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• Battery management of a Macbook

  - by darthvader

  I bought a Macbook Pro last week. I mostly use (and plan to use) it like a desktop with an external monitor. I use the system at least 15 hours a day. Now using the coconut battery application, I figured out that the capacity has the current capacity has reduced to 98% of the design capacity. I was wondering what is the best way to manage battery. Should it be always either charging or discharging Should it be plugged in all time. I barely get 2 hours and 30 minutes on battery. Is that normal? I run XCode, VMWare Fusion (for Visual Studio), Mail app, Chrome (5-10 tabs) and Itunes (mp3). The brightness is 60% on battery. I already did the calibration.

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• What sort of attack URL is this?

  - by Asker

  I set up a website with my own custom PHP code. It appears that people from places like Ukraine are trying to hack it. They're trying a bunch of odd accesses, seemingly to detect what PHP files I've got. They've discovered that I have PHP files called mail.php and sendmail.php, for instance. They've tried a bunch of GET options like: http://mydomain.com/index.php?do=/user/register/ http://mydomain.com/index.php?app=core&module=global§ion=login http://mydomain.com/index.php?act=Login&CODE=00 I suppose these all pertain to something like LiveJournal? Here's what's odd, and the subject of my question. They're trying this URL: http://mydomain.com?3e3ea140 What kind of website is vulnerable to a 32-bit hex number?

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• How to legitimately work around ISP rate limits

  - by Derek Ting

  A lot of ISP rate limit the amount of e-mails that is sent from a particular IP address. What is the proper way to get around that rate limit? Our company has an iPhone application that sends many e-mails because of our large user base and many e-mails go to different ISPs that rate limit the number of messages coming from a specific IP. We do not send spam and we are a legitimate business. However, is there a better way to resolve this limitation rather than just getting a ton of IP addresses? Ideally, I wouldn't want to rely on a third party service to send mail. However, if its the only possible solution, we would consider.

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• Mac OS X Server add server user

  - by Meltemi

  What's the recommended way to add a user to Mac OS X Server that doesn't need all the hoopla associated with Workgroup Manager? There are many users pre-configured in Mac OS X Server (www, root, ldapadmin, etc.) that don't have "Full Name" or mail accounts, etc. I'd like to create a 'svn' user to be the owner of our Subversion Repository as per this tutorial: If you've decided to use either Apache or stock svnserve, create a single svn user on your system and run the server process as that user. Be sure to make the repository directory wholly owned by the svn user as well. From a security point of view, this keeps the repository data nicely siloed and protected by operating system filesystem permissions, changeable by only the Sub- version server process itself. Wondering if there's a way outside of WorkgroupManager and OpenDirectory as this account will be entirely server based. Is this still sound advice under OS X Server? If so what's the easiest way to create the user (Mac OS X Server doesn't seem to respond to useradd).

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• Cyrus: How Do I Configure saslauthd For Authentication?

  - by Nick

  I'm trying to get Cyrus IMAP (v 2.2 on Ubuntu 9.04) setup and working, but I'm having a bit of trouble getting the login working correctly. I've created a mailbox for my test user "nrahl": cm user/nrahl and then created a password: $ saslpasswd2 nrahl I'm attempting to connect to the mailbox using Thunderbird. I'm using the machine's LAN IP address as the host, and "nrahl" as the username. It connects to the server and prompts me for the password. When I enter it, I get "Login to server failed." in Thunderbird, and /var/log/mail.log shows: Apr 15 19:20:01 IMAP cyrus/imap[1930]: accepted connection Apr 15 19:20:09 IMAP cyrus/imap[1930]: badlogin: [192.168.5.21] plaintext nrahl SASL(-13): authentication failure: checkpass failed Part of /etc/imapd.conf with comments removed: sieveusehomedir: false sievedir: /var/spool/sieve #mailnotifier: zephyr #sievenotifier: zephyr #dracinterval: 0 #drachost: localhost hashimapspool: true allowplaintext: yes sasl_mech_list: PLAIN #allowapop: no #sasl_maximum_layer: 256 #loginrealms: example.com #virtdomains: userid #defaultdomain: sasl_pwcheck_method: saslauthd #sasl_auxprop_plugin: sasldb sasl_auto_transition: no UPDATE: When setting: sasl_pwcheck_method: alwaystrue in /etc/imapd.conf, login works correctly. So I'm assuming the issue is saslauthd related.

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• Munin email notification

  - by Prashanth

  I am trying to get munin to notify me via email. I have configured munin and it reports critical and warning values but no alerts are being sent neither is any script being called. Can you please help me out with this? I have included part of the munin.conf below # Drop [email protected] and [email protected] an email everytime # something changes (OK -> WARNING, CRITICAL -> OK, etc) #contact.someuser.command mail -s "Munin notification" [email protected]\ contact.prashanth.command echo "Munin notification" | sendmail -t [email protected] contact.prashanth.always_send warning critical contact.root.command echo "Munin notification" | sendmail -t [email protected] contact.root.always_send warning critical contact.pipevia.command | /home/prashanth/script.sh /home/prashanth/script.sh None of this works. What am i missing here and why are emails not being sent? Thanks in advance. here is the munin-limits.log 2011/09/26 14:58:12 Opened log file 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [INFO] Starting munin-limits, getting lock /var/run/munin/munin-limits.lock 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 722. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 725. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 740. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 754. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 759. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $text in length at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 774. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $res[3] in join or string at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 777. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 722. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 725. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 740. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 754. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 759. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $text in length at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 774. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $res[15] in join or string at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 777. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 722. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 725. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 740. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 754. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 759. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $text in length at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 774. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $res[1] in join or string at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 777. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 722. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 725. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 740. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 754. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $a[0] in pattern match (m//) at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 759. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $text in length at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 774. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [PERL WARNING] Use of uninitialized value $res[1] in join or string at /usr/share/perl5/Munin/Master/LimitsOld.pm line 777. 2011/09/26 14:58:12 Baz? 2011/09/26 14:58:12 [INFO] munin-limits finished (0.02 sec) 2011/09/26 14:58:12 Command "prashanth" stderr: Munin notification - this is a test mail from the user prashanth | sendmail -t [email protected]

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• On a router, how do I block wan access for a particular machine without blocking its access to the local network?

  - by HappyEngineer

  On my tp-link TL-WR1043ND router I want to prevent a particular machine from having access to the WAN while still allowing that machine to access other machines on the LAN. My assumption is that I need to do something in the "Access Control" section, however the problem is that it wants an ip range or domain name for the target of the rule. The router uses DHCP to get an address from the WAN, so I don't have any guarantee what the ip address of the wan will be. If the answer is that it's not possible with this router, could someone describe how to do it using OpenWRT instead?

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• Evolution Gmail Mashup + Fixing Time stamp

  - by Dan

  I wanted to migrate my university email (including subfolders) to my gmail account. Since gmail only imports POP3 which doesn't have subfolders, I had to connect to both gmail and my university mail using an email client (I am using Evolution) and then drag each folder from my university account to my gmail account. This worked for the most part, but the time stamp on every email I dragged over from my university account to gmail reads as todays date, when it was dragged over. If I enter the email and hit details it shows the actual sent date. How can I get it to not overwrite the received date when transferring? (as I assume this is what is happening). Thanks

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• Best way to restore individual folders via Time Machine after clean Lion install?

  - by A4J

  I'm doing a clean erase and install of Lion, and am looking for the best way to restore individual folders into my home directory via Time Machine. I've done a dummy run, clean Lion install, then 'browse other disks' in Time Machine, navigate to my home folder and 'restore' what I need, such as pictures/music and folders inside the .library folder (such as Mail and Keychains). However this method seems to give you odd permissions, like this: http://i43.tinypic.com/15y82v4.png Hence I wondered if anyone knows what the best method is to restore files and folders after a clean install. N.b I do not want to use the migration assistant, or 'restore OS from Time Machine' - as I specifically want to do a clean install, and just copy over what I need (some folders will be moved onto a separate disk to the OS, and some will remain on the same disk). Thanks in advance.

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• How to block access to websites on a linux box [closed]

  - by user364952

  I'm just curious how many ways people can come up with to block access to a website. I simply intended to block (my own) access to news.ycombinator.com to stop my productivity drain. The first two methods I thought of were editing the hosts file to resolve news.ycombinator.com to 0.0.0.0 or adding a rule to iptables. iptables -A OUTPUT -d news.ycombinator.com -j REJECT Disclaimer: I do realise that the above two methods are easily by-passable. Doesn't help this is my own machine. What other ways does the internet know?

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• IE8 Windows 7 (64bit) security certificate problem

  - by Steve

  Hi, We have just received some new computers for use in the office (Dell Vostro). They seem to work fine in the main. When we use IE8 to go to some web pages such as yahoo mail it tells us: “There is a problem with this websites security certificate” If we have a look at the details it says: “This certificate cannot be verified up to a trusted certification authority” This however works correctly in Firefox. I don't understand why I should get such an error message, should this not just work? I don't think its anything to do with the certificate itself as this is happening on www.yahoo.co.uk and other commercial (amazon I think?) sites. I think there is something off with the PCs setup. The PC has Windows 7 (64 bit) and Norton Internet Security installed. Any ideas as to why this is happening? Thanks

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• 32bit domU on 64bit dom0

  - by ModuleC

  I'm using 64bit Centos Dom0 with: 2.6.18-164.15.1.el5xen #1 SMP Wed Mar 17 12:04:23 EDT 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux recently i migrated some 32bit Centos domUs on this node. As by specs 32bit domUs should work with 64bit dom0. DomUs are paravirtualized, and everything works, except iptables limit. Anyways runing csf on domU will return following messages in dmesg: ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team Netfilter messages via NETLINK v0.30. ip_conntrack version 2.4 (2080 buckets, 16640 max) - 304 bytes per conntrack ip_tables: limit match: invalid size 40 != 28 ip_tables: limit match: invalid size 40 != 28 ip_tables: limit match: invalid size 40 != 28 ip_tables: limit match: invalid size 40 != 28 ip_tables: limit match: invalid size 40 != 28 ip_tables: limit match: invalid size 40 != 28 ip_tables: limit match: invalid size 40 != 28 Doing lsmod on both dom0 and domU is listing all iptables modules required as loaded. I've found this http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg189433.html But didn't find anything for centos on this issue. Am I missing something?

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• Alerting system for Munin

  - by akirk

  I am very satisfied with munin as a monitoring tool (as I only have a simple 2-server setup) but its alerting system is very annoying as you can only configure it to send an e-mail upon every check which generates a warning or an error. It seems like the only option is to use Nagios but in Debian it has Apache as a dependency and I already use nginx on my monitoring machine. All I want is to have the possibility to silence/acknowledge the alarm while I am working on a fix, so that I don't get bombarded with e-mails. Nagios seems like an oversized solution for that anyway. Is there any simple solution for that or am I the only one who feels like he needs such a tool?

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• activesync not working with forms based authentication

  - by Chad

  I have an Exchange 2003 SP2 single backend server with an SSL cert. I was having trouble getting OMA to work so I found a MS article about making a reg hack and creating a new Exchange-OMA virtual directory. I am able to connect and access content from my mailbox by using secure mail.domainname.com/oma and using my credentials. ActiveSync was not working on a Windows mobile phone or iPhone. I found another article about using Forms Based Authenication and SSL on a single Exchange server environment and the fix was to elliminate FBA and SSL for the Exchange virtual directory. That allows ActiveSync to now work. I have very few mobile users, but they are management, so I need to make ActiveSync work but I would like to get back to using SSL. http://support.microsoft.com/kb/817379 Any ideas about this setup? Thanks.

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• Is it possible to disable the retry mechanism in Exim

  - by Tony Meyer

  I have a very simple Exim configuration that's just forwarding all mail to a set of destination addresses. When immediate delivery to an address fails, the message is added to the queue (and then processed by the retry rules). I want to change this so that if immediately delivery fails, the message is :blackhole:d. (It's ok if a bounce is generated instead, as I'll just redirect the bounce to the :blackhole:). This needs to occur for temporary failures (i.e. 4xx) as well as permanent (i.e. 5xx) ones. I understand that this means that if delivery can't be done immediately the message will be permanently and irretrievably lost. In this particular context, that isn't a problem. Reading over this, it sounds suspiciously like "how can I improve my spamming Exim server". That really isn't what this is for, and if you can figure out a way I can prove that, I'm happy to do so!

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• self-issued exchange certificate for dyndns-url

  - by Sam

  I've got an exchange server behind behind a port to address translation firewall. The server is reachable from the internet using a dyndns-url. Now I want to sync windows phones to exchange mailboxes. To achieve this, I need to install the exchange certificate on the windows phone (send it to the phone by mail, double click). So far so good. But, as far as I can see this does only work if the certificate on my exchange server matches the dyndns-url? So I'd like to know: how do I create a self signed certificate for my dyndns-url and install it on exchange?

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• Prevent redirect loop in mod_rewrite

  - by user280381

  I'm writing a rule in my htaccess that basically says this: If the request is for the homepage And a cookie has not been set Rewrite the page with /addCookie.php Then in addCookie.php, we set the cookie and redirect back to the homepage. This is all fine, but if the user doesn't accept cookies, we get an infinite loop of redirects. I'm new to mod_rewrite, I've done a lot of searching, but can't break the loop. I have this so far: RewriteCond %{ENV:REDIRECT_STATUS} 200 RewriteRule .* - [S=1] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} "^/$" RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} !device_detected RewriteRule ^ addCookie.php [L] Is what I'm trying to do possible? I could add a query string on the redirect from addCookie.php, but I'd much rather keep the requests identical. Any suggestions kindly welcome.

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• Does Outlook continue to auto-discover account settings for already configured accounts? Can it be prevented?

  - by Oliver Salzburg

  fail2ban just locked me out of our website because something from my desktop was hammering port 443 on the server (which is not in use). I saw my IP also requesting "GET /autodiscover/autodiscover.xml HTTP/1.1", so I assume that's what's going on on port 443 as well. But I only have 1 email account configured in Outlook and it's working just fine. The account is for the address [email protected] and said server will answer for example.com, but that server is not our MX and it is also not configured as an Exchange server in my mail account. So, why is Outlook still trying to retrieve those auto-configuration settings?

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• Detecting Request that uses invalid Encoding using Modsecurity

  - by Ali Ahmad

  I am trying write a virtual patch using modsecurity for my hosted web application using following rule i.e. <Location /index.php> SecDefaultAction phase:2,t:none,log,deny # Validate parameter names SecRule ARGS_NAMES "!^(articleid)$" \ "msg:'Unknown parameter: %{MATCHED_VAR_NAME}'" # Expecting articleid only once SecRule &ARGS:articleid "!@eq 1" \ "msg:'Parameter articleid seen more than once'" # Validate parameter articleid SecRule ARGS:articleid "!^[0-9]{1,10}$" \ "msg:'Invalid parameter articleid'" </Location> The problem is how can i reject requests that use invalid encoding as a global WAF configuration so that this patch cannot be circumvented.

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• Transfer Books from Mac to Kindle App on the Nexus 7

  - by AJ.

  I have some e-books that I've downloaded from Project Gutenberg and some other sources to my MBP. They are all DRM free. Excluding e-mail them to my Kindle as a personal document as a method (the total size is more than 5 GB, the space provided by Amazon), is there any way to transfer these books to my Kindle App on my Nexus 7 (Android Tablet). I have the Kindle App version 3.1.7 I've already seen the question Can I sync books I didn't buy from Amazon via Kindle app? but that is not the answer I'm looking for. Thanks

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• Does a Required Restart for Windows Update log an event? If so what is the source/id?

  - by Beuy

  Hi there, Does anyone happen to know if a required restart in order to apply Windows Updates creates a entry in the event log? If so which log is it under, and what is the source/id? I have a legacy system that needs to an account, constantly logged into console for applications to function as required (Some old PROCOMS modem software for customers without Internet access but a telephone (Dial-up? Separate issue, don't get me started -.-)). When an update is applied to this machine that requires a restart (Server 2003) I would like an e-mail alert to be sent.

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• Gratuitous CRLF in Subject: line - why is it there, and is it legal?

  - by MadHatter

  I'm running into a problem with a NAGIOS system sending emails to a popular email-to-SMS service. The email-to-SMS service takes emails with text in the Subject: line, and sends them on to the mobile number encoded in the To: field. So far so good. Sadly, sendmail (and postfix before it) seem to be inserting a gratuitous CRLF into the (necessarily long) Subject: line, and that's causing my SMS messages to be truncated at the CRLF if and only if the Subject: line contains one or more colons past the gratuitous CRLF. I am confident that the messages are being created correctly, but just to be sure, here's me creating a completely noddy test message to myself, with a long Subject: line: echo "foo" | mail -s "1234567 101234567 201234567 301234567 401234567 501234567 601234567 701234567 801234567 90123456789" [email protected] Note there's no extra colon in this Subject: line; all I'm doing here is showing that an extra CRLF is inserted on the wire. Here's the result of sudo ngrep -x port 25: 44 61 74 65 3a 20 46 72    69 2c 20 33 31 20 4d 61    Date: Fri, 31 Ma 79 20 32 30 31 33 20 31    30 3a 34 33 3a 35 35 20    y 2013 10:43:55 2b 30 31 30 30 0d 0a 54    6f 3a 20 72 65 61 70 65    +0100..To: reape 72 40 74 65 61 70 61 72    74 79 2e 6e 65 74 0d 0a    [email protected].. 53 75 62 6a 65 63 74 3a    20 31 32 33 34 35 36 37    Subject: 1234567 20 31 30 31 32 33 34 35    36 37 20 32 30 31 32 33     101234567 20123 34 35 36 37 20 33 30 31    32 33 34 35 36 37 20 34    4567 301234567 4 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37    20 35 30 31 32 33 34 35    01234567 5012345 36 37 0d 0a 20 36 30 31    32 33 34 35 36 37 20 37    67.. 601234567 7 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37    20 38 30 31 32 33 34 35    01234567 8012345 36 37 20 39 30 31 32 33    34 35 36 37 38 39 0d 0a    67 90123456789.. 55 73 65 72 2d 41 67 65    6e 74 3a 20 48 65 69 72    User-Agent: Heir 6c 6f 6f 6d 20 6d 61 69    6c 78 20 31 32 2e 34 20    loom mailx 12.4 37 2f 32 39 2f 30 38 0d    0a 4d 49 4d 45 2d 56 65    7/29/08..MIME-Ve 72 73 69 6f 6e 3a 20 31    2e 30 0d 0a 43 6f 6e 74    rsion: 1.0..Cont 65 6e 74 2d 54 79 70 65    3a 20 74 65 78 74 2f 70    ent-Type: text/p 6c 61 69 6e 3b 20 63 68    61 72 73 65 74 3d 75 73    lain; charset=us About half way down (marked in bold+italic), between the 501234567 and the 601234567 in the original Subject: header, you can see a CRLF being inserted (0x0d 0x0a, on the left-hand side hex dump, .. on the right-hand side plain text). The receiving MTA seems happy to post-process this, and when I look at the on-disc stored mail at the receiving end, I see only a LF (0x0a) in the Subject: line, and the line is parsed correctly and in its entirety by, eg, alpine. Nevertheless, the CRLF is there on the wire, and between me and the (excellent) email-to-SMS support people, we've established that these are the cause of the problem. So my question is: is it lawful for an MTA to insert a gratuitous CRLF on the wire? If it is, and I can prove it, then it's the email-to-SMS house's problem, because they are being intolerant. If it isn't, or it is but I can't prove it, then it becomes my problem, so an answer with references would be most useful. Edit: I can now come clean that the email-to-SMS service in question is kapow. Once this problem was explained to them, they got it, worked with me to develop and test a fix, and have deployed the fix. My long subject lines with colons in now get relayed correctly into SMSes. I don't normally trumpet individual companies, especially not on SF, but I thought it worthy of note that kapow Did The Right Thing. (Disclaimer: I have no connection with kapow except as a paying customer who's happy about the way they dealt with his problem.)

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• Linux policy routing - packets not coming back

  - by Bugsik

  i am trying to set up policy routing on my home server. My network looks like this: Host routed VPN gateway Internet link through VPN 192.168.0.35/24 ---> 192.168.0.5/24 ---> 192.168.0.1 DSL router 10.200.2.235/22 .... .... 10.200.0.1 VPN server The traffic from 192.168.0.32/27 should be and is routed through VPN. I wanted to define some routing policies to route some traffic from 192.168.0.5 through VPN as well - for start - from user with uid 2000. Policy routing is done using iptables mark target and ip rule fwmark. The problem: When connecting using user 2000 from 192.168.0.5 tcpdump shows outgoing packets, but nothing comes back. Traffic from 192.168.0.35 works fine (here I am not using fwmark but src policy). Here is my VPN gateway setup: # uname -a Linux placebo 3.2.0-34-generic #53-Ubuntu SMP Thu Nov 15 10:49:02 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux # iptables -V iptables v1.4.12 # ip -V ip utility, iproute2-ss111117 IPtables rules (all policies in table filter are ACCEPT) # iptables -t mangle -nvL Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 770K packets, 314M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 767K packets, 312M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 5520 packets, 1920K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 782K packets, 901M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 74 4707 MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner UID match 2000 MARK set 0x3 Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 788K packets, 903M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination # iptables -t nat -nvL Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 996 packets, 51172 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 7 packets, 432 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1364 packets, 112K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 2302 packets, 160K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 119 7588 MASQUERADE all -- * vpn 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Routing: # ip addr show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,PROMISC,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master lan state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:40:63:f9:c3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: lan: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP link/ether 00:40:63:f9:c3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.5/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global lan inet6 fe80::240:63ff:fef9:c38f/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: vpn: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 100 link/none inet 10.200.2.235/22 brd 10.200.3.255 scope global vpn # ip rule show 0: from all lookup local 32764: from all fwmark 0x3 lookup VPN 32765: from 192.168.0.32/27 lookup VPN 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default # ip route show table VPN default via 10.200.0.1 dev vpn 10.200.0.0/22 dev vpn proto kernel scope link src 10.200.2.235 192.168.0.0/24 dev lan proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.5 # ip route show default via 192.168.0.1 dev lan metric 100 10.200.0.0/22 dev vpn proto kernel scope link src 10.200.2.235 192.168.0.0/24 dev lan proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.5 TCP dump showing no traffic coming back when connection is made from 192.168.0.5 user 2000 # tcpdump -i vpn tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on vpn, link-type RAW (Raw IP), capture size 65535 bytes ### Traffic from user 2000 on 192.168.0.5 ### 10:19:05.629985 IP 10.200.2.235.37291 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [S], seq 2868799562, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 6887764 ecr 0,nop,wscale 4], length 0 10:19:21.678001 IP 10.200.2.235.37291 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [S], seq 2868799562, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 6891776 ecr 0,nop,wscale 4], length 0 ### Traffic from 192.168.0.35 ### 10:23:12.066174 IP 10.200.2.235.49247 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [S], seq 2294159276, win 65535, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 4,nop,nop,TS val 557451322 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 10:23:12.265640 IP 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http > 10.200.2.235.49247: Flags [S.], seq 2521908813, ack 2294159277, win 14480, options [mss 1367,sackOK,TS val 388565772 ecr 557451322,nop,wscale 1], length 0 10:23:12.276573 IP 10.200.2.235.49247 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [.], ack 1, win 8214, options [nop,nop,TS val 557451534 ecr 388565772], length 0 10:23:12.293030 IP 10.200.2.235.49247 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [P.], seq 1:480, ack 1, win 8214, options [nop,nop,TS val 557451552 ecr 388565772], length 479 10:23:12.574773 IP 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http > 10.200.2.235.49247: Flags [.], ack 480, win 7776, options [nop,nop,TS val 388566081 ecr 557451552], length 0

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• XFS and loss of data when power goes down

  - by culebrón

  Each time electricity goes down, my desktop (without UPS) loses some temporary information. Opera can lose settings, history, cache, or mail accounts (Thanks heavens I was wise to use IMAP). Partially or all together. a whole file (complete and save) in Geany appeared empty (and I didn't commit it to Git) rhythmbox lost all podcasts subscription data I'm afraid there are other losses I just didn't see. What's the reason? A memory files cache, a mem-disk? Or non-atomic file writes in xfs? I have Ubuntu 9.10 and XFS on both / and /home partitions. Is ext4 safer in such circumstances? I've seen ext3 is faster. Is it as safe as *4? Given that the apartment I rent is connected to a common bus and 1 safety switch for several apartments, and the neighbors - alone or together - overload it at least once every week, the lights go down often enough for this to be an issue.

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• How to use HTML markup tags inside Bash script

  - by CONtext

  I have crontab and a simple bash script that sends me emails every often containing PHP, NGINX, MYSQL errors from their log files. This is a simplified example. #/home/user/status.sh [email protected] PHP_ERROR=`tail -5 /var/log/php-fpm/error.log` NGINX_ERROR=`tail -5 /var/log/nginx/error.log` MYSQL_ERROR=`tail /var/log/mysqld.log` DISK_SPACE=`df -h` echo " Today's, server report:: ================================== DISK_SPACE: $DISK_SPACE --------------------------------- MEMORY_USAGE: $MEMORY_USAGE ----------------------------------- NGINX ERROR: $NGINX_ERROR ----------------------------------- PHP ERRORS: $PHP_ERROR ------------------------------------ MYSQL_ERRORS: $MYSQL_ERROR ------------------------------------- " | mail -s "Server reports" $EMAIL I know this is a very basic usage, but as you can see, I am trying to separate the errors, but not of the html tags including \n are working. So, my question is, is it possible to use HTML tags to format the text, if not .. then what are the alternatives.

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