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• mount another drive to the same directory

  - by Ken Autotron

  I recently purchased a server that was advertised as 2TB (2 1TB drives) in size, when I use it it reports only one of the drives, I would like to be able to use both as if one drive. here is the specs... sudo lshw -C disk *-disk description: ATA Disk product: TOSHIBA DT01ACA1 vendor: Toshiba physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: MS2O serial: 13EJ81XPS size: 931GiB (1TB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=0005b3dd *-disk description: ATA Disk product: TOSHIBA DT01ACA1 vendor: Toshiba physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@4:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sdb version: MS2O serial: 13OX3TKPS size: 931GiB (1TB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=00030e86 and fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00030e86 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 4096 41947135 20971520 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 41947136 1952468991 955260928 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb3 1952468992 1953519615 525312 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0005b3dd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 4096 41947135 20971520 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda2 41947136 1952468991 955260928 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda3 1952468992 1953519615 525312 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/md2: 978.2 GB, 978187124736 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 238815216 cylinders, total 1910521728 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md2 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md1: 21.5 GB, 21474770944 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 5242864 cylinders, total 41942912 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md1 doesn't contain a valid partition table is it possible to mount both drives to say /Home/ so I would have 2TB of usable space?

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• Can a virus corrupt a hard disk?

  - by sundar

  Shorter version: Hard disk corrupt, vendor claims warranty does not apply since it was "due to a virus" and "problems due to software are not covered under the warranty". Longer version: My Dell laptop recently refused to boot, and all attempts to 'repair' the Vista installation using the provided installation CD failed. I called up Dell support, and a representative took the laptop and after a day said the hard disk is corrupt. When I tried to ask for a replacement under the warranty, an official replied that the corruption was due to a virus, and "problems due to software are not covered under the warranty". Now, I get a doubt that he's trying to avoid having to provide it under the warranty. Is it possible for a hard disk to get corrupt due to a virus? If yes, is there any way we can detect it was due to a virus (as he claims to have detected)?

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• Format an external hard disk

  - by Alex

  I am trying to format an external hard disk to FAT32 (I need it to work with some hardware that expects it to be in FAT32). When I am trying to format it via windows the only option I'm getting is to format it to NTFS. Another strange thing is that when I am trying to format one of my own partitions (on the hard disk that is running the OS) I can do it only in NTFS while another partition my OS can format in both NTFS and FAT32. What can cause such a behavior and how can I format the external hard disk to FAT32?

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• Tape vs. Disk: Tape Refuses to be Evicted

  Like a tenant who refuses to be evicted from an area earmarked for redevelopment, tape is alive and kicking. When it comes to long-term backup retention and archiving, it is holding its own against dedupe &#151; especially among large enterprises.

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• Tape vs. Disk: Tape Refuses to be Evicted

  Like a tenant who refuses to be evicted from an area earmarked for redevelopment, tape is alive and kicking. When it comes to long-term backup retention and archiving, it is holding its own against dedupe &#151; especially among large enterprises.

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• So my disk is quite fast...

  - by Kit Ong

  Hilarious Samsung SSD viral marketing video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=96dWOEa4Djs&feature=fvw

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• Xubuntu: Disks utility (palimpsest) and Gparted not showing up anywhere after installation

  - by Noam Gagliardi

  So I've downloaded Gparted and Disks from the software center. According to software center, they've both installed successfully... but they're nowhere to be found. Even in my terminal: $ palimpsest palimpsest: command not found I've looked in usr/bin... no "palimpsest", no "gnome-disk-utility". In usr/share/gnome-disk-utility there's a bunch of .ui files. According to Software Center, both programs are now installed in my computer, but it seems I've no way to find them. I've tried re-installing and restarting. I'm on Xubuntu 32 bit.

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• Ubuntu 12 Server messing up my hard disk

  - by Jeroen Jacobs

  I'm installing Ubuntu server on a disk with 12GB available. During the setup, I choose the default LVM-based partition layout. However for some reason, Ubuntu decides that it only wants to use 4GB of this disk. How do I reclaim the remaining space of the hard disk? "lvextent" doesn't work btw... output of df -h: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root 4.3G 3.4G 754M 82% / udev 3.9G 4.0K 3.9G 1% /dev tmpfs 1.6G 756K 1.6G 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /run/shm /dev/sda1 228M 25M 192M 12% /boot output of pvdisplay: --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda5 VG Name ubuntu PV Size 12.32 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 3154 Free PE 8 Allocated PE 3146 PV UUID dD06RZ-kGcL-1tTX-Ruds-XIDG-ssMd-FIUkzZ my partitions: Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 26343423 12920833 5 Extended /dev/sda5 501760 26343423 12920832 8e Linux LVM when I try lvextent, it says there is not enough diskspace.

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• Backup to disk, encrypted, without any installed local software

  - by user30064

  Hi, Ok, this is a tough one, and it might not even be possible, but no harm in asking I guess. I have a Buffalo Terastation file server that I use for network attached storage. After a couple of phone calls to customer services I realised that there is no way to backup to disk encrypted. In effect, I would be carrying unencrypted company data off-site daily, which is obviously unacceptable. I had a go at TrueCrypt, EncFS, and a few others, and as far as I could see all of them required that you install some software on the machine that is to use the file system, which makes sense. Unfortunately the firmware on the Terastation is closed and I cannot install any software (and I can't build from source either, since Buffalo didn't include a compiler). Are there any ways to copy files to disk, where as soon as they are written to the disk they are transparently encrypted, without having to install additional software? I'm not sure it matters too much, but the Terastation firmware is Linux based, although as I mentioned, closed. Many thanks, Andreas

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• Windows 2008 R2 software RAID 1 (disk failure)

  - by thj

  I've bought myself a new server that I'm going to use for some various software developing projects. I have a simple question about Windows 2008 R2 x64 software raid. What if disk 1 fails? Will it automatically swap over to disk 2? And boot up on disk 2 after reboot? Or how do you handle this? Should I use some tools for monitoring my RAID 1? So if it fails or if there are any errors, I will receive an email. Do you know of a tool capable of this? Or can I do it by having a tool monitoring the event viewer? Finally, I'm looking for a tool to test the speed (read/write) of my harddrives, before and after introducing RAID 1. What's the best free tool out there?

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• Can I get "disk utilization" from a NetApp filer via SNMP?

  - by Andrew

  On a NetApp filer's command line I'm running "sysstat -u" to show disk utilization, (actually the utilization of the single busiest disk). By disk utilization, I mean "percent of time the disk is busy", not "how much space on the disk is being used to store data/metadata". Is there a way to get disk utilization info through SNMP? The netapp.mib file doesn't appear to expose this. It does have CPU utilization, disk usage & capacity information, etc, but not disk utilization. The MIB-II (rfc1213) seems to be the only other information exposed by the filer through SNMP. I hope I am missing something. The "CP (consistency point) time" metric is exposed through the NETAPP-MIB in SNMP, but this seems to only partially correlate with disk utilization under write load, and not really at all under read load.

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• Import emails from hard disk image?

  - by Chen Xiao-Long

  My old Pentium 3 email server just died on me. Is it possible import all my emails that I had? I was running postfix and the cyrus IMAP server. I can chroot to the hard drive to run any commands if needed. After grep'ing the hard drive, I found that all of my emails are in /var/spool/imap. I assume that I can't just copy all the emails to my new server, so what do I need to do to get them onto my new server?

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• PGP Desktop Whole disk Encryption paused on a toshiba ultrabook z935

  - by garg

  I have a Toshiba z930 Ultrabook with PGP Desktop installed for whole disk encryption. It installed correctly, and started encrypting but it stays paused. If I reboot, it shows me the PGP desktop username, password, domain screen. If I enter in my credentials, it allows me to get into windows but encryption remains paused. If I click on resume, it lets me enter a password, accepts it but then it doesn't do anything. One suspicious thing is that in the 'Select disk or partition to encrypt' box, it says, C: 120B fixed disk. Unknown Bus: TOSHIBA THNSNS12... Do I need to change something in the BIOS, or install any drivers so that it doesn't see it as an Unknown Bus?

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• Live boot from hard disk problem

  - by user172277

  I've installed Ubuntu Desktop 13.04 32bit. Next I configured /etc/grub.d/40_custom to boot live system from ubuntu.iso (also Desktop 13.04 32 bit) I used configuration: menuentry "Ubuntu 13.04 Desktop" { loopback loop /boot/ubuntu.iso linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/boot/ubuntu.iso noeject noprompt splash -- initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz } and it works OK. Later I made some changes on my installed ubuntu. I made some configuration, installed additional packages and so on. After that I made backup using remastersys tool. Remastersys gave me new ISO file. So I wanted to use it. And here was first problem. Remastersys creates only initrd.gz file. So I changed the grub configuration form: initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz to: initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.gz But after that, when I reboot my system I get error: /init: line 3: can't open /dev/sr0: No medium found Any ideas how to fix it? Best Regards, Bartosz

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• Is my disk hot or not?

  - by adriangrigore

  I am trying to figure out the temperature of my dedicated server's harddisk. For this purpose, I've downloaded HDTune to monitor the S.M.A.R.T. Status. The problem is that the current temperature for "C2 Temperature" is 73 degrees celsius, but the little thermometer on top of the window shows 27 degrees celsius. See this screenshot: http://screencast.com/t/OGJhZGIxND Another monitoring software (Anfibia Reactor) shows similar behavior: Disk temperature is around 30 degrees, but it says that the disk is too hot. So, is my disk hot or not? Since this is a dedicated server, I can't just open the case and put a thumb on it.

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• continuous hard disk access - slowing down my machine

  - by suresh

  I find from the hard disk access LED on the front of my machine that the hard disk is being accessed more often and probably because of that, my machine is quite slow. The machine becomes unresponsive even when the load as seen from w command is around 1 or so. My desktop is optiplex 360 dell machine running Ubuntu 10.04. My questions are: How to quantify hard disk access and how to see if it is more than "normal" ? If it is more than normal, what are my solutions ? thanks suresh

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• How to reload UBUNTU11.04 again which is hidden in the hard disk

  - by Yaskadeva

  I had installed Ubuntu 11.04 as another OS ( not inside Windows). means every time i used to get a Ubuntu screen and i can select Ubuntu or windows. but once i formatted my windows. after that the 38 gb memory which was used under Ubuntu is missing means the ubuntu is there and as it is EXT type windows is not able to access that. and i am not able to boot into it.I need ubuntu i can install new version but my memory is being wasted i do not kno what to do. pl reply me asap.

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• Beware of SQL Server and PerfMon differences in disk latency calculation

  - by Michael Zilberstein

  Recently sp_blitz procedure on one of my OLTP servers returned alarming notification about high latency on one of the disks (more than 100ms per IO). Our chief storage guy didn’t understand what I was talking about – according to his measures, average latency is only about 15ms. In order to investigate the issue, I’ve recorded 2 snapshots of sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats and calculated latency per read and write separately. Results appeared to be even more alarming: while for read average latency...(read more)

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• Recover files from NTFS drive with bad sectors

  - by Martin

  A few nights ago I have created a backup of my data on an external 500 GB NTFS USB hard drive. I have then formatted my computer, reinstalled Ubuntu and started transferring back the data from the external HDD. Unfortunately some files have became corrupted and Ubuntu is unable to copy them over. The same issue happens if I login using Windows 7. Disk Utility detects with SMART that there are "a few bad sectors". Some of files are perfectly intact, but other files cannot be accessed (nor read, copied...) although they are displayed within nautilus and show the correct file size. Is there anything I can do to recover this data? I have thought of using TestDisk but this utility seems more useful for repairing lost partitions or deleted files. I have also thought of using ddrescue so I could at least have a low level copy of the disk but I am not sure what use to make of it in order to recover the data!!!

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• Disk names in Solaris 10 for ZFS: SAS WWN instead of c0t0d0

  - by notpeter

  I currently have a server running Solaris 10u9 with a SAS enclosure (Dell PowerVault MD1000) filled with SATA disks attached to an SAS card (LSI 3801E). It happily recognizes the 15 disks in the MD1000 and presents them each disk in the traditional solaris form (c1t12d0, c1t13d0, c1t15d0, etc). My home ZFS setup (Nexenta CP3 + LSI 9200-16E + directly cabled SATA disks) presents disks as their SAS WWN ID (ex: c3t600039300001EA56d0). Although this ID is longer, I've found it much easier to troubleshoot because the cabling/slot is irrelevant, ZFS just identifies the disk by ID, if it's connected it finds it. Most manufacturers print the WWN right on the disk's top label, can't get much easier than that. So how can I get Solaris to identify disks by SAS WWN instead of by the cXtXdX?

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• Beeping Hard Disk - Seagate 250GB Momentus 5400.6

  - by Pez Cuckow

  I have been trying to repair a laptop that simply beeps instead of booting. After taking it apart I have now realised that it is the hard disk beeping. I know that sound strange but I guarantee that is what it is! (Currently powered on it's own with a Sata Mains lead). The beeping is slightly faster than one per second there is a link to a recording below: http://www.pezcuckow.com/files/BeepingHardDisk.m4a This recording was made resting the mic on the hard disk while it was sat on a table on it's own, there are no speakers anywhere near, the sound is coming from the hard disk. Does anyone know what this beep means? Is the hard drive just dead, or is it fixable and the data recoverable? Many thanks,

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• Limit disk I/O one program creates?

  - by Posipiet

  Hardware: one virtualization server. Dual Nehalem, 24GB RAM, 2 TB mirrored HD. Software: Debian, KVM, virt-manager on the server with several virtual machines that use Linux too. 2 TB Disk is a big LVM, each VM gets a logical volume and makes its own partitions in that. Problem: One of the programs that runs on one of the VMs creates huge disk load. This never was an issue, because the program never ran on such a powerful hardware. Now the CPUs are fast, and lots of I/O is the result. We cant do much against that at the moment, because the tool is a black box. On the other hand, the speedy computation is welcome. The program creates about 5 GB of temp files which get overwritten during the next iteration. Question: How can we limit the disk I/O for the process?

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• Preseed Partman: multiple partitions on one disk /tmp /data /usr swap

  - by Moritz

  trying to get preseeding on 12.04 64bit with what should be a basic setup to work: /dev/sda - the only drive beeing used / - rootfs - 100GB /boot - 1GB /tmp - 10GB /data - should take all available space swap - 10GB - d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \ boot-root :: \ 1000 50 1000 ext4 \ $primary{ } $bootable{ } \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \ mountpoint{ /boot } \ . \ 500 1000 10000 ext4 \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \ mountpoint{ /tmp } \ . \ 500 5000 100000000 ext4 \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \ mountpoint{ /data } \ . \ 64 2000 10000 linux-swap \ method{ swap } format{ } \ . \ 500 3000 100000 ext4 \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \ mountpoint{ / } \ . If i only use the code for /boot,swap and / it works. Also i was wondering weather i have to specify some other recipe name than "boot-root", but trying "thisNameIsNotDefinedInPartman" the result was the same. The Error message displayed by the ubuntu installer is always "no root file system is defined" Thanks for your help, Moritz

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• Representing heightmaps, on disk and when drawing

  - by gardian06

  This is a conglomeration question when answering please specify which part you are addressing. I am looking at creating a maze type game that utilizes elevation. I have a few features I would like to have, but am unsure as to some of the implementation. I have done work doing fileIO maze generation (using a key to read the file, and then generate the level based on that file), but I am unsure how to think about this with elevation in the mix. I think height maps might be a good approach, but don't know how to represent them effectively. for a height map which is more beneficial XML(containing h[u,v] data and key definition), CSV (item1 is key reference, item2 is elevation), or another approach that I have not thought of yet? When it comes to placing the elevation values themselves what kind of deltah values are appropriate to have it noticeable at about a 60degree angle while not really effecting gravity driven physics (assuming some effect while moving up/down hill)? I am thinking of maybe going to procedural generation at some point, but am wondering if it is practical to have a procedurally generated grid (wall squares possibly same dimensions as the open space squares), or if designing to a thin wall open spaces is better? this decision will effect the amount of work need on the graphics end for uniform vs. irregular walls. EDIT: Game will be a elevation maze shooter. Levels/maps will be mazes with elevation the player has to negotiate. Elevations will have effects on "combat" vision, and movement.

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• SATA hard disk for laptop on Desktop PC

  - by Lawliet

  I know that this forum is for programming-related questions only, but I'm having this dilemma so here I go. Can I connect a laptop SATA hard disk to Desktop PC? Do I have to use some adapters or I can just plug in SATA power connector and SATA data cable like my Desktop hard disk is connected? I noticed that both laptop and desktop SATA disks use same connectors, but I'm afraid that I might fry my laptop hard disk because the SATA connector has both 12V and 5V voltage (given the fact that laptop hard disks has input voltage of 5V) Thanks in advance

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