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• Is there a difference between multi-tasking and time-sharing?

  - by Dummy Derp

  Just going over my school notes, my teacher identifies multi-tasking OS, and time-sharing OS as two different things. I really don't see a difference between the two. MULTI-TASKING: You load a number of programs in the memory and execute them. You execute another program if the time quantum allocated to the current program expires OR if it goes on to do I/O and leaves the CPU OR if it finishes execution. TIME-SHARING: the same,again. The same applies in case of serial processing and batch processing. Although they are the same, I guess the only difference would be the way in which control information is passed to the CPU. Maybe, and again MAYBE, in serial processing you need to provide the punch cards with all the processes while in batch, the entire batch uses the same set of control information. Like all the print jobs would have the same control information.

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• How to securely serve S3 files to blog

  - by Hugo Palma

  I'm starting a blog and i'm in the process of choosing where should i host it. For now i want a free solution like Blogger or Wordpress.com. The problem i'm facing is that i want to use files i have in a S3 bucket in my blog but none of the blog solutions i found supports any kind of server code, which means that in order to use S3 query string authentication i would have to put vulnerable information in the client. For obvious reasons i don't want to do that. So, i'm looking for ideas on how i can safely include content from S3 in a free blog host.

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• Is programming in layers real?

  - by Aura

  I am fairly new in product development and I am trying to work over a product. The problem that I have realized is that people draw diagrams and charts showing different modules and layers. But as I am working alone (I am my own team) I got a bit confused about the interaction I am facing in the development within the programs and I am wondering whether developing a product in modules is real or not? Maybe I am not a great programmer, but I see no boundaries when data start to travel from frontend to backend.

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• C: What is a good source to teach standard/basic code conventions to someone newly learning the language?

  - by shan23

  I'm tutoring someone who can be described as a rank newcomer in C. Understandably, she does not know much about coding conventions generally practiced, and hence all her programs tend to use single letter vars, mismatched spacing/indentation and the like, making it very difficult to read/debug her endeavors. My question is, is there a link/set of guidelines and examples which she can use for adopting basic code conventions ? It should not be too arcane as to scare her off, yet inclusive enough to have the basics covered (so that no one woulc wince looking at the code). Any suggestions ?

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• Why does Linux/Ubuntu have an unorganised install solution?

  - by Matthew

  I started using Windows 7 again to play some of my games I had been missing and I have to say I've been relieved to be reintroduced to the standard installation area "Program Files". From what I've noticed on almost every Linux distribution there is like 5 different areas where games/programs or other odds and ends end up. When you install something, I feel as though you pretty much have to guess where it installed at. Which honestly don't make any sense to me. So my question is, why does it appear as though there is no standard on Linux/Ubuntu? I'm not saying it's a bad thing. I just want to understand the reasons behind it.

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• Boot time seems unusually long on MSI GX660R (bootchart included)

  - by Sman789

  After upgrading (clean install) to Ubuntu 12.04, the speed issue when running programs has reduced on my MSI GX660R laptop. However, the boot time is still much longer (over a minute, even after BIOS) than on the many less powerful laptops I have encountered running the same OS, and I was wondering if anyone could help me improve it. I use the FGLRX driver, if that makes any difference. I have uploaded a boot chart, it can be found here http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/4/bootchartl.png/ As you can see, the boot time is over a minute even after BIOS. A 'designed for Vista' laptop from ages ago which I installed Ubuntu on boots in around thirty seconds, so I think it's a bit strange. Output of dmesg: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1081359/ Output of /var/log/kern.log : http://paste.ubuntu.com/1081363/ Output of /var/log/syslog : http://paste.ubuntu.com/1081365/

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• Internal HDs that don't contain the OS aren't accessable unless I try to manually browse them

  - by Hrafn

  So I have 4 internal hard drives, one that contains the OS (Ubuntu 12.04), all ext4. After starting the computer up, and without having tried to access the drives (File manager, terminal etc) it seems like the drives haven't been mounted. If I go into the "Disks" utility I see that the disks haven't been mounted. Programs that try to access the HD's during startup throw an error. For example my music player can't find the library, my note taking software can't find the database etc. But after opening the drive in a file manager everything works. I've checked SMART on all the disks and everything is a ok. Any and all ideas would be appreciated.

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• Google I/O 2012 - Breaking the JavaScript Speed Limit with V8

  Google I/O 2012 - Breaking the JavaScript Speed Limit with V8 Daniel Clifford Are you are interested in making JavaScript run blazingly fast in Chrome? This talk takes a look under the hood in V8 to help you identify how to optimize your JavaScript code. We'll show you how to leverage V8's sampling profiler to eliminate performance bottlenecks and optimize JavaScript programs, and we'll expose how V8 uses hidden classes and runtime type feedback to generate efficient JIT code. Attendees will leave the session with solid optimization guidelines for their JavaScript app and a good understanding on how to best use performance tools and JavaScript idioms to maximize the performance of their application with V8. For all I/O 2012 sessions, go to developers.google.com From: GoogleDevelopers Views: 3049 113 ratings Time: 47:35 More in Science & Technology

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• Passing a Structure containing an array of String and an array of Integer into a C++ DLL

  - by DanJunior

  I'm having problems with marshaling in VB.NET to C++, here's the code : In the C++ DLL : struct APP_PARAM { int numData; LPCSTR *text; int *values; }; int App::StartApp(APP_PARAM params) { for (int i = 0; i < numLines; i++) { OutputDebugString(params.text[i]); } } In VB.NET : <StructLayoutAttribute(LayoutKind.Sequential)> _ Public Structure APP_PARAM Public numData As Integer Public text As System.IntPtr Public values As System.IntPtr End Structure Declare Function StartApp Lib "AppSupport.dll" (ByVal params As APP_PARAM) As Integer Sub Main() Dim params As APP_PARAM params.numData = 3 Dim text As String() = {"A", "B", "C"} Dim textHandle As GCHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(text) params.text = GCHandle.ToIntPtr(textHandle) Dim values As Integer() = {10, 20, 30} Dim valuesHandle As GCHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(values) params.values = GCHandle.ToIntPtr(heightHandle) StartApp(params) textHandle.Free() valuesHandle.Free() End Sub I checked the C++ side, the output from the OutputDebugString is garbage, the text array contains random characters. What is the correct way to do this?

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• Launcher disappears when Focuswriter is minimized

  - by Andreas

  This bug has to do with the integration of the full-screen writing app Focuswriter within Unity. It appeared before I upgraded from Ubuntu 12.04 to 12.10 - probably caused by a an automatically upgraded change that persist in 12.10: When I minimize Focuswriter after it has been in full-screen mode the launcher is invisible - instead of seeing it I just see a rectangle the color of my desktop background where it should have been. The launcher becomes visible if I click the area once but then I'm likely to hit an icon and unwillingly open a program. I've reported the bug to the developer of the program here: https://github.com/gottcode/focuswriter/issues/101 He has labeled the bug "upstream" saying that the bug is can only be fixed in Unity. My questions are: 1) does anyone (perhaps experiencing problems with other full-screen programs) have a solution or workaround so the launcher won't disappear? 2) where can I file a bug report for this problem?

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• How to Import a .bak file using MySQL?

  - by user682526

  I have no knowledge on MySQL and I have received a .bak file from one of my customer and he asked me to "import" this file using MySQL. I installed MysQL Community Server free download which installs MySQL Command Line Client. Now I don't know how to Import this .bak file and can't read the necessary data that I need. I tried installation of MySQL EE free trial as well but it doesn't give me anything that I can invoke the DB GUI so I can import the .bak file either. I'm frustrated now and can't go anywhere. Can you please help ? Thanks !

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• Architecture of a "website generator" web application

  - by Resorath

  What is the most maintainable and efficient way to architect a web application who's purpose is to host and generate websites which can be customized to a certain degree? There are a lot of these style of applications in the wild that generate all kinds of sites, from sites that host World of Warcraft guilds like guildlaunch to other sites like my wedding for wedding site hosting. My question is, what is the basic architecture that these sites operate on? I imagine there are two ways of thinking about this. A central set of code that all sites on the host run against, and it acts differently based on which site was visited. In this manner, when the base code is updated all sites are updated simultaneously. Or, the code for an individual site exists in a silo, and is simply replicated to a new directory each time a site is created. When an update needs to be applied, the code is pushed out to each site silo. In my case, I am working in PHP with the CodeIgniter framework, however the answer need not be limited to this case. Which method (if any) creates a more maintainable and efficient architecture to manage this style of web application?

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• What is Pseudocode?

  - by Jae

  I've seen a lot of mentions of Pseudocode lately, on this site and others. But I don't get it: What is Pseudocode? For example, the Wikipedia article below says "It uses the structural conventions of a programming language, but is intended for human reading rather than machine reading." Does this mean that it isn't actually used to make programs? Why is it used? How is it used? Is it considered a Programming Language? See the above Wikipedia quote. Is it commonly known/used? Anything else... I honestly don't know where to start with this. I have Googled it and I've seen the Wikipedia article on the topic, but I still don't fully understand what it is.

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• How do I install Adobe Acrobat Pro From Web Premium CS4,....?

  - by RedBunny

  I am Running the new Ubuntu 12.04 Beta 2, and am looking to install Adobe Acrobat Pro from My CS4 Web Premium CD. Whenever I try and install the setup.exe I get the following error: Internal Error - invalid parameters recieved. in a Wine Program Crash box. I am running wine 1.5 and have tried 1.4 also. I have used winetricks and PlayOnLinux, and cannot get it to install with either program. Any help would be appreciated,.... Also If I cant get it installed does anyone know any programs that can link .PDF files to MySql databases in Linux ,....? I really need this to be able to host some web forms for work. Thanx in Advance,..... ~RedBunny

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• Bending of track in a racing game

  - by caius

  I am trying to create a small racing game in which the track would be modeled using a BSpline curve for the path's center line and directional vectors to define the 'bending' of the track at each point. My problem is that I don't know how to calculate the correct bending / slope of the curve, in such a way that it would be optimal or at least visually nice for a car to 'bend in the corner'. My idea was to use the direction of the 2nd derivatives of the curve, however while this approach looks fine for most of the track, there are points in which the 2nd derivative makes sharp 'twists' / very quick 180 degree flips. I also read about 'knots' of bsplines, but I don't know if such 'twist' in 2nd derivatives is a knot or knots are something else. Can you tell me that using a BSpline: 1. How could I calculate a visually nice bending of a track for a racing game? 2. Is it possible to do this by using some simple calculations of centripertal force / gravity? 3. Is it possible to do this by using 1st, 2nd and 3rd derivatives of the BSpline curve? I am not looking for the 'physically correct' bending angle for the track, I would just like to create something which is visually pleasing in a simple game. I am using a framework which has a built-in class for BSpline, including support for 1st, 2nd and 3rd derivatives of the curve.

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• blurry images with mogrify & convert

  - by user140393

  Does anyone know why this image is so blurry? I did a convert from pdf to png and it turned out like that. Before deleting imagemagick and it's entire toolset from software-center most of my image programs were displaying like this image. Now for the most part it's just blurry, though a couple still display like that such as gimp. I am running in xfce maybe it's to do with the distribution enviornment. Main issue is the absurd blurriness. I reinstalled all additional packages that were available for imagemagick in the software-center I use convert *.pdf *.png & mogrify -format png *.pdf to convert Now on the other hand if I converted the file to djvu and converted that to a tif. The images have no problem converting. More so it does not generate an oversized tif file of around 25mb compared to 3mb with djvu which is super clear & no blurriness.

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• How can a programmer refine their skills in non-visual ways?

  - by Martin Josefsson

  I feel like when I am not writing, I am reading. When I come home from my programming job I write and read software and about software. The problem is though, both reading and writing requires my eyes to be focused. That doesn't work when I'm biking, cooking shopping for groceries. Sometime I use text-to-speech programs to listen to blogs, but I feel like there could be more. What ways can a software developer learn more without requiring eye focus? How to blind coders learn the craft?

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• How do I force my std::map to deallocate memory used?

  - by monkeyking

  I'm using a std::map, and I can't seem to free the memory back to the OS. It looks like, int main(){ aMap m; while(keepGoing){ while(fillUpMap){ //populate m } doWhatIwantWithMap(m); m.clear(); //flush some buffered values into map for next iteration flushIntoMap(m); } } Each (fillUpmap) allocates around 1gig, so I'm very much interested in getting this back to my system before it eats up all my memory. Ive experienced the same with std::vector, but there I could force it to free by doing a swap with an empty std::vector. This doesn't work with map. When I use valgrind it says that all memory is freed, so its not a problem with a leak, since everything is cleared up nicely after a run.

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• Are short abbreviated method/function names that don't use full words bad practice or a matter of style?

  - by Alb

  Is there nowadays any case for brevity over clarity with method names? Tonight I came across the Python method repr() which seems like a bad name for a method to me. It's not an English word. It apparently is an abbreviation of 'representation' and even if you can deduce that, it still doesn't tell you what the method does. A good method name is subjective to a certain degree, but I had assumed that modern best practices agreed that names should be at least full words and descriptive enough to reveal enough about the method that you would easily find one when looking for it. Method names made from words help let your code read like English. repr() seems to have no advantages as a name other than being short and IDE auto-complete makes this a non-issue. An additional reason given in an answer is that python names are brief so that you can do many things on one line. Surely the better way is to just extract the many things to their own function, and repeat until lines are not too long. Are these just a hangover from the unix way of doing things? Commands with names like ls, rm, ps and du (if you could call those names) were hard to find and hard to remember. I know that the everyday usage of commands such as these is different than methods in code so the matter of whether those are bad names is a different matter.

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• Trying to move away from PHP/Yii: RoR, Python/Django or ASP.NET MVC? Your opinions please [closed]

  - by Örs

  I have a CS degree and I've been working as a web developer (front & backend) for about 2 years now. I've been working with PHP mostly because it was easy to pick up and find a job, but I've grown to dislike the language and want to try something new, and possibly get a better paying job. That last point is especially important because in my area (Romania/Eastern Europe) PHP jobs are mostly for people fresh out of college/high school, hence the pay is rather low. I've been working with the Yii framework which, if I understand correctly, borrows a lot from Ruby on Rails (convention over configuration, MVC, Active Record, scaffolding). Other than PHP I only know curly-brace languages (C/C++/Java) and bash so Python/Ruby might be a bit challenging. On the other hand I've been using Linux (with vim and recently Sublime Text 2) for almost 4 years now so Windows and a lack of a terminal would have its downsides as well. I'm leaning towards Python/Ruby because of my *nix bias (plus both look like fun), but I've heard great things about ASP.NET MVC as well. Any suggestions? PS: I think there are more jobs in ASP.NET around here, but that's not necessarily a plus, because there are a lot of CS graduates as well. tl;dr: Romanian PHP/Yii developer trying to move to Python/Django or Ruby/Rails or C#/ASP.NET MVC. Suggestions?

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• How did we get saddled with the (hierarchical) filesystem as the basic data structure?

  - by user1936

  I'm self-taught and I don't have a CS degree. The more I've been learning about data structure, the more I wonder, in this day and age, how are we still saddled with the filesystem, with directories and files, as the basic data storage structure on the OS? I understand the simplicity of it, but it seems nowadays that there could be more options available natively. As far as I'm aware, the only project to improve the basic functionality of the filesystem was ReiserFS, where you could tell what line of a file was changed by whom, and when. For instance, if I could have native tagging for files, where I could tag images, diagrams, word-processing documents, an entire code repository, all as belonging to a single project, that would really be helpful to me. Since I'm stuck in the filesystem paradigm, I know that I could put all those into a single folder/directory, but what if they already exist in disparate directories, and they need to stay there? I know there are programs out there that can do this, but why aren't they on the filesystem? Something that would be nice to have is some kind of relational feature in the filesystem, like you get with RDBMSes. I understand that that was supposed to be part of Vista/7, but that fell off the feature list too. Sure, any program can store a binary file and have any data structure it wants in it, by why couldn't the OS offer more complex ways of storing data, beyond the simple heirarchy of the filesystem?

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• Need advice: Staying techie or going the MBA way?

  - by SharePoint Newbie

  I know this is a very subjective question and I am the best person to decide this for myself...but I am just looking for your views. I have 5 years of experience as a professional developer. I have a decent background in Maths and have done my bachelors in engineering in CS. I have still not reached a stage in my career where growth is difficult and do not foresee this happenning for a very long time if ever because I find myself constantly (self) motivated to pick up new skills. A lot of my friends have however been getting through their MBA lately ...and not from the likes of Harvard or Kellogs, just mediocre colleges. They've however been landing paychecks fatter than me even though they have little or no work experience. Given that I have the option of pursuing an MBA an have my finances in order (and am planning an MBA from INSEAD / IE) would it make sense for me to sell out what I like doing and go for an MBA? Will I regret not doing an MBA later, given that I am in the right age/experience group to do an MBA? I absolutely love what I am doing right now and also the people I'm doing it with, but am just worried if this career would be as rewarding financially as the one after a management degree.

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• Java vs COBOL programming examples

  - by Jodi

  I am a COBOL programmer, desperately trying to learn and program Java. Although I understand the OO priciples and concepts, I am at a lost putting all together. I am trying to find some examples on how code will look in COBOL vs Java - something a bit more complicated than "hello world" [I am past that initial headache! :-)], that includes OO principles - basically, a decent 1000+ liner in COBOL, with the Java code to work through. After working through book after book, doing the examples, and even writing small java programs at work, I think working through an example I can compare will be the best way to getting my thinking cap converted, and being able to do in Java what I can do after 10 years with COBOL. Can anybody help?

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• Sand, Sun and Partner Fun

  - by Kristin Rose

  Last Memorial Day weekend marked the unofficial start of summer and a time to remember those who fight for our freedom each day. It was a weekend complete with BBQ’s, beach time, and of course plenty of sunshine. Here at OPN, the start of summer marks an exciting time no doubt; a time where we finalize and fine tune some Oracle OpenWorld partner events, like this year’s Oracle PartnerNetwork Exchange @ OpenWorld program! Oracle is launching the new Oracle PartnerNetwork Exchange program to offer a new look and feel for partners attending OpenWorld. Get your bathing suits ready because this week long event will feature new deep dive content that will have you swimming in networking opportunities, including an Oracle Partner keynote with Oracle executives like Judson Althoff, SVP of WWA&C. For those who have already registered, be sure to bring your sunscreen as you take part in some exclusive, first degree exposure to Oracle’s top experts, providing a unique and unified partner experience.For those partners wanting to make a real splash, don’t forget that you will be able to complete OPN Certification testing onsite at Oracle OpenWorld. To learn more about the many opportunities and ways to engage with Oracle and other partners, watch the below video hosted by Lydia Smyers, GVP of WWA&C.Wishing you sun and fun,The OPN Communications Team

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• What should NOT be included in comments? (opinion on a dictum by the inventor of Forth)

  - by AKE

  The often provocative Chuck Moore (inventor of the Forth language) gave the following advice (paraphrasing): "Use comments sparingly. Programs are self-documenting, with a modicum of help from mnemonics. Comments should say WHAT the program is doing, not HOW." My question: Should comments say WHY the program is doing what it is doing? Update: In addition to the answers below, these two provide additional insight. 1: Beginner's guide to writing comments? 2: http://programmers.stackexchange.com/a/98609/62203

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