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  • mdadm+zfs vs mdadm+lvm

    - by Alex
    This may be a naive question since I'm new to this and I cannot find any results about mdadm+zfs, but after some testing it seems it might work: The use case is a server with RAID6 for some data that is backed-up somewhat infrequently. I think I'm well served by any of ZFS or RAID6. Platform is Linux. Performance is secondary. So the two setups I am considering are: A RAID6 array plus regular LVM and ext4 A RAID6 array plus ZFS (without redundancy). Is this second option that I don't see discussed at all. Why ZFS+RAID6? It's mainly because the inability of ZFS to grow a raidz2 with new disks. You can replace disks with larger ones, I know, but not add another disk. You can accomplish 2-disk redundancy and ZFS disk growth using mdadm as the redundancy layer. Besides that main point (otherwise I could go directly to raidz2 without RAID under it), these are the pros-cons that I see for each option: ZFS has snapshots without preallocated space. LVM requires preallocation (might be no longer true). ZFS has checksumming (very interested in this) and compression (nice bonus). LVM has online filesystem growth (ZFS can do it offline with export/mdadm --grow/import). LVM has encryption (ZFS-on-Linux has not). This is the only major con of this combo I see. I guess I could go RAID6+LVM+ZFS... seems too heavy, or not? So, to close with a proper question: 1) Is there anything that inherently discourages or precludes RAID6+ZFS? Anyone has experience with a setup like this? 2) Are there possibilities for checksumming and compression that would make ZFS unnecessary (maintaining the possibility of filesystem growth)? Because the RAID6+LVM combo seems the sanctioned, tested way.

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  • How to configure Hyper-V failover cluster to live migrate when dynamic memory runs out?

    - by Matt Johnson
    Appologies in advance that this is not a direct programming question, but I have a feeling that the solution involves custom powershell scripts (maybe), so this is as good a place to ask as any. I maintain a website that has a large Hyper-V cluster for SQL Servers. We are using Windows 2008 R2 SP1, and the new "dynamic memory" feature. I've already ready reviewed the Best Practices Guide, and implemented it's suggested configuration. Everything works well, except that when SQL demand increases memory pressure to expand to more memory than is available on the physical machine, the memory status goes into the "Warning" state and stays there. I assume the hypervisor is using a swapfile on the host to fulfill the memory requirement, thus slowing the virtual machine down. When this happens, there are plenty of other nodes in the cluster that have available resources. I can live-migrate the virtual server over there and everything works, and the warnings go away. Now how can I automate this? I see no menu options in either Hyper-V or the Failover Cluster Manager for performing a migration or shutdown when dynamic memory goes into the warning state. Any ideas about how to script this, or monitor it and invoke the action directly, would be helpful. If the solution involves coding, powershell would be ideal, but I could envison this as a .Net Service that monitors for this state and kicks off the migration request. I just don't know what objects are involved in doing the monitoring or kicking off the live migration. Thanks in advance.

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  • Can I monitor a service's memory/cpu usage on OpenSolaris?

    - by Phillip Oldham
    What would be the best way to monitor a service's memory/load on the OpenSolaris platform so that one can send alerts and automate service management (restarts, etc) based on "rules"? On the linux platform I use Monit, but since OpenSolaris has SMF I thought there may be a complimentary service "built-in" if SMF doesn't have those features and I'd prefer to use a standard OpenSolaris app if there is one.

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  • Why do AWS spot-instance prices spike above the "on demand" pricing?

    - by Laykes
    Amazon Pricing on Spot Instance Inconsistencies This is something which will be best explained through screenshots of a historical chart of instance pricings. If you look at a lot of the instance prices for spot instances, you will notice regular patterns of spikes. See here: As you can see, the price for this compute medium instance, regularly spikes above the on demand price. A c1.medium instance (on demand), would only cost $0.186 per hour. But for a period of a few weeks, in zone B, the price would regularly spike to $1.20. This is some 6 times the actual on demand price. It's also not isolated. If you look at zone-b again for small instances, there is a similar, spike frequently. Which goes 4x the on demand pricing. Does anyone know why this happens? Here are a few suggestions Someone entered $1.2 instead of $0.12 (I would discount this since it happened 20 times over the space of 3 weeks). Amazon regularly artifically inflate their prices by bidding on their own instances to get the most bang for their buck. (I would discount this since it would be ridiculous and bad business) Some company launched 1000 servers at once, and wants to make sure that they all launch. (I would discount this since they would presumably launch them at a price which would be below the minimum on demand price. Why would you pay above on demand for a single server?). It's a bug in their reporting?

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  • Amazon AWS EC2 + Puppet, get Puppet to know AWS instance tags

    - by Piotr Jasiulewicz
    I am having a problem with my AWS deployment, fairly new to AWS and Puppet. So coming to my question - can you distinguish puppet nodes with AWS machine tags or CNAME domains? A little background about the plan: have multiple clusters of machines, one php cluster, one legacy php cluster, one java cluster, one perl cluster control configuration with puppet - still pretty new to puppet but as a developer I like the idea of being able to version control configuration of servers have autoscaling enabled on those clusters - obviously the main benefit of the cloud that makes the much hight cost when it comes to any reasonable performance worth it (those amazon machines are slower than my phone...) deployment controlled by Capistrano, this makes things a lot easier So in AWS you get those super nasty public/private machine dns's... no way you can identify machines on those. In order to easer the problem, seams like AWS want's you to tag everything - so I did. Found a script that makes a CNAME record for each machine with the tag "ShortName" thanks to the Route53 API. Every machine has a ShortName tag that becomes its CNAME, unfortunately puppet still resolves the private dns name. I'd like to have node 'perl-cluster'{} in puppet, anyone any clue ho to achieve this? Thanks

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  • Installing an EC2 (EBS based) instance on another AWS account

    - by imaginative
    We're moving from one AWS account to another. I have a couple of EC2 instances I would like to move over. These instances are EBS based. Googling around, I'm seeing all sorts of convoluted answers for how to appropriately launch this EBS based instance on a new account. Surely there has to be a simple way of going about this. As of right now, what I have done so far is backup the EB2 Volume as a snapshot. I then altered the permissions of the snapshot to allow the new AWS account number to be able to access it. I am not sure where to go from here. Do I have to create an image from the EBS snapshot? Upload it to S3? What's the next step(s)?

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  • TicTac Photo and Windows 7

    - by Ben
    Hello, My wife has been creating a tictac photo album. I had to upgrade to windows 7 as i had enough of Vista so i backed up the tic tac photo file and the photos to an external hard disk and performed a fresh install of win7. Now here is the problem. TicTacPhoto says it can find the photos in the album. The locations were as follows: Vista: C:\Users\Kelly\Pictures Win 7 C:\Users\Kelly\My Pictures When i try to create a Pictures folder under Kelly it popups a message about merging the two folders and simply moves the pictures to the My Pictures folder. Does anyone know a way to make a foler called pictures so i can eliminate the file path problem and then try again with tic tac photo support to get them to fix my file. My wife is going to kill me as its our wedding album and she has spent upwards of 30hrs designing it and me upgrading to win 7 means its all my fault. She does not understand file paths etc. Im going to try and open the album file in a text editor and see if i can see anything but thought i would ask here as well. Any help appreciated.

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  • The User Profile Service

    - by Daryl Gill
    I tried logging into my computer after an "ungraceful" shutdown due to a power cut.. I got prompted with a message stating the user profile service failed the login. After reading a k/b on Microsoft I managed to re-login to the "corrupt" account by making registery edits.. But the next step (After having the ability to logon) is a major concern for me.. Would the guys at superuser suggest: 1) Carry on using said account 2) Re-install Windows to eliminate the possible chance of a reoccouring problem 3) Migrate all user data over to a new account and with that being said above. I had to issue the command line: net user administrator /active:yes to activate the hidden adminstrator account, would it be recommended/secure to disable the account or leave it active?

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  • Inexpensive, simple screen recording application for mac

    - by donut
    I am more and more consistently running into the need to create screencasts (record my screen) for clients to show them how to use programs or websites. Up until now I've been using Jing and it's been wonderful. But I would like something that can give me something less annoying than a .swf. A .mov or, best of all, something that plays without fuss on Mac and Windows. Also, the 5-minute limit is annoying, but not show stopping. Basically, I'd like to be able to actually give them the file on a CD or something instead of relying on whatever host I use staying up for eternity. To sum up, here's what I require: Record a portion or all of the screen. Records audio from mic while recording screen. Exports files easily playable on Mac and Windows (requiring Quicktime is okay, but not ideal) Will work on Mac OS 10.5+ Allows recording videos of at least 5 minutes. Text in recorded videos is easily readable when exported. Bonuses points for: Records videos greater than 5 minutes Exported videos will work in Windows Media player without any fuss. I haven't upgraded to Snow Leopard yet but I know it has some screen recording stuff built in but I don't know if it would be sufficient or not. The reason I say, "simple" is because most of the applications I've seen do much more than I need (I mean, Jing is nearly perfect for my needs) and cost more than I would like to spend.

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  • Unable to connect to EC2 instance after "reboot"

    - by KPL
    I am not able to connect to my m1.small instance after rebooting it. I have already associated the public IP with this instance. Upon checking the system log, this seems to be the issue: cloud-init-nonethttp://11.84: waiting 10 seconds for network device cloud-init-nonethttp://21.85: waiting 120 seconds for network device cloud-init-nonethttp://141.85: gave up waiting for a network device. Cloud-init v. 0.7.3 running 'init' at Sun, 18 May 2014 07:02:55 +0000. Up 142.54 seconds. ci-info: +++++++++++++++++++++++Net device info++++++++++++++++++++++++ ci-info: +--------+-------+-----------+-----------+-------------------+ ci-info: | Device | Up | Address | Mask | Hw-Address | ci-info: +--------+-------+-----------+-----------+-------------------+ ci-info: | lo | True | 127.0.0.1 | 255.0.0.0 | . | ci-info: | eth0 | False | . | . | 02:43:xx:xx:xx:xx | ci-info: +--------+-------+-----------+-----------+-------------------+ ci-info: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Route info failed!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! A bunch of these follow the above message: 2014-05-18 07:02:56,178 - url_helper.pyWARNING: Calling http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/instance-id failed 0/120s: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='169.254.169.254', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /2009-04-04/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by : Errno 101] Network is unreachable) This is obviously related to the network interface not being working correctly. I have tried this so far: Relaunch a new instance from the custom AMI (created from EBS) of the failing instance. The same error shows up in the logs. Attach a new network interface to the EC2 instance. The error still persists. eth1 shows up in the list but the "up" column is False.

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  • "Must Have" Text/Terminal applications?

    - by timepilot
    I spend most of my time in Linux using tiled window managers such as Awesome or DWM. As a result, prefer to use text/terminal applications. Some of my favorites are: Vim, mc, Htop, MOC, GNU Screen, WeeChat, rTorrent, ELinks and Lynx. What are your must-install text/terminal applications?

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  • Static NAT in AWS's Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

    - by user1050797
    Currently in a VPC with a public and a private subnet, all internet bound traffic from the private subnet could be routed via an NAT instance. The NAT instance will port address translate the packet's source IP to use the NAT instance's elastic IP, so the public server can reply to this public address. This is a PAT mechanism. My question is there a way for me to do a static NAT on my NAT instance -- Using the same NAT instance to static NAT an unassociated but reserved elastic IP to a private subnet host. This NAT instance will behave like a physical firewall doing static nat'ing for a bunch of private ip's.

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  • How to automate an Amazon EC2 instance startup, execution of some commands and shutdown?

    - by Howiecamp
    I need to download 100 GB of files (it’s in about 150 files) within a 7 day period before they expire. The download is rate-limited by the host so it takes MUCH longer than the theoretical transfer rate based on normal Internet speeds. I have a script of curl http://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html commands - one line per file. I had the idea of automatically spinning up n EC2 instances, executing the command and FTPing the files to a central location, then shutting down the machines. How would I do this? I don't care whether it's Linux or Windows.

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  • Company Password Management

    - by Brian Wigginton
    The topic of personal password management has been covered in great detail time after time. This question is aimed at the business or organization that needs to keep track of many unique passwords for many clients. What are some strategies/tools or ideas you all have for accomplishing this task? I was at an Interactive Agency, where we needed to keep track of client DB, ftp, mail... and for different environments for the app so any one client would have up to 3-10 passwords usually. This can get crazy when there are more than 250 clients

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  • SSH broken after hostname change on EC2-hosted Ubuntu

    - by dimadima
    I changed my instance's hostname using the hostname utility and then set it in /etc/hostname so that the new name survives reboot. My main motivation was for differentiating between instances at the prompt using the \h format in PS1. EDIT I also changed permissions on my home directory. I made my home directory group writeable. END EDIT Now I can no longer SSH into the machine. The short of it is the error Permission denied (publickey). Running ssh -v, the more verbose output is: debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /Users/dmitry/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/dmitry/.ssh/ec2key.pem debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). Should I have done something after changing the hostname? Now I can't get into the instance! :(

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  • I dont qualify for Junk Mail Reportig Program. Alternatives?

    - by Marius
    Hello there! :) I am on shared hosting and therefore does not qualify for MSN Junk Mail Reporting Progra. I am concerned about people who doesnt want my email clicking "report as junk"-button in hotmail, and understand that JMRP send me a message each times somebody clicks the button on one of my emails. I was wondering if there are any other methods I can use to get these messages to prevent mailing the same person again. Thank you for your time. Kind regards, Marius

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  • AWS VPN Tunnel going down without traffic

    - by Asfura
    I managed to setup a site-to-site VPN connection from Amazon VPC to a company's network, and after a lot of configuration it was working fine, but now i realized that the VPN tunnel is DOWN every time there's no traffic going trough for a couple minutes. The only way that i have found to generate traffic is to reach the amazon instance from the company's network and then the tunnel goes up again. I had a cronjob doing ping every minute, but i think it should have a keepalive option somewhere, or at least a log file of the tunnels to find out what's going on. Any ideas to keep the tunnel up and/or bring it up from amazon? The firewall is a Checkpoint R75.20, it only allows one tunnel at a time for the same subnet, so i cant have both tunnels active. Thank you, any questions just ask. EDIT I forgot to add, the ping keepalive was working great (maybe generating a bit of traffic, but nothing to worry about), the connection dropped because i had to restart the instance, and it that little time it dropped me.

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  • Managing Many External Hosts Using EC2 and Route 53

    - by futureal
    Looking for a "best practice" answer to managing externally-addressable hosts using the combination of Amazon EC2 and Amazon Route 53, without using Elastic IPs for each host. In my scenario I will have 30+ hosts that need to be accessible from outside EC2, so directly using internal DNS will not work. In the past, I have addressed hosts by assigning an elastic IP to that host (let's say, 55.55.55.55) and then creating an associated A record. For example, let's say I want to create "ec2-corp01.mydomain.com" I might do: ec2-corp01.mydomain.com. A 55.55.55.55 300 Then on that EC2 instance, I would assign the Elastic IP of 55.55.55.55, and everything works fine. Of course, to make this work, I need to have one Elastic IP per instance, which is something I'd like to avoid if possible; I'd like the infrastructure to be more dynamic. So my thought is to try something like: Create a script that queries the internal EC2 tools to determine an instance's private hostname On instance boot, call that script to determine its hostname, and then using the command-line Route 53 interface to find and update that hostname to its current internal hostname Since the host will have a relatively low TTL (let's say 300 as above, or 5 minutes) it should take effect pretty quickly Is this a good idea? Is there a better or more widely accepted way to handle it? If it IS a good idea, what type of record should I be creating? A CNAME that points to the internal host, like ec2-55-55-55-55.compute-1.amazonaws.com? Is an A record better or worse? Thanks!

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  • VRF Internet Gateway Multiple External IP's 1 Internal IP to AWS

    - by user223903
    Trying to setup VRF for the first time and its not working for me even though I keep reading everything online. IP's are different to real life. I have an Internet connection which I can ping to my router in the current setup below 195.45.73.22 I have a block of ip addresses 195.45.121.0/27 I want to setup multiple VPN's to AWS so need to have multiple external ip's thus the block of IP addresses. I have setup the 2nd and 3rd IP address but can not ping them from external. Any help would be grateful. Bryan ip source-route ! ip vrf Internet rd 1:1 route-target export 1:1 route-target import 1:1 ip vrf AWSSydney1 rd 2:2 route-target export 2:2 route-target import 2:2 route-target import 1:1 ip vrf AWSSydney2 rd 3:3 route-target export 3:3 route-target import 3:3 route-target import 1:1 ip cef no ip domain lookup no ipv6 cef multilink bundle-name authenticated interface FastEthernet0/0 description Vocus Internet no ip address speed 100 full-duplex interface FastEthernet0/0.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native ip address 195.45.73.22 255.255.255.252 interface FastEthernet0/0.2 encapsulation dot1Q 2 ip vrf forwarding AWSSydney1 ip address 195.45.121.1 255.255.255.224 interface FastEthernet0/0.3 encapsulation dot1Q 3 ip vrf forwarding AWSSydney2 ip address 195.45.121.2 255.255.255.224 interface FastEthernet0/1 description LAN_SIDE ip address 10.0.0.5 255.255.255.0 speed 100 full-duplex no mop enabled ip forward-protocol nd ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 195.45.73.21 ip route vrf Internet 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 195.45.73.21

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  • Why do I get xfs_freeze "Operation not supported" error with ec2-consistent-snapshot? Debian Squeeze w/ext4 filesystem

    - by Michael Endsley
    I'm running the following command: [root@somehost ~]# ec2-consistent-snapshot --aws-credentials-file '/some/dir/file' --mysql --mysql-socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysql.sock' --mysql-username 'backup' --mysql-password 'password' --freeze-filesystem '/dev/xvda1' vol-xxxxxx It returns this error: xfs_freeze: cannot freeze filesystem at /dev/xvda1: Operation not supported ec2-consistent-snapshot: ERROR: xfs_freeze -f /dev/xvda1: failed(256) snap-eeb66393 xfs_freeze: cannot unfreeze filesystem mounted at /dev/xvda1: Invalid argument ec2-consistent-snapshot: ERROR: xfs_freeze -u /dev/xvda1: failed(256) This is being run on Debian Squeeze with the ext4 Linux filesystem. Can anyone explain this error to me, or what might be its cause? When googling, I found information about it needing to be executed with sudo, but I'm performing the entire operation as root. I also found some posts about trying to run it after a CentOS upgrade using yum, but the situation appeared dissimilar. It's difficult to find things referring to this situation exactly. xfs_freeze is available for use on the filesystem. Is it possible that the filesystem, despite being ext4, somehow doesn't support freezing? Sorry if I've missed some bit of StackExchange etiquette with this post -- it's my first venture here!

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  • Fail rate of EBS snapshots and AMIs?

    - by user784637
    According to Amazon the fail rate of EBS volumes is: As an example, volumes that operate with 20 GB or less of modified data since their most recent Amazon EBS snapshot can expect an annual failure rate (AFR) of between 0.1% – 0.5%, where failure refers to a complete loss of the volume http://aws.amazon.com/ebs/ However, I was curious to know the fail rate of EBS snapshots and private AMIs that a system admin would take. Since the EBS snapshots and AMIs are stored in Amazon s3, is it safe to assume that the likelihood you cannot rollback to a previous snapshot or AMI the same likelihood that a file gets lost in s3? Amazon S3’s standard storage is: ... Designed to provide 99.999999999% durability and 99.99% availability of objects over a given year. http://aws.amazon.com/s3/

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  • Importing XML into an AWS RDS instance

    - by RoyHB
    I'm trying to load some xml into an AWS RDS (mySql) instance. The xml looks like: (it's an xml dump of the ISO-3661 codes) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <countries> <countries name="Afghanistan" alpha-2="AF" alpha-3="AFG" country-code="004" iso_3166-2="ISO 3166-2:AF" region-code="142" sub-region-code="034"/> <countries name="Åland Islands" alpha-2="AX" alpha-3="ALA" country-code="248" iso_3166-2="ISO 3166-2:AX" region-code="150" sub-region-code="154"/> <countries name="Albania" alpha-2="AL" alpha-3="ALB" country-code="008" iso_3166-2="ISO 3166-2:AL" region-code="150" sub-region-code="039"/> <countries name="Algeria" alpha-2="DZ" alpha-3="DZA" country-code="012" iso_3166-2="ISO 3166-2:DZ" region-code="002" sub-region-code="015"/> The command that I'm running is: LOAD XML LOCAL INFILE '/var/www/ISO-3166_SMS_Country_Codes.xml' INTO TABLE `ISO-3661-codes`(`name`,`alpha-2`,`alpha-3`,`country-code`,`region-code`,`sub-region-code`); The error message I get is: ERROR 1148 (42000): The used command is not allowed with this MySQL version The infile that is referenced exists, I've selected a database before running the command and I have appropriate privileges on the database. The column names in the database table exactly match the xml field names.

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  • How do I totally get rid of Norton Utilities

    - by Patriot
    Alright, so I treated myself to a new computer for Christmas. Windows7 64-bit, yada yada yada. Uninstalled Norton Security using Windows7 uninstall program, installed Microsoft Security Essentials in it's place. From a cold boot, I still get the screen from Norton asking me if I wanna sign up for the free six months, which I don't. Guess Windows7 uninstall left behind some pieces. Anyone know how I can get rid of this Norton screen? EDIT: @ Revolter: Great. Used Norton Removal Tool Successfully. Now I get a different pop-up window ALWAYS reminding me if I want to activate Norton Online Backup. What does one have to do to FINALLY get rid of these people?

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