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  • Overview of Dynamic and Static Sites

    Most of the websites that you can find online today are either dynamic or static websites. Both these techniques of have certain advantages and disadvantages based on which they are chosen. The righ... [Author: Alan Smith - Web Design and Development - June 06, 2010]

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  • Static methods and their overriding

    - by abson
    Java doesn't allow overriding of static methods but, class stat13 { static void show() { System.out.println("Static in base"); } public static void main(String[] ar) { new next().show(); } } class next extends stat13 { static void show() { System.out.println("Static in derived"); } } is not overriding done here?

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  • C# - Which is more efficient and thread safe? static or instant classes?

    - by Soni Ali
    Consider the following two scenarios: //Data Contract public class MyValue { } Scenario 1: Using a static helper class. public class Broker { private string[] _userRoles; public Broker(string[] userRoles) { this._userRoles = userRoles; } public MyValue[] GetValues() { return BrokerHelper.GetValues(this._userRoles); } } static class BrokerHelper { static Dictionary<string, MyValue> _values = new Dictionary<string, MyValue>(); public static MyValue[] GetValues(string[] rolesAllowed) { return FilterForRoles(_values, rolesAllowed); } } Scenario 2: Using an instance class. public class Broker { private BrokerService _service; public Broker(params string[] userRoles) { this._service = new BrokerService(userRoles); } public MyValue[] GetValues() { return _service.GetValues(); } } class BrokerService { private Dictionary<string, MyValue> _values; private string[] _userRoles; public BrokerService(string[] userRoles) { this._userRoles = userRoles; this._values = new Dictionary<string, MyValue>(); } public MyValue[] GetValues() { return FilterForRoles(_values, _userRoles); } } Which of the [Broker] scenarios will scale best if used in a web environment with about 100 different roles and over a thousand users. NOTE: Feel free to sugest any alternative approach.

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  • How to delay static initialization within a property

    - by Mystagogue
    I've made a class that is a cross between a singleton (fifth version) and a (dependency injectable) factory. Call this a "Mono-Factory?" It works, and looks like this: public static class Context { public static BaseLogger LogObject = null; public static BaseLogger Log { get { return LogFactory.instance; } } class LogFactory { static LogFactory() { } internal static readonly BaseLogger instance = LogObject ?? new BaseLogger(null, null, null); } } //USAGE EXAMPLE: //Optional initialization, done once when the application launches... Context.LogObject = new ConLogger(); //Example invocation used throughout the rest of code... Context.Log.Write("hello", LogSeverity.Information); The idea is for the mono-factory could be expanded to handle more than one item (e.g. more than a logger). But I would have liked to have made the mono-factory look like this: public static class Context { private static BaseLogger LogObject = null; public static BaseLogger Log { get { return LogFactory.instance; } set { LogObject = value; } } class LogFactory { static LogFactory() { } internal static readonly BaseLogger instance = LogObject ?? new BaseLogger(null, null, null); } } The above does not work, because the moment the Log property is touched (by a setter invocation) it causes the code path related to the getter to be executed...which means the internal LogFactory "instance" data is always set to the BaseLogger (setting the "LogObject" is always too late!). So is there a decoration or other trick I can use that would cause the "get" path of the Log property to be lazy while the set path is being invoked?

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  • Flex: How do you list private attributes of a class?

    - by mensonge
    Hi, I try to serialize objects with their private attributes, in Flex. The introspection API does not seem to allow it: "The describeType() method returns only public members. The method does not return private members of the caller's superclass or any other class where the caller is not an instance." Is there another way for an instance to know the name of its private members?

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  • C#: why have all static methods/variables in a non-static class?

    - by Craig Johnston
    I have come across a class which is non-static, but all the methods and variables are static. Eg: public class Class1 { private static string String1 = "one"; private static string String2 = "two"; public static void PrintStrings(string str1, string str2) { ... All the variables are static across all instances, so there is no point having separate instances of the class. Is there any reason to create a class such as this?

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  • How to synchronize static method in java.

    - by Summer_More_More_Tea
    Hi there: I come up with this question when implementing singleton pattern in Java. Even though the example listed blow is not my real code, yet very similar to the original one. public class ConnectionFactory{ private static ConnectionFactory instance; public static synchronized ConnectionFactory getInstance(){ if( instance == null ){ instance = new ConnectionFactory(); } return instance; } private ConnectionFactory(){ // private constructor implementation } } Because I'm not quite sure about the behavior of a static synchronized method, I get some suggestion from google -- do not have (or as less as possible) multiple static synchronized methods in the same class. I guess when implementing static synchronized method, a lock belongs to Class object is used so that multiple static synchronized methods may degrade performance of the system. Am I right? or JVM use other mechanism to implement static synchronized method? What's the best practice if I have to implement multiple static synchronized methods in a class? Thank you all! Kind regards!

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  • Java: refactoring static constants

    - by akf
    We are in the process of refactoring some code. There is a feature that we have developed in one project that we would like to now use in other projects. We are extracting the foundation of this feature and making it a full-fledged project which can then be imported by its current project and others. This effort has been relatively straight-forward but we have one headache. When the framework in question was originally developed, we chose to keep a variety of constant values defined as static fields in a single class. Over time this list of static members grew. The class is used in very many places in our code. In our current refactoring, we will be elevating some of the members of this class to our new framework, but leaving others in place. Our headache is in extracting the foundation members of this class to be used in our new project, and more specifically, how we should address those extracted members in our existing code. We know that we can have our existing Constants class subclass this new project's Constants class and it would inherit all of the parent's static members. This would allow us to effect the change without touching the code that uses these members to change the class name on the static reference. However, the tight coupling inherent in this choice doesn't feel right. before: public class ConstantsA { public static final String CONSTANT1 = "constant.1"; public static final String CONSTANT2 = "constant.2"; public static final String CONSTANT3 = "constant.3"; } after: public class ConstantsA extends ConstantsB { public static final String CONSTANT1 = "constant.1"; } public class ConstantsB { public static final String CONSTANT2 = "constant.2"; public static final String CONSTANT3 = "constant.3"; } In our existing code branch, all of the above would be accessible in this manner: ConstantsA.CONSTANT2 I would like to solicit arguments about whether this is 'acceptable' and/or what the best practices are.

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  • How good idea is it to use code contracts in Visual Studio 2010 Professional (ie. no static checking

    - by Lasse V. Karlsen
    I create class libraries, some which are used by others around the world, and now that I'm starting to use Visual Studio 2010 I'm wondering how good idea it is for me to switch to using code contracts, instead of regular old-style if-statements. ie. instead of this: if (String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fileName)) throw new ArgumentNullException("fileName"); (yes, I know, if it is whitespace, it isn't strictly null) use this: Contract.Requires(!String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fileName)); The reason I'm asking is that I know that the static checker is not available to me, so I'm a bit nervous about some assumptions that I make, that the compiler cannot verify. This might lead to the class library not compiling for someone that downloads it, when they have the static checker. This, coupled with the fact that I cannot even reproduce the problem, would make it tiresome to fix, and I would gather that it doesn't speak volumes to the quality of my class library if it seemingly doesn't even compile out of the box. So I have a few questions: Is the static checker on by default if you have access to it? Or is there a setting I need to switch on in the class library (and since I don't have the static checker, I won't) Are my fears unwarranted? Is the above scenario a real problem? Any advice would be welcome.

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  • What does static and IOException mean?

    - by Brian
    I just had a test on java and we had to give the definition of 1) Static: 2) IOExcepion: What I said for static was...a static method is used to define a method as a class method. And I got it wrong so I asked my teacher and he said he wants the actually definition of static not a static method, class or variable just static. Can someone tell me the definition of this and for IOException please Thanks.

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  • Performance side effect with static internal Util classes?

    - by Fostah
    For a util class that contains a bunch of static functionality that's related to the same component, but has different purposes, I like to use static internal classes to organize the functionality, like so: class ComponentUtil { static class Layout { static int calculateX(/* ... */) { // ... } static int calculateY(/* ... */) { // ... } } static class Process { static int doThis(/* ... */) { // ... } static int doThat(/* ... */) { // ... } } } Is there any performance degradation using these internal classes vs. just having all the functionality in the Util class?

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  • How do I access static variables in an enum class without a class instance?

    - by krick
    I have some code that processes fixed length data records. I've defined the record structures using java enums. I've boiled it down the the simplest example possible to illustrate the hoops that I currently have to jump through to get access to a static variable inside the enum. Is there a better way to get at this variable that I'm overlooking? If you compile and run the code, it just prints out "3". Note: the "code" tag doesn't seem to want to format this properly, but it should compile. class EnumTest { private interface RecordLayout { public int length(); } private enum RecordType1 implements RecordLayout { FIELD1 (2), FIELD2 (1), ; private int length; private RecordType1(int length) { this.length = length; } public int length() { return length; } public static int LEN = 3; } private static <E extends Enum<E> & RecordLayout> String parse(String data, Class<E> record) { // ugly hack to get at LEN... try { int len = record.getField("LEN").getInt(record); System.out.println(len); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } String results = ""; for (E field: record.getEnumConstants()) { // do some stuff with the fields } return results; } public static void main(String args[]) { parse("ABC", RecordType1.class); } }

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  • Getting Started with TypeScript – Classes, Static Types and Interfaces

    - by dwahlin
    I had the opportunity to speak on different JavaScript topics at DevConnections in Las Vegas this fall and heard a lot of interesting comments about JavaScript as I talked with people. The most frequent comment I heard from people was, “I guess it’s time to start learning JavaScript”. Yep – if you don’t already know JavaScript then it’s time to learn it. As HTML5 becomes more and more popular the amount of JavaScript code written will definitely increase. After all, many of the HTML5 features available in browsers have little to do with “tags” and more to do with JavaScript (web workers, web sockets, canvas, local storage, etc.). As the amount of JavaScript code being used in applications increases, it’s more important than ever to structure the code in a way that’s maintainable and easy to debug. While JavaScript patterns can certainly be used (check out my previous posts on the subject or my course on Pluralsight.com), several alternatives have come onto the scene such as CoffeeScript, Dart and TypeScript. In this post I’ll describe some of the features TypeScript offers and the benefits that they can potentially offer enterprise-scale JavaScript applications. It’s important to note that while TypeScript has several great features, it’s definitely not for everyone or every project especially given how new it is. The goal of this post isn’t to convince you to use TypeScript instead of standard JavaScript….I’m a big fan of JavaScript. Instead, I’ll present several TypeScript features and let you make the decision as to whether TypeScript is a good fit for your applications. TypeScript Overview Here’s the official definition of TypeScript from the http://typescriptlang.org site: “TypeScript is a language for application-scale JavaScript development. TypeScript is a typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. Any browser. Any host. Any OS. Open Source.” TypeScript was created by Anders Hejlsberg (the creator of the C# language) and his team at Microsoft. To sum it up, TypeScript is a new language that can be compiled to JavaScript much like alternatives such as CoffeeScript or Dart. It isn’t a stand-alone language that’s completely separate from JavaScript’s roots though. It’s a superset of JavaScript which means that standard JavaScript code can be placed in a TypeScript file (a file with a .ts extension) and used directly. That’s a very important point/feature of the language since it means you can use existing code and frameworks with TypeScript without having to do major code conversions to make it all work. Once a TypeScript file is saved it can be compiled to JavaScript using TypeScript’s tsc.exe compiler tool or by using a variety of editors/tools. TypeScript offers several key features. First, it provides built-in type support meaning that you define variables and function parameters as being “string”, “number”, “bool”, and more to avoid incorrect types being assigned to variables or passed to functions. Second, TypeScript provides a way to write modular code by directly supporting class and module definitions and it even provides support for custom interfaces that can be used to drive consistency. Finally, TypeScript integrates with several different tools such as Visual Studio, Sublime Text, Emacs, and Vi to provide syntax highlighting, code help, build support, and more depending on the editor. Find out more about editor support at http://www.typescriptlang.org/#Download. TypeScript can also be used with existing JavaScript frameworks such as Node.js, jQuery, and others and even catch type issues and provide enhanced code help. Special “declaration” files that have a d.ts extension are available for Node.js, jQuery, and other libraries out-of-the-box. Visit http://typescript.codeplex.com/SourceControl/changeset/view/fe3bc0bfce1f#samples%2fjquery%2fjquery.d.ts for an example of a jQuery TypeScript declaration file that can be used with tools such as Visual Studio 2012 to provide additional code help and ensure that a string isn’t passed to a parameter that expects a number. Although declaration files certainly aren’t required, TypeScript’s support for declaration files makes it easier to catch issues upfront while working with existing libraries such as jQuery. In the future I expect TypeScript declaration files will be released for different HTML5 APIs such as canvas, local storage, and others as well as some of the more popular JavaScript libraries and frameworks. Getting Started with TypeScript To get started learning TypeScript visit the TypeScript Playground available at http://www.typescriptlang.org. Using the playground editor you can experiment with TypeScript code, get code help as you type, and see the JavaScript that TypeScript generates once it’s compiled. Here’s an example of the TypeScript playground in action:   One of the first things that may stand out to you about the code shown above is that classes can be defined in TypeScript. This makes it easy to group related variables and functions into a container which helps tremendously with re-use and maintainability especially in enterprise-scale JavaScript applications. While you can certainly simulate classes using JavaScript patterns (note that ECMAScript 6 will support classes directly), TypeScript makes it quite easy especially if you come from an object-oriented programming background. An example of the Greeter class shown in the TypeScript Playground is shown next: class Greeter { greeting: string; constructor (message: string) { this.greeting = message; } greet() { return "Hello, " + this.greeting; } } Looking through the code you’ll notice that static types can be defined on variables and parameters such as greeting: string, that constructors can be defined, and that functions can be defined such as greet(). The ability to define static types is a key feature of TypeScript (and where its name comes from) that can help identify bugs upfront before even running the code. Many types are supported including primitive types like string, number, bool, undefined, and null as well as object literals and more complex types such as HTMLInputElement (for an <input> tag). Custom types can be defined as well. The JavaScript output by compiling the TypeScript Greeter class (using an editor like Visual Studio, Sublime Text, or the tsc.exe compiler) is shown next: var Greeter = (function () { function Greeter(message) { this.greeting = message; } Greeter.prototype.greet = function () { return "Hello, " + this.greeting; }; return Greeter; })(); Notice that the code is using JavaScript prototyping and closures to simulate a Greeter class in JavaScript. The body of the code is wrapped with a self-invoking function to take the variables and functions out of the global JavaScript scope. This is important feature that helps avoid naming collisions between variables and functions. In cases where you’d like to wrap a class in a naming container (similar to a namespace in C# or a package in Java) you can use TypeScript’s module keyword. The following code shows an example of wrapping an AcmeCorp module around the Greeter class. In order to create a new instance of Greeter the module name must now be used. This can help avoid naming collisions that may occur with the Greeter class.   module AcmeCorp { export class Greeter { greeting: string; constructor (message: string) { this.greeting = message; } greet() { return "Hello, " + this.greeting; } } } var greeter = new AcmeCorp.Greeter("world"); In addition to being able to define custom classes and modules in TypeScript, you can also take advantage of inheritance by using TypeScript’s extends keyword. The following code shows an example of using inheritance to define two report objects:   class Report { name: string; constructor (name: string) { this.name = name; } print() { alert("Report: " + this.name); } } class FinanceReport extends Report { constructor (name: string) { super(name); } print() { alert("Finance Report: " + this.name); } getLineItems() { alert("5 line items"); } } var report = new FinanceReport("Month's Sales"); report.print(); report.getLineItems();   In this example a base Report class is defined that has a variable (name), a constructor that accepts a name parameter of type string, and a function named print(). The FinanceReport class inherits from Report by using TypeScript’s extends keyword. As a result, it automatically has access to the print() function in the base class. In this example the FinanceReport overrides the base class’s print() method and adds its own. The FinanceReport class also forwards the name value it receives in the constructor to the base class using the super() call. TypeScript also supports the creation of custom interfaces when you need to provide consistency across a set of objects. The following code shows an example of an interface named Thing (from the TypeScript samples) and a class named Plane that implements the interface to drive consistency across the app. Notice that the Plane class includes intersect and normal as a result of implementing the interface.   interface Thing { intersect: (ray: Ray) => Intersection; normal: (pos: Vector) => Vector; surface: Surface; } class Plane implements Thing { normal: (pos: Vector) =>Vector; intersect: (ray: Ray) =>Intersection; constructor (norm: Vector, offset: number, public surface: Surface) { this.normal = function (pos: Vector) { return norm; } this.intersect = function (ray: Ray): Intersection { var denom = Vector.dot(norm, ray.dir); if (denom > 0) { return null; } else { var dist = (Vector.dot(norm, ray.start) + offset) / (-denom); return { thing: this, ray: ray, dist: dist }; } } } }   At first glance it doesn’t appear that the surface member is implemented in Plane but it’s actually included automatically due to the public surface: Surface parameter in the constructor. Adding public varName: Type to a constructor automatically adds a typed variable into the class without having to explicitly write the code as with normal and intersect. TypeScript has additional language features but defining static types and creating classes, modules, and interfaces are some of the key features it offers. So is TypeScript right for you and your applications? That’s a not a question that I or anyone else can answer for you. You’ll need to give it a spin to see what you think. In future posts I’ll discuss additional details about TypeScript and how it can be used with enterprise-scale JavaScript applications. In the meantime, I’m in the process of working with John Papa on a new Typescript course for Pluralsight that we hope to have out in December of 2012.

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  • which collaborative tools do you use to communicate between team members

    - by john
    I work for a small company and would like to set up some sort of a collaborative tool so that team members can share thoughts, upload documents...something like sharepoint maybe, but not that suffisticated. Only good option I've seen so far is joomla CMS. Just want to get an opinion of the community on which tools they have used for these purposes. I know this is not programming related but I thought stackoverflow community would be good to get an opinion on this.

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  • Exporting members of all DLs in an OU

    - by Bo Shubinsky
    I'm trying to export all the members of all the DLs within an OU (either to a single file that's categorized or individual files). I tried to use: csvde -f "C:\Documents and Settings\root\Desktop\AD Export\DL Export\DL.txt" -r "OU=DLs,OU=Personnel,DC=csi,DC=org" -l "cn,mail" but that only works for individual DLs and there are a lot to input each time. Any help on getting this done in the most efficient pattern would be helpful.

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  • Managing Static Library project as a module like Framework on iOS project in Xcode4.

    - by Eonil
    (Solution Note, I'll answer immediately) Many people including me trying to make a kind of Static Library framework for iOS to archive some kind of modularity. Framework is best way to do this, but it doesn't provided by Apple, and workarounds don't work well. https://github.com/kstenerud/iOS-Universal-Framework/tree/master/Fake%20Framework/Templates Fake framework cannot be referenced from linking tab in Build Phases. Real framework needs modification of system setting. And still not work smoothly on every parts. Problem is static library need header files, and it's impossible to reference header files on project at another location on different project without some script. And script breaks IDE's file management abstraction. How can I use static library project like a convenient module manner? (just dragging project into another project to complete embedding)

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  • Is there a way to catch a MOUSE_UP Event over a static textfield in Flash?

    - by Jovica Aleksic
    When the user presses the mouse, and releases it over a static textfield with selectable text, no MOUSE_UP event is fired - not on the stage and also nowhere else. I experienced this when using a scrollbar class on a movieclip with a nested static textfield. When the user drags the scroll handle and releases the mouse over the textfield, the dragging/scrolling is stuck. To test this, create a new AS3 fla file, place a static textfield somewhere, and put in some text. Make sure the selectable property is checked in the properties panel. Add this script to the timeline: import flash.events.* function down(event:Event):void { trace('down'); } function up(event:Event):void { trace('up'); } stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, down) stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP, up) Now test the movie and click the mouse. You will notice that trace('up') will not occur when you release the mouse over the textfield.

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  • How to initialize a static const map in c++?

    - by Meloun
    Hi, I need just dictionary or asociative array string = int. There is type map C++ for this case. But I need make one map in my class make for all instances(- static) and this map cannot be changed(- const); I have found this way with boost library std::map<int, char> example = boost::assign::map_list_of(1, 'a') (2, 'b') (3, 'c'); Is there other solution without this lib? I have tried something like this, but there are always some issues with map initialization. class myClass{ private: static map<int,int> create_map() { map<int,int> m; m[1] = 2; m[3] = 4; m[5] = 6; return m; } static map<int,int> myMap = create_map(); } thanks

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