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• Cobol: science and fiction

  - by user847

  There are a few threads about the relevance of the Cobol programming language on this forum, e.g. this thread links to a collection of them. What I am interested in here is a frequently repeated claim based on a study by Gartner from 1997: that there were around 200 billion lines of code in active use at that time! I would like to ask some questions to verify or falsify a couple of related points. My goal is to understand if this statement has any truth to it or if it is totally unrealistic. I apologize in advance for being a little verbose in presenting my line of thought and my own opinion on the things I am not sure about, but I think it might help to put things in context and thus highlight any wrong assumptions and conclusions I have made. Sometimes, the "200 billion lines" number is accompanied by the added claim that this corresponded to 80% of all programming code in any language in active use. Other times, the 80% merely refer to so-called "business code" (or some other vague phrase hinting that the reader is not to count mainstream software, embedded systems or anything else where Cobol is practically non-existent). In the following I assume that the code does not include double-counting of multiple installations of the same software (since that is cheating!). In particular in the time prior to the y2k problem, it has been noted that a lot of Cobol code is already 20 to 30 years old. That would mean it was written in the late 60ies and 70ies. At that time, the market leader was IBM with the IBM/370 mainframe. IBM has put up a historical announcement on his website quoting prices and availability. According to the sheet, prices are about one million dollars for machines with up to half a megabyte of memory. Question 1: How many mainframes have actually been sold? I have not found any numbers for those times; the latest numbers are for the year 2000, again by Gartner. :^( I would guess that the actual number is in the hundreds or the low thousands; if the market size was 50 billion in 2000 and the market has grown exponentially like any other technology, it might have been merely a few billions back in 1970. Since the IBM/370 was sold for twenty years, twenty times a few thousand will result in a couple of ten-thousands of machines (and that is pretty optimistic)! Question 2: How large were the programs in lines of code? I don't know how many bytes of machine code result from one line of source code on that architecture. But since the IBM/370 was a 32-bit machine, any address access must have used 4 bytes plus instruction (2, maybe 3 bytes for that?). If you count in operating system and data for the program, how many lines of code would have fit into the main memory of half a megabyte? Question 3: Was there no standard software? Did every single machine sold run a unique hand-coded system without any standard software? Seriously, even if every machine was programmed from scratch without any reuse of legacy code (wait ... didn't that violate one of the claims we started from to begin with???) we might have O(50,000 l.o.c./machine) * O(20,000 machines) = O(1,000,000,000 l.o.c.). That is still far, far, far away from 200 billion! Am I missing something obvious here? Question 4: How many programmers did we need to write 200 billion lines of code? I am really not sure about this one, but if we take an average of 10 l.o.c. per day, we would need 55 million man-years to achieve this! In the time-frame of 20 to 30 years this would mean that there must have existed two to three million programmers constantly writing, testing, debugging and documenting code. That would be about as many programmers as we have in China today, wouldn't it? Question 5: What about the competition? So far, I have come up with two things here: 1) IBM had their own programming language, PL/I. Above I have assumed that the majority of code has been written exclusively using Cobol. However, all other things being equal I wonder if IBM marketing had really pushed their own development off the market in favor of Cobol on their machines. Was there really no relevant code base of PL/I? 2) Sometimes (also on this board in the thread quoted above) I come across the claim that the "200 billion lines of code" are simply invisible to anybody outside of "governments, banks ..." (and whatnot). Actually, the DoD had funded their own language in order to increase cost effectiveness and reduce the proliferation of programming language. This lead to their use of Ada. Would they really worry about having so many different programming languages if they had predominantly used Cobol? If there was any language running on "government and military" systems outside the perception of mainstream computing, wouldn't that language be Ada? I hope someone can point out any flaws in my assumptions and/or conclusions and shed some light on whether the above claim has any truth to it or not.

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• SDP media field format

  - by TacB0sS

  Hey, I would like to create a SDP media field with its attributes, and there are a few things I don't understand. I've skimmed and read the relevant RFC and I understand most of what each field means, but what I don't understand is how do I derive from the Audio/Video Format of the JMF, which parameters of the format compose the rtpmap registry entries I need to use. I see many times the fields m=audio 12548 RTP/AVP 0 8 101 a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000 a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000 a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000 a=fmtp:101 0-16 a=silenceSupp:off - - - - a=ptime:20 a=sendrecv these are received from the pbx server I'm connecting to, what do they mean in the terms of the JMF audio format properties. (I do understand these are standard audio format commonly used in telecommunication) UPDATE: I was more wondering about the format parameter '0 8 101' at the end of m=audio 12548 RTP/AVP 0 8 101 Thanks in advance, Adam Zehavi.

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• C# - How can i open a second winform asynchronously but still behave as a child to the parent form?

  - by Gary Willoughby

  I am creating an application and i would like to implement a progress window that appears when a lengthy process is taking place. I've created a standard windows form project to which i've created my app using the default form. I've also created a new form to use as a progress window. The problem arises when i open the progress window (in a function) using: ProgressWindow.ShowDialog(); When this command is encountered, the focus is on the progress window and i assume it's now the window who's mainloop is being processed for events. The downside is it blocks the execution of my lengthy operation in the main form. If i open the progress window using: ProgressWindow.Show(); Then the window opens correctly and now doesn't block the execution of the main form but it doesn't act as a child (modal) window should, i.e. allows the main form to be selected, is not centered on the parent, etc.. Any ideas how i can open a new window but continue processing in the main form?

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• Android Image Getter for Larger Images

  - by y ramesh rao

  I have used all the Standard Network related code for Getting Images of about 45KB to 75KB but all are failing these methods work fine for Files of about 3-5KB size of Images. How can I achieve Downloading Image of 45 - 75KB for displaying them on an ImageView in Android for my Netowrk Operations the Things I have used are final URL url = new URL(urlString); final URLConnection conn = url.openConnection(); HttpURLConnection httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) conn; httpConn.setAllowUserInteraction(true); httpConn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true); httpConn.setRequestMethod("GET"); httpConn.connect(); and the Second option that I have had used is:: DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpGet getRequest = new HttpGet(urlString); HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(getRequest); why is this code functional for Smaller Sized Images and not for Larger Size Images. ?

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• Objective-C convention to prevent "local declaration hides instance variable" warning

  - by Nippysaurus

  Is there a common convention for dealing with these scenarios? The following code is what I am using .. -(id) initWithVariableName: (NSString*)variableName withComparisonValue:(NSString*)comparisonValue { self.mustExist = NO; self.reverseCondition = NO; self.regularExpression = NO; self.variableName = variableName; self.comparisonValue = comparisonValue; return self; } But I am getting "Local declaration of 'variableName' hides instance variable" and the same for "comparisonValue". The function signature seems logical to me, but surely there must be a more "acceptable" standard which will still make sense and be accurate but not generate annoying warnings?

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• Best practice for storage and retrieval of error messages.

  - by ferrari fan

  What is a best practice for storing user messages in a configuration file and then retrieving them for certain events throughout an application? I was thinking of having 1 single configuration file with entries such as REQUIRED_FIELD = {0} is a required field INVALID_FORMAT = The format for {0} is {1} etc. and then calling them from a class that would be something like this public class UIMessages { public static final String REQUIRED_FIELD = "REQUIRED_FIELD"; public static final String INVALID_FORMAT = "INVALID_FORMAT"; static { // load configuration file into a "Properties" object } public static String getMessage(String messageKey) { // return properties.getProperty(messageKey); } } Is this the right way to approach this problem or is there some de-facto standard already in place?

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• Mixed static and dynamic link on Mac OS

  - by barbaz

  I want to use gcc to produce a shared library, but i want to link some other libraries it depends on statically. Now to produce the "standard" dynamically linked output file i use gcc -dynamiclib *.o -lfoo -lbar -o outfile which would be gcc -shared *.o -lfoo -lbar -o outfile on for a binutils ld on a linux system. Now if i want libfoo and libbar to be linked statically, I can name the static libraries directly gcc -dynamiclib *.o /usr/lib/libfoo.a /usr/lib/libbar.a -o outfile however, that way i have to look for the library files myself. GNU binutils ld supports this: gcc -shared *.o -l:libfoo.a -l:libbar.a -o outfile but apple's ld doesnt. Is there a way to make apple's ld look for the static libraries himself? If not, is there another way that would avoid naming the exact location of the archives, e.g. producing an intermediate output file out of the object files requiring libfoo and libbar with the -static switch and linking that file together with the remaining objectfiles to create the dynamic object?

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• How do I authenticate a Twitter user and access the API without leaving my iPhone app?

  - by thebossman

  I'd like to allow users to send out Tweets from my iPhone app. That's all the functionality I need at the moment. From what I know of the Twitter API, there's a standard authentication mechanism, which allows the developer to include the user's name and password in the request string that the application sends to Twitter. This method will no longer be supported come June 30, 2010. Given the timeframe, the better other choice is oAuth. One of the caveats of oAuth is that it requires a UIWebView to pop up within the app to allow the user to enter his or her credentials or a PIN number. None of the Twitter apps on my phone do this, however: Tweetie, TweetDeck and Twitterific. I assume they're using the first authentication method, but it seems like Twitter wouldn't deprecate an API that would hurt the user experience across the board. There must be an alternative method--what am I missing?

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• Ok to use VirtualProtect to change resource in Delphi?

  - by user257188

  I'm working on a simple localization effort in D2010. I'm handling all strings on forms because ETM seems like overkill for my needs, as did other 3rd party tools... (although I'm not so sure at this point!) Is the code below for changing the Const.pas strings considered safe to change the button labels on standard message boxes? procedure HookResourceString(rs: PResStringRec; newStr: PChar); var oldprotect: DWORD; begin VirtualProtect(rs, SizeOf(rs^), PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, @oldProtect); rs^.Identifier := Integer(newStr); VirtualProtect(rs, SizeOf(rs^), oldProtect, @oldProtect); end; const NewOK: PChar = 'New Ok'; NewCancel: PChar = 'New Cancel'; Procedure TForm.FormCreate; begin HookResourceString(@SMsgDlgOK, NewOK); HookResourceString(@SMsgDlgCancel, NewCancel); end;

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• Inlining the LaTeX \input Command

  - by reprogrammer

  I'm looking a program to recursively inline all \input{} commands in a LaTeX file. By "recursively", I mean doing the inlining iteratively until no \input{} command remains in the final LaTeX file. I've already come across the flatten package. But, for some reason, my TeXLive distribution doesn't install it. When I execute the command sudo tlmgr show flatten, I get the error message: tlmgr: cannot find flatten. So, I'm looking for alternative tools that are more standard and easier to install.

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• IIS 7.0 - Every site suddenly redirecting root request to forms authentication

  - by Pittsburgh DBA

  Suddenly, IIS 7.0 is redirecting every request for the root of any domain hosted on the box to ~/Account/Logon, which is our Forms Authentication redirect. Additionally, some JavaScript and image requests are being similarly redirected, but not other aspx pages. This is not desirable. Nobody will admit to changing anything. Any ideas? EDIT: It turns out that something has gone wrong with the disk permissions. Can anyone point me to the way things are supposed to be in Windows Server 2008 for a standard ASP.Net installation? The disk permissions are out of whack now.

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• What is the best way to implement an object cache with Entity Framework?

  - by Harshal

  Say I have a table of "BlogPosts" in a database and i want to be able to cache the ones that were retrieved already in memory, for further reads, I can just use a standard hashtable type memory cache like System.Web.Caching.Cache, but if i then need to update a property on one of these blog posts e.g. blogPost.Title and update the record in DB, i cannot do this without fetching it again from database as the Entity Framework context used to fetch this record when it was loaded into my cache is already disposed? How do I write code so that I am getting an object from my cache, updating one property and just calling the SaveChanges method without incurring an extra read.

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• Is this code well-defined?

  - by Nawaz

  This code is taken from a discussion going on here. someInstance.Fun(++k).Gun(10).Sun(k).Tun(); Is this code well-defined? Is ++k Fun() evaluated before k in Sun()? What if k is user-defined type, not built-in type? And in what ways the above function calls order is different from this: eat(++k);drink(10);sleep(k); As far as I can say, in both situations, there exists a sequence point after each function call. If so, then why can't the first case is also well-defined like the second one? Section 1.9.17 of the C++ ISO standard says this about sequence points and function evaluation: When calling a function (whether or not the function is inline), there is a sequence point after the evaluation of all function arguments (if any) which takes place before execution of any expressions or statements in the function body. There is also a sequence point after the copying of a returned value and before the execution of any expressions outside the function.

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• Spring-Security http-basic auth in addition to other authentication types

  - by Keith

  I have a pretty standard existing webapp using spring security that requires a database-backed form login for user-specific paths (such as /user/**), and some completely open and public paths (such as /index.html). However, as this webapp is still under development, I'd like to add a http-basic popup across all paths (/**) to add some privacy. Therefore, I'm trying to add a http-basic popup that asks for a universal user/pass combo (ex admin/foo) that would be required to view any path, but then still keep intact all of the other underlying authentication mechanisms. I can't really do anything with the <http> tag, since that will confuse the "keep out the nosy crawlers" authentication with the "user login" authentication, and I'm not seeing any way to associate different paths with different authentication mechanisms. Is there some way to do this with spring security? Alternatively, is there some kind of a dead simple filter that I can apply independently of spring-security's authentication mechanisms?

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• iphone app userid

  - by pb24

  Hi, I have an app where we want users to be able to send us email/info. This would be a standard template which will open up on a button click within the app. I am struggling at the moment to find a legit way to do it. The problem is there are 2 things I need. 1) A way to let users send email to me 2) A way of knowing the person sending me mail is actually someone who has downloaded my app. Does anyone know if there is a way to do this? Does apple give us information/user id's or email id's of poeple who have downloaded the app? Many thanks in advance for any help with this.. PB

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• Automate open dialog in C#? (From COM OCX)

  - by JL

  I have a COM OCX control that I need to automate. It has a method called Open() this method is called without parameters, and always displays an open file dialog (standard one with windows). Is there a way for me to somehow get the file open dialog to open a file I specify , then close the dialog? I would also not like to use sendkeys or any other variants, because I require the solution to be reliable. So ideally would like to grab a handle on that window, and set the file name programatically, and then execute the open method programatically. Thanks in advance.

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• Ant: foreach loop

  - by user305801

  I'm trying to use the foreach loop in an Ant script but I get the message: Problem: failed to create task or type foreach Cause: The name is undefined. I don't understand why this doesn't work. It is not a 3rd party library. It is a standard task that would be part of the latest version of Ant (1.8). <target name="parse"> <echo message="The first five letters of the alphabet are:"/> <foreach param="instance" list="a,b,c,d,e"> </foreach> </target>

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• How can I get jQuery to perform a synchronous, rather than asynchronous, AJAX request?

  - by Artem Tikhomirov

  Hello. I have a javascript widget witch provides standard extension points. One of them is the beforecreate function. It should return false to prevent an item from being created. I've added an AJAX call into this function using jQuery: beforecreate: function(node,targetNode,type,to) { jQuery.get('http://example.com/catalog/create/' + targetNode.id + '?name=' + encode(to.inp[0].value), function(result) { if(result.isOk == false) alert(result.message); }); } But I want to prevent my widget from creating the item, so I should return false in the mother-function, not in the callback. Is there any way to perform a synchronized AJAX request using jQuery or any other API? Thanks.

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• How to Ignore certain tags and replace texts in PHP

  - by Aakash Chakravarthy

  Hello, I have a variable like $content = "Lorem Ipsum is simply <b>dummy text of the printing</b> and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's <i>standard dummy text</i> ever since the 1500s <string>javascriptFunc();</script>" ; when i use str_replace('a', '', $content); all the 'a's get removed. But the 'a's within the <script> tag should not be removed. or is there any way to replace text other than this method Please help .

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• Caesar Cipher in Java (Spanish Characters)

  - by Rodolfo

  I've reading this question, and I was wondering if Is there any way to consider the whole range of characters? For example, "á", "é", "ö", "ñ", and not consider " " (the [Space])? (For example, my String is "Hello World", and the standard result is "Khoor#Zruog"; I want to erase that "#", so the result would be "KhoorZruog") I'm sure my answer is in this piece of code: if (c >= 32 && c <= 127) { // Change base to make life easier, and use an // int explicitly to avoid worrying... cast later int x = c - 32; x = (x + shift) % 96; chars[i] = (char) (x + 32); } But I've tried some things, and it didn't work.

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• How to activate a solution in SharePoint 2010 using client object model?

  - by Boris

  Here's the situation: I have a customized SharePoint2010 site created. I saved that site as a site template, which has created a solution. I want to be able to activate that solution using SharePoint2010 client object model. Is that possible? If yes, could you show me how to do it? If no, then could you show me how it can be done using standard SharePoint object model, or any other method? Thank you for all the help.

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• ASP.Net MVC 2 on nginx/mono 2.8

  - by mace

  Hi, I am trying to setup ASP.Net MVC 2 application on Linux environment. I've installed Ubuntu 10.10 on VirtualBox, then installed Mono 2.8 from sources. After that I have installed nginx and configure it as recommended here. Unfortunately, FastCGI shows me standard error 500 page: No Application Found Unable to find a matching application for request: Host localhost:80 Port 80 Request Path /Default.aspx Physical Path /var/www/mvc/Default.aspx My application is located in /var/www/mvc directory. I've tried to create some stub Default.aspx file and place it in root dir of my application, but it didn't help, same error occured. Thanks.

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• Fastest way of creating XML from parent-child table in c#?

  - by rudnev

  Assume we have some DataTable or IEnumerable with ChildID, ParentID and Title. We need to serialize it to XML like <Entity title=""> <Entity title=""></Entity> <Entity title=""></Entity> </Entity> As i found out, standard DataTable.GetXML() returns something different. I thought about initializing class tree like Entity e = new Entity(ID, Title, ParentEntityID) and then serializing it. Table is about 3000 elems. Is there faster way?

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• How do I change the zone offset for a time in ruby?

  - by Janak

  I have a variable foo that contains a time, lets say 4pm today, but the zone offset is wrong, i.e. it is in the wrong time zone. How do I change the time zone? When I print it I get Fri Jun 26 07:00:00 UTC 2009 So there is no offset, and I would like to set the offset to -4 or Eastern Standard Time. I would expect to be able to just set the offset as a property of the Time object, but that doesn't seem to be available?

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• How to add external library properly in Eclipse?

  - by Peter

  So today I downloaded Apache Commons Lang library (binary, zip format). I extracted it to C:\eclipse\commons-lang-2.5 folder. There are a commons-lang-2.5.jar, a commons-lang-2.5-javadoc.jar, and a commons-lang-2.5-sources.jar inside, and a folder for HTML Javadoc. I started Eclipse, added commons-lang-2.5.jar, and set its source and Javadoc respectively as the screenshot below. My question is, is there a convenient or standard way to add external libraries? Or am I actually doing the right thing?

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