owner and "root" as the group. The permissions for /var/www are "drwxr-xr-x" which I believe translates to 755 numerically. I know that /var/www should not be owned by "www-data" because then buggy/malicious code could have a field day. However, should I keep it as root:root (inconvenient) or should I change it to ubuntu:ubuntu, the default user that Ubuntu preconfigures for you to log in with? Should the permissions remain at 755? I've been administrating systems for a while with no big security issues, but I'm trying to get really serious about security, double-check everything, and make sure that there are no gaps in my knowledge.

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• sync two huge filesystems

  - by guettli

  I need to sync two huge file systems. Both sides run linux with full root access. My preferred solution: I can read the list of changed files and directories and sync only the changed files. Here are some solutions and why they don't fit: rsync: Needs to check recursively all files. There are some million files and only little changes. The check takes too long. unison: the same: needs to check all files. inotify: I need a handler for every directory and there too many. Inotify was not build for "watch all files" scenarios. DRDB: Both sides should run independent.

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• How to reference or vlookup a list of values based on a comma separated list of column references within a cell in excel?

  - by glallen

  I want to do a vlookup (or similar) against a column which is a list of values. This works fine for looking up a value from a single row, but I want to be able to look up multiple rows, sum the results, and divide by the number of rows referenced. For example: A B C D E F G [----given values----------------] [Work/Auth] [sum(vlookup(each(G),table,5)) /count(G)] [given vals] 1 Item Authorized OnHand Working Operational% DependencyOR% Dependencies 2 A 1 1 1 1 .55 B 3 B 10 5 5 .50 .55 C,D 4 C 100 75 50 .50 .60 D 5 D 10 10 6 .60 1 I want to be able to show an Operational Rate, and an operational rate of the systems each system depends on (F). In order to get a value for F, I want to sum over each value in column-E that was referenced by a dependency in column-G then divide by the number of dependencies in G. Column-G can have varying lengths, and will be a comma separated list of values from column-A. Is there any way to do this in excel?

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