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• SQL SERVER – Copy Database – SQL in Sixty Seconds #067

  - by Pinal Dave

  There are multiple reasons why a user may want to make a copy of the database. Sometimes a user wants to copy the database to the same server and sometime wants to copy the database on a different server. The important point is that DBA and Developer may want copies of their database for various purposes. I copy my database for backup purpose. However, when we hear coping database – the very first thought which comes to our mind is – Backup and Restore or Attach and Detach. Both of these processes have their own advantage and disadvantages. The matter of the fact, those methods is much efficient and recommended methods. However, if you just want to copy your database as it is and do not want to go for advanced feature. You can just use the copy feature of the SQL Server. Here are the settings, which you can use to copy the database. SQL in Sixty Seconds Video I have attempted to explain the same subject in simple words over in following video. Action Item Here are the blog posts I have previously written on the subject of SA password. You can read it over here: Copy Database from Instance to Another Instance – Copy Paste in SQL Server Copy Database With Data – Generate T-SQL For Inserting Data From One Table to Another Table Copy Data from One Table to Another Table – SQL in Sixty Seconds #031 – Video Generate Script for Schema and Data – SQL in Sixty Seconds #021 – Video You can subscribe to my YouTube Channel for frequent updates. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: Joes 2 Pros, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLAuthority Book Review, SQLAuthority News, T SQL, Video

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• EC2 instance suddenly refusing SSH connections and won't respond to ping

  - by Chris

  My instance was running fine and this morning I was able to access a Ruby on Rails app hosted on it. An hour later I suddenly wasn't able to access my site, my SSH connection attempts were refused and the server wasn't even responding to ping. I didn't change anything on my system during that hour and reboots aren't fixing it. I've never had any problems connecting or pinging the system before. Can someone please help? This is on my production system! OS: CentOS 5 AMI ID: ami-10b55379 Type: m1.small [] ~% ssh -v *****@meeteor.com OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8l 5 Nov 2009 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Connecting to meeteor.com [184.73.235.191] port 22. debug1: connect to address 184.73.235.191 port 22: Connection refused ssh: connect to host meeteor.com port 22: Connection refused [] ~% ping meeteor.com PING meeteor.com (184.73.235.191): 56 data bytes Request timeout for icmp_seq 0 Request timeout for icmp_seq 1 Request timeout for icmp_seq 2 ^C --- meeteor.com ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100.0% packet loss [] ~% ========= System Log ========= Restarting system. Linux version 2.6.16-xenU ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.0.1 20050727 (Red Hat 4.0.1-5)) #1 SMP Mon May 28 03:41:49 SAST 2007 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 000000006a400000 (usable) 980MB HIGHMEM available. 727MB LOWMEM available. NX (Execute Disable) protection: active IRQ lockup detection disabled Built 1 zonelists Kernel command line: root=/dev/sda1 ro 4 Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done. Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done. Initializing CPU#0 PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 12, 65536 bytes) Xen reported: 2599.998 MHz processor. Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) Software IO TLB disabled vmalloc area: ee000000-f53fe000, maxmem 2d7fe000 Memory: 1718700k/1748992k available (1958k kernel code, 20948k reserved, 620k data, 144k init, 1003528k highmem) Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode... Ok. Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 5202.30 BogoMIPS (lpj=26011526) Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 CPU: L1 I Cache: 64K (64 bytes/line), D cache 64K (64 bytes/line) CPU: L2 Cache: 1024K (64 bytes/line) Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK. Brought up 1 CPUs migration_cost=0 Grant table initialized NET: Registered protocol family 16 Brought up 1 CPUs xen_mem: Initialising balloon driver. highmem bounce pool size: 64 pages VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1 Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes) Initializing Cryptographic API io scheduler noop registered io scheduler anticipatory registered (default) io scheduler deadline registered io scheduler cfq registered i8042.c: No controller found. RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize Xen virtual console successfully installed as tty1 Event-channel device installed. netfront: Initialising virtual ethernet driver. mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice md: md driver 0.90.3 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MD_SB_DISKS=27 md: bitmap version 4.39 NET: Registered protocol family 2 Registering block device major 8 IP route cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) TCP established hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes) TCP: Hash tables configured (established 262144 bind 65536) TCP reno registered TCP bic registered NET: Registered protocol family 1 NET: Registered protocol family 17 NET: Registered protocol family 15 Using IPI No-Shortcut mode md: Autodetecting RAID arrays. md: autorun ... md: ... autorun DONE. kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) readonly. Freeing unused kernel memory: 144k freed *************************************************************** *************************************************************** ** WARNING: Currently emulating unsupported memory accesses ** ** in /lib/tls glibc libraries. The emulation is ** ** slow. To ensure full performance you should ** ** install a 'xen-friendly' (nosegneg) version of ** ** the library, or disable tls support by executing ** ** the following as root: ** ** mv /lib/tls /lib/tls.disabled ** ** Offending process: init (pid=1) ** *************************************************************** *************************************************************** Pausing... 5Pausing... 4Pausing... 3Pausing... 2Pausing... 1Continuing... INIT: version 2.86 booting Welcome to CentOS release 5.4 (Final) Press 'I' to enter interactive startup. Setting clock : Fri Oct 1 14:35:26 EDT 2010 [ OK ] Starting udev: [ OK ] Setting hostname localhost.localdomain: [ OK ] No devices found Setting up Logical Volume Management: [ OK ] Checking filesystems Checking all file systems. [/sbin/fsck.ext3 (1) -- /] fsck.ext3 -a /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1: clean, 275424/1310720 files, 1161123/2621440 blocks [ OK ] Remounting root filesystem in read-write mode: [ OK ] Mounting local filesystems: [ OK ] Enabling local filesystem quotas: [ OK ] Enabling /etc/fstab swaps: [ OK ] INIT: Entering runlevel: 4 Entering non-interactive startup Starting background readahead: [ OK ] Applying ip6tables firewall rules: modprobe: FATAL: Module ip6_tables not found. ip6tables-restore v1.3.5: ip6tables-restore: unable to initializetable 'filter' Error occurred at line: 3 Try `ip6tables-restore -h' or 'ip6tables-restore --help' for more information. [FAILED] Applying iptables firewall rules: [ OK ] Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_ns [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: Determining IP information for eth0... done. [ OK ] Starting auditd: [FAILED] Starting irqbalance: [ OK ] Starting portmap: [ OK ] FATAL: Module lockd not found. Starting NFS statd: [ OK ] Starting RPC idmapd: FATAL: Module sunrpc not found. FATAL: Error running install command for sunrpc Error: RPC MTAB does not exist. Starting system message bus: [ OK ] Starting Bluetooth services:[ OK ] [ OK ] Can't open RFCOMM control socket: Address family not supported by protocol Mounting other filesystems: [ OK ] Starting PC/SC smart card daemon (pcscd): [ OK ] Starting hidd: Can't open HIDP control socket: Address family not supported by protocol [FAILED] Starting autofs: Starting automount: automount: test mount forbidden or incorrect kernel protocol version, kernel protocol version 5.00 or above required. [FAILED] [FAILED] Starting sshd: [ OK ] Starting cups: [ OK ] Starting sendmail: [ OK ] Starting sm-client: [ OK ] Starting console mouse services: no console device found[FAILED] Starting crond: [ OK ] Starting xfs: [ OK ] Starting anacron: [ OK ] Starting atd: [ OK ] % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 390 100 390 0 0 58130 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 58130 100 390 100 390 0 0 56984 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0 Starting yum-updatesd: [ OK ] Starting Avahi daemon... [ OK ] Starting HAL daemon: [ OK ] Starting OSSEC: [ OK ] Starting smartd: [ OK ] c CentOS release 5.4 (Final) Kernel 2.6.16-xenU on an i686 domU-12-31-39-00-C4-97 login: INIT: Id "2" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes INIT: Id "3" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes INIT: Id "4" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes INIT: Id "5" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes INIT: Id "6" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes

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• Getting error when using Oracle imp command to import dmp file

  - by blizz

  I am importing a dmp file using the following command: imp user/pass file=file.dmp log=logfile.log full=y ignore=y destroy=y I get the following errors: . . importing table "MESSAGE_BOARD" IMP-00058: ORACLE error 22993 encountered ORA-22993: specified input amount is greater than actual source amount IMP-00028: partial import of previous table rolled back: 219638 rows rolled back . . importing table "MESSAGE_BOARD_ARCHIVES" IMP-00058: ORACLE error 22993 encountered ORA-22993: specified input amount is greater than actual source amount IMP-00028: partial import of previous table rolled back: 2477960 rows rolled back I have tried increasing the tablespace size and adding a second datafile to no avail. I'm a total newb at Oracle so any help will be appreciated. Googled this for hours and still can't come up with a solution. Thanks!

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• postgresql deleteing old records from log tables

  - by Max

  I have a postgresql database which stores my radius connection information. What I want to do is only store a months worth of logs. How would I craft a sql statement that I can run from cron that would go and delete and rows that where older then a month? Format of the date in the table. that date is taken from acctstoptime collum Date format 2010-01-27 16:02:17-05 Format of the table in question. -- Table: radacct CREATE TABLE radacct ( radacctid bigserial NOT NULL, acctsessionid character varying(32) NOT NULL, acctuniqueid character varying(32) NOT NULL, username character varying(253), groupname character varying(253), realm character varying(64), nasipaddress inet NOT NULL, nasportid character varying(15), nasporttype character varying(32), acctstarttime timestamp with time zone, acctstoptime timestamp with time zone, acctsessiontime bigint, acctauthentic character varying(32), connectinfo_start character varying(50), connectinfo_stop character varying(50), acctinputoctets bigint, acctoutputoctets bigint, calledstationid character varying(50), callingstationid character varying(50), acctterminatecause character varying(32), servicetype character varying(32), xascendsessionsvrkey character varying(10), framedprotocol character varying(32), framedipaddress inet, acctstartdelay integer, acctstopdelay integer, freesidestatus character varying(32), CONSTRAINT radacct_pkey PRIMARY KEY (radacctid) ) WITH (OIDS=FALSE); ALTER TABLE radacct OWNER TO radius; -- Index: freesidestatus CREATE INDEX freesidestatus ON radacct USING btree (freesidestatus); -- Index: radacct_active_user_idx CREATE INDEX radacct_active_user_idx ON radacct USING btree (username, nasipaddress, acctsessionid) WHERE acctstoptime IS NULL; -- Index: radacct_start_user_idx CREATE INDEX radacct_start_user_idx ON radacct USING btree (acctstarttime, username);

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• Visio 2010 Professional No Database Tab

  - by JFB

  I am trying to create a ERD using VISIO Professional 2010 (full install) but I am having problems. I can't open the table properties windows at the bottom of the screen when I double click on a table, and I can't right-click on the table and choose properties because the choice is not there... The Database tab is missing from the ribbon on top. What can cause this? Here is what I already tried: File/Options/Trust Center/ Trust Center Settings.../Add-ins/Disable all Application Add-ins is UNCHECKED

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• SQL Saturday Atlanta: Intro To Performance Tuning

  - by Mike Femenella

  I'm looking forward to speaking in Atlanta on the 24th, will be fun to get back down that way to visit with some friends and present two topics that I really enjoy. First, an introduction to performance tuning. Performance tuning is a very wide and deep topic and we're staying close to the surface. I direct this class for newbie sql users who have less than 2 years of experience. It's all the things I wish someone would have told me in my first 2 years about what to look for when the database was slow...or allegedly slow I should say. We'll cover using profiler to find slow performing queries and how to save the data off to a table as well as a tour of other features. The difference between clustered, non clustered and covering indexes. How to look at and understand an execution plan (at a high level) and finally the difference between a temp table and a table variable and what the implications are of using either one in your code. That pretty much takes up a full hour. Second presentation, Loading Data in Real Time. It's really a presentation about partitioning but with a twist that we used at work recently to solve a need to load some data quickly and put it into production with minimal downtime. We'll cover partition functions, schemes,$partition, merge, sys.partitions and show some examples of building a set of partitioned tables and using the switch statement to move it from one table to another. Finally we'll cover the differences in partitioning between 2005 and 2008. Hope to see you there! And if you read my blog please introduce yourself!

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• C#/.NET Little Wonders: Static Char Methods

  - by James Michael Hare

  Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain. The index of all my past little wonders posts can be found here. Often times in our code we deal with the bigger classes and types in the BCL, and occasionally forgot that there are some nice methods on the primitive types as well.  Today we will discuss some of the handy static methods that exist on the char (the C# alias of System.Char) type. The Background I was examining a piece of code this week where I saw the following: 1: // need to get the 5th (offset 4) character in upper case 2: var type = symbol.Substring(4, 1).ToUpper(); 3:  4: // test to see if the type is P 5: if (type == "P") 6: { 7: // ... do something with P type... 8: } Is there really any error in this code?  No, but it still struck me wrong because it is allocating two very short-lived throw-away strings, just to store and manipulate a single char: The call to Substring() generates a new string of length 1 The call to ToUpper() generates a new upper-case version of the string from Step 1. In my mind this is similar to using ToUpper() to do a case-insensitive compare: it isn’t wrong, it’s just much heavier than it needs to be (for more info on case-insensitive compares, see #2 in 5 More Little Wonders). One of my favorite books is the C++ Coding Standards: 101 Rules, Guidelines, and Best Practices by Sutter and Alexandrescu.  True, it’s about C++ standards, but there’s also some great general programming advice in there, including two rules I love:         8. Don’t Optimize Prematurely         9. Don’t Pessimize Prematurely We all know what #8 means: don’t optimize when there is no immediate need, especially at the expense of readability and maintainability.  I firmly believe this and in the axiom: it’s easier to make correct code fast than to make fast code correct.  Optimizing code to the point that it becomes difficult to maintain often gains little and often gives you little bang for the buck. But what about #9?  Well, for that they state: “All other things being equal, notably code complexity and readability, certain efficient design patterns and coding idioms should just flow naturally from your fingertips and are no harder to write then the pessimized alternatives. This is not premature optimization; it is avoiding gratuitous pessimization.” Or, if I may paraphrase: “where it doesn’t increase the code complexity and readability, prefer the more efficient option”. The example code above was one of those times I feel where we are violating a tacit C# coding idiom: avoid creating unnecessary temporary strings.  The code creates temporary strings to hold one char, which is just unnecessary.  I think the original coder thought he had to do this because ToUpper() is an instance method on string but not on char.  What he didn’t know, however, is that ToUpper() does exist on char, it’s just a static method instead (though you could write an extension method to make it look instance-ish). This leads me (in a long-winded way) to my Little Wonders for the day… Static Methods of System.Char So let’s look at some of these handy, and often overlooked, static methods on the char type: IsDigit(), IsLetter(), IsLetterOrDigit(), IsPunctuation(), IsWhiteSpace() Methods to tell you whether a char (or position in a string) belongs to a category of characters. IsLower(), IsUpper() Methods that check if a char (or position in a string) is lower or upper case ToLower(), ToUpper() Methods that convert a single char to the lower or upper equivalent. For example, if you wanted to see if a string contained any lower case characters, you could do the following: 1: if (symbol.Any(c => char.IsLower(c))) 2: { 3: // ... 4: } Which, incidentally, we could use a method group to shorten the expression to: 1: if (symbol.Any(char.IsLower)) 2: { 3: // ... 4: } Or, if you wanted to verify that all of the characters in a string are digits: 1: if (symbol.All(char.IsDigit)) 2: { 3: // ... 4: } Also, for the IsXxx() methods, there are overloads that take either a char, or a string and an index, this means that these two calls are logically identical: 1: // check given a character 2: if (char.IsUpper(symbol[0])) { ... } 3:  4: // check given a string and index 5: if (char.IsUpper(symbol, 0)) { ... } Obviously, if you just have a char, then you’d just use the first form.  But if you have a string you can use either form equally well. As a side note, care should be taken when examining all the available static methods on the System.Char type, as some seem to be redundant but actually have very different purposes.  For example, there are IsDigit() and IsNumeric() methods, which sound the same on the surface, but give you different results. IsDigit() returns true if it is a base-10 digit character (‘0’, ‘1’, … ‘9’) where IsNumeric() returns true if it’s any numeric character including the characters for ½, ¼, etc. Summary To come full circle back to our opening example, I would have preferred the code be written like this: 1: // grab 5th char and take upper case version of it 2: var type = char.ToUpper(symbol[4]); 3:  4: if (type == 'P') 5: { 6: // ... do something with P type... 7: } Not only is it just as readable (if not more so), but it performs over 3x faster on my machine:    1,000,000 iterations of char method took: 30 ms, 0.000050 ms/item.    1,000,000 iterations of string method took: 101 ms, 0.000101 ms/item. It’s not only immediately faster because we don’t allocate temporary strings, but as an added bonus there less garbage to collect later as well.  To me this qualifies as a case where we are using a common C# performance idiom (don’t create unnecessary temporary strings) to make our code better. Technorati Tags: C#,CSharp,.NET,Little Wonders,char,string

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• Sorting versus hashing

  - by Paul Siegel

  My problem is as follows. I have an array of n strings with m < n of them distinct. I want to create a one-to-one function which assigns each of the m distinct strings to the numbers 0 ... m-1. For example, if my strings are: Bob, Amy, Bob, Charlie, Amy then the function: Bob -> 0, Amy -> 1, Charlie -> 2 would meet my needs. I have thought of three possible approaches: Sort the list of strings, remove duplicates, and construct the function using a search algorithm. Create a hash table and check each string to see if it is already in the table before inserting it. Sort the list of strings, remove duplicates, and put the resulting list into a hash table. My code will be written in Java, and I will likely use standard Java algorithms: merge sort for sorting, binary search for searching, and whatever the standard Java hash table algorithm is. Question: Assume that after creating the function I will have to evaluate it on each of the n original strings. Which of the three approaches is fastest? Is there a better way? Part of the problem is that I don't really know what's going on "under the hood" in standard hashing algorithms. Any help would be appreciated.

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• Reading a large SQL Errorlog

  - by steveh99999

  I came across an interesting situation recently where a SQL instance had been configured with the Audit of successful and failed logins being written to the errorlog. ie This meant… every time a user or the application connected to the SQL instance – an entry was written to the errorlog. This meant…  huge SQL Server errorlogs. Opening an errorlog in the usual way, using SQL management studio, was extremely slow… Luckily, I was able to use xp_readerrorlog to work around this – here’s some example queries..   To show errorlog entries from the currently active log, just for today :- DECLARE @now DATETIME DECLARE @midnight DATETIME SET @now = GETDATE() SET @midnight =  DATEADD(d, DATEDIFF(d, 0, getdate()), 0) EXEC xp_readerrorlog 0,1,NULL,NULL,@midnight,@now   To find out how big the current errorlog actually is, and what the earliest and most recent entries are in the errorlog :- CREATE TABLE #temp_errorlog (Logdate DATETIME, ProcessInfo VARCHAR(20),Text VARCHAR(4000)) INSERT INTO #temp_errorlog EXEC xp_readerrorlog 0 -- for current errorlog SELECT COUNT(*) AS 'Number of entries in errorlog', MIN(logdate) AS 'ErrorLog Starts', MAX(logdate) AS 'ErrorLog Ends' FROM #temp_errorlog DROP TABLE #temp_errorlog To show just DBCC history  information in the current errorlog :- EXEC xp_readerrorlog 0,1,'dbcc'   To show backup errorlog entries in the current errorlog :- CREATE TABLE #temp_errorlog (Logdate DATETIME, ProcessInfo VARCHAR(20),Text VARCHAR(4000)) INSERT INTO #temp_errorlog EXEC xp_readerrorlog 0 -- for current errorlog SELECT * from #temp_errorlog WHERE ProcessInfo = 'Backup' ORDER BY Logdate DROP TABLE #temp_errorlog XP_Errorlog is an undocumented system stored procedure – so no official Microsoft link describing the parameters it takes – however,  there’s a good blog on this here And, if you do have a problem with huge errorlogs – please consider running system stored procedure  sp_cycle_errorlog on a nightly or regular basis.  But if you do this,  remember to change the amount of errorlogs you do retain – the default of 6 might not be sufficient for you….

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• Azure Blob storage defrag

  - by kaleidoscope

  The Blob Storage is really handy for storing temporary data structures during a scaled-out distributed processing. Yet, the lifespan of those data structures should not exceed the one of the underlying operation, otherwise clutter and dead data could potentially start filling up your Blob Storage Temporary data in cloud computing is very similar to memory collection in object oriented languages, when it's not done automatically by the framework, temp data tends to leak. In particular, in cloud computing,  it's pretty easy to end up with storage leaks due to: Collection omission. App crash. Service interruption. All those events cause garbage to accumulate into your Blob Storage. Then, it must be noted that for most cloud apps, I/O costs are usually predominant compared to pure storage costs. Enumerating through your whole Blob Storage to clean the garbage is likely to be an expensive solution. Lokesh, M

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• System Requirements of a write-heavy applications serving hundreds of requests per second

  - by Rolando Cruz

  NOTE: I am a self-taught PHP developer who has little to none experience managing web and database servers. I am about to write a web-based attendance system for a very large userbase. I expect around 1000 to 1500 users logged-in at the same time making at least 1 request every 10 seconds or so for a span of 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week. So it's more or less 100 requests per second, or at the very worst 1000 requests in a second (average of 16 concurrent requests? But it could be higher given the short timeframe that users will make these requests. crosses fingers to avoid 100 concurrent requests). I expect two types of transactions, a local (not referring to a local network) and a foreign transaction. local transactions basically download userdata in their locality and cache it for 1 - 2 weeks. Attendance equests will probably be two numeric strings only: userid and eventid. foreign transactions are for attendance of those do not belong in the current locality. This will pass in the following data instead: (numeric) locality_id, (string) full_name. Both requests are done in Ajax so no HTML data included, only JSON. Both type of requests expect at the very least a single numeric response from the server. I think there will be a 50-50 split on the frequency of local and foreign transactions, but there's only a few bytes of difference anyways in the sizes of these transactions. As of this moment the userid may only reach 6 digits and eventid are 4 to 5-digit integers too. I expect my users table to have at least 400k rows, and the event table to have as many as 10k rows, a locality table with at least 1500 rows, and my main attendance table to increase by 400k rows (based on the number of users in the users table) a day for 3 days a week (1.2M rows a week). For me, this sounds big. But is this really that big? Or can this be handled by a single server (not sure about the server specs yet since I'll probably avail of a VPS from ServInt or others)? I tried to read on multiple server setups Heatbeat, DRBD, master-slave setups. But I wonder if they're really necessary. the users table will add around 500 1k rows a week. If this can't be handled by a single server, then if I am to choose a MySQL replication topology, what would be the best setup for this case? Sorry, if I sound vague or the question is too wide. I just don't know what to ask or what do you want to know at this point.

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• Excel Data Organization: Array Formulas? Tables? Named Range?

  - by Joe Arasin

  I'm trying to make a huge Excel sheet reasonably maintainable, but it's huge in the "hundred-table-db" direction, rather than the "hundred-thousand-row-table" direction. I want to have a baseline data table that looks something like this: | Indicator | Units | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | Source | | GDP | $Gazillion | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | BLS | | Population | Millions | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 | Census | | PetMonkeyPopulation | Thousands | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | SimiansRUs | And then be able to have another sheet that looks like: | | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | | MonkeysPerCapita | .1 | .2 | .3 | .4 | | MonkeysPerDollar | .01 | .01 | .01 | .01 | | GDPPerCapita | 300 | 400 | 450 | 600 | Is there some standard way to make this kind of thing maintainable?

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• to Recovery data after TRUNCATE

  - by ankur kaushik

  in mysql can we recover the table after truncate reply

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• Little mysterious RowMatch

  - by kishore.kondepudi(at)oracle.com

  Incidentally this was the first piece of code i ever wrote in ADF.The requirement was we have tax rates which are read from a table.And there can be different type of tax rates called certificates or exceptions based on the rate_type column in the tax rates table.The simplest design i chose was to create an EO on the tax rates table and create two VO's called CertificateVO and ExceptionVO based on the same EO.So far so good.I wrote all the business logic in the EO and completed the model project.The CertificateVO has the query as select * from tax_rates TaxRateEO where rate_type='CERTIFICATE' and similary the ExceptionVO is also built.The UI is pretty simple and it has two tabs called Certificates and Exceptions and each table has a button to create a tax rate.The certificate tab is driven by CertificateVO and exception tab is driven by ExceptionVO.The CertificateVO has default value of rate_type set to 'CERTIFICATE' and ExceptionVO has default value of rate_type to 'EXCEPTION' to default values for new records.So far so good.But on running the UI i noticed a strange thing,When i create a new row in Certificate i see the same row in Exception too and vice-versa.i.e; what ever row i create in one VO it also appears in the second one although it shouldn't be.I couldn't understand the reason for behavior even though an explicit where clause is present.Digging through documentation i found that ADF doesnt apply the where clause to new rows instead it applies something called as RowMatch to them.RowMatch in simple terms is a where condition applied to the VO rows at runtime.Since we had both VO's based on the same EO we have the same entity cache.The filter factor for new rows to be shown in VO at runtime is actually RowMatch than the where clause defined in the VO.The default RowMatch is empty as a result any new row appears in both the VO's since its from same entity cache.The solution to this problem is to use polymorphic view objects which can do the row filter based on configuration or override the getRowMatch() method in the VOImpl and pass the custom where filter instead of default RowMatch.Eg:@Overridepublic RowMatch getRowMatch(){    return new RowMatch("rate_type='CERTIFICATE'");}similarly for ExceptionVO too.With proper RowMatch in place new rows will route themselves to appropriate VO.PS: The behavior(Same row pushed to both VO's from entity cache) is also called as ViewLink Consistency.Try it out!

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• SQL SERVER – Grouping by Multiple Columns to Single Column as A String

  - by pinaldave

  One of the most common questions I receive in email is how to group multiple column data in comma separate values in a single row grouping by another column. I have previously blogged about it in following two blog posts. However, both aren’t addressing the following exact problem. Comma Separated Values (CSV) from Table Column Comma Separated Values (CSV) from Table Column – Part 2 The question comes in many different formats but in following image I am demonstrating the same question in simple words. This is the most popular question on my Facebook page as well. (Example) Here is the sample script to build the sample dataset. CREATE TABLE TestTable (ID INT, Col VARCHAR(4)) GO INSERT INTO TestTable (ID, Col) SELECT 1, 'A' UNION ALL SELECT 1, 'B' UNION ALL SELECT 1, 'C' UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'A' UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'B' UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'C' UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'D' UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'E' GO SELECT * FROM TestTable GO Here is the solution which will build an answer to the above question. -- Get CSV values SELECT t.ID, STUFF( (SELECT ',' + s.Col FROM TestTable s WHERE s.ID = t.ID FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'') AS CSV FROM TestTable AS t GROUP BY t.ID GO I hope this is an easy solution. I am going to point to this blog post in the future for all the similar questions. Final Clean Up Act -- Clean up DROP TABLE TestTable GO Here is the question back to you - Is there any better way to write above script? Please leave a comment and I will write a separate blog post with due credit. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: SQL XML

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• Recover from running "route -f"

  - by James L.

  I was trying to capture localhost traffic with Ethereal, which doesn't work without re-routing localhost traffic to your router gateway. I didn't get the route command quite right, and messed up my routing table. I typed route -f to clear the routing table and rebooted, but when I finished rebooting, the routing table wasn't restored to its original state. I didn't use the -p parameter, so none of my changes should have persisted after a reboot. What can I do to restore the routing table to its default routes?

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• How to change the placement of the left border of tables in Word

  - by mkva

  Hallo everybody I have the following problem: in MS Word, the left-side (and also the right-side) border is not aligned with the rest of the text on a page. It's actually the text in the first column of a table that is aligned with the text outside the table. And the table border is a little bit to the left. I find this layout quite a bit annoying, as I don't want to have any elements on a page outside the range that is used by normal text. Now my question: is it possible to have tables in Word such that the border lines align with the text outside the table? Thanks, Markus

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• SQL Azure Federation - how much data before performance benefits?

  - by Donald Hughes

  To avoid premature optimization, I don't want to implement SQL Azure's Federation too early. Is there a rule of thumb for how much data a table would need to have before seeing performance benefits from sharding? I know there won't be a precise answer as there are too many variables to consider, especially with much of SQL Azure's resources being hidden/unknown. To put it into several, more concrete examples, would Federation improve performance in any of the below table scenarios: 100,000 rows (~ 200 MB) 1,000,000 rows (~ 2 GB) 10,000,000 rows (~ 20 GB) 100,000,000 rows (~ 200 GB) For the sake of elaboration, we can assume this is the largest table that would be federated, which consists of order details, which is joined to an orders table with a 'customer_id' foreign key, which would be the distribution key. This is a fairly standard multi-tenant, CRUD order entry system, with a typical assortment of reporting needs (customer order totals by day/month/year, etc).

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• sp_help

  - by David-Betteridge

  One of the nice things about SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) is that you can highlight a table name in a script and press Alt + F1 to perform sp_help on it. Unfortunately I've never been able to use that feature as the majority of the tables in our product belong to a schema other than dbo.    On a long train journey back to York I wondered if I could solve this problem by writing my own replacement for sp_help (which I’ve called sp_help_table_schemas).  My version works by first checking the system tables to find out which schemas the table belongs to SELECT s.Name   --Find the schema FROM sys.schemas s  JOIN sys.tables t on t.schema_id = s.schema_id  WHERE t.name = 'Orders'It then dynamically calls the standard sp_help method but this time supplying the table owner as well.SET @cmd = 'EXEC sp_help ''' + QUOTENAME(@SchemaName) + '.' + QUOTENAME(@ObjectName) + ''' ;' ;           EXEC ( @cmd )Once I had proved the basics worked I wrapped it up into a stored procedure and deployed it to the master database on my laptop.  It was then just a question of going into Tools à Options within SSMS and defining the keyboard short cutA couple of notes You can’t amend the existing Alt+F1 entry to I went with Ctrl+F1.  You need to open new query window for the change to be picked upSo I can now highlight a table name and press Ctrl+F1 The completed script is attached.   Thanks go to Martin Bell who reviewed my stored procedure and give some valuable advice.

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• Changing the placement of the left border of tables in Word

  - by mkva

  Is it possible to have tables in Word such that the border lines align with the text outside the table? In MS Word, the left-side (and also the right-side) border is by default not aligned with the rest of the text on a page. It's actually the text in the first column of a table that is aligned with the text outside the table. And the table border is a little bit to the left. I find this layout quite a bit annoying, as I don't want to have any elements on a page outside the range that is used by normal text. I know that I can change the column delimiters manually (via the ruler). I'm looking for some more automatic way like setting the defaults for the whole document or such.

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• Comparing Dates in Oracle Business Rule Decision Tables

  - by James Taylor

  I have been working with decision tables for some time but have never had a scenario where I need to compare dates. The use case was to check if a persons membership had expired. I didn't think much of it till I started to develop it. The first trap I feel into was trying to create ranges and bucket sets. The other trap I fell into was not converting the date field to a complete date. This may seem obvious to most people but my Google searches came up with nothing so I thought I would create a quick post. I assume everyone knows how to create a decision table so I'm not going to go through those steps. The prerequisite for this post is to have a decision table with a payload that has a date field. This filed must have the date in the following format YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss. Create a new condition in your decision table Right-click on the condition to edit it and select the expression builder In the expression builder, select the Functions tab. Expand the CurrentDate file and select date, and click Insert Into Expression button. In the Expression Builder you need to create an expression that will return true or false, add the operation <= after the CurrentDate.date In my scenario my date field is memberExpire, Navigate to your date field and expand, select toGregorianCalendar(). Your expression will look something like this, click OK to get back to the decision table Now its just a matter of checking if the value is true or false. Simple when you know how :-)

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• SSIS Send Mail Task and ForceExecutionValue Error

  - by Kevin Shyr

  I tried to use the "ForcedExecutionValue" on several Send Mail Tasks and log the execution into a ExecValueVariable so that at the end of the package I can log into a table to say whether the data check is successful or not (by determine whether an email was sent out) I set up a Boolean variable that is accessible at the package level, then set up my Send Mail Task as the screenshot below with Boolean as my ForcedExecutionValueType.  When I run the package, I got the error described below. Just to make sure this is not another issue of SSIS having with Boolean type ( you also can't set variable value from xp_cmdshell of type Boolean), I used variables of types String, Int32, DateTime with the corresponding ForcedExecutionValueType.  The only way to get around this error, was to set my variable to type Object, but then when you try to get the value out later, the Object is null. I didn't spend enough time on this to see whether it's really a bug in SSIS or not, or is this just how Send Mail Task works.  Just want to log the error and will circle back on this later to narrow down the issue some more.  In the meantime, please share if you have run into the same problem.  The current workaround is to attach a script task at the end. Also, need to note 2 existing limitation: Data check needs to be done serially because every check needs to be inner join to a master table.  The master table has all the data in a single XML column and hence need to be retrieved with XQuery (a fundamental design flaw that needs to be changed) The next iteration will be to change this design into a FOR loop and pull out the checking query from a table somewhere with all the info needed for email task, but is being put to the back of the priority. Error Message: Error: 0xC001F009 at CountCheckBetweenODSAndCleanSchema: The type of the value being assigned to variable "User::WasErrorEmailEverSent" differs from the current variable type. Variables may not change type during execution. Variable types are strict, except for variables of type Object. Error: 0xC0019001 at Send Mail Task on count mismatch: The wrapper was unable to set the value of the variable specified in the ExecutionValueVariable property.   Screenshot of my Send Mail Task setup:

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• Grouping a comma separated value on common data [closed]

  - by Ankit

  I have a table with col1 id int, col2 as varchar (comma separated values) and column 3 for assigning group to them. Table looks like col1 col2 group .............................. 1 2,3,4 2 5,6 3 1,2,5 4 7,8 5 11,3 6 22,8 This is only the sample of real data, now I have to assign a group no to them in such a way that output looks like col1 col2 group .............................. 1 2,3,4 1 2 5,6 1 3 1,2,5 1 4 7,8 2 5 11,3 1 6 22,8 2 The logic for assigning group no is that every similar comma separated value of string in col2 have to be same group no as every where in col2 where '2' is there it has to be same group no but the complication is that 2,3,4 are together so they all three int value if found in any where in col2 will be assigned same group. The major part is 2,3,4 and 1,2,5 both in col2 have 2 so all int 1,2,3,4,5 have to assign same group no. Tried store procedure with match against on col2 but not getting desired result Most imp (I can't use normalization, because I can't afford to make new table from my original table which have millions of records), even normalization is not helpful in my context. This question is also on stackoverflow with bounty on this link Achieved so far:- I have set the group column auto increment and then wrote this procedure:- BEGIN declare cil1_new,col2_new,group_new int; declare done tinyint default 0; declare group_new varchar(100); declare cur1 cursor for select col1,col2,`group` from company ; DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1; open cur1; REPEAT fetch cur1 into col1_new,col2_new,group_new; update company set group=group_new where match(col2) against(concat("'",col2_new,"'")); until done end repeat; close cur1; select * from company; END This procedure is working, no syntax mistake but the problem is that I am not achieving the desired result exactly.

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• Building Queries Systematically

  - by Jeremy Smyth

  The SQL language is a bit like a toolkit for data. It consists of lots of little fiddly bits of syntax that, taken together, allow you to build complex edifices and return powerful results. For the uninitiated, the many tools can be quite confusing, and it's sometimes difficult to decide how to go about the process of building non-trivial queries, that is, queries that are more than a simple SELECT a, b FROM c; A System for Building Queries When you're building queries, you could use a system like the following:  Decide which fields contain the values you want to use in our output, and how you wish to alias those fields Values you want to see in your output Values you want to use in calculations . For example, to calculate margin on a product, you could calculate price - cost and give it the alias margin. Values you want to filter with. For example, you might only want to see products that weigh more than 2Kg or that are blue. The weight or colour columns could contain that information. Values you want to order by. For example you might want the most expensive products first, and the least last. You could use the price column in descending order to achieve that. Assuming the fields you've picked in point 1 are in multiple tables, find the connections between those tables Look for relationships between tables and identify the columns that implement those relationships. For example, The Orders table could have a CustomerID field referencing the same column in the Customers table. Sometimes the problem doesn't use relationships but rests on a different field; sometimes the query is looking for a coincidence of fact rather than a foreign key constraint. For example you might have sales representatives who live in the same state as a customer; this information is normally not used in relationships, but if your query is for organizing events where sales representatives meet customers, it's useful in that query. In such a case you would record the names of columns at either end of such a connection. Sometimes relationships require a bridge, a junction table that wasn't identified in point 1 above but is needed to connect tables you need; these are used in "many-to-many relationships". In these cases you need to record the columns in each table that connect to similar columns in other tables. Construct a join or series of joins using the fields and tables identified in point 2 above. This becomes your FROM clause. Filter using some of the fields in point 1 above. This becomes your WHERE clause. Construct an ORDER BY clause using values from point 1 above that are relevant to the desired order of the output rows. Project the result using the remainder of the fields in point 1 above. This becomes your SELECT clause. A Worked Example   Let's say you want to query the world database to find a list of countries (with their capitals) and the change in GNP, using the difference between the GNP and GNPOld columns, and that you only want to see results for countries with a population greater than 100,000,000. Using the system described above, we could do the following:  The Country.Name and City.Name columns contain the name of the country and city respectively.  The change in GNP comes from the calculation GNP - GNPOld. Both those columns are in the Country table. This calculation is also used to order the output, in descending order To see only countries with a population greater than 100,000,000, you need the Population field of the Country table. There is also a Population field in the City table, so you'll need to specify the table name to disambiguate. You can also represent a number like 100 million as 100e6 instead of 100000000 to make it easier to read. Because the fields come from the Country and City tables, you'll need to join them. There are two relationships between these tables: Each city is hosted within a country, and the city's CountryCode column identifies that country. Also, each country has a capital city, whose ID is contained within the country's Capital column. This latter relationship is the one to use, so the relevant columns and the condition that uses them is represented by the following FROM clause:  FROM Country JOIN City ON Country.Capital = City.ID The statement should only return countries with a population greater than 100,000,000. Country.Population is the relevant column, so the WHERE clause becomes:  WHERE Country.Population > 100e6  To sort the result set in reverse order of difference in GNP, you could use either the calculation, or the position in the output (it's the third column): ORDER BY GNP - GNPOld or ORDER BY 3 Finally, project the columns you wish to see by constructing the SELECT clause: SELECT Country.Name AS Country, City.Name AS Capital,        GNP - GNPOld AS `Difference in GNP`  The whole statement ends up looking like this:  mysql> SELECT Country.Name AS Country, City.Name AS Capital, -> GNP - GNPOld AS `Difference in GNP` -> FROM Country JOIN City ON Country.Capital = City.ID -> WHERE Country.Population > 100e6 -> ORDER BY 3 DESC; +--------------------+------------+-------------------+ | Country            | Capital    | Difference in GNP | +--------------------+------------+-------------------+ | United States | Washington | 399800.00 | | China | Peking | 64549.00 | | India | New Delhi | 16542.00 | | Nigeria | Abuja | 7084.00 | | Pakistan | Islamabad | 2740.00 | | Bangladesh | Dhaka | 886.00 | | Brazil | Brasília | -27369.00 | | Indonesia | Jakarta | -130020.00 | | Russian Federation | Moscow | -166381.00 | | Japan | Tokyo | -405596.00 | +--------------------+------------+-------------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec) Queries with Aggregates and GROUP BY While this system might work well for many queries, it doesn't cater for situations where you have complex summaries and aggregation. For aggregation, you'd start with choosing which columns to view in the output, but this time you'd construct them as aggregate expressions. For example, you could look at the average population, or the count of distinct regions.You could also perform more complex aggregations, such as the average of GNP per head of population calculated as AVG(GNP/Population). Having chosen the values to appear in the output, you must choose how to aggregate those values. A useful way to think about this is that every aggregate query is of the form X, Y per Z. The SELECT clause contains the expressions for X and Y, as already described, and Z becomes your GROUP BY clause. Ordinarily you would also include Z in the query so you see how you are grouping, so the output becomes Z, X, Y per Z.  As an example, consider the following, which shows a count of  countries and the average population per continent:  mysql> SELECT Continent, COUNT(Name), AVG(Population)     -> FROM Country     -> GROUP BY Continent; +---------------+-------------+-----------------+ | Continent     | COUNT(Name) | AVG(Population) | +---------------+-------------+-----------------+ | Asia          |          51 |   72647562.7451 | | Europe        |          46 |   15871186.9565 | | North America |          37 |   13053864.8649 | | Africa        |          58 |   13525431.0345 | | Oceania       |          28 |    1085755.3571 | | Antarctica    |           5 |          0.0000 | | South America |          14 |   24698571.4286 | +---------------+-------------+-----------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) In this case, X is the number of countries, Y is the average population, and Z is the continent. Of course, you could have more fields in the SELECT clause, and  more fields in the GROUP BY clause as you require. You would also normally alias columns to make the output more suited to your requirements. More Complex Queries  Queries can get considerably more interesting than this. You could also add joins and other expressions to your aggregate query, as in the earlier part of this post. You could have more complex conditions in the WHERE clause. Similarly, you could use queries such as these in subqueries of yet more complex super-queries. Each technique becomes another tool in your toolbox, until before you know it you're writing queries across 15 tables that take two pages to write out. But that's for another day...

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• PHP ORM style of querying

  - by Petah

  Ok so I have made an ORM library for PHP. It uses syntax like so: *(assume that $business_locations is an array)* Business::type(Business:TYPE_AUTOMOTIVE)-> size(Business::SIZE_SMALL)-> left_join(BusinessOwner::table(), BusinessOwner::business_id(), SQL::OP_EQUALS, Business::id())-> left_join(Owner::table(), SQL::OP_EQUALS, Owner::id(), BusinessOwner::owner_id())-> where(Business::location_id(), SQL::in($business_locations))-> group_by(Business::id())-> select(SQL::count(BusinessOwner::id()); Which can also be represented as: $query = new Business(); $query->set_type(Business:TYPE_AUTOMOTIVE); $query->set_size(Business::SIZE_SMALL); $query->left_join(BusinessOwner::table(), BusinessOwner::business_id(), SQL::OP_EQUALS, $query->id()); $query->left_join(Owner::table(), SQL::OP_EQUALS, Owner::id(), BusinessOwner::owner_id()); $query->where(Business::location_id(), SQL::in($business_locations)); $query->group_by(Business::id()); $query->select(SQL::count(BusinessOwner::id()); This would produce a query like: SELECT COUNT(`business_owners`.`id`) FROM `businesses` LEFT JOIN `business_owners` ON `business_owners`.`business_id` = `businesses`.`id` LEFT JOIN `owners` ON `owners`.`id` = `business_owners`.`owner_id` WHERE `businesses`.`type` = 'automotive' AND `businesses`.`size` = 'small' AND `businesses`.`location_id` IN ( 1, 2, 3, 4 ) GROUP BY `businesses`.`id` Please keep in mind that the syntax might not be prefectly correct (I only wrote this off the top of my head) Any way, what do you think of this style of querying? Is the first method or second better/clearer/cleaner/etc? What would you do to improve it?

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