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  • Python - what's your conventions to declare your attributes in a class ?

    - by SeyZ
    Hello, In Python, I can declare attributes all over the class. For example : class Foo: def __init__(self): self.a = 0 def foo(self): self.b = 0 It's difficult to retrieve all attributes in my class when I have a big class with a lot of attributes. Is it better to have the following code (a) or the next following code (b) : a) Here, it's difficult to locate all attributes : class Foo: def __init__(self): foo_1() foo_2() def foo_1(self): self.a = 0 self.b = 0 def foo_2(self): self.c = 0 b) Here, it's easy to locate all attributes but is it beautiful ? class Foo: def __init__(self): (self.a, self.b) = foo_1() self.c = foo_2() def foo_1(self): a = 0 b = 0 return (a, b) def foo_2(self): c = 0 return c In a nutshell, what is your conventions to declare your attributes in a class ?

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  • Use a foreign key mapping to get data from the other table using Python and SQLAlchemy.

    - by Az
    Hmm, the title was harder to formulate than I thought. Basically, I've got these simple classes mapped to tables, using SQLAlchemy. I know they're missing a few items but those aren't essential for highlighting the problem. class Customer(object): def __init__(self, uid, name, email): self.uid = uid self.name = name self.email = email def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "Cust: %s, Name: %s (Email: %s)" %(self.uid, self.name, self.email) The above is basically a simple customer with an id, name and an email address. class Order(object): def __init__(self, item_id, item_name, customer): self.item_id = item_id self.item_name = item_name self.customer = None def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "Item ID %s: %s, has been ordered by customer no. %s" %(self.item_id, self.item_name, self.customer) This is the Orders class that just holds the order information: an id, a name and a reference to a customer. It's initialised to None to indicate that this item doesn't have a customer yet. The code's job will assign the item a customer. The following code maps these classes to respective database tables. # SQLAlchemy database transmutation engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False) metadata = MetaData() customers_table = Table('customers', metadata, Column('uid', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String), Column('email', String) ) orders_table = Table('orders', metadata, Column('item_id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('item_name', String), Column('customer', Integer, ForeignKey('customers.uid')) ) metadata.create_all(engine) mapper(Customer, customers_table) mapper(Orders, orders_table) Now if I do something like: for order in session.query(Order): print order I can get a list of orders in this form: Item ID 1001: MX4000 Laser Mouse, has been ordered by customer no. 12 What I want to do is find out customer 12's name and email address (which is why I used the ForeignKey into the Customer table). How would I go about it?

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  • ASP.NET MVC Referencing Html Helper from a view

    - by Dan
    I've written an Html Helper called DetailsForm to reduce repetition when displaying fields in a view. Within a view - actually a partial view, ascx file - I can refer to it like this: Storyboard.Helpers.DetailsForm.LabelAndData(Html, m => m.id) But would like to refer to it like this: LabelAndData(Html, m => m.id) A 'using' directive doesn't seem to be allowed in the ascx file. Is there an equivalent?

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  • Referencing control on one form from another form VB.NET

    - by Tom
    My gosh man, why is this so complicated in VB.NET? As you can guess, I'm kind of new to .NET and just want to reference a control on one form from another. Usually I would just do Form.Control.Property but that doesn't work and every example I've found through Google doesn't work for me. It just seems overly complicated with public classes, etc. Is there a more simpler way to do this? I'm ready to throw in the towel and just use a global variable at this point. I have the form containing the control I want to reference, frmGenerate which has a textbox called txtCustomerNo. From this form through a button's click event I want to show another form, frmCustomers, and have that form reference the value in txtCustomerNo. frmCustomers.ShowDialog() It has to be something simple that I'm just not grasping. Thanks.

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  • Sending object C from class A to class B

    - by user278618
    Hi, I can't figure out how to design classes in my system. In classA I create object selenium (it simulates user actions at website). In this ClassA I create another objects like SearchScreen, Payment_Screen and Summary_Screen. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class OurSiteTestCases(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium("localhost", 5555, "*chrome", "http://www.someaddress.com/") time.sleep(5) self.selenium.start() def test_buy_coffee(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open('/') sel.window_maximize() search_screen=SearchScreen(self.selenium) search_screen.choose('lavazza') payment_screen=PaymentScreen(self.selenium) payment_screen.fill_test_data() summary_screen=SummaryScreen(selenium) summary_screen.accept() def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main() It's example SearchScreen module: class SearchScreen: def __init__(self,selenium): self.selenium=selenium def search(self): self.selenium.click('css=button.search') I want to know if there is anything ok with a design of those classes?

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  • OpenSSL Ignore Self-signed certificate error

    - by Ramsey
    I'm writing a small program with the OpenSSL library that is suppose to establish a connection with an SSLv3 server. This server dispenses a self-signed certificate, which causes the handshake to fail with this message: "sslv3 alert handshake failure, self signed certificate in certificate chain." Is there a way I can force the connection to proceed? I've tried calling SSL_CTX_set_verify like so: SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, SSL_VERIFY_NONE, NULL); But it does not seem to change anything. Any suggestions?

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  • Referencing the current jQuery object in a chain?

    - by Lance McNearney
    At DevDays in SF last year (before jQuery 1.4 was released), I thought they mentioned an upcoming feature in 1.4 that would allow you to reference the current jQuery object while in a chain. I've read through all of the 1.4 improvements and wasn't able to find it. Does anyone know how this can be done? Example Being able to access the current jQuery object would be helpful when working with methods that are in relation to the current object like .next(): // Current way var items = $(this).closest('tr'); items = items.add(items.next(':not([id])')); // Magical 1.4 way? Is there a "chain"-like object? var items = $(this).closest('tr') .add(chain.next(':not([id])'));

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  • NHibernate class referencing discriminator based subclass

    - by Rich
    I have a generic class Lookup which contains code/value properties. The table PK is category/code. There are subclasses for each category of lookup, and I've set the discriminator column in the base class and its value in the subclass. See example below (only key pieces shown): public class Lookup { public string Category; public string Code; public string Description; } public class LookupClassMap { CompositeId() .KeyProperty(x = x.Category, "CATEGORY_ID") .KeyProperty(x = x.Code, "CODE_ID"); DiscriminateSubclassesBasedOnColumn("CATEGORY_ID"); } public class MaritalStatus: Lookup {} public class MartialStatusClassMap: SubclassMap { DiscriminatorValue(13); } This all works. Here's the problem. When a class has a property of type MaritalStatus, I create a reference based on the contained code ID column ("MARITAL_STATUS_CODE_ID"). NHibernate doesn't like it because I didn't map both primary key columns (Category ID & Code ID). But with the Reference being of type MaritalStatus, NHibernate should already know what the value of the category ID is going to be, because of the discriminator value. What am I missing?

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  • Python: confused with classes, attributes and methods in OOP

    - by user1586038
    A. Am learning Python OOP now and confused with somethings in the code below. Question: 1. def init(self, radius=1): What does the argument/attribute "radius = 1" mean exactly? Why isn't it just called "radius"? The method area() has no argument/attribute "radius". Where does it get its "radius" from in the code? How does it know that the radius is 5? """ class Circle: pi = 3.141592 def __init__(self, radius=1): self.radius = radius def area(self): return self.radius * self.radius * Circle.pi def setRadius(self, radius): self.radius = radius def getRadius(self): return self.radius c = Circle() c.setRadius(5) """ B. Question: In the code below, why is the attribute/argument "name" missing in the brackets? Why was is not written like this: def init(self, name) and def getName(self, name)? """ class Methods: def init(self): self.name = 'Methods' def getName(self): return self.name """

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  • Referencing text input fields in CKEditor dialogs

    - by rt-uk
    Hi, I've been playing around with this for a couple of weeks now with no success... In a CKEditor dialog, text input fields are renamed with a unique number - e.g. id: 'txtUrl' will become something like id='27_textinput'. How do I reference this? // I feel it should be something like: var myfield = CKEDITOR.instances.myElement.document.$.body.getId('txtUrl'); // or maybe: var myfield = CKEDITOR.dialog.getContentElement('info','txtUrl'); // and then: myfield.value = 'myvalue'; But these don't work. Please help! Thanks in advance, R

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  • [self removeFromSuperview] not doing dealloc

    - by jonydep
    i have this in the superview: mySubView = [[MySubView alloc] init]; [self addSubview:mySubView]; [mySubView release]; then at some point later, in the sub view, this: [self removeFromSuperview]; when i debug it, i notice that the dealloc for the subview is never called, even though i'm fairly sure the reference count should be 0. any ideas why this might be? thanks.

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  • Referencing surrogate key

    - by Arman
    I have a table that has an autoincrement surrogate key. I want to use it as a foreign key of my other table. The thing is, I cant figure out how I can reference it to that table, because it is nearly impossible to determine what I have to reference(the actual value of the surrogate key). Please be noted that what I am trying to do is adding a tuple/record through my program(outside the dbms). The process is: Add a new record in Table1 and generate an autoincrement key. Update Add a new record in Table2 and reference its foreign key to the primary key of Table1. Update My question is : HOW do I store the foreign key if I didnt know what is it?

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  • PyQt signal between QObjects

    - by geho
    I'm trying to make a view and controller in PyQt where the view is emitting a custom signal when a button is clicked, and the controller has one of its methods connected to the emitted signal. It does not work, however. The respond method is not called when I click the button. Any idea what I did wrong ? import sys from PyQt4.QtCore import * from PyQt4.QtGui import QPushButton, QVBoxLayout, QDialog, QApplication class TestView(QDialog): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(TestView, self).__init__(parent) self.button = QPushButton('Click') layout = QVBoxLayout() layout.addWidget(self.button) self.setLayout(layout) self.connect(self.button, SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.buttonClicked) def buttonClicked(self): self.emit(SIGNAL('request')) class TestController(QObject): def __init__(self, view): self.view = view self.connect(self.view, SIGNAL('request'), self.respond) def respond(self): print 'respond' app = QApplication(sys.argv) dialog = TestView() controller = TestController(dialog) dialog.show() app.exec_()

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  • hierarchical data from self referencing table in tree form

    - by Beta033
    It looks like this has been asked and answered in all the simple cases, excluding the one that I'm having trouble with. I've tried using a recursive CTE to generate this; however maybe a cursor would be better? Or maybe a set of recursive functions will do the trick? Can this be done in a cte? consider the following table PrimaryKey ParentKey 1 NULL 2 1 3 6 4 7 5 2 6 1 7 NULL should yield PK 1 -2 --5 -6 --3 7 -4 where the number of - marks equal the depth, my primary difficulty is the ordering.

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  • Instantiating and referencing models in MVC

    - by fig-gnuton
    In MVC, should each model be a globally accessible singleton accessible to any view/controller? Or should the models be singletons that are dependency injected into any component that requires them? Or should a new model instance be created for each component that needs one, in which case events would be used to propagate changes across model instances of the same class?

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  • scala: defining a tratit and referencing the corresponding companion object

    - by opensas
    I'm trying to define a trait that uses the corresponding companion object, that is, the componion object of the class using the trait. for example, I have: :paste class Parent { def callMyCompanion = print(Parent.salute) } object Parent { def salute = "Hello from Parent companion object" } class Child extends Parent { } object Child { def salute = "Hello from Child companion object" } And then I create a parent object: scala> val p = new Parent() p: Parent = Parent@1ecf669 scala> p.callMyCompanion Hello from Parent companion object But with a child: scala> val c = new Child() c: Child = Child@4fd986 scala> c.callMyCompanion Hello from Parent companion object I'd like to get: Hello from Child companion object How can I achieve it???

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  • referencing (this) in a function

    - by Sara Chipps
    I have elements being generated by dynamic html, I would like to reference the particular href that is calling the function when one of many may be calling it. <a href="javascript:Foo(this)">Link</a> Does not work when I try to reference $(this). Is there another way to do this or do I have to make dynamic ids?

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  • Cross-referencing UML models in VS 2010

    - by cheaster
    I am just starting to explore/use the UML modeling support in Visual Studio 2010 Umltimate. I have created two model projects within a single solution. Let's call them Model A and Model B. I have some data types (classes) defined in Model B. I want to use them as return types for operations in Model A. However, I cannot figure out how to make the types defined in Model B show up in Model A when attempting to set return type on an operation. Any help/suggestions would be greatly appreciated! Thanks!

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  • referencing part of the composite primary key

    - by Zavael
    I have problems with setting the reference on database table. I have following structure: CREATE TABLE club( id INTEGER NOT NULL, name_short VARCHAR(30), name_full VARCHAR(70) NOT NULL ); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX club_uix ON club(id); ALTER TABLE club ADD CONSTRAINT club_pk PRIMARY KEY (id); CREATE TABLE team( id INTEGER NOT NULL, club_id INTEGER NOT NULL, team_name VARCHAR(30) ); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX team_uix ON team(id, club_id); ALTER TABLE team ADD CONSTRAINT team_pk PRIMARY KEY (id, club_id); ALTER TABLE team ADD FOREIGN KEY (club_id) REFERENCES club(id); CREATE TABLE person( id INTEGER NOT NULL, first_name VARCHAR(20), last_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_uix ON person(id); ALTER TABLE person ADD PRIMARY KEY (id); CREATE TABLE contract( person_id INTEGER NOT NULL, club_id INTEGER NOT NULL, wage INTEGER ); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX contract_uix on contract(person_id); ALTER TABLE contract ADD CONSTRAINT contract_pk PRIMARY KEY (person_id); ALTER TABLE contract ADD FOREIGN KEY (club_id) REFERENCES club(id); ALTER TABLE contract ADD FOREIGN KEY (person_id) REFERENCES person(id); CREATE TABLE player( person_id INTEGER NOT NULL, team_id INTEGER, height SMALLINT, weight SMALLINT ); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX player_uix on player(person_id); ALTER TABLE player ADD CONSTRAINT player_pk PRIMARY KEY (person_id); ALTER TABLE player ADD FOREIGN KEY (person_id) REFERENCES person(id); -- ALTER TABLE player ADD FOREIGN KEY (team_id) REFERENCES team(id); --this is not working It gives me this error: Error code -5529, SQL state 42529: a UNIQUE constraint does not exist on referenced columns: TEAM in statement [ALTER TABLE player ADD FOREIGN KEY (team_id) REFERENCES team(id)] As you can see, team table has composite primary key (club_id + id), the person references club through contract. Person has some common attributes for player and other staff types. One club can have multiple teams. Employed person has to have a contract with a club. Player (is the specification of person) - if emplyed - can be assigned to one of the club's teams. Is there better way to design my structure? I thought about excluding the club_id from team's primary key, but I would like to know if this is the only way. Thanks. UPDATE 1 I would like to have the id as team identification only within the club, so multiple teams can have equal id as long as they belong to different clubs. Is it possible? UPDATE 2 updated the naming convention as adviced by philip Some business rules to better understand the structure: One club can have 1..n teams (Main squad, Reserve squad, Youth squad or Team A, Team B... only team can play match, not club) One team belongs to one club only A player is type of person (other types (staff) are scouts, coaches etc so they do not need to belong to specific team, just to the club, if employed) Person can have 0..1 contract with 1 club (that means he is employed or unemployed) Player (if employed) belongs to one team of the club Now thinking about it - moving team_id from player to contract would solve my problem, and it could hold the condition "Player (if employed) belongs to one team of the club", but it would be redundant for other staff types. What do you think?

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  • Referencing java resource files for cold fusion

    - by Chimeara
    I am using a .Jar file containing a .properties file in my CF code, however it seems unable to find the .properties file when run from CF. My java code is: String key =""; String value =""; try { File file = new File("src/test.properties"); FileInputStream fileInput = new FileInputStream(file); Properties properties = new Properties(); properties.load(fileInput); fileInput.close(); Enumeration enuKeys = properties.keys(); while (enuKeys.hasMoreElements()) { key = (String) enuKeys.nextElement(); value = properties.getProperty(key); //System.out.println(key + ": " + value); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); key ="error"; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); key ="error"; } return(key + ": " + value); I have my test.properties file in the project src folder, and make sure it is selected when compiling, when run from eclipse it gives the expected key and value, however when run from CF I get the caught errors. My CF code is simply: propTest = CreateObject("java","package.class"); testResults = propTest.main2(); Is there a special way to reference the .properties file so CF can access it, or do I need to include the file outside the .jar somewhere?

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  • PHP class referencing confusion across multiple files

    - by DssTrainer
    I have an index.php file that has 3 includes <?php require_once('mod.php'); $mod = new Mod(); require_once('start.php'); require_once('tools.php'); ....some code.... ?> I need to be able to reference the $mod object inside the start.php and tools.php. How do I pass that object to be referenced by those 2 other require files? Basically the mod.php is a class that has an array list generated in its __construct(). I want to use that array list data inside the startup.php and tools.php file but not sure how to pass in the existing one without calling "new" inside both of those files separately which doesn't do what I need since it resets everything. Thanks!

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  • Creating objects and referencing before saving object to db

    - by Flexo
    Sorry about the vague title, but i didnt know how to ask the question in one line :) I have an order with nested itemgroups that again have nested items. the user specify the amount of item that he would like to have in each itemgroup. I would like to create these items in the create method of the orders controller when the order itself is being created. I kinda have 2 problems here. First, how do i set the reference of the items, or better yet, put the items into the @order object so they are saved when the @order is saved? the items are being stored in the db as the code is now, but the reference is not set because the order is not stored in the db yet so it doesnt have an id yet. Second, im not sure im using the correct way to get the id from my itemgroup. @order = Order.new(params[:order]) @order.itemgroups.each do |f| f.amount.times do @item = Item.new() @item.itemgroup_id = f.id @item.save end end

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  • Referencing invalid memory locations with C++ Iterators

    - by themoondothshine
    I am a big fan of GCC, but recently I noticed a vague anomaly. Using __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator (ie, the most common iterator type used in libstdc++, the C++ STL) it is possible to refer to an arbitrary memory location and even change its value without causing an exception! Is this expected behavior? If so, isn't a security loophole? Here's an example: #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { basic_string<char> str("Hello world!"); basic_string<char>::iterator iter = str.end(); iter += str.capacity() + 99999; *iter = 'x'; cout << "Value: " << *iter << endl; }

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  • referencing files that were included with vb.net solution

    - by every_answer_gets_a_point
    my application builds a pdf with images in the solution explorer i added a folder called pics and dropped all the images there when i run the program from my computer, there are no problems, but when i had a different user install the application they get this error: here's how i am including the image: Dim jpeg2 As Image = Image.GetInstance(Application.StartupPath & "\pics\1.jpg") i am using the itextsharp library why is the user having this problem?

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