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USB-to-Serial showing gibberish at 115200 Baud

- by Mose

I've got a serious problem which drives me crazy because I tried everything I could think of. First of all, I made a video: http://youtu.be/boghkuq7L_s but please read the following text for more information, not only view the video! When using a USB-to-Serial interface everything works as long as I don't go beyond 57600 Baud. At higher rates I only get giberish like this: év.b0JNLYÆÿ¿iëd0U²(kßÞb! ú]/xscB!ï¯!BoXûÿ1ïâÖCÿ6ÌAnè*íÌC)º¿BíÞØ.C.@ÆÃwHJÂs "YE:ñ.èFÃ°ÌCÊ÷ÞÄ !x H w6@BtbHJ Ìª Ì6ì H¾a¿bH.">îvy®;f<ßBÌ pL¨fæHE þ¼MBÞI What makes the problem so strange is, I exchanged every component and the problem still presists. I tried differtent OSes (Ubuntu, WinXP, Win7, OSX 10.7) with 32 and 64 Bit. I tried USB-to-Serial interface from FTDI and Prolific. I tried reading the output from my Raspberry PI and from an Asterisk Appliance. I changed the cables and the wiring. Nothing helped. In the video I made a example with a old Notebook with native COM and put the USB-to-Serial to the same connection as "sniffer" (only Rx and GND connected) to make sure the output and everything is ok as one can see on the native port. The voltage is ok. Settings for both are 115200 Baud, 8 Bit with 1 Stop and no flow control. Native is ok. USB is messed up. I used the newest drivers and double checked all connections. I have no idea what is wrong here. As I couldn't find anyone describing problems like this I question my long experiance in computer science and think I'm doing some completly wrong... Please help :-/

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One Windows Domain workstation can ping gateway but gets no internet access

- by dindeman

One of the (Windows XP SP3) workstations of our Windows Domain could not access internet anymore, this problem suddenly happened overnight. The domain controllers (there are three of them) are all running Windows Server 2008. First I compared the output of ipconfig /all on the faulty workstation with the output of a working workstation and it was just fine as it had always been. In particular the default gateway was correct and always remained pingable from the faulty workstation. I guessed that something was wrong with the DHCP service and I restarted the DHCP server service on all of our three DCs as well as the DHCP client service on the faulty workstation. This didn't solve the issue. I then thought of renewing the DHCP lease with ipconfig /release and ipconfig /renew and here is my first question: why did this never work? The same IP address (192.168.0.45) kept being assigned despite all my attempts to renew it (note that all our workstation are getting their TCP/IP automatically.) Even by leaving the domain and changing the computer name the same address was yet again obtained... Anyway I then proceeded to switch the TCP/IP configuration for that machine manually to another free valid IP address (192.168.0.41)... and then the internet access came back! I then cleared any traces of the previous IP in the DHCP leases list and in the DNS tables of our DCs and, after setting back the TCP/IP configuration to 'automatic', finally, the new lease would be granted (192.168.0.41) alongside with the internet access. My second question: what went suddenly wrong with the original IP address?

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RAID degraded on Ubuntu server

- by reano

We're having a very weird issue at work. Our Ubuntu server has 6 drives, set up with RAID1 as follows: /dev/md0, consisting of: /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/md1, consisting of: /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 /dev/md2, consisting of: /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb3 /dev/md3, consisting of: /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/md4, consisting of: /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1 As you can see, md0, md1 and md2 all use the same 2 drives (split into 3 partitions). I also have to note that this is done via ubuntu software raid, not hardware raid. Today, the /md0 RAID1 array shows as degraded - it is missing the /dev/sdb1 drive. But since /dev/sdb1 is only a partition (and /dev/sdb2 and /dev/sdb3 are working fine), it's obviously not the drive that's gone AWOL, it seems the partition itself is missing. How is that even possible? And what could we do to fix it? My output of cat /proc/mdstat: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1] 24006528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 1441268544 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] 1464710976 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] md3 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0] 2930133824 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md4 : active raid1 sdf2[1] sde2[0] 2929939264 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> FYI: I tried the following: mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdb1 But got this error: mdadm: add new device failed for /dev/sdb1 as 2: Invalid argument Output of mdadm --detail /dev/md0 is: /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sat Dec 29 17:09:45 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 1464710976 (1396.86 GiB 1499.86 GB) Used Dev Size : 1464710976 (1396.86 GiB 1499.86 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Nov 7 15:55:07 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Name : lia:0 (local to host lia) UUID : eb302d19:ff70c7bf:401d63af:ed042d59 Events : 26216 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 0 0 1 removed

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allow spoofing when using tun

- by Johnny

I have a working openvpn setup with a server and a number of clients. How would i go around allowing IP spoofing through the openvpn server? (to demonstrate security concepts)? A normal ping from client to server goes through all right: root@client: hping3 10.8.0.1 HPING 10.8.0.1 (tun0 10.8.0.1): NO FLAGS are set, 40 headers + 0 data bytes len=40 ip=10.8.0.1 ttl=64 DF id=0 sport=0 flags=RA seq=0 win=0 rtt=124.7 ms root@server:/etc/openvpn# tcpdump -n -i tun0 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on tun0, link-type RAW (Raw IP), capture size 65535 bytes 10:17:51.734167 IP 10.8.0.6.2146 > 10.8.0.1.0: Flags [], win 512, length 0 But when spoofing a packet, it does not arrive at the openvpn server: root@client: hping3 -a 10.0.8.120 10.8.0.1 HPING 10.8.0.1 (tun0 10.8.0.1): NO FLAGS are set, 40 headers + 0 data bytes root@server:/etc/openvpn# tcpdump -n -i tun0 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on tun0, link-type RAW (Raw IP), capture size 65535 bytes My current config files server.conf local X.Y.Z.P port 80 proto tcp dev tun ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key # This file should be kept secret dh dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun persist-local-ip status openvpn-status.log verb 3 client.conf client dev tun proto tcp remote MYHOST..amazonaws.com 80 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert client.crt key client.key ns-cert-type server comp-lzo verb 3

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Monitor attached to motherboard is out of frequency

- by Neilvert Noval

I don't know if this is appropriate to ask it here in superuser. Please, just route this to appropriate stackexchange site if found unrelevant. Here's my scenario. I have bought a new motherboard (MSI 785GT-E63). I already have an old CRT monitor connected to it. After I install a linux OS to it, my monitor will display that it is: Out of frequency. Current frequency is 89Hz. The operating output of my monitor is (around) 60-70Hz. I would like to get this thing work. How can I let my CRT display properly? I was thinking of lowering down video frequency output of my motherboard, but I can't find any settings on my BIOS setup. Additional info: My monitor is attached directly to the built-in video adaptor of my motherboard. (No additional video cards) Install of OS is complete without errors. Please help.

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Backtrack, Wi-Fi not working

- by hradecek

I've installed Backtrack 5R3 KDE, and I realized that my wireless is not working, but wired is working fine. Here's the lshw output: *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 05 serial: 04:7d:7b:b7:46:f8 size: 100MB/s capacity: 100MB/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl_nic/rtl8105e-1.fw ip=192.168.2.2 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100MB/s resources: irq:42 ioport:2000(size=256) memory:f0404000-f0404fff memory:f0400000-f0403fff lspci output: 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) 00:14.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller (rev 05)

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Find which files an apache process is writing to?

- by Haluk

We have this apache process which becomes io-bound time to time. Using atop, we can see it is a write operation. Using lsof -p <PID> we can see a list of files open by the httpd process. First we thought "log" files must be the problem. So we turned them off just to test. However write operations still continues. We will continue testing a few other things. For instance we use php session variables a lot. Maybe php session files are getting all the writing. But is there a way to quickly identify files which get written to by the httpd process? This way we can focus our efforts on those files. UPDATE: We used the strace command as suggested. Here are two lines from the output. write(23, "\27\0\0\0\3SET CHARACTER SET utf8", 27) = 27 write(23, "\17\0\0\0\3SET NAMES utf8", 19) = 19 We do not have a mysql process on this server. So is strace also showing what is being written to an ethernet port? UPDATE2: During high io load, the process which consumes most of the write resources gives the following output to strace -e trace=write -p <PID>: --- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) --- write(9, "!", 1) = 1 write(19, "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0\r\nUser-Agent: Apache (internal dummy connection)\r\n\r\n", 70) = 70 However I cannot figure out where these are being written to.

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Grayed-Out Sleep and Hibernate Options on Windows 7 After Updating Graphics Driver

- by Maxim Z.

I have a Gateway M275 Tablet PC, on which I've installed Windows 7 Ultimate. The laptop is quite old, so there aren't any Win7 drivers for it, not to mention any Vista drivers. Win7 has been working for some time, but I noticed that my video output wasn't working. I went into Device Manager and found that I didn't have a driver for my video card: it just recognized it as the standard one. I searched online and found an XP driver for it, released by Gateway. Device Manager accepted this driver and prompted me to reboot. After that, I noticed that my Sleep and Hibernate options in the Shut Down menu have been grayed-out. I looked online and found that many people are attributing this to display drivers, as such an old driver would surely not be compatible with the standby procedures Windows 7 uses. To make it clear: I was able to Sleep and Hibernate before updating the drivers; now, I can't. Running powercfg /a gives me, "An internal system component has disabled this standby state," for each available standby mode. Is there some way that the driver can be modified to support hibernation? The new driver fixed my video output problem, but I guess hibernation is more important for me. If not, what steps should I take to remove the driver and just leave the standard Windows one, which previously supported hibernation and sleep on this computer? Thanks in advance.

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Problems reviving old pc including graphics card issue.

- by Mick

I have a PC that seemed to have died years ago that I am trying to revive. It has a dual core athlon processor and a gigabyte motherboard. It had two dual output graphics cards, and I have long since forgotten which output would print out the diagnostic information as the PC starts up. Also I suspect that the resolution set on all the monitors was probably higher than my current single monitor is capable of displaying. The motherboard also has a built in graphics card, so I thought it may be simplest to remove both the graphics cards and plug my monitor into the onboard graphics just while I get things going. Does that seem sensible? Now the other problem: The PC has two hard drives. I have no idea which one is the primary one it is attempting to boot from. When I power up, the fan comes on and I hear some chuga-chuga-pause chuga-chuga-pause repeat indefinitely. I'm not sure which device is making the noise. There are no-beeps at any time. I see nothing on the screen at any time, not even for a second. Any suggestions? EDIT: If T start up the PC without the power connected to the CDrom there is no chuga-chugan noise.

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How to back up initial state of external backup drive?

- by intuited

I've picked up an HP Simplesave external drive. It comes with some fancy software that is of no use to me because I don't use Windows. Like many current consumer-targeted backup drives, the backup software is actually contained on the drive itself. I'd like to save the drive's initial state so that I can restore it if I decide to sell it. The backup box itself is somewhat customized: in addition to the hard drive device, it presents a CDROM-like device on /dev/sr0. I gather that the purpose of this cdrom device is to bootstrap via Windows autoplay the backup application which lives on the disk itself. I wouldn't suppose any guarantees about how it does this, so it seems important to preserve the exact state of the disk. The drive is formatted with a single 500GB NTFS partition. My initial thought was to use dd to dump the disk (/dev/sdb) itself, but this proved impractical, as the resulting file was not sparse. This seemed to be because the NTFS empty space is not filled with zeroes, but with a repeating series of 16 bytes. I tried gzipping the output of dd. This reduced to the file to a manageable size — the first 18GB was compressed to 81MB, versus 47MB to tarball the contents of the mounted filesystem — but it was very slow on my admittedly somewhat derelict Pentium M processor. The time to do that first 18GB was about 30 minutes. So I've resorted to dumping the disk state and partition data separately. I've dumped the partition state with sfdisk -d /dev/sdb > sfdisk.-d.out I've also created a compressed image of the NTFS partition (the only one on the disk) with ntfsclone --save-image --output - /dev/sdb1 | gzip -c > ntfsclone.img.gz Is there anything else I should do to ensure that I can restore the precise original state of the drive?

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How to continue an HTTrack mirroring session from the command line?

- by isme

I want to drive my mirroring project using the Command Prompt instead of the WinHTTrack interface so that I can script and schedule the mirroring session more easily. The output of httrack --help gives a simple command for continuing an interrupted mirroring session: example: httrack --continue continues a mirror in the current folder When I try httrack --continue in my HTTrack project folder, all I get is output like this: Example: -%F "" * Option %F needs to be followed by a blank space, and a footer string With each parameter on a new line for readability, the first line of my doit.log file looks like this: -qiC1%P0s0b0u1j0%s%u0N0%I0p1DaK0c1T30H0%kf2E1800A25000%c0.1%f#f -F "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0)" -%F "" -%l "en, en, *" http://saa.gov.uk/search.php?SEARCHED=1&SEARCH_TABLE=council_tax&SEARCH_TERM=City+of+Edinburgh&DISPLAY_COUNT=100 -O1 "C:\\Users\\Iain\\Projects\\Council Tax Analysis\\Code\\HTTrack\\Council Tax Valuation List" -* \ +*search.php?SEARCHED=1* -*DISPLAY_MODE=FULL* The parameter %F "" should tell HTTrack to use an empty footer. I used the WinHTTrack interface to create the project and start the mirroring session. I can interrupt and continue the mirroring session using the interface. The HTML files saved by WinHTTrack have no footer.

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Setting up logging for a remote backup script

- by Brian Dainis

So I wrote up a short script that I am planning to run via a cron job daily to package up my site files and send them to a remote location. I also plan to incorporate DB dumps, but I have not gotten that far yet. My issue today however is that Im am uncertain how to log the output of each command for errors, warnings, or other pertinent information the command may output. I would also like to install sometype of fail safe so if something goes horribly wrong the script will stop dead in its tracks and notify me via email or something. Ok the email thing is not as critical, but would be nice. Does anybody have any ideas for that? Here is what I have so far. By the way, both servers are CentOS 6.2 running standard LAMP. #!/bin/sh ################################# ### Set Vars ################################# THEDATE=`date +%m%d%y%H%M` ################################# ### Create Archives ################################# tar -cf /root/backups/files/server_BAK_${THEDATE}.tar -C / var/www/vhosts gzip /root/backups/files/server_BAK_${THEDATE}.tar ################################# ### Send Data to Remote Server ################################# scp /root/backups/files/server_BAK_${THEDATE}.tar.gz user@host:/home/bak1/ftp/backups/ ################################# ### Remove Data from this Server ################################# rm -rf /root/backups/files/server_BAK_${THEDATE}.tar.gz

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mysql - moving to a lower performance server, how small can I go?

- by pedalpete

I've been running a site for a few years now which really isn't growing in traffic, and I want to save some money on hosting, but keep it going for the loyal users of the site and api. The database has one a nearly 4 million row table, and on a 4gb dual xeon 5320 server. When I check server stats on this server with ps -aux, i get returns of mysql running at about 11% capacity, so no serious load. The main query against mysql runs in about 0.45 seconds. I popped over to linode.com to see what kind of performance I could get out of one of their tiny boxes, and their 360mb ram XEN vps returns the same query in 20 seconds. Clearly not good enough. I've looked at the mysql variables, and they are both very similar (I've included the show variables output below, if anybody is interested). Is there a good way to decide on what size server is needed based on what I'm coming from? Is it RAM that is likely making the difference with the large table size? Is there a way for me to figure out how much ram would be ideal?? Here's the output of the show variables (though I'm not sure it is important). +---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+ | auto_increment_increment | 1 | | auto_increment_offset | 1 | | automatic_sp_privileges | ON | | back_log | 50 | | basedir | /usr/ | | bdb_cache_size | 8384512 | | bdb_home | /var/lib/mysql/ | | bdb_log_buffer_size | 262144 | | bdb_logdir | | | bdb_max_lock | 10000 | | bdb_shared_data | OFF | | bdb_tmpdir | /tmp/ | | binlog_cache_size | 32768 | | bulk_insert_buffer_size | 8388608 | | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | | collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci | | collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci | | collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci | | completion_type | 0 | | concurrent_insert | 1 | | connect_timeout | 10 | | datadir | /var/lib/mysql/ | | date_format | %Y-%m-%d | | datetime_format | %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s | | default_week_format | 0 | | delay_key_write | ON | | delayed_insert_limit | 100 | | delayed_insert_timeout | 300 | | delayed_queue_size | 1000 | | div_precision_increment | 4 | | keep_files_on_create | OFF | | engine_condition_pushdown | OFF | | expire_logs_days | 0 | | flush | OFF | | flush_time | 0 | | ft_boolean_syntax | + - For some reason, that table formats properly in the preview, but apparently not when viewing the question. Hopefully it isn't needed anyway.

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OpenVPN + iptables / NAT routing

- by Mikeage

I'm trying to set up an OpenVPN VPN, which will carry some (but not all) traffic from the clients to the internet via the OpenVPN server. My OpenVPN server has a public IP on eth0, and is using tap0 to create a local network, 192.168.2.x. I have a client which connects from local IP 192.168.1.101 and gets VPN IP 192.168.2.3. On the server, I ran: iptables -A INPUT -i tap+ -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i tap+ -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE On the client, the default remains to route via 192.168.1.1. In order to point it to 192.168.2.1 for HTTP, I ran ip rule add fwmark 0x50 table 200 ip route add table 200 default via 192.168.2.1 iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -j MARK -p tcp --dport 80 --set-mark 80 Now, if I try accessing a website on the client (say, wget google.com), it just hangs there. On the server, I can see $ sudo tcpdump -n -i tap0 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on tap0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 05:39:07.928358 IP 192.168.1.101.34941 > 74.125.67.100.80: S 4254520618:4254520618(0) win 5840 <mss 1334,sackOK,timestamp 558838 0,nop,wscale 5> 05:39:10.751921 IP 192.168.1.101.34941 > 74.125.67.100.80: S 4254520618:4254520618(0) win 5840 <mss 1334,sackOK,timestamp 559588 0,nop,wscale 5> Where 74.125.67.100 is the IP it gets for google.com . Why isn't the MASQUERADE working? More precisely, I see that the source showing up as 192.168.1.101 -- shouldn't there be something to indicate that it came from the VPN? Edit: Some routes [from the client] $ ip route show table main 192.168.2.0/24 dev tap0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.2.4 192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.101 metric 2 169.254.0.0/16 dev wlan0 scope link metric 1000 default via 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0 proto static $ ip route show table 200 default via 192.168.2.1 dev tap0

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Allow outgoing connections for DNS

- by Jimmy

I'm new to IPtables, but I am trying to setup a secure server to host a website and allow SSH. This is what I have so far: #!/bin/sh i=/sbin/iptables # Flush all rules $i -F $i -X # Setup default filter policy $i -P INPUT DROP $i -P OUTPUT DROP $i -P FORWARD DROP # Respond to ping requests $i -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT # Force SYN checks $i -A INPUT -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP # Drop all fragments $i -A INPUT -f -j DROP # Drop XMAS packets $i -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP # Drop NULL packets $i -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP # Stateful inspection $i -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow established connections $i -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow unlimited traffic on loopback $i -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT $i -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT # Open nginx $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Open SSH $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT However I've locked down my outgoing connections and it means I can't resolve any DNS. How do I allow that? Also, any other feedback is appreciated. James

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SNMP query - operation not permitted

- by jperovic

I am working on API that reads a lot of data via SNMP (routes, interfaces, QoS policies, etc...). Lately, I have experienced a random error stating: Operation not permitted Now, I use SNMP4J as core library and cannot really pinpoint the source of error. Some Stackoverflow questions have suggested OS being unable to open sufficient number of file handles but increasing that parameter did not help much. The strange thing is that error occurs only when iptables is up and running. Could it be that firewall is blocking some traffic? I have tried writing JUnit test that mimicked application's logic but no errors were fired... Any help would be appreciated! Thanks! IPTABLES *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [2:96] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [68:4218] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [68:4218] # route redirect za SNMP Trap i syslog -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p udp -m udp --dport 514 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 33514 -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p udp -m udp --dport 162 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 33162 COMMIT *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT ..... # SNMP -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 161 -j ACCEPT # SNMP trap -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 162 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 33162 -j ACCEPT ..... -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT

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Secure NAT setup with iptables

- by TheBigB

I have Debian running device that needs to act as an internet-gateway. On top of that I want to provide a firewall that not only blocks inbound traffic, but also outbound traffic. And I figured iptables should be able to do the job. The problem: I've configured NAT properly (I think?), but once I set the default policy to DROP and add rules to for instance allow HTTP traffic from inside the LAN, HTTP is not going through. So basically my rules don't seem to work. Below is the initialization script that I use for iptables. The device has two NICs, respectively eth0 (the WAN interface) and eth1 (the LAN interface). echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward # Flush tables iptables -F iptables -t nat -F # Set policies iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP # NAT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Allow outbound HTTP from LAN? iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT Can anyone shed some light on this?

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Logging communication between two VMs

- by sYnfo

Hi, I'm trying to set up "malware lab" described in this paper. So far, I've set up Windows guest system, adding one Host-only Network adapter, and setting this (sorry if the names aren't exactely correct, I don't have an english language version): - IP Address - 10.0.0.3 - Subnet mask - 255.255.255.0 - Default gateway - not set - Preferred DNS - 10.0.0.4 - Alternate DNS - not set And a Linux guest system - Ubuntu 9.04 - with two Network adapters - Bridged (eth0) and Host-only (eth1), and setting eth1 IP Address to 10.0.0.4, leaving the eth0 to be set by DHCP. Then, I have configured iptables as described in the paper, ie.: iptables -F -t nat iptables -F -t mangle iptables -t mangle -P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p udp -i eth1 -d 10.0.0.3 --dport 53 -j ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth1 --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth1 -d 10.0.0.3 --dport 6000:7000 -j ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -j ULOG iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -j DROP Now, when I try to ping the windows system from within the Linux system, it does not reply, I guess thats perfectly normal, because iptables is blocking ping responce. Same when I try to ping the Linux system from within the Windows. But when I try to access any web page from within the Windows system, I would expect that this action should get logged by iptables. But thing is, I don't see any of that kind of lines in log file (If I am looking in the right place, that is. :) It is at /var/log/messages, isn't it?). So, what do you think might be the problem here? I should note, that this is the first time I'm using linux, so don't expect ANY working knowledge of Linux at all... :) Also, since english is not my mother tongue, feel free to point out any gramatical mistakes... :) Thanks for any advice.

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Question marks showing in ls of directory. IO errors too.

- by jaymoo

Has anyone seen this before? I've got a raid 5 mounted on my server and for whatever reason it started showing this: jason@box2:/mnt/raid1/cra$ ls -alh ls: cannot access e6eacc985fea729b2d5bc74078632738: Input/output error ls: cannot access 257ad35ee0b12a714530c30dccf9210f: Input/output error total 0 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 123 2009-08-19 16:33 . drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 16 2009-08-14 17:15 .. ?????????? ? ? ? ? ? 257ad35ee0b12a714530c30dccf9210f drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 57 2009-08-19 16:58 9c89a78e93ae6738e01136db9153361b ?????????? ? ? ? ? ? e6eacc985fea729b2d5bc74078632738 The md5 strings are actual directory names and not part of the error. The question marks are odd, and any directory with a question mark throws an io error when you attempt to use/delete/etc it. I was unable to umount the drive due to "busy". Rebooting the server "fixed" it but it was throwing some raid errors on shutdown. I have configured two raid 5 arrays and both started doing this on random files. Both are using the following config: mkfs.xfs -l size=128m -d agcount=32 mount -t xfs -o noatime,logbufs=8 Nothing too fancy, but part of an optimized config for this box. We're not partitioning the drives and that was suggested as a possible issue. Could this be the culprit?

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Windows 8 Communication Sound Setting not working

- by blackmastiff

I've been having a problem on my new laptop recently which is familiar but baffling the usual fixes. I'm running Windows 8 with an onboard Realtek soundcard. It's similar to the one on my older computer running Windows 7. The problem is, when I'm in Skype or Mumble, Windows changes the sound output to lower everything else automatically. I've disabled the communications sound change option on the communications tab within sound devices and checked all the applications settings to insure that they are not responsible. They aren't, and I noticed something else. When I'm in the sound properties dialog, and I switch to the microphone tab, the same audio output reduction occurs. This seems to say to me that the microphone must be responsible in some way, but seeing as I uninstalled all the drivers and installed windows drivers instead, I'm confused as to why this would be occurring. Any thoughts? EDIT: I just tried disabling the built in microphone and the sound no longer get changed. More confused now? As soon as I turn it back on, the sound gets dropped again. Incidentally, the fix for this on windows 7 was this question: Windows 7 lowers applications' volume automatically I've got my computer set that way and it doesn't work.

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Checking for valid document files

- by sweb

I need a simple way to check if my files are valid documents (pdf, doc, docx, ppt, pptx, xls, xlsx, odt, ods, odp and etc). I can't use file because magic does not work well at all. For example, for PDF files, this is my output. sweb@sweb-laptop: /media/files/ebooks/PDF and CHM$ file --mime *. Pdf PHP 5 for Dummies. Pdf: application/pdf; charset=binary PHP 6 and MySQL 5 for Dynamic Web Sites. Pdf: application/octet-stream; charset=binary PHP6 and MySQL Bible. Pdf: application/pdf; charset=binary PHP6.pdf: application/octet-stream; charset=binary PHP and MySQL for Dummies SE. Pdf: application/pdf; charset=binary For example, I use abiword – which is a good tool – but it converts any format. It doesn't check for valid documents: abiword --to=txt --to-name=output.txt audio.mp3 Is there any command available to check for valid documents then?

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What ports, besides 80, need to be available to send (only send) email using phpmailer to gmail over SSL?

- by Wobblefoot

Using phpmailer I keep getting a 110 timeout and "Unable to connect to host" when sending email from my web server. The authentication details are right and they work on another server I have (login, pwd, ports etc and gmail acct set up for SSL connections on 465), but it's failing on my new server. FIREWALL: I allow related/established, port 80 and a port for SSH on INPUT, then this on OUTPUT: 7906 474K DROP tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:smtp 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any localhost.localdomain yw-in-f109.1e100.net tcp dpt:submission 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any localhost.localdomain gx-in-f109.1e100.net tcp dpt:ssmtp 0 0 DROP tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:submission 9 540 DROP tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssmtp This output chain works on my other server and disabling it doesn't get mail delivered either. WEB SERVER: Varnish (80) Nginx (8088) Drupal 7 PHP5-FPM APC MySQL All works beautifully, except for outgoing email. What else could it be? I understand phpmailer does NOT require a local MTA or procmail (this is sort of the point - I don't want the security or admin overhead of a full blown MTA on my web server). Am I wrong? Do I need an MTA as well? What local ports and programs are used to authenticate over SSL and route mail using phpmailer? Any ideas at all greatly appreciated - wasted a day on this nonsense already!

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Grub Autostart with timeout

- by BetaRide

On Ubuntu 10.4 LTS I want Grub to start the default OS after 5 Seconds. I'd like to see the output of the startup scripts. Currently grub wait forever until I hit return and the output of the startup scripts isn't visible. Can someone tell me how I have to configure /etc/default/grub or any other setups? I tried to play with GRUB_TIMEOUT and GRUB_DEFAULT and did a sudo update-grub afterwards, but nothing changed. Any ideas? # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=5 #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) #GRUB_TERMINAL=console # The resolution used on graphical terminal # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux # GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_RECOVERY="true" # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"

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Redirect traffic from 127.0.0.1 to 127.0.0.1 on port 53 to port 5300 with iptables

- by Zagorax

I'm running a local dns server on port 5300 to develop a software. I need my machine to use that dns but I wasn't able to tell /etc/resolv.conf to check on a different port. I searched a bit on google and I didn't find a solution. I set 127.0.0.1 as nameserver on /etc/resolv.conf. This is my whole /etc/resolv.conf: nameserver 127.0.0.1 Could you please tell me how can I redirect outbound traffic on port 53 to another port? I tried the following but it didn't work: iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 53 -j DNAT --to 127.0.0.1:5300 iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p udp --dport 53 -j DNAT --to 127.0.0.1:5300 Here is the output of iptables -t nat -L -v -n (with suggested rules): Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 REDIRECT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:53 redir ports 5300 0 0 REDIRECT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:53 redir ports 5300 Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 302 packets, 19213 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 302 packets, 19213 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination

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Two video card on one Mobo

- by InfinityKing

I recently purchased a new HP Pavilion p6-2265eo. It was then that I realised that it has only one DVI and one HDMI output.. I will connect my TV with the HDMI. so I am letft with only one DVI output. I need to have two monitors. Please help. Should I purchase a new video card and install it? My knowledge is limited. The specifications of my comp says that there is 1 x PCI-E x16, 3 x PCI-E x1. 1) I suppose that the video card already present in my purchase is connected on the PCI-E x16. Am I right? I dont want to open my desktop right now and check it for myself as it can void the warrenty. so I need an experienced person to tell me that. 2) I have an old nvidia geforce 7200 gt. Is it possible for me to connect it to my left over PCI-E x1? I searched for PCI-E x1 on the net and as far as I can understand the slot is too small for my old nvidia geforce 7200 gt graphic card. 3) what are the options? Please help this dummo :) Thankign you in advance,

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