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• What are some cool git or .gitignore tricks & best practices? [closed]

  - by 01walid

  Git is just awesome and fast VCS, however, knowing better this tool will help you incredibly increase your productivity and save your time. Here we can try to make a collection of tips, tricks and useful links to better take advantage of git, this question can have some more sub-questions, I mean: what are some usefull commands that reverse or rectify commits/adding/removing mistakes? what are .gitignore & Global .gitignore best practices? especially with private/secure files that contains passwords, api keys, local config and so on ... .gitignore first or git add <files> first? what are the advantages/disadvantages of both being the first/last. links to blog post, articles, would be sufficient. I thought every sub-question is not worthy opening a whole post each alone, I think centralizing these tips in one question post would help many people.

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• How do you achieve a numeric versioning scheme with Git?

  - by Erlend

  My organization is considering moving from SVN to Git. One argument against moving is as follows: How do we do versioning? We have an SDK distribution based on the NetBeans Platform. As the svn revisions are simple numbers we can use them to extend the version numbers of our plugins and SDK builds. How do we handle this when we move to Git? Possible solutions: Using the build number from hudson (Problem: you have to check hudson to correlate that to an actual git version) Manually upping the version for nightly and stable (Problem: Learning curve, human error) If someone else has encountered a similar problem and solved it, we'd love to hear how.

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• Code review process when using GIT as a repository?

  - by Sid

  What is the best process for code review when using GIT? Current process: We have a GIT server with a master branch to which everyone commits Devs work off the local master mirror or a local feature branch Devs commit to server's master branch Devs request code review on last commit Problem: Any bug in code review are already in master by the time it's caught. Worse, usually someone has burnt a few hours trying to figure out what happened... So, we would like To do code review BEFORE delivery into the 'master'. Have a process that works with a global team (no over the shoulder reviews!) something that doesn't require an individual dev to be at his desk/machine to be powered up so someone else can remote in (remove human dependency, devs go home at different timezones) We use TortoiseGIT for a visual representation of a list of files changed, diff'ing files etc. Some of us drop into a GIT shell when the GUI isn't enough, but ideally we'd like the workflow to be simple and GUI based (I want the tool to lift any burden, not my devs).

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• Should I understand SVN before I jump to GIT?

  - by John Isaacks

  I work in a department where no one has ever used source control before, including myself. I am trying to push the concept. I have spent a little while researching SVN. I some basics learned. I can Create/update/checkout/commit with command line and from Tortoise. I am starting to learn how to tag and branch but still confused a lot about conflicts between branches and trunk etc. I am still learning, but I do not have a physical person who can show me anything. Its all from books/tutorials and trial and error. From what I have read online it seems like git is the better thing to know, but its also more complicated. I don't want to overwhelm myself. Should I continue to master svn before moving to git or would I be wiser to just jump to git now? Are there pros and cons to both approaches?

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• Whats the difference between pulling from a branch into master and pushing that branch onto master?

  - by Justin808

  In Tortoisegit, on the repository, I right-click and select sync. At the top of the dialog there are options for Local Branch and Remote Branch. If the local branch is named DeveloperA and the remote branch is master and I do a push, what happens? If the local branch is master and remote branch is DeveloperA and I Pull, what happens? If I am on the master branch and right click, select Merge and change the From to be my DeveloperA branch, what happens? If I try to push from master to remote master and the remote is updated git stops and tells me to pull. It seems if I push from DeveloperA to master it doens't stop, it just clobbers, it that correct? We're having an issue using git where the remote master branch gets clobbered at times and we are trying to figure out why. For example there is a developer working on his DeveloperA branch. He'll pull from master to get any updates, then push to master to push out his changes. But there are times that the push lists more files in the Out Commit list than he's edited. The odd thing is he can't revert those files as git is saying they are up to date and have not been modified. Yet when he pushes git pushes the files out. The problem is if there are changes between his pull and push the changes get clobbered.

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• Should I understand SVN before I jump to GIT?

  - by John Isaacks

  I work in a department where no one has ever used source control before, including myself. I am trying to push the concept. I have spent a little while researching SVN. I some basics learned. I can Create/update/checkout/commit with command line and from Tortoise. I am starting to learn how to tag and branch but still confused a lot about conflicts between branches and trunk etc. I am still learning, but I do not have a physical person who can show me anything. Its all from books/tutorials and trial and error. From what I have read online it seems like git is the better thing to know, but its also more complicated. I don't want to overwhelm myself. Should I continue to master svn before moving to git or would I be wiser to just jump to git now? Are there pros and cons to both approaches?

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• Why do Git users say that Subversion does not have all the source code locally?

  - by johnny

  I'm only going on what I've read on SO, so forgive me, but all I read says that one major advantage of Git over Subversion is that Git gives all the source code to the developer locally, not having to do anything on the server. With my limited using of SVN and TortoiseSVN, I had all the source code, or at least I thought I did. For example, I have a website. I upload it to SVN. I am still running my website locally, aren't I? If someone submits a change and I'm not connected, it wouldn't matter if I had Git or not, until I reconnect to the server. I do not understand. I'm not asking for a rehash of one vs. the other except this one point.

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• Cygwin, ssh, and git on Windows Server 2008

  - by Paul

  Hi everyone. I'm trying to setup a git repository on an existing Windows 2008 (R2) server. I have successfully installed Cygwin & added git and ssh to the packages, and everything works perfectly (thanks to Mark for his article on it). I can ssh to localhost on the server, and I can do git operations locally on the server. When I try to do either from the client, however, I get the "port 22, Bad file number" error. Detailed SSH output is limited to this: OpenSSH_4.6p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8e 23 Feb 2007 debug1: Connecting to {myserver} [{myserver}] port 22. debug1: connect to address {myserver} port 22: Attempt to connect timed out without establishing a connection ssh: connect to host {myserver} port 22: Bad file number Google tells me that this means I'm being blocked, usually, by a firewall. So, double-checked the firewall settings on the server, rule is there allowing port 22 traffic. I even tried turning off the firewall briefly, no change in behavior. I can ssh just fine from that client to other servers. The hosting company swears that there's no other firewalls blocking that server on port 22 (or any other port, they claim, but I find that hard to believe). I have another trouble ticket into them, just in case the first support person was full of it, but meanwhile I wanted to see if anyone could think of anything else it can be. Thanks, Paul

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• How to use git to manage one codebase but have different environments

  - by emostar

  I'm using git for a personal project at the moment and have run into a problem of having one codebase for two different environments and was wondering what the cleanest way to use git would be. Main Desktop I Use this machine for most of my development. I have a git repository here that I cloned off of an empty repository that I use on my internal server. I do most of my work here and push back to the internal server so I can use that as a master of truth and to ease making backups. Laptop I sometimes want to code on the road, so I did a clone from the internal server and created a new branch called "laptop-branch". Unfortunately some directories MSVC++ version are different than from the Main Desktop environment. I just modified the files in the "laptop-branch" and committed them there. Now I did a lot of changes while on vacation with my laptop, and want to push them to origin, but don't want the changes I made that were related to directories and compiler versions to be pushed back to origin. What would be the best way to get this done?

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• Git workflow for two tight-knit projects

  - by Pioul

  Two very similar projects I'm maintaining an online Markdown editor using Git as RCS (and accessorily made available on GitHub). From this web app, I've created a Chrome app: the code is the same, aside from some Chrome technicalities. I care about open sourcing these two projects. Still, the Chrome app's code being the same as the web app's except for some dull details, I've first chosen to (1) not publish the Chrome app on GitHub, and (2) not use Git to manage its code. Instead, I would manually review the web app's commits, then replicate the few changes in the Chrome app. … slightly drifting apart However, I've decided to add a feature to the Chrome app only. So, even though both codebases will remain broadly similar, they'll be diverging enough to make me reconsider the rationale behind my initial decision to not version control nor share the Chrome app's source code. Since I'm now willing to use Git to version control both apps, and that I want to share both of them on GitHub, how should I go about it? Should I use two different repositories, or one repo with two long-running branches? What would be the pros and cons of each approach in that context? What would be the easiest/fastest way to regularly "import" commits from the web app to the Chrome app, since the web app is going to remain the master branch? Is cherry-picking the only solution?

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• how do I start GIT daemon automatically under CentOS 4.8 ?

  - by ck2

  Apparently my server is running CentOS 4.8 with Cpanel uname -a 2.6.9-023stab048.6-enterprise #1 SMP MSK 2008 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 4.8 (Final) I'd prefer to install it as a service but I cannot seem to install "yum git-daemon" there is no package available for CentOS 4.8 (when I try to include another repos for it I get too many dependency failures) So what's the easiest way to just start it? Typically this is how I do it from CLI git daemon --detach --user=git --group=git Thanks for any help!

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• Using git subtree to clone a subdirectory of a project with versioning history then merge it back af

  - by D W

  I am a graduate student with many scripts, bibliography data in bibtex, thesis draft in latex, presentations in open office, posters in scribus, and figures and result data. I would like to put everything in one project under version control. Then when I need to work on a portion such as the bibliography data, I would like to check that subdirectory out, modify it as necessary and merge it back.I would like the ability to check out one version to my home computer, and a different one to my work computer and make changes to each independently and eventually merge them back. I would also like to be able to check out a piece of code from this big project and import it with versioning into a separate project. If I may changes I'd like to be able to merge them back to the original project. Based on my understanding git subtree can do this. http://github.com/apenwarr/git-subtree There is an example that is along the lines of what I'm trying to do at: http://psionides.jogger.pl/2010/02/04/sharing-code-between-projects-with-git-subtree/ This code is from that site: git clone git://git2.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git newtree=$(git subtree split --prefix=gitweb --annotate='(split) ' \ 0a8f4f0^.. --onto=1130ef3 --rejoin) git branch latest_gitweb $newtree gitk latest_gitweb Say the trunk of my project contained the directories: (bib bin cfg data fig src todo). How would I use git-subtree to split off the bib (bibliography) directory with versioning? When I use git-subtree split --prefix=bib I get 884842f6f4e9896e2e4e9402ee0ef762cd617257 as output, but I don't know where to go from there.

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• Is it possible to push a git stash to a remote repository?

  - by Andrew Grimm

  In git, is it possible to create a stash, push the stash to a remote repository, retrieve the stash on another computer, and apply the stash? Or are my options: Create a patch and copy the patch to the other computer, or Create a minor branch and commit the incomplete work to that branch?

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• Git: after preparing a real merge commit, how to create a simple commit?

  - by mklhmnn

  After invoking git merge --no-commit <commit>, performing a commit will result in a merge commit with two (or more) parents. What command to invoke to create a simple commit instead (without having to re-perform the merge command with the --squash option)?

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• how to reduce time of git pulling each time when you do a make world on Xen source

  - by Registered User

  I am compiling xen from source and each time I do a make world it basically gives some or the other error my problem are not those errors ( I am trying to debug them) but the problem is each time when I do a make world Xen basically pulls things from git repository + rm -rf linux-2.6-pvops.git linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp + mkdir linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp + rmdir linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp + git clone -o xen -n git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeremy/xen.git linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp Initialized empty Git repository in /usr/src/xen-4.0.1/linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp/.git/ remote: Counting objects: 1941611, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (319127/319127), done. remote: Total 1941611 (delta 1614302), reused 1930655 (delta 1604595) **Receiving objects: 20% (1941611/1941611), 98.17 MiB | 87 KiB/s, done.** and if you notice the last line it is still consuming my bandwidth pulling things from internet.How can I stop this step each time and use existing git repository?

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• Sparse checkout in Git 1.7.0?

  - by davr

  With the new sparse checkout feature in Git 1.7.0, is it possible to just get the contents of a subdirectory like how you can in SVN? I found this example, but it preserves the full directory structure. Imagine that I just wanted the contents of the 'perl' directory, without an actual directory named 'perl'. -- EDIT -- Example: My git repository contains the following paths repo/.git/ repo/perl/ repo/perl/script1.pl repo/perl/script2.pl repo/images/ repo/images/image1.jpg repo/images/image2.jpg repo/doc/ repo/doc/readme.txt repo/doc/help.txt What I want is to be able to produce from the above repository this layout: repo/.git/ repo/script1.pl repo/script2.pl However with the current sparse checkout feature, it seems like it is only possible to get repo/.git/ repo/perl/script1.pl repo/perl/script2.pl which is NOT what I want. Thanks.

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• git status: how to ignore some changes

  - by Mr Fooz

  Is there a way to have git status ignore certain changes within a file? Background I have some files in my repository that are auto-generated (yes, I know that's typically not recommended, but I have no power to change this). Whenever I build my tree, these auto-generated files have status information updated in them (who generated them, a timestamp, etc.). When I say git status, I'd like it to run a filter on these generated files that strips out this transient status information. I only want it to show up in the "Changed but not updated:" section of git's output if there are other, real changes. Using the .gitattributes approach found at http://progit.org/book/ch7-2.html, I am able to get git diff to ignore these status line changes using a simple egrep filter. I'd like to get git status to also use textconv filters (or something equivalent). I'd prefer it if merges aren't affected by any of this filtering.

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• Access Git Repository using Eclipse and Netbeans Plugins with LDAP Users

  - by ukrania

  Hello everyone! I've configure a git server. I need to use ssh because I've defined permissions using users of my domain, using LDAP. Only users with permissions could read a project. So, the links to access my repositories are like that: ssh://[email protected]@hostname/var/git/repo.git When I clone, commit or push a project using linux git commands or using tortoisegit on windows, there is no problem, everything works as expected. However, I've tried to clone a project using plugins from Eclipse (EGit) and Netbeans (NBGit), with no success. Seems that they can't recognize the host. I've accessed using a user from the server (not from the domain) and it cloned the project perfectly. Seems that the plugins assume that the host is everything after the first @. Do you know how I can solve this problem? There are any other Git plugins for those IDEs? Thanks for your answers. Best Regards, ukrania

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• How to push a new local branch to remote repo and track it too [git]

  - by Roni Yaniv

  I tried looking for a an answer to this, but couldn't find any which address this specific need. Which is weird. I want to be able to do the following: create a local branch based on some other (remote or local) branch (via git branch or git checkout -b) push the local branch to remote repo (publish), but make it trackable so git pull and git push will work immediately. How do I do that? EDIT: I know about --set-upstream in git 1.7, but that is a post-creation action. i want to find a way to make a similar change when pushing the branch to the remote repo.

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• Smart auto-completition for staged git file names, used with difftool

  - by piobyz

  I'd like to have a smart auto-completition of currently staged file names when using git diff. Example: modified: DIR1/LongCamelCaseFileName.h modified: DIR1/AnotherLongCamelCaseFileName.m modified: DIR1/AndThereAreALotOfThemInDir1.m modified: DIR2/file4.m and here, using bash tab-auto-complete functionality I'd like to use it with git diff where by smart I mean that after typing git diff I'd need to type only a short part of the staged file name that I want to diff, and without a dirname, so for example git diff And<TAB> would result in git diff AndThereAreALotOfThemInDir1.m Actually, without a dir-ommiting-part it would be still useful (auto-completing using only staged files pool).

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• Push origin master error on new repository.

  - by thaiyoshi

  I just started using git with github. I followed their instructions and ran into errors on the last step. I'm checking in an existing directory that isn't currently source-controlled (project about a week old). Other than that, my use case should be pretty run of the mill. Here's what's happening: $ git push origin master error: src refspec master does not match any. fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly error: failed to push some refs to '[email protected]:{username}/{projectname}.git' Github's instructions: Global setup: Download and install Git git config --global user.name "Your Name" git config --global user.email {username}@gmail.com Next steps: mkdir projectname cd projectname git init touch README git add README git commit -m 'first commit' git remote add origin [email protected]:{username}/{projectname}.git git push origin master

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• Git + Capistrano = Automatic Release Notes Generator ?

  - by Matt Rogish

  We use git (github) and capistrano (like 99% of the Rails shops out there) to deploy our app to production. What I'd like to do is, after every cap * deploy generate a text file containing all the git commit comments since the last deploy. I can then take that list of commit comments, clean it up, and put it somewhere for consumption. "git log" http://book.git-scm.com/3_reviewing_history_-_git_log.html has plenty of options for fetching log messages, but I don't see an easy way in capistrano to return the current and previous commits, or even the last date/time a deployment occurred, so I can pass that to git log Thoughts? I can't be the first one doing this... Thanks!

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• Commit SVN working copy into Git repository

  - by mchr

  I am currently working on a checked out SVN project along with some plugins for that project. I want to keep all of this work - including the current version of my SVN checkout within a single git repository. I thought I had achieved this by checking in the SVN working copy to git. However, when I did a pull on a new computer the SVN working copy had been corrupted. In particular it seemed that git had not checked it any of the .svn/tmp/ and .svn/props/ folders. I have now made a fresh checkout of the SVN project. Is there a way for me to add the ignored folders to my git repo (git status ignores them even though my .gitignore is empty) or force SVN to regenerate them?

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• How to use Git properly with XCode?

  - by rickharrison

  I have been an iphone developer for a while, and I have recently been including git in my workflow. I have used git settings found on http://shanesbrain.net/2008/7/9/using-xcode-with-git for my workflow so far. Those settings tell git to exclude *.pbxproj from merges? Is there a real reason for doing this? For example, when I add a file to the project and push to origin, my fellow developers will not have that file added to their xcode project when they pull. Then if one of them builds a release this file may not be included. Shouldn't I just let git handle the merges for the project file? Could someone please explain why or why not this file should be in merges and how to properly handle the situation when files are added to the project. Thanks.

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• nicely display file rename history in git log

  - by Jian

  The git command git log --format='%H' --follow -- foo.txt will give you the series of commits that touch foo.txt, following it across renames. I'm wondering if there's a git log command that will also print the corresponding historical file name beside each commit. It would be something like this, where we can interpret '%F' to be the (actually non-existent) placeholder for filename. git log --format='%H %F' --follow -- foo.txt I know this could be accomplished with git log --format='%H' --follow --numstat -- foo.txt but the output is not ideal since it requires some non-trivial parsing; each commit is strewn across multiple lines, and you'll still need to parse the file rename syntax ("bar.txt => foo.txt") to find what you're looking for.

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