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  • Multiple Unpacking Assignment in Python when you don't know the sequence length

    - by doug
    The textbook examples of multiple unpacking assignment are something like: import numpy as NP M = NP.arange(5) a, b, c, d, e = M # so of course, a = 0, b = 1, etc. M = NP.arange(20).reshape(5, 4) # numpy 5x4 array a, b, c, d, e = M # here, a = M[0,:], b = M[1,:], etc. (ie, a single row of M is assigned each to a through e) (My Q is not numpy specfic; indeed, i would prefer a pure python solution.) W/r/t the piece of code i'm looking at now, i see two complications on that straightforward scenario: i usually won't know the shape of M; and i want to unpack a certain number of items (definitely less than all items) and i want to put the remainder into a single container so back to the 5x4 array above, what i would very much like to be able to do is, for instance, assign the first three rows of M to a, b, and c respectively (exactly as above) and the rest of the rows (i have no idea how many there will be, just some positive integer) to a single container, all_the_rest = []. I'm not sure if i have explained this clearly; in any event, if i get feedback i'll promptly edit my Question.

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  • Handling missing/incomplete data in R--is there function to mask but not remove NAs?

    - by doug
    As you would expect from a DSL aimed at data analysis, R handles missing/incomplete data very well, for instance: Many R functions have an 'na.rm' flag that you can set to 'T' to remove the NAs: mean( c(5,6,12,87,9,NA,43,67), na.rm=T) But if you want to deal with NAs before the function call, you need to do something like this: to remove each 'NA' from a vector: vx = vx[!is.na(a)] to remove each 'NA' from a vector and replace it w/ a '0': ifelse(is.na(vx), 0, vx) to remove entire each row that contains 'NA' from a data frame: dfx = dfx[complete.cases(dfx),] All of these functions permanently remove 'NA' or rows with an 'NA' in them. Sometimes this isn't quite what you want though--making an 'NA'-excised copy of the data frame might be necessary for the next step in the workflow but in subsequent steps you often want those rows back (e.g., to calculate a column-wise statistic for a column that has missing rows caused by a prior call to 'complete cases' yet that column has no 'NA' values in it). to be as clear as possible about what i'm looking for: python/numpy has a class, 'masked array', with a 'mask' method, which lets you conceal--but not remove--NAs during a function call. Is there an analogous function in R?

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  • Good suggestions for learning OOP PHP

    - by Doug
    I've been trying to learn PHP OOP and have looked at multiple articles, but have yet to find a good resource for learning. I want to learn from the user of setters and getters, $this-, constructors, and so on...! Can anyone please suggest me something? I noticed MOST teachings leave out the explanation of $this-. I want to learn magic methods, decorators, encapsulation, etc... Feel free to suggest something that I haven't explicitly listed.

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  • How can we serialize a class that is not a custom class of our own?

    - by Doug
    I need to look at the properties of an object and I cannot instantiate this object in the proper state on my dev machine. I need my client to run some code on her machine, serialize the object in question to disk and then I can analyze the file. Here is the class I want to serialize. System.Security.AccessControl.RegistrySecurity Here is my code: Private Sub SerializeRegSecurity(ByVal regKey As RegistryKey) Try Dim regSecurity As System.Security.AccessControl.RegistrySecurity = regKey.GetAccessControl() Dim oXS As XmlSerializer = New XmlSerializer(GetType(System.Security.AccessControl.RegistrySecurity)) Dim oStmW As StreamWriter Dim regDebugFilePath As String = Path.Combine(My.Computer.FileSystem.SpecialDirectories.Desktop, "RegDebugFile.xml") 'Serialize object to XML and write it to XML file oStmW = New StreamWriter(regDebugFilePath) oXS.Serialize(oStmW, regSecurity) oStmW.Close() Catch ex As Exception Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString) End Try End Sub And here's what I end up with in my XML file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> Any ideas on how to accomplish what I am trying to do? How can we serialize a class that is not a custom class of our own? Thanks for ANY help. Even an alternate method.

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  • Using unset member variables within a class or struct

    - by Doug Kavendek
    It's pretty nice to catch some really obvious errors when using unset local variables or when accessing a class or struct's members directly prior to initializing them. In visual studio 2008 you get an "uninitialized local variable used" warning at compile-time and get a run-time check failure at the point of access when debugging. However, if you access an uninitialized struct's member variable through one of its functions, you don't get any warnings or assertions. Obviously the easiest solution is don't do that, but nobody's perfect. For example: struct Test { float GetMember() const { return member; } float member; }; Test test; float f1 = test.member; // Raises warning, asserts in VS debugger at runtime float f2 = test.GetMember(); // No problem, just keeps on going This surprised me, but it makes some sense -- the compiler can't assume calling a function on an unused struct is an error, or how else would you initialize or construct it? And anything fancier just quickly brings up so many other complications that it makes sense that it wouldn't bother classifying which functions are ok to call and when, especially just as a debugging help. I know I can set up my own assertions or error checking within the class itself, but that can complicate some simpler structs. Still, it would seem like within the context of the function call, wouldn't it know insides GetMember() that member wasn't initialized yet? I'm assuming it's not only relying on static compile-time deduction, given the Run-Time Check Failure #3 it raises during execution, so based on my current understanding of it it would seem reasonable for the same checks to apply. Is this just a limitation of this specific compiler/debugger (Visual Studio 2008), or more tied to how C++ works?

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  • How do I make these layers not overlap?

    - by Doug
    http://dougymak.com/jquery/test.html# I have three problems that I need help with. 1 ) When you click "More" on top right, it open a div #search and the background is being overlapped by the brown element below. I tried using z-index, but it didn't work. 2 ) I'm trying to make the div #search align directly beneath the "More", but upon setting the width of #search, it aligns to the left side. 3 ) When I hover over the navigation on the left, the popup is being overlapped by the text in the middle. I want the popup to be on top of the text.

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  • Entity Framework foreign relationship issue

    - by Doug Hope
    I've had an entity framework model working for some time. Yesterday, it suddenly started complaining about a foreign key relationship issue during an insert. I've checked the fields and can do a manual insert using the exact field values. But the EF continues to complain. Any ideas what could have happened?

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  • Downloading javascript Without Blocking

    - by doug
    The context: My question relates to improving web-page loading performance, and in particular the effect that javascript has on page-loading (resources/elements below the script are blocked from downloading/rendering). This problem is usually avoided/mitigated by placing the scripts at the bottom (eg, just before the tag). The code i am looking at is for web analytics. Placing it at the bottom reduces its accuracy; and because this script has no effect on the page's content, ie, it's not re-writing any part of the page--i want to move it inside the head. Just how to do that without ruining page-loading performance is the crux. From my research, i've found six techniques (w/ support among all or most of the major browsers) for downloading scripts so that they don't block down-page content from loading/rendering: (i) XHR + eval(); (ii) XHR + 'inject'; (iii) download the HTML-wrapped script as in iFrame; (iv) setting the script tag's 'async' flag to 'TRUE' (HTML 5 only); (v) setting the script tag's 'defer' attribute; and (vi) 'Script DOM Element'. It's the last of these i don't understand. The javascript to implement the pattern (vi) is: (function() { var q1 = document.createElement('script'); q1.src = 'http://www.my_site.com/q1.js' document.documentElement.firstChild.appendChild(q1) })(); Seems simple enough: inside this anonymous function, a script element is created, its 'src' element is set to it's location, then the script element is added to the DOM. But while each line is clear, it's still not clear to me how exactly this pattern allows script loading without blocking down-page elements/resources from rendering/loading?

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  • First version of Linux

    - by dole doug
    Hi there I've heard many times that Linus Torvalds is a genius when it comes to writing good code. I also wish to write good code and I'd like to see how the first version of Linux was written. Does anyone know where I can find the first version of Linux? I'm looking for the first version (not 1.0) because I think it will be smaller and easier to understand. Many thanks.

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  • Android ViewFlipper is out of control

    - by Doug Miller
    I have an app that uses a ViewFlipper to display some text and images. I have the flipper's flipinterval set to 10 seconds, but also want to allow the user to click a button that will advance the flipper. The code blow works great on 2.2, the view is changed every 10 seconds and if I click flip_button the view is changed and the auto flip steps back in 10 seconds later. The 1.5 and 1.6 versions will remember the manual advance and it will happen every time in the rotation. What am I missing? private void initFlipButton(){ final ImageView flip_button = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.flip_button); info_button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View view) { flipper.stopFlipping(); flipper.showNext(); flipper.startFlipping(); } }); } private void initFlipper(){ flipper = (ViewFlipper) findViewById(R.id.flip_dog); flipper.setFlipInterval(10000); flipper.setInAnimation(inFromRightAnimation()); flipper.setOutAnimation(outToLeftAnimation()); flipper.startFlipping(); }

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  • How secure is my website?

    - by Doug
    As a beginning web developer, I try my best to clean up all the user inputs through checks and what not. However, today, I found out my website was hacked (I'll share their website on request) and it really made my wonder how did they do it. I'm in the process of getting my website back together. What should I do to prevent these things? Is there people I should talk to and ask how secure my website is? What can I do to to keep my website safe?

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  • Question about AJAX

    - by Doug
    function showHint(str) { if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest(); } else { xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function() { if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200) { document.getElementById("games").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText; } } xmlhttp.open("GET","hw9.database.php?name="+str,true); xmlhttp.send(); } I'm learning AJAX at the moment. The code here basically receives the echo from the PHP and then puts it in element id games. My question is, if I wanted to have AJAX send 3 different http requests to 3 different PHP scripts and if I wanted to retrieve data from each one and then put it in 3 different element id's then would I make 3 copies of this same function? I would imagine that there should be a more efficient way. Thanks!

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  • Mapping US zip code to time zone

    - by Doug Kavendek
    When users register with our app, we are able to infer their zip code when we validate them against a national database. What would be the best way to determine a good potential guess of their time zone from this zip code? We are trying to minimize the amount of data we explicitly have to ask them for. They will be able to manually set the time zone later if our best guess is wrong. I realize zip codes won't help with figuring out the time zone outside the US, but in that case we'd have to manually ask anyway, and we deal predominantly with the US regardless. I've found a lot of zip code databases, and so far only a few contain time zone information, but those that do are not free, such as this one. If it's absolutely necessary to pay a subscription to a service in order to do this, then it will not be worth it and we will just have to ask users explicitly. Although language isn't particularly relevant as I can probably convert things however needed, we're using PHP and MySQL.

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  • Are there pitfalls to using static class/event as an application message bus

    - by Doug Clutter
    I have a static generic class that helps me move events around with very little overhead: public static class MessageBus<T> where T : EventArgs { public static event EventHandler<T> MessageReceived; public static void SendMessage(object sender, T message) { if (MessageReceived != null) MessageReceived(sender, message); } } To create a system-wide message bus, I simply need to define an EventArgs class to pass around any arbitrary bits of information: class MyEventArgs : EventArgs { public string Message { get; set; } } Anywhere I'm interested in this event, I just wire up a handler: MessageBus<MyEventArgs>.MessageReceived += (s,e) => DoSomething(); Likewise, triggering the event is just as easy: MessageBus<MyEventArgs>.SendMessage(this, new MyEventArgs() {Message="hi mom"}); Using MessageBus and a custom EventArgs class lets me have an application wide message sink for a specific type of message. This comes in handy when you have several forms that, for example, display customer information and maybe a couple forms that update that information. None of the forms know about each other and none of them need to be wired to a static "super class". I have a couple questions: fxCop complains about using static methods with generics, but this is exactly what I'm after here. I want there to be exactly one MessageBus for each type of message handled. Using a static with a generic saves me from writing all the code that would maintain the list of MessageBus objects. Are the listening objects being kept "alive" via the MessageReceived event? For instance, perhaps I have this code in a Form.Load event: MessageBus<CustomerChangedEventArgs>.MessageReceived += (s,e) => DoReload(); When the Form is Closed, is the Form being retained in memory because MessageReceived has a reference to its DoReload method? Should I be removing the reference when the form closes: MessageBus<CustomerChangedEventArgs>.MessageReceived -= (s,e) => DoReload();

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  • Call a KeyDown Event

    - by Doug
    All I need is to be able to click a button and have it do the KeyDown event for Enter, I've tired doing KeyDownCheck(13); and similar things, and I can get into the KeyDown event, but I can't get it to recognize that I want Enter, and it doesn't go to any specific key. Is there a specific way to put this in? Thanks in advance

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  • How can I use HTML 5?

    - by Doug
    I want to get ready for HTML 5 and start playing around with it. Do I need to install it or something before using it? How does it work? I'm currently on shared hosting.

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  • C++0x rvalue references and temporaries

    - by Doug
    (I asked a variation of this question on comp.std.c++ but didn't get an answer.) Why does the call to f(arg) in this code call the const ref overload of f? void f(const std::string &); //less efficient void f(std::string &&); //more efficient void g(const char * arg) { f(arg); } My intuition says that the f(string &&) overload should be chosen, because arg needs to be converted to a temporary no matter what, and the temporary matches the rvalue reference better than the lvalue reference. This is not what happens in GCC and MSVC. In at least G++ and MSVC, any lvalue does not bind to an rvalue reference argument, even if there is an intermediate temporary created. Indeed, if the const ref overload isn't present, the compilers diagnose an error. However, writing f(arg + 0) or f(std::string(arg)) does choose the rvalue reference overload as you would expect. From my reading of the C++0x standard, it seems like the implicit conversion of a const char * to a string should be considered when considering if f(string &&) is viable, just as when passing a const lvalue ref arguments. Section 13.3 (overload resolution) doesn't differentiate between rvalue refs and const references in too many places. Also, it seems that the rule that prevents lvalues from binding to rvalue references (13.3.3.1.4/3) shouldn't apply if there's an intermediate temporary - after all, it's perfectly safe to move from the temporary. Is this: Me misreading/misunderstand the standard, where the implemented behavior is the intended behavior, and there's some good reason why my example should behave the way it does? A mistake that the compiler vendors have somehow all made? Or a mistake based on common implementation strategies? Or a mistake in e.g. GCC (where this lvalue/rvalue reference binding rule was first implemented), that was copied by other vendors? A defect in the standard, or an unintended consequence, or something that should be clarified?

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  • Better explanation of $this-> in this example please

    - by Doug
    Referring to this question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2035449/why-is-oop-hard-for-me class Form { protected $inputs = array(); public function makeInput($type, $name) { echo '<input type="'.$type.'" name="'.$name.'">'; } public function addInput($type, $name) { $this->inputs[] = array("type" => $type, "name" => $name); } public function run() { foreach($this->inputs as $array) { $this->makeInput($array['type'], $array['name']; } } } $form = new form(); $this->addInput("text", "username"); $this->addInput("text", "password");** Can I get a better explanation of what the $this->input[] is doing in this part: public function addInput($type, $name) { $this->inputs[] = array("type" => $type, "name" => $name); }

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  • Is there a mode for different Paypal IPN?

    - by Doug
    I have a donation script at this moment where the user inputs the donation amount on the Paypal website. The problem with this is that some people donate $0.30 which equates to $0 after Paypal fees. I want to put first check the amount donated using an input on my website and then send off the amount to the Paypal website where they can continue to enter their credit card information and what not. How do I do this? Do I have to change to another mode? or am I supposed to send the amount to Paypal and then they'll know how it's handled?

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  • How to find the one Label in DataList that is set to True

    - by Doug
    In my .aspx page I have my DataList: <asp:DataList ID="DataList1" runat="server" DataKeyField="ProductSID" DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1" onitemcreated="DataList1_ItemCreated" RepeatColumns="3" RepeatDirection="Horizontal" Width="1112px"> <ItemTemplate> ProductSID: <asp:Label ID="ProductSIDLabel" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("ProductSID") %>' /> <br /> ProductSKU: <asp:Label ID="ProductSKULabel" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("ProductSKU") %>' /> <br /> ProductImage1: <asp:Label ID="ProductImage1Label" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("ProductImage1") %>' /> <br /> ShowLive: <asp:Label ID="ShowLiveLabel" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("ShowLive") %>' /> <br /> CollectionTypeID: <asp:Label ID="CollectionTypeIDLabel" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("CollectionTypeID") %>' /> <br /> CollectionHomePage: <asp:Label ID="CollectionHomePageLabel" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("CollectionHomePage") %>' /> <br /> <br /> </ItemTemplate> </asp:DataList> And in my code behind using the ItemCreated event to find and set the label.backcolor property. (Note:I'm using a recursive findControl class) protected void DataList1_ItemCreated(object sender, DataListItemEventArgs e) { foreach (DataListItem item in DataList1.Items) { if (e.Item.ItemType == ListItemType.Item || e.Item.ItemType == ListItemType.AlternatingItem) { Label itemLabel = form1.FindControlR("CollectionHomePageLabel") as Label; if (itemLabel !=null || itemLabel.Text == "True") { itemLabel.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Yellow; } } When I run the page, the itemLabel is found, and the color shows. But it sets the itemLabel color to the first instance of the itemLabel found in the DataList. Of all the itemLabels in the DataList, only one will have it's text = True - and that should be the label picking up the backcolor. Also: The itemLabel is picking up a column in the DB called "CollectionHomePage" which is True/False bit data type. I must be missing something simple... Thanks for your ideas.

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