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• Initialisation of Objects Syntax question

  - by Brock Woolf

  When I initialise a struct in C (Node is the struct): struct Node { /* Non-Relevant code */ }; This works: Node *rootNode = new Node(); but so does this: Node *rootNode = new Node; Is there a difference, and what is the difference between using () or not using the brackets? Just off memory, I think the same applies above for C++ object initialisations. What is happening here?

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• Using OpenGL vertex buffers in C++.

  - by Ren

  I've loaded a Wavefront .obj file and drawn it in immediate mode, and it works fine. I'm now trying to draw the same model with a vertex buffer, but I have a question. My model data is organized in the following structures: struct Vert { double x; double y; double z; }; struct Norm { double x; double y; double z; }; struct Texcoord { double u; double v; double w; }; struct Face { unsigned int v[3]; unsigned int n[3]; unsigned int t[3]; }; struct Model { unsigned int vertNumber; unsigned int normNumber; unsigned int texcoordNumber; unsigned int faceNumber; Vert * vertArray; Norm * normArray; Texcoord * texcoordArray; Face * faceArray; }; As it is now, I don't think there is any redundant data, since multiple face structures can point to the same vertex, normal, or texture coordinate. When I make vbo's for the vertex positions, normals, and texture coordinates, and assign data to them with glBufferData, do I have to have make arrays with redundant data so that they will all have the same number of elements in the same order? I'd like to know if there is a simpler way to fill the buffers with the way I already have the model's data organized.

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• How to create a generic C free function .

  - by nomemory

  I have some C structures related to a 'list' data structure. They look like this. struct nmlist_element_s { void *data; struct nmlist_element_s *next; }; typedef struct nmlist_element_s nmlist_element; struct nmlist_s { void (*destructor)(void *data); int (*cmp)(const void *e1, const void *e2); unsigned int size; nmlist_element *head; nmlist_element *tail; }; typedef struct nmlist_s nmlist; This way I can have different data types being hold in "nmlist_element-data" . The "constructor" (in terms of OOP) has the following signature: nmlist *nmlist_alloc(void (*destructor)(void *data)); Where "destructor" is specific function that de-allocated "data" (being hold by the nmlist_element). If I want to have a list containing integers as data, my "destructor" would like this: void int_destructor(void *data) { free((int*)data); } Still i find it rather "unfriendly" for me to write a destructor functions for every simple primitive data type. So is there a trick to write something like this ? (for primitives): void "x"_destructor(void *data, "x") { free(("x" *)data); } PS: I am not a macro fan myself, and in my short experience regarding C, i don't use them, unless necessary.

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• iphone problem receiving UDP packets

  - by SooDesuNe

  I'm using sendto() and recvfrom() to send some simple packets via UDP over WiFI. I've tried using two phones, and a simulator, the results I'm getting are: Packets sent from phones - recieved by simulator Packets sent from simulator - simulator recvfrom remains blocking. Packets sent from phones - other phone recvfrom remains blocking. I'm not sure how to start debugging this one, since the simulator/mac is able to receive the the packets, but the phones don't appear to be getting the message. A slight aside, do I need to keep my packets below the MTU for my network? Or is fragmentation handled by the OS or some other lower level software? UPDATE: I forgot to include the packet size and structure. I'm transmitting: typedef struct PacketForTransmission { int32_t packetTypeIdentifier; char data[64]; // size to fit my biggest struct } PacketForTransmission; of which the char data[64] is: typedef struct PacketHeader{ uint32_t identifier; uint32_t datatype; } PacketHeader; typedef struct BasePacket{ PacketHeader header; int32_t cardValue; char sendingDeviceID[41]; //dont forget to save room for the NULL terminator! } BasePacket; typedef struct PositionPacket{ BasePacket basePacket; int32_t x; int32_t y; } PositionPacket; sending packet is like: PositionPacket packet; bzero(&packet, sizeof(packet)); //fill packet with it's associated data PacketForTransmission transmissionPacket; transmissionPacket.packetTypeIdentifier = kPositionPacketType; memcpy(&transmissionPacket.data, (void*)&packet, sizeof(packet)); //put the PositionPacket into data[64] size_t sendResult = sendto(_socket, &transmissionPacket, sizeof(transmissionPacket), 0, [address bytes], [address length]); NSLog(@"packet sent of size: %i", sendResult); and recieving packets is like: while(1){ char dataBuffer[8192]; struct sockaddr addr; socklen_t socklen = sizeof(addr); ssize_t len = recvfrom(_socket, dataBuffer, sizeof(dataBuffer), 0, &addr, &socklen); //continues blocking here NSLog(@"packet recieved of length: %i", len); //do some more stuff }

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• C++, how implicit conversion/constructor are determined?

  - by aaa

  hello How does C++ determine implicit conversion/construction of objects few levels deep? for example: struct A; struct B: A {}; struct C { operator B(); } void f(A a); f(C()); Does it create tree of all possible conversions and chooses appropriate terminal? Something else? Thanks

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• C++ Virtual Constructor, without clone()

  - by Julien L.

  I want to perform "deep copies" of an STL container of pointers to polymorphic classes. I know about the Prototype design pattern, implemented by means of the Virtual Ctor Idiom, as explained in the C++ FAQ Lite, Item 20.8. It is simple and straightforward: struct ABC // Abstract Base Class { virtual ~ABC() {} virtual ABC * clone() = 0; }; struct D1 : public ABC { virtual D1 * clone() { return new D1( *this ); } // Covariant Return Type }; A deep copy is then: for( i = 0; i < oldVector.size(); ++i ) newVector.push_back( oldVector[i]->clone() ); Drawbacks As Andrei Alexandrescu states it: The clone() implementation must follow the same pattern in all derived classes; in spite of its repetitive structure, there is no reasonable way to automate defining the clone() member function (beyond macros, that is). Moreover, clients of ABC can possibly do something bad. (I mean, nothing prevents clients to do something bad, so, it will happen.) Better design? My question is: is there another way to make an abstract base class clonable without requiring derived classes to write clone-related code? (Helper class? Templates?) Following is my context. Hopefully, it will help understanding my question. I am designing a class hierarchy to perform operations on a class Image: struct ImgOp { virtual ~ImgOp() {} bool run( Image & ) = 0; }; Image operations are user-defined: clients of the class hierarchy will implement their own classes derived from ImgOp: struct CheckImageSize : public ImgOp { std::size_t w, h; bool run( Image &i ) { return w==i.width() && h==i.height(); } }; struct CheckImageResolution; struct RotateImage; ... Multiple operations can be performed sequentially on an image: bool do_operations( std::vector< ImgOp* > v, Image &i ) { std::for_each( v.begin(), v.end(), /* bind2nd(mem_fun(&ImgOp::run), i ...) don't remember syntax */ ); } int main( ... ) { std::vector< ImgOp* > v; v.push_back( new CheckImageSize ); v.push_back( new CheckImageResolution ); v.push_back( new RotateImage ); Image i; do_operations( v, i ); } If there are multiple images, the set can be split and shared over several threads. To ensure "thread-safety", each thread must have its own copy of all operation objects contained in v -- v becomes a prototype to be deep copied in each thread.

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• Using netlink to obtain arp entries only returns stale entries

  - by Ben

  I'm currently trying to retrieve reachable neighbors from the arp table in a user space program written in c. I've looked through the source code to the "ip neigh" command (ipneigh.c) and it appears that I should use the flag NUD_REACHABLE. struct { struct nlmsghdr n; struct ndmsg r; } req; memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req)); req.n.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(struct ndmsg)); req.n.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_ROOT; req.n.nlmsg_type = RTM_GETNEIGH; req.r.ndm_state = NUD_REACHABLE; However, when I look at the data returned from the kernel, I only have stale entries. In fact, no matter what I put for req.r.ndm_state it seems to return only entries marked as stale by ip neigh. The remainder of my code is modeled after this example: http://linux-hacks.blogspot.com/2009/01/sample-code-to-learn-netlink.html

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• Overlapping template partial specialization when wanting an "override" case: how to avoid the error?

  - by user173342

  I'm dealing with a pretty simple template struct that has an enum value set by whether its 2 template parameters are the same type or not. template<typename T, typename U> struct is_same { enum { value = 0 }; }; template<typename T> struct is_same<T, T> { enum { value = 1 }; }; This is part of a library (Eigen), so I can't alter this design without breaking it. When value == 0, a static assert aborts compilation. So I have a special numerical templated class SpecialCase that can do ops with different specializations of itself. So I set up an override like this: template<typename T> struct SpecialCase { ... }; template<typename LT, typename RT> struct is_same<SpecialCase<LT>, SpecialCase<RT>> { enum { value = 1 }; }; However, this throws the error: more than one partial specialization matches the template argument list Now, I understand why. It's the case where LT == RT, which steps on the toes of is_same<T, T>. What I don't know is how to keep my SpecialCase override and get rid of the error. Is there a trick to get around this? edit: To clarify, I need all cases where LT != RT to also be considered the same (have value 1). Not just LT == RT.

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• Help with data retrieval MACRO

  - by Andrei Ciobanu

  Hello, given the following structure: struct nmslist_elem_s { nmptr data; struct nmslist_elem_s *next; }; typedef struct nmslist_elem_s nmslist_elem; Where: typedef void* nmptr; Is it possible to write a MACRO that retrieves the data from the element and cast it to the right type: MACRO(type, element) that expands to *((type*)element->data). For example for int, i would need something like this: *((int*)(element->data)) .

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• Question on ExtAudioFileRead and AudioBuffer for iPhone SDK

  - by backspacer

  I'm developing an iPhone app that uses the Extended Audio File Services. I try to use ExtAudioFileRead to read the audio file, and store the data in an AudioBufferList structure. AudioBufferList is defined as: struct AudioBufferList { UInt32 mNumberBuffers; AudioBuffer mBuffers[1]; }; typedef struct AudioBufferList AudioBufferList; and AudioBuffer is defined as struct AudioBuffer { UInt32 mNumberChannels; UInt32 mDataByteSize; void* mData; }; typedef struct AudioBuffer AudioBuffer; I want to manipulate the mData but I wonder what does the void* mean. Why is it void*? How can I decide what data type is actually stored in mData?

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• Expand chaining hashtable. Errors on code.

  - by FILIaS

  Expanding a hashtable with linked lists there are some errors and warnings. I wanna make sure that the following code is right (expand method) and find out what happens that raise these warnings/errors typedef struct { int length; struct List *head; struct List *tail; } HashTable; //resolving collisions using linked lists - chaining typedef struct { char *number; char *name; int time; struct List *next; }List; //on the insert method i wanna check hashtable's size, //if it seems appropriate there is the following code: //Note: hashtable variable is: Hashtable * ...... hashtable = expand(hashtable,number,name,time); /**WARNING**:assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast*/ HashTable* expand( HashTable* h ,char number[10],char* name,int time) /**error**: conflicting types for ‘expand’ previous implicit declaration of ‘expand’ was here*/ { HashTable* new; int n; clientsList *node,*next; PrimesIndex++; int new_size= primes[PrimesIndex]; /* double the size,odd length */ if (!(new=malloc((sizeof( List*))*new_size))) return NULL; for(n=0; n< h->length; ++n) { for(node=h[n].head; node; node=next) { add (&new, node->number, node->name,node->time); next=node->next;//// free(node); } } free(h); return new; }

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• Sharing runtime variables between files

  - by nightcracker

  I have a project with a few files that all include the header global.hpp. Those files want to share and update information that is relevant for the whole program during runtime (that data is gathered progressively during the program runs but the fields of data are known at compile-time). Now my idea was to use a struct like this: global.hpp #include <string> #ifndef _GLOBAL_SESSION_STRUCT #define _GLOBAL_SESSION_STRUCT struct session_struct { std::string username; std::string password; std::string hostname; unsigned short port; // more data fields as needed }; #endif extern struct session_struct session; main.cpp #include "global.hpp" struct session_struct session; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { session.username = "user"; session.password = "secret"; session.hostname = "example.com"; session.port = 80; // other stuff, etc return 0; } Now every file that includes global.hpp can just read & write the fields of the session struct and easily share information. Is this the correct way to do this? NOTE: For this specific project no threading is used. But please (for future projects and other people reading) clarify in your answer how this (or your proposed) solution works when threaded. Also, for this example/project session variables are shared. But this should also apply to any other form of shared variables.

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• bubble sort on array of c structures not sorting properly

  - by xmpirate

  I have the following program for books record and I want to sort the records on name of book. the code isn't showing any error but it's not sorting all the records. #include "stdio.h" #include "string.h" #define SIZE 5 struct books{ //define struct char name[100],author[100]; int year,copies; }; struct books book1[SIZE],book2[SIZE],*pointer; //define struct vars void sort(struct books *,int); //define sort func main() { int i; char c; for(i=0;i<SIZE;i++) //scanning values { gets(book1[i].name); gets(book1[i].author); scanf("%d%d",&book1[i].year,&book1[i].copies); while((c = getchar()) != '\n' && c != EOF); } pointer=book1; sort(pointer,SIZE); //sort call i=0; //printing values while(i<SIZE) { printf("##########################################################################\n"); printf("Book: %s\nAuthor: %s\nYear of Publication: %d\nNo of Copies: %d\n",book1[i].name,book1[i].author,book1[i].year,book1[i].copies); printf("##########################################################################\n"); i++; } } void sort(struct books *pointer,int n) { int i,j,sorted=0; struct books temp; for(i=0;(i<n-1)&&(sorted==0);i++) //bubble sort on the book name { sorted=1; for(j=0;j<n-i-1;j++) { if(strcmp((*pointer).name,(*(pointer+1)).name)>0) { //copy to temp val strcpy(temp.name,(*pointer).name); strcpy(temp.author,(*pointer).author); temp.year=(*pointer).year; temp.copies=(*pointer).copies; //copy next val strcpy((*pointer).name,(*(pointer+1)).name); strcpy((*pointer).author,(*(pointer+1)).author); (*pointer).year=(*(pointer+1)).year; (*pointer).copies=(*(pointer+1)).copies; //copy back temp val strcpy((*(pointer+1)).name,temp.name); strcpy((*(pointer+1)).author,temp.author); (*(pointer+1)).year=temp.year; (*(pointer+1)).copies=temp.copies; sorted=0; } *pointer++; } } } My Imput The C Programming Language X Y Z 1934 56 Inferno Dan Brown 1993 453 harry Potter and the soccers stone J K Rowling 2012 150 Ruby On Rails jim aurther nil 2004 130 Learn Python Easy Way gmaps4rails 1967 100 And the output ########################################################################## Book: Inferno Author: Dan Brown Year of Publication: 1993 No of Copies: 453 ########################################################################## ########################################################################## Book: The C Programming Language Author: X Y Z Year of Publication: 1934 No of Copies: 56 ########################################################################## ########################################################################## Book: Ruby On Rails Author: jim aurther nil Year of Publication: 2004 No of Copies: 130 ########################################################################## ########################################################################## Book: Learn Python Easy Way Author: gmaps4rails Year of Publication: 1967 No of Copies: 100 ########################################################################## ########################################################################## Book: Author: Year of Publication: 0 No of Copies: 0 ########################################################################## We can see the above sorting is wrong? What I'm I doing wrong?

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• How to get the size of a binary tree ?

  - by Andrei Ciobanu

  I have a very simple binary tree structure, something like: struct nmbintree_s { unsigned int size; int (*cmp)(const void *e1, const void *e2); void (*destructor)(void *data); nmbintree_node *root; }; struct nmbintree_node_s { void *data; struct nmbintree_node_s *right; struct nmbintree_node_s *left; }; Sometimes i need to extract a 'tree' from another and i need to get the size to the 'extracted tree' in order to update the size of the initial 'tree' . I was thinking on two approaches: 1) Using a recursive function, something like: unsigned int nmbintree_size(struct nmbintree_node* node) { if (node==NULL) { return(0); } return( nmbintree_size(node->left) + nmbintree_size(node->right) + 1 ); } 2) A preorder / inorder / postorder traversal done in an iterative way (using stack / queue) + counting the nodes. What approach do you think is more 'memory failure proof' / performant ? Any other suggestions / tips ? NOTE: I am probably going to use this implementation in the future for small projects of mine. So I don't want to unexpectedly fail :).

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• friend declaration in C++

  - by Happy Mittal

  In Thinking in C++ by Bruce eckel, there is an example given regarding friend functions as // Declaration (incomplete type specification): struct X; struct Y { void f(X*); }; struct X { // Definition private: int i; public: friend void Y::f(X*); // Struct member friend }; void Y::f(X* x) { x->i = 47; } Now he explained this: Notice that Y::f(X*) takes the address of an X object. This is critical because the compiler always knows how to pass an address, which is of a fixed size regardless of the object being passed, even if it doesn’t have full information about the size of the type. If you try to pass the whole object, however, the compiler must see the entire structure definition of X, to know the size and how to pass it, before it allows you to declare a function such as Y::g(X). But when I tried void f(X); as declaration in struct Y, it shows no error. Please explain why?

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• C segmentation fault before/during return statement

  - by wolfPack88

  I print the value that I'm returning right before my return statement, and tell my code to print the value that was returned right after the function call. However, I get a segmentation fault after my first print statement and before my second (also interesting to note, this always happens on the third time the function is called; never the first or the second, never fourth or later). I tried printing out all of the data that I'm working on to see if the rest of my code was doing something it maybe shouldn't, but my data up to that point looks fine. Here's the function: int findHydrogen(struct Amino* amino, int nPos, float* diff, int totRead) { struct Atom* atoms; int* bonds; int numBonds; int i; int retVal; int numAtoms; numAtoms = (*amino).numAtoms; atoms = (struct Atom *) malloc(sizeof(struct Atom) * numAtoms); atoms = (*amino).atoms; numBonds = atoms[nPos].numBonds; bonds = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * numBonds); bonds = atoms[nPos].bonds; for(i = 0; i < (*amino).numAtoms; i++) printf("ATOM\t\t%d %s\t0001\t%f\t%f\t%f\n", i + 1, atoms[i].type, atoms[i].x, atoms[i].y, atoms[i].z); for(i = 0; i < numBonds; i++) if(atoms[bonds[i] - totRead].type[0] == 'H') { diff[0] = atoms[bonds[i] - totRead].x - atoms[nPos].x; diff[1] = atoms[bonds[i] - totRead].y - atoms[nPos].y; diff[2] = atoms[bonds[i] - totRead].z - atoms[nPos].z; retVal = bonds[i] - totRead; bonds = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int)); free(bonds); atoms = (struct Atom *) malloc(sizeof(struct Atom)); free(atoms); printf("2 %d\n", retVal); return retVal; } } As I mentioned before, it works fine the first two times I run it, the third time it prints the correct value of retVal, then seg faults somewhere before it gets to where I called the function, which I do as: hPos = findHydrogen((&aminoAcid[i]), nPos, diff, totRead); printf("%d\n", hPos);

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• boost::enable_if class template method

  - by aaa

  I got class with template methods that looks at this: struct undefined {}; template<typename T> struct is_undefined : mpl::false_ {}; template<> struct is_undefined<undefined> : mpl::true_ {}; template<class C> struct foo { template<class F, class V> typename boost::disable_if<is_undefined<C> >::type apply(const F &f, const V &variables) { } template<class F, class V> typename boost::enable_if<is_undefined<C> >::type apply(const F &f, const V &variables) { } }; apparently, both templates are instantiated, resulting in compile time error. is instantiation of template methods different from instantiation of free functions? I have fixed this differently, but I would like to know what is up. Thank you

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• Passing an array of structs in C

  - by lelouch

  I'm having trouble passing an array of structs to a function in C. I've created the struct like this in main: int main() { struct Items { char code[10]; char description[30]; int stock; }; struct Items MyItems[10]; } I then access it like: MyItems[0].stock = 10; etc. I want to pass it to a function like so: ReadFile(MyItems); The function should read the array, and be able to edit it. Then I should be able to access the same array from other functions. I've tried heaps of declarations but none of them work. e.g. void ReadFile(struct Items[10]) I've had a look around for other questions, but the thing is they're all done different, with typedefs and asterisks. My teacher hasn't taught us pointers yet, so I'd like to do it with what I know. Any ideas? :S EDIT: Salvatore's answer is working after I fixed my prototype to: void ReadFile(struct Items[9]);

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• Query about running a program through valgrind and getting false results comparing to other systems.

  - by FILIaS

  Yesterday i posted this: What's the problem with this code? [hashtable in C] and paxdiablo offered to help me. He posted a sample of code and asked me to run it through valgrind on my machine. This code normally generates: 12,4 But on my machine, i get 24,8. The doubled! I'm just curious why is that happening. Hope sb has a good explaination. I post also paxdiablo's code (for anyone who cant find it.) #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct HashTable { int size ; struct List *head; struct List *tail; } HashTable; typedef struct List { char *number; char *name; int time; struct List *next; } List; #define size_of_table 211 HashTable *createHashTable(void) { HashTable *new_table = malloc(sizeof(*new_table)*size_of_table); //line 606 printf ("%d\n", sizeof(*new_table)); printf ("%d\n", sizeof(new_table)); if (new_table == NULL) { return NULL; } int i=0; for(i; i<size_of_table; i++) { new_table[i].size=0; new_table[i].head=NULL; new_table[i].tail=NULL; } return new_table; } int main(void) { HashTable *x = createHashTable(); free (x); return 0; }

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• Check if a type is an instantiation of a template

  - by Pedro Lacerda

  I have structs like struct RGBA (T) {/* ... */} struct BMPFile (DataT) if (is(DataT == RGBA)) {/* ... */} But is(DataT == RGBA) cannot work because DataT is a type and RGBA is a template. Instead I need check if a type is an instantiation of a template in order to declare file like BMPFile!(RGBA!ushort) file; In a comment @FeepingCreature showed struct RGBA(T) { alias void isRGBAStruct; } struct BMPFile (DataT) if (is(DataT.isRGBAStruct)) {} Although to be working I have no tips on alias void isRGBAStruct.

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• inode_operations , warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type

  - by djTeller

  Hi everyone, I'm trying to compile a simple Kernel program that read and write from a proc file. I'm trying to set permission to that file by overriding the permission fp in inode_operations struct (.permission) static int module_permission(struct inode *inode, int op, struct nameidata *foo) { . . . } static struct inode_operations Inode_Ops_4_Our_Proc_File = { .permission = module_permission, /* check for permissions */ }; Our_Proc_File->proc_iops = &Inode_Ops_4_Our_Proc_File; For some reason, when I compile this i get - warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type on the following line: .permission = module_permission, /* check for permissions */ Any idea how to solve this? Thanks!

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• Creating object/array to method in request based on __gettypes in PHP

  - by LochNess

  I'm having trouble with the array or object that should be passed based on the response from __gettypes. The __gettypes response: [0] => struct CDataWrapper { schema;any; } [1] => struct NewMember { MemberDetail MemberDetails;ArrayOfHobby Hobbies; } [2] => struct MemberDetail { string Name; string Age; string Sex; } [3] => struct ArrayOfHobby { Hobby Hobby; } [4] => struct Hobby { string Name; string HoursUsedOnHobbyWeekly;boolean Favourite; } ... etc. The methods are: [0] => ReceiveMemberResponse ReceiveMember(ReceiveMember $parameters) [1] => ReturnMemberResponse ReturnMember(ReturnMember $parameters) So far I have this PHP: $client = new SoapClient('http://domain.com?wsdl'); class MemberDetail { public $Name = ''; public $Age = ''; public $Sex = ''; } $mc = new MemberDetail(); $mc->Name= 'Bob'; $mc->Age= '14'; $mc->Sex= 'Male'; $myParam = array('ReceiveMember'=>$mc); $wcf = $client->ReceiveMember($myParam); $wcfResult = $wcf->ReturnMember; print_r($wcfResult) when i call the page it returns: Error 324 (net::ERR_EMPTY_RESPONSE): Unknown error. I'm not really sure how to create the array or object to pass on as $myParam since im no expert with PHP either.

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• How i store the images pixels in matrix form?

  - by Rajendra Bhole

  Hi, I developing an application in which the pixelize image i want to be store in matrix format. The code is as follows. struct pixel { //unsigned char r, g, b,a; Byte r, g, b; int count; }; (NSInteger) processImage1: (UIImage*) image { // Allocate a buffer big enough to hold all the pixels struct pixel* pixels = (struct pixel*) calloc(1, image.size.width * image.size.height * sizeof(struct pixel)); if (pixels != nil) { // Create a new bitmap CGContextRef context = CGBitmapContextCreate( (void*) pixels, image.size.width, image.size.height, 8, image.size.width * 4, CGImageGetColorSpace(image.CGImage), kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast ); NSLog(@"1=%d, 2=%d, 3=%d", CGImageGetBitsPerComponent(image), CGImageGetBitsPerPixel(image),CGImageGetBytesPerRow(image)); if (context != NULL) { // Draw the image in the bitmap CGContextDrawImage(context, CGRectMake(0.0f, 0.0f, image.size.width, image.size.height), image.CGImage); NSUInteger numberOfPixels = image.size.width * image.size.height; I confusing about how to initialize the 2-D matrix in which the matrix store data of pixels.

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• Problem with incomplete type while trying to detect existence of a member function

  - by abir

  I was trying to detect existence of a member function for a class where the function tries to use an incomplete type. The typedef is struct foo; typedef std::allocator<foo> foo_alloc; The detection code is struct has_alloc { template<typename U,U x> struct dummy; template<typename U> static char check(dummy<void* (U::*)(std::size_t),&U::allocate>*); template<typename U> static char (&check(...))[2]; const static bool value = (sizeof(check<foo_alloc>(0)) == 1); }; So far I was using incomplete type foo with std::allocator without any error on VS2008. However when I replaced it with nearly an identical implementation as template<typename T> struct allocator { T* allocate(std::size_t n) { return (T*)operator new (sizeof(T)*n); } }; it gives an error saying that as T is incomplete type it has problem instantiating allocator<foo> because allocate uses sizeof. GCC 4.5 with std::allocator also gives the error, so it seems during detection process the class need to be completely instantiated, even when I am not using that function at all. What I was looking for is void* allocate(std::size_t) which is different from T* allocate(std::size_t). My questions are (I have three questions, but as they are correlated , so I thought it is better not to create three separate questions). Why MS std::allocator doesn't check for incomplete type foo while instantiating? Are they following any trick which can be implemented ? Why the compiler need to instantiate allocator<T> to check the existence of the function when sizeof is not used as sfinae mechanism to remove/add allocate in the overload resolutions set? It should be noted that, if I remove the generic implementation of allocate leaving the declaration only, and specialized it for foo afterwards such as struct foo{}; template< struct allocator { foo* allocate(std::size_t n) { return (foo*)operator new (sizeof(foo)*n); } }; after struct has_alloc it compiles in GCC 4.5 while gives error in VS2008 as allocator<T> is already instantiated and explicit specialization for allocator<foo> already defined. Is it legal to use nested types for an std::allocator of incomplete type such as typedef foo_alloc::pointer foo_pointer; ? Though it is practically working for me, I suspect the nested types such as pointer may depend on completeness of type it takes. It will be good to know if there is any possible way to typedef such types as foo_pointer where the type pointer depends on completeness of foo. NOTE : As the code is not copy paste from editor, it may have some syntax error. Will correct it if I find any. Also the codes (such as allocator) are not complete implementation, I simplified and typed only the portion which I think useful for this particular problem.

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• Writing a printList method for a Scheme interpreter in C

  - by Rehan Rasool

  I am new to C and working on making an interpreter for Scheme. I am trying to get a suitable printList method to traverse through the structure. The program takes in an input like: (a (b c)) and internally represent it as: [""][ ][ ]--> [""][ ][/] | | ["A"][/][/] [""][ ][ ]--> [""][ ][/] | | ["B"][/][/] ["C"][/][/] Right now, I just want the program to take in the input, make the appropriate cell structure internally and print out the cell structure, thereby getting (a (b c)) at the end. Here is my struct: typedef struct conscell *List; struct conscell { char symbol; struct conscell *first; struct conscell *rest; }; void printList(char token[20]){ List current = S_Expression(token, 0); printf("("); printf("First Value? %c \n", current->first->symbol); printf("Second value? %c \n", current->rest->first->first->symbol); printf("Third value? %c \n", current->rest->first->rest->first->symbol); printf(")"); } In the main method, I get the first token and call: printList(token); I tested the values again for the sublists and I think it is working. However, I will need a method to traverse through the whole structure. Please look at my printList code again. The print calls are what I have to type, to manually get the (a (b c)) list values. So I get this output: First value? a First value? b First value? c It is what I want, but I want a method to do it using a loop, no matter how complex the structure is, also adding brackets where appropriate, so in the end, I should get: (a (b c)) which is the same as the input. Can anyone please help me with this?

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