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• Restricting memory area for linux kernel

  - by user1066789

  I am running ltib linux on P1022RDK (P1022 Core) platform. I have 512 MB = 0x20000000 memory. I want my linux kernel to use second half of the board memory (i.e from 256 MB to 512 MB) and want first half of memory to be reserved for some other purpose. For this I am building linux kernel using ltib. For that purpose I am setting following kernel configuration. Please suggest if I am doing it the right way. CONFIG_LOWMEM_SIZE = 0x10000000 # 256 MB CONFIG_PHYSICAL_START = 0x10000000 # Starting from 256MB (second half of memory) On the Uboot I am loading the kernel as following way setenv loadaddr 0x11000000 # Kernel base = 0x10000000 + 0x01000000 (offset) setenv fdtaddr 0x10c00000 # Kernel base = 0x10000000 + 0x00c00000 (offset) bootm $loadaddr - $fdtaddr My kernel Load address is 0x10000000 & kernel entry point is 0x10000000 Doing above configuration / steps my kernel stuck at following on Uboot ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 11000000 ... Image Name: Linux-2.6.32.13 Image Type: PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed) Data Size: 3352851 Bytes = 3.2 MB Load Address: 10000000 Entry Point: 10000000 Verifying Checksum ... OK ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 10c00000 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x10c00000 Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK ================ >> It should uncompress FDT here & continue ============== Any thoughts ?

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• Restricting memory area for linux kernel

  - by user1066789

  I am running ltib linux on P1022RDK (P1022 Core) platform. I have 512 MB = 0x20000000 memory. I want my linux kernel to use second half of the board memory (i.e from 256 MB to 512 MB) and want first half of memory to be reserved for some other purpose. For this I am building linux kernel using ltib. For that purpose I am setting following kernel configuration. Please suggest if I am doing it the right way. CONFIG_LOWMEM_SIZE = 0x10000000 # 256 MB CONFIG_PHYSICAL_START = 0x10000000 # Starting from 256MB (second half of memory) On the Uboot I am loading the kernel as following way setenv loadaddr 0x11000000 # Kernel base = 0x10000000 + 0x01000000 (offset) setenv fdtaddr 0x10c00000 # Kernel base = 0x10000000 + 0x00c00000 (offset) bootm $loadaddr - $fdtaddr My kernel Load address is 0x10000000 & kernel entry point is 0x10000000 Doing above configuration / steps my kernel stuck at following on Uboot ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 11000000 ... Image Name: Linux-2.6.32.13 Image Type: PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed) Data Size: 3352851 Bytes = 3.2 MB Load Address: 10000000 Entry Point: 10000000 Verifying Checksum ... OK ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 10c00000 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x10c00000 Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK ================ It should uncompress FDT here & continue ============== Any thoughts ?

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• How can I find files added to the system within X minutes of a specific time?

  - by Jack W-H

  I have done a fresh install of Mac OS X Mountain Lion today on a new MacBook. Because this was a new install, when I finally got round to configuring some of my own developer things, I was surprised to find some app had installed a binary into /usr/local/bin - a single binary called galileod. Interestingly, I can't find anything online about galileod. I had only installed the bare minimum of software at this point. Looking in the file columns I can see Date Modified was 9th November 2012, but Date Added to the system was today at 17:01. It's now 10:20PM and I can't remember which software I was installing at that point. So how do I find out which other files were installed to the system within, say, 5 minutes either side of 17:01? EDIT: I found out what galileod was by running galileod --help - it is a binary used with Fitbit to communicate with the USB dongle. So that's the mystery solved - but it would still be interesting to know how to find files added within X minutes of a timeframe for future reference.

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• How do I remove a USB drive's write protection?

  - by nate

  I have a SanDisk Cruser Blade USB stick that suddenly seems to be write protected. I tried running DiskPart but after I write the command "attributes disk clear readonly" it displays this: Microsoft DiskPart version 5.1.3565 ADD - Add a mirror to a simple volume. ACTIVE - Marks the current basic partition as an active boot partition. ASSIGN - Assign a drive letter or mount point to the selected volume. BREAK - Break a mirror set. CLEAN - Clear the configuration information, or all information, off the disk. CONVERT - Converts between different disk formats. CREATE - Create a volume or partition. DELETE - Delete an object. DETAIL - Provide details about an object. EXIT - Exit DiskPart EXTEND - Extend a volume. HELP - Prints a list of commands. IMPORT - Imports a disk group. LIST - Prints out a list of objects. INACTIVE - Marks the current basic partition as an inactive partition. ONLINE - Online a disk that is currently marked as offline. REM - Does nothing. Used to comment scripts. REMOVE - Remove a drive letter or mount point assignment. REPAIR - Repair a RAID-5 volume. RESCAN - Rescan the computer looking for disks and volumes. RETAIN - Place a retainer partition under a simple volume. SELECT - Move the focus to an object. It's like when you type help at the DiskPart prompt, so how do I get past this? This problem started when I plugged the stick into a laptop which had viruses, if that's any help.

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• Ubuntu Wubi "drive" failure; mount drive in XP?

  - by 618034

  Hi there, I installed the Wubi distribution of Ubuntu on a separate partition (which is silly, since why do I care if Windows can still manage the partition?) a few months back; it was pretty awesome, until Linux hosed. At this point, I can get Ubuntu to boot if I try really hard through grub, but once it does start, the screen is hosed, so no dice. At this point, I'd like to wipe it all and start over, but I need to get some stuff off the "disk". The Wubi install makes this difficult, since the "disk" is a flat file on an NTFS partition. I've done just about everything I can think of — I renamed the virtual disk .iso, mounted it with VirtualCloneDrive, then used whatever magic EXT3 (EXT4?) readers I could dig up on the Internet to parse the mount — but nothing's working. Can you offer any suggestions? The "disk" is currently in D:\ubuntu\disks\root.iso. Many thanks! (I may be high-latency at the moment, apologies if I don't address follow-ups quickly)

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• Apache fails to start after WHM easyapache update

  - by Vigrond

  Tryin to get some light shed on this issue Running CentOS I upgraded Apache using easyapache to 2.2 All was well I then used WHM to update Mysql to 5.5 This succeeded but now Apache will not start. The error log was reporting things like [Sun Apr 15 00:44:57 2012] [alert] getpwuid: couldn't determine user name from uid 4294967295, you probably need to modify the User directive [Sun Apr 15 02:27:30 2012] [notice] suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/local/apache/bin/suexec) [Sun Apr 15 02:27:30 2012] [warn] pid file /usr/local/apache/logs/httpd.pid overwritten -- Unclean shutdown of previous Apache run? [Sun Apr 15 02:27:30 2012] [alert] getpwuid: couldn't determine user name from uid 4294967295, you probably need to modify the User directive [Sun Apr 15 02:27:30 2012] [alert] getpwuid: couldn't determine user name from uid 4294967295, you probably need to modify the User directive [Sun Apr 15 02:27:30 2012] [alert] getpwuid: couldn't determine user name from uid 4294967295, you probably need to modify the User directive [Sun Apr 15 02:27:30 2012] [alert] getpwuid: couldn't determine user name from uid 4294967295, you probably need to modify the User directive [Sun Apr 15 02:27:30 2012] [alert] getpwuid: couldn't determine user name from uid 4294967295, you probably need to modify the User directive [Sun Apr 15 02:27:30 2012] [notice] Apache/2.2.22 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.2.22 OpenSSL/0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 mod_auth_passthrough/2.1 mod_bwlimited/1.4 FrontPage/5.0.2.2635 configured -- resuming normal operations [Sun Apr 15 02:27:30 2012] [alert] Child 4063 returned a Fatal error... Apache is exiting! So I tried to recompile using easyapache again, but easyapache just hangs I tried with base php settings - and it always gets stuck on "bf804000-bf819000 rw-p 7ffffffe9000 00:00 0 [stack]" At this point in cpanel the status says "create srm.conf and access.conf for mod_frontpage" I have tried things like rpm --rebuilddb yum clean all yum update with no luck. I'm kind of running out of ideas, and wondering if anyone could point me to the right direction.

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• ESXi 4.1 host not recognising existing VMFS datastore

  - by ThatGraemeGuy

  Existing setup: host1 and host2, ESX 4.0, 2 HBAs each. lun1 and lun2, 2 LUNs belonging to the same RAID set (my terminology might be sketchy here). This has been working just fine all along. I added host3, ESXi 4.1, 2 HBAs. If I view Configuration / Storage Adapters, I can see that both HBAs see both LUNs, but if I view Configuration / Storage, I only see 1 datastore. host1/2 can see both LUNs and I have VMs running on both too. I have rescanned, refreshed and even rebooted, but host3 refuses to acknowledge 1 of the datastores. Does anyone know what's going on? Update: I re-installed the host with ESX (not i) 4.0, same version as the existing hosts and it's still not recognising the vmfs. I think I'm going to SVmotion everything off that datastore then format it. Update2: I've created the LUN from scratch and the problem gets even weirder. I've presented the LUN to all 3 hosts, and I can see the LUN in the vSphere client's Configuration / Storage Adapters section on all 3 hosts. If I create a datastore on the LUN via the Configuration / Storage section on host1, it works fine and I can create an empty folder via datastore browser, but the datastore is not seen by the host2 and host3. I can use the Add Storage wizard on host2 and it will see the LUN. At this point the "VMFS Label" column has the label I gave with "(head)" appended. If I try the Add Storage wizard's "Keep the existing signature" option, it fails with an error "Cannot change the host configuration." and a dialog box that says 'Call "HostStorageSystem.ResolveMultipleUnresolvedVmfsVolumes" for object "storageSystem-17" on vCenter Server "vcenter.company.local" failed.' If I try the Add Storage wizard's "Assign a new signature" option on host2, it will complete and the VMFS label will have "snap-(hexnumber)-" prepended. At this point its also visible on host3, but not host1. I have a similar setup in a different datacenter which didn't give me all this trouble.

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• Wireless to Wireless Transfer Slow on a Linksys WRT54GL

  - by Kyle Brandt

  The Situation: When I try to transfer a file from one computer to another that are both connected via wireless on a WRT54GL (in a office) with dd-wrt firmware I often get bad speeds. In generally they average around 100 kilobytes a second. Either computer can download via wireless from the Internet at at about 2 megabytes a second. The speed is slow with the transfer of one large file. There are about 20 other wireless networks that the computers can see, so there is a lot of noise, but I don't have the equipment to really monitor the frequencies well. But that still seems pretty slow. I thought maybe it was the transmit on each card, but even when they are 5 feet away with a line of sight I still get these speeds. According to Linux both cards are operating at 54g. My Questions: Is this normal for this sort of consumer level wireless equipment? Anything I can do to improve it? why is wireless to wireless transfer slow when everything else isn't? Whats steps might I take to figure out what is happening? For example, are lots of packets not making to the access point requiring retransmissions? Above all, I want to find out what the problem actually is. This may seem odd, but at this point I am more interested in understanding what the problem is than fixing it. What I have tried: I have tried messing with lots of settings. Different channels, xmit power, G-Only, none of which has made anything any better. I've also tried upgrading to newer dd-wrt firmware version and doing a reset to wipe out the settings.

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• Best way to execute a command after Linux system halt

  - by Lukas Loesche

  Problem: The SSDs in our servers require a power cycle (i.e. off/on, not reset/warm reboot) after a firmware update. Thoughts: Using 'ipmitool chassis power cycle' I can cycle the server's power. However this would cut the power while the system is still running, filesystems are mounted, etc. What I basically want is a delayed power cycle so the system has a change to halt. But I guess that would have to be implemented on the server's IPMI board, so it's not really an option. My initial idea was to dynamically create a ramdisk containing the tool and libs and somehow integrate that into the halt process. I saw there's a /etc/init.d/halt, so that would be my starting point. Although I believe the kernel at some point in the shutdown process starts to kill off remaining processes. So I'm not even sure if that's a viable way. Question: What would be the best way to execute ipmitool (or any other command), after the system has halted and all regular filesystems are unmounted?

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• PHP-FPM issue on LEMP Stack and WordPress

  - by jw60660

  I'm very much a NGINX and Server Admin beginner. I used this tutorial to install NGINX / PHP / mySQL / WordPress: C3M Digital Tutorial In this tutorial the backend php-cgi setup is configured using fastcgi. php5-fpm was installed during this tutorial: apt-get install nginx-full php5-fpm php5 php5-mysql php5-apc php5-mysql php5-xsl php5-xmlrpc php5-sqlite php5-snmp php5-curl After reading that the NGINX configuration on the WordPress codec was more secure than most tutorials, I decided to use the codex configuration: WordPress NGINX configuration in Codex The Codex configuration uses php-fpm for backend php-cgi. When opening the browser I got a 502 Bad Gateway error. The error log was: "2012/06/10 21:18:27 [crit] 14009#0: *4 connect() to unix:/tmp/php-fpm.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 12.3.456.789, server: mywebsite.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/tmp/php-fpm.sock:", hos t: "mywebsite.com"" In the main NGINX configuration file supplied by the codex I noticed the line starting "server unix:" in the upstream php block which point to the empty directory: # Upstream to abstract backend connection(s) for PHP. upstream php { server unix:/tmp/php-fpm.sock; # server 127.0.0.1:9000; } I checked the folder at /tmp and it was empty. Seems I missed configuring php-fpm to play with NGINX. Can someone point me in the right direction? Much appreciated!

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• Domain Controller DNS Best Practice/Practical Considerations for Domain Controllers in Child Domains

  - by joeqwerty

  I'm setting up several child domains in an existing Active Directory forest and I'm looking for some conventional wisdom/best practice guidance for configuring both DNS client settings on the child domain controllers and for the DNS zone replication scope. Assuming a single domain controller in each domain and assuming that each DC is also the DNS server for the domain (for simplicity's sake) should the child domain controller point to itself for DNS only or should it point to some combination (primary VS. secondary) of itself and the DNS server in the parent or root domain? If a parentchildgrandchild domain hierarchy exists (with a contiguous DNS namespace) how should DNS be configured on the grandchild DC? Regarding the DNS zone replication scope, if storing each domain's DNS zone on all DNS servers in the domain then I'm assuming a DNS delegation from the parent to the child needs to exist and that a forwarder from the child to the parent needs to exist. With a parentchildgrandchild domain hierarchy then does each child forward to the direct parent for the direct parent's zone or to the root zone? Does the delegation occur at the direct parent zone or from the root zone? If storing all DNS zones on all DNS servers in the forest does it make the above questions regarding the replication scope moot? Does the replication scope have some bearing on the DNS client settings on each DC?

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• What could cause TFTP reloaded Cisco `running-config` on 871 to fail?

  - by xtian

  Cisco CCP Write Configuration borked my 871w config while I was trying to setup port forwarding. I went through the basic steps to reconfig the router. I looked to see if I could just reset the router. Nope. I tested the 871's flash memory with fsck to see if there was hardware failure. Nope. Then I rewrote the minimal config for TFTP (which is the same for Cisco's CCP app.). Thne, I successfully uploaded a previously working running-config from Win Vista using SolarWinds TFTP Server, unfortunately the restore was not entirely successful. The old running config was saved to the 871's startup-config and I can login using console port. Some other things that are working are the hostname and welcome message but that's about it. Startup shows an error SETUP: new interface NVI0 placed in "shutdown" state after tftp. The missing light on the access point modem for ethernet link show the 871'a outside FE4 is not working. SO...what's the possible problem with reloading a previously working config (approximately 4 months with the same config) via TFTP? Is there something I can look for on the 871 to verify the config? Or on Vista to validate the config file itself before I transfer it? Or, is this there a common TFTP issue? UPDATE. I missed the instruction from Cisco's TFTP page to delete aaa lines from the config (although a video from a SuperUser user didn't make this point in his most excellent demo). There were several lines of this sort, I deleted them and uploaded again. However, they're back. I assume they're added automatically? [nope, see answer] UPDATE 2. The reload of previous settings was successful, but this error remains. I don't even know now if it was there before or not. It seems irrelevant to the question.

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• Understanding NFS4 exports and pseudofilesystem

  - by Trevor Harrison

  I think I understand the way pre-NFS4 exports work, specifically the namespace of the exported point. (ie. export /mnt/blah on server, use mount server:/mnt/blah /my/mnt/point on client) However, I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around NFS4 exports. What I've been able to gather so far is that you export a 'root' by marking it with fsid=0, which you then import on the client side by referring to it as '/'. (ie. exportfs -o fsid=0 /mnt/blah on server, mount server:/ on client) However, after that, it gets a little weird. From my playing around, it seems I can't export anything else thats not under /mnt/blah. For example, exportfs /home/user1 fails when trying to mount from the client unless /mnt/blah/home/user1 exists on the server. If this is the case, what is the difference between exportfs /mnt/blah/subdir1 on server and mount server:/subdir1 on client and just skipping the exportfs and mounting whatever subdir of /mnt/blah you want? Why would you need to export anything other than the root? Its all in the same namespace anyway.

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• Mac updated just now, postgres now broken

  - by Dave

  I run postgres 9.1 / ruby 1.9.2 / rails 3.1.0 on a maxbook air for local dev. It's all been running smoothly for months, (though this is the first time I've done development on a mac.) It's a macbook air from last year, and today I got the mac osx software update message as I have a few times before, and my system downloaded approx 450mb of updates and restarted. It now says it's on OSX 10.7.3. Point is, postgres has stopped working, when I start my thin server (mirror heroku cedar) as normal, and then browse to my rails app I get: PG::Error could not connect to server: Permission denied Is the server running locally and accepting connections on Unix domain socket "/var/pgsql_socket/.s.PGSQL.5432"? What happened? After browsing around a few questions I'm still confused, but here's some extra info: Running psql from command line gives same error I can run pgadmin 3 and connect via it and run SQL no problems Running which psql shows the version as /usr/bin/psql I created a PostgreSQL user back when I got the mac (it's always been on lion) I've no idea why, almost certainly I was following a tutorial which I neglected to store in my notes. Point is I am aware there is a _postgres user as well. I know it's rubbish, but apart from a note on passwords, I don't have any extra info on how I configured postgres - though the obvious implication is that I did not use the _postgres user. Anyone have suggestions or information on what might have changed / what I can try to debug and fix? Thanks. Edit: Playing around based on this question and answer: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7975414/check-status-of-postgresql-server-mac-os-x, see this string of commands: $ sudo su postgreSQL bash-3.2$ /Library/PostgreSQL/9.1/bin/pg_ctl start -D /Library/PostgreSQL/9.1/data pg_ctl: another server might be running; trying to start server anyway server starting bash-3.2$ 2012-04-08 19:03:39 GMT FATAL: lock file "postmaster.pid" already exists 2012-04-08 19:03:39 GMT HINT: Is another postmaster (PID 68) running in data directory "/Library/PostgreSQL/9.1/data"? bash-3.2$ exit

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• Feasibility of Windows Server 2008 DFS replication over WAN link

  - by CesarGon

  We have just set up a WAN link that connects two buildings in our organisation. The link is provided by a 100-Mbps point to point line. We have a Windows Server 2008 R2 domain controller on each side of the link. Now we are planning to set up DFS for file services across the organisation. The estimated data volume is over 2 TB, and will grow at approximately 20% annually. My idea is to set up a file server in each building and install DFS so that all the contents stay replicated over the 100-Mbps link. I hope that this will ensure that any user will be directed to the closest (and fastest) server when requesting a file from the DFS folders. My concern is whether a 100-Mbps WAN link is good enough to guarantee DFS replication. I've no experience with DFS, so any solid advice is welcome. The line is reliable (i.e. it doesn't crash often) and our data transfer tests show that a 5 MB/sec transfer rate is easily achieved. This is approximately 40% of the nominal bandwidth. I am also concerned about the latency. I mean, how long will users need to wait to see one change on one side of the link after the change has been made on the other side. My questions are: Is this link between networks a reliable infrastructure on which to set up DFS replication? What latency times would be typical (seconds, minutes, hours, days)? Would you recommend that we go for DFS in this scenario, or is there a better alternative? Many thanks.

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• OpenVPN IPV6 Tunnel Radvd

  - by Arenstar

  Hello.. I have an interesting question regarding ipv6 + openvpn.. My Version is OpenVPN 2.1.1 i have been given a native /64 ipv6 network ( for this example 2001:acb:132:acb::/64 ) The plan was/is, route this block through openvpn and into an office ( for testing purposes ) Soo to explain.. I have a Centos Box as the first linux "router" in a datacenter & a Ubuntu box as the second linux "router" in the office I have created a simple point-to-point tunnel using tun ( based off ipv4 address to start the tunnel ) I have assigned to Centos /sbin/ip addr add fed1::1/128 dev eth0 /sbin/ip addr add fed2::2/128 dev tun0 /sbin/ip route add 2001:acb:132:acb::/64 dev tun0 ## ipv6 Block down the tunnel /sbin/ip route add ::/0 dev eth0 ## Default out to Gateway I have assigned to Ubuntu /sbin/ip addr add fed1::3/128 dev tun0 /sbin/ip addr add fed1::4/128 dev eth0 /sbin/ip route add 2001:acb:132:acb::/64 dev eth0 ## ipv6 Block down to eth0 /sbin/ip route add ::/0 dev tun0 ## Default up the tunnel I have also included on both servers.. sysctl -w net.inet6.ip6.forwarding=1 Looks Good... right??? Wrong.. :( I am not able to ping fed1::1 from fed1::4 (Ubuntu) (can ping :4,:3,:2) However, i can ping fed1::1 fed1::2 from :3 ?????? ( very strange ) I am able to access the internet from any ipv6 interface on the Centos Box but clearly not from the Ubuntu box.. Further, i will eventually run radvd on the Ubuntu box eth0, and autoconf the network with ipv6 address's Anyone with some advice / tips to help me out.. ??? Cheers

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• How to move Mdadm RAID drive (EBS based) to different AWS Instance

  - by Stanley

  We have a media-rich web application that is hosted on AWS. We have several Web Servers and we have an NFS server. On the NFS server (Linux server) we have several EBS volumes that are mounted and we've used mdadm to implement the different mounted volumes as a single RAID volume. The Web Servers simply access the NFS storage through a mount point. Amazon has now let us know that they will be performing power maintenance on this server in a couple of days time. Since all our media is on here it would render our site unusable for the hours while Amazon is working on it. We want to try and prevent this downtime. I was thinking that we can prevent server downtime by perhaps setting up a new server temporarily and attaching the EBS drives (raid volume) to that server and have our web servers point there during maintenance. This is a very high risk operation since this involves several terabytes of our production data. What would be the safe way to move over our logical raid drive (md0) to a new amazon instance? I was hoping that I could start with building the new server, mounting the ebs volumes and assembling the RAID partition using mdadm --assemble --scan before unmounting from the existing instance so that I can first test that everything works and thus having it mounted on two instances at the same time, but I don't believe that is possible with the way that filesystems work. How do I move a Linux software RAID to a new machine? suggests a way to move drives, but isn't really a cloud-based question. Perhaps there are simpler ways to prevent system downtime with our solution being hosted on the cloud? I have considered taking an EBS snapshot, but that tries to replicate all the many terabytes of mounted storage, so this is not a practical solution. Any ideas?

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• Can't pin modified shortcuts to the Windows 7 task bar

  - by Coder

  I have a shortcut to a .bat file which I pin to the task bar using a workaround by using another icon and this seems to work. Now I make a copy of that shortcut, point it to a different .bat file, rename it, and I can't pin this one to the task bar. I have to find some other new unused icon to pin, pin it, then modify it manually. The other problem this causes is that windows seems to track which icons were pinned even if they are modified after the fact. As such, if I use media player as my dummy icon, pin it, then alter it's name and shortcut to point to a .bat file, I can't re-pin windows media player and if I select unpin from the windows media player, it unpins my shortcut to my .bat file. I can't believe how ridiculous this is. Is there a way to pin anything I want to the taskbar (ie. .bat file in my case) that does not cause problems like this? Is there an easy way I can copy an existing shortcut and modify it and re-pin it to the taskbar? The reason I want to copy it is because I start a .bat file (in particular git bash) and I set properties on the window like quick edit, increase the screen buffer and set it's position and size manually. I don't want to have to do this to every single icon I want to pin since they will be identical aside from the shortcut url.

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• How can i use the `eject` command on a computer i have SSH'd into?

  - by will

  So if i do eject on my machine, it works exactly as expected, however, if i ssh into the machine next to me, and do the same thing, it does not work... my computer: eject: using default device `cdrom' eject: device name is `cdrom' eject: expanded name is `/dev/cdrom' eject: `/dev/cdrom' is a link to `/dev/sr0' eject: `/dev/sr0' is not mounted eject: `/dev/sr0' is not a mount point eject: checking if device "/dev/sr0" has a removable or hotpluggable flag eject: `/dev/sr0' is not a multipartition device eject: trying to eject `/dev/sr0' using CD-ROM eject command eject: CD-ROM eject command succeeded other computer: eject: using default device `cdrom' eject: device name is `cdrom' eject: expanded name is `/dev/cdrom' eject: `/dev/cdrom' is a link to `/dev/sr0' eject: `/dev/sr0' is not mounted eject: `/dev/sr0' is not a mount point eject: checking if device "/dev/sr0" has a removable or hotpluggable flag eject: `/dev/sr0' is not a multipartition device eject: unable to open `/dev/sr0' if i look in the /dev/ dir, then i find cdrom which is a symlink to sr0 - as mentioned by the verbose outputs of eject -v. On my machine, if i try and look at it, if the drive is open, it will close it, and then give this: $ less sr0 sr0 is not a regular file (use -f to see it) so $ less -f sr0 sr0: No medium found but if i do it on the other computer, $ less -f sr0 sr0: Permission denied so i look at the files more, and get this on both machines: $ ls -la sr0 brw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 11, 0 Nov 12 10:13 sr0 Does anyone know a way around this? I do not have root access.

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• What does this diagnostic output mean?

  - by ChrisF

  I recently had a fault with my broadband connection. It turned out to be a fault with the ISP's or teleco's equipment. My ISP posted this diagnostic, but while I understand it in general, I'd like to to know more about the details. I'm assuming that ATM means Asynchronous Transfer Mode and PPP means Point to Point Protocol. It was this that my router was indicating as the fault. xDSL Status Test Summary Sync Status: Circuit In Sync General Information NTE Status: NTE Power Status: Unknown Bypass Status: Upstream DSL Link Information Downstream DSL Link Information Loop Loss: 9.0 17.0 SNR Margin: 25 15 Errored Seconds: 0 0 HEC Errors: 0 Cell Count: 0 0 Speed: 448 8128 TAM Status: Successfully executed operation Network Test: Sub-Test Results Layer Name Value Status Modem pass Transmitter Power (Upstream) 12.4 dBm Transmitter Power (Downstream) 8.8 dBm Upstream psd -38 dBm/Hz Downstream psd -51 dBm/Hz DSL pass Equipment Vendor Name TSTC Equipment Vendor Id n/a Equipment Vendor Revision n/a Training Time 8 s Num Syncs 1 Upstream bit rate 448 kbps Downstream bit rate 8128 kbps Upstream maximum bit rate 1108 kbps Downstream maximum bit rate 11744 kbps Upstream Attenuation 3.5 dB Downstream Attenuation 0.0 dB Upstream Noise Margin 20.0 dB Downstream Noise Margin 19.0 dB Local CRC Errors 0 Remote CRC Errors 0 Up Data Path interleaved Down Data Path interleaved Standard Used G_DMT INP INP Upstream Symbols n/a INP Upstream Delay 4 ms INP Upstream Depth 4 INP Downstream Symbols n/a INP Downstream Delay 5 ms INP Downstream Depth 32 ATM Reason: No ATM cells received fail Number of cells transmitted 30 Number of cells received 0 number of Near end HEC errors 0 number of Far end HEC errors n/a PPP Reason: No response from peer fail PAP authentication nottested CHAP authentication nottested (I'm not sure that Super User is the best place to ask this, but two people have suggested I ask it here so here I am).

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• Can a pool of memcache daemons be used to share sessions more efficiently?

  - by Tom

  We are moving from a 1 webserver setup to a two webserver setup and I need to start sharing PHP sessions between the two load balanced machines. We already have memcached installed (and started) and so I was pleasantly surprized that I could accomplish sharing sessions between the new servers by changing only 3 lines in the php.ini file (the session.save_handler and session.save_path): I replaced: session.save_handler = files with: session.save_handler = memcache Then on the master webserver I set the session.save_path to point to localhost: session.save_path="tcp://localhost:11211" and on the slave webserver I set the session.save_path to point to the master: session.save_path="tcp://192.168.0.1:11211" Job done, I tested it and it works. But... Obviously using memcache means the sessions are in RAM and will be lost if a machine is rebooted or the memcache daemon crashes - I'm a little concerned by this but I am a bit more worried about the network traffic between the two webservers (especially as we scale up) because whenever someone is load balanced to the slave webserver their sessions will be fetched across the network from the master webserver. I was wondering if I could define two save_paths so the machines look in their own session storage before using the network. For example: Master: session.save_path="tcp://localhost:11211, tcp://192.168.0.2:11211" Slave: session.save_path="tcp://localhost:11211, tcp://192.168.0.1:11211" Would this successfully share sessions across the servers AND help performance? i.e save network traffic 50% of the time. Or is this technique only for failovers (e.g. when one memcache daemon is unreachable)? Note: I'm not really asking specifically about memcache replication - more about whether the PHP memcache client can peak inside each memcache daemon in a pool, return a session if it finds one and only create a new session if it doesn't find one in all the stores. As I'm writing this I'm thinking I'm asking a bit much from PHP, lol... Assume: no sticky-sessions, round-robin load balancing, LAMP servers.

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• Rename Active Directory domain following Windows 2000 -> 2008 migration.

  - by ewwhite

  I'm working with a site that needs an internal DNS domain rename. It currently has a DNS name of domain.abc.com and NT name of ABC. I'm trying to get to a DNS name of abctrading.com and NT name of ABCTRADING. Split DNS would be used. The site originally ran from a single Windows 2000 domain controller hosting AD, file, print, DHCP and DNS services. There was no Exchange system in the environment. The 50 client PCs are all Windows XP with a handful of users using roaming profiles. All users are in a single OU and there are no group policy/GPOs. I'm a Linux engineer, but have been trying to guide another group of consultants to reach a more suitable setup. With the help of this group, we were able to move the single Windows 2000 system to a set of Windows 2008 R2 servers separated into domain controller and file/print systems (virtualized). We are also trying to add an Exchange 2010 system to this mix. The Windows 2000 server was demoted and is no longer in the picture. This is the tricky part, as client wants the domain renamed and the consultants aren't quite sure how to get through it without another 32-40 hours of testing/implementation. THey say that there's considerable risk to do the rename without a completely isolated test environment. However, this rename has to be done before installing Exchange. So we're stuck at this point. I'd like to know what's involved in renaming the domain at this point. We're on Windows Server 2008. The AD is healthy now. Coming from a Linux background, it seems as though there should be a reasonable path to this. Also, since the original domain appears to be a child/subdomain, would that be a problem here. I'd appreciate any guidance.

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• Will a 2.4Ghz WAP intefere with a 5.0Ghz WAP if placed directly next to each other

  - by Dan

  This is mostly a curiosity question to people who know more about radio and wi-fi than I. The 2.4Ghz band is massively overpopulated near my house to the point of sometimes getting 1000ms pings to the router from only a few feet away. inSSIDer finds at least 10 broadcasting SSID's within around 15 seconds of starting, so this isn't a real surprise to me! Sometimes I can get good results by changing the channel to something like 3 or 8, but it's usually temporary as the others use Auto Channel and hop around. Now, the router I have is capable of 5.0Ghz, as is the laptop I type this on. Switching to 5.0Ghz gives superb results: I can download at ~90Mbps and get consistent 1ms pings. The problem is that only this laptop supports 5.0Ghz! My question: Would I still get decent 5.0Ghz performance if I place a 2.4Ghz access point directly next to my router? And, indeed, will 2.4Ghz continue working as 'normal'? Testing would be an obvious step, but I threw all my superfluous equipment out in a recent house move. My understanding is that I should get good performance, certainly in comparison to having two devices using the same frequency range, but I do believe there will be some impact by the virtue of them being directly next to each other. (Cabling is not an option due to it being a rented house)

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• Debugging Windows PC freeze

  - by Violet Giraffe

  I have a problem with my computer, would appreciate any hints/ideas. It usually begins not immediately after booting Windows, but at some unpredictable point in time, which doesn't seem to correlate with any specific actions of mine. First sign of a problem is process System starting to consume 25% CPU time steadily. I have a quad-core CPU, so it might be one thread working non-stop. At this point micro-freezes start to occur - screen stops refreshing, but if I have, say, music player running - it continues playing. If I try to do something between the freezes, like open Start menu, it will freeze completely and forever. If I press reset button the PC will shut down and then start cold, as opposed to usual reset behavior (which doesn't include PC shutting down). I have noticed that full restart upon reset is usual for hardware problems, but I think this problem isn't related to at least motherboard-CPU-RAM-videoadapter. It certainly isn't caused by overheating. One very important not is that it seems to be related to Windows hosted WLAN network: I have USB Wi-Fi dongle and have configured a hosted network to share cable Internet connection with Wi-Fi devices. I am not 100% certain there's a strong connection, but in 9 or 10 cases when I enabled the network (by executing netsh wlan start hostednetwork), it did freeze eventually (sometimes within minutes of starting the network, sometimes within hours), and on at least 10 days when I didn't start the network it never froze, no matter how I used the computer). There are no critical/error entries in the events log that I can suspect as being related, only regular stuff like "driver not loaded". I have found no critical/error events that are being logged around the time of freeze occurring and are not logged during normal boot without starting the WLAN.

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• Application (was Firefox) crash on first load on Ubuntu Linux on older Dell Laptop

  - by Ira Baxter

  I've had a Dell Latitude laptop since about 2000 without managing to destroy it. A month ago the Windows 2000 system on it did something stupid to its file system and Windows was completely lost. No point in reinstalling Windows 2000, so I installed an Ubuntu Linux on the laptop. Everything seems normal (installed, rebooted, I can log in, run GnuChess, poke about). ... but ... when I attempt to launch Firefox from the top bar menu icon, I get a bunch of disk activity, the whirling cursor icon goes round a bit and then (WAS: everything stops: icon, mouse. Literally nothing happens for 5 minutes. Ubuntu is dead, as far as I can tell. EDIT : on further investigation, spinning icon, mouse operated by touchpad freeze. There's apparantly a little disk activity occuring about every 5 seconds. I wait 5-10 minutes, behavior doesn't change) A reboot, and I can repeat this reliably. So on the face of it, everything works but Firefox. That seems really strange. The only odd thing about this system when Firefox is booting is that while it has an Ethernet port (that worked fine under Windows), it isn't actually plugged into an Ethernet. As this is the first Firefox boot since the Ubuntu install, maybe Firefox mishandles Internet access? Why would that crash Ubuntu? (I need to go try the obvious experiment of plugging it in). EDIT: I tried to run the Disk manager tool, not that I cared what it was, just a menu-available application. It started up like Firefox, I get a little tag in the lower left saying Disk P*** something had started, and then the same behavior as Firefox. At this point, I don't think its the Ethernet. Is it possible that the Ubuntu disk driver can't handle the disk controller in this older laptop? The install seemed to go fine.

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