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• Must partprobe before using drive?

  - by Jeff Welling

  This is a followup question to Cannot mount /dev/sdc1 on Debian 5.0, special device /dev/sdc1 doesn't exist Basically, I have 6 SATA hard drives in a machine and I'm trying to create a RAID6 array with them. When I try to run the mdadm command to create (with the verbose option) a raid array, I see messages like "mdadm: super1.x cannot open /dev/sdf1: No such device or address" which are resolved by doing partprobe /dev/sdf and then re-running the mdadm command. The problem is that I have to run partprobe after each reboot, and from experience I don't think this is normal behaviour -- on no other linux machine do I have to partprobe the device before I can use it. Something must be going wrong, but how do I troubleshoot this to find out what? Could this be caused by a hardware problem? Edit: Additional note - before I seemed to only have this problem with one drive, but now I'm having it with 3 drives.

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• Dedicate a NIC to a Virtualbox VM

  - by John Gardeniers

  On a machine with multiple NICs, running either Windows or Linux, is it possible to dedicate a NIC to a VM such that the host won't even try to use it for itself? I suspect it isn't even possible but if it is, which OS and version and just how would I set it up? The reason for this, apart from academic curiosity, is that I'm trying to set up a network lab for testing purposes. I currently have only a single spare machine, otherwise this wouldn't be an issue. One of the VMs will be the firewall for this lab network, so will need a dedicated NIC for the WAN interface. Neither ESXi nor Xen server will run on the machine, so I have to use a host OS.

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• Proxy arp and 1:1 NAT

  - by daniel4er

  I have a Linux router with 2 NICs doing masquerade from network 192.168.0.0/24 to an ADSL router. users <----> NIC A [router] NIC B <----> INTERNET Now I'm experimenting with proxy arp on the NIC A to intercept all the IP requests in the network. I have a pool of addresses in the 192.168.0.0/24 network for this users. How can I translate, saythe IP10.0.0.64to192.168.0.64` in order to grant it internet access? I have already tried SNAT - DNAT, even I have written a NFQUEUE app to spoof the IP address with no luck.

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• setting domains

  - by allenskd

  I'm setting a local webserver to do a lot of web development work from now on. I'm not really knowledgeable in hosting configuration. Thing is I just added mydomain.com in /etc/hosts that's fine but what's the next step? TI need to use the wildcard on *.mydomain.com, so I'm figuring I need to add my zone in bind, is this correct? so I can make use of virtual hosts in apache and in play-framework Everything will be local, but once in a while I want to make public of my webserver to certain people using the no-ip service, in windows I've done it, in linux I don't know if it's any difference. The question is pretty much if I'm configuring it right or not? If this sounds confusing let me know, I'll try to detail it more

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• What CPU hardware performance counter tool do you guys use?

  - by Hao Shen

  I just want to know the popular tool that I can use. Originally, I used Perfmon2. However, recently, I installed the lastest Ubuntu 12 on my Ivy Bridge i7 machine. Then there is some compilation error for the Pfmon. :< From here http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.comp.linux.perfmon2.devel/3255 , it seems that the Perfmon2 will not work after the kernel 2.6.30. So it suggests to use perf tool. I just want to confirm is there any popular application level performance counter monitor tool which can be used for the later kernel version?

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• Unexpected results from custom partitioning scheme - Ubuntu preseed unattended install

  - by Mark Renouf

  Hi... I need some help with partman-auto custom recipe in preseed.... it's doing unexpected things, the docs aren't so clear. This is in my preseed file: d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \ boot-root-var :: \ 1024 100 1024 ext4 \ $primary{ } $bootable{ } \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \ mountpoint{ /boot } \ . \ 2048 50 4096 ext4 \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \ mountpoint{ / } \ . \ 4096 25 100000 ext4 \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \ mountpoint{ /var } \ . \ 256 75 100% linux-swap \ method{ swap } format{ } \ . Given an 80GB drive. I ended up with these partitions: / 2GB /boot 1GB /var 4GB swap 72GB What went wrong? What I want is: / 2GB /boot 1GB /var 72GB swap 4GB

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• How do I make kdump use a permissible range of memory for the crash kernel?

  - by Philip Durbin

  I've read the Red Hat Knowledgebase article "How do I configure kexec/kdump on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5?" at http://kbase.redhat.com/faq/docs/DOC-6039 and http://prefetch.net/blog/index.php/2009/07/06/using-kdump-to-get-core-files-on-fedora-and-centos-hosts/ The crashkernel=128M@16M kernel parameter works fine for me in a RHEL 6.0 beta VM, but not on the RHEL 5.5 hosts I've tried. dmesg shows me: Memory for crash kernel (0x0 to 0x0) notwithin permissible range disabling kdump Here's the line from grub.conf: kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.3.1.el5 ro root=/dev/md2 console=ttyS0,115200 panic=15 rhgb quiet crashkernel=128M@16M How do I make kdump use a permissible range of memory for the crash kernel?

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• Problems with SCP stalling during file copy over VPN

  - by MattC

  I have a series of files I need to copy via SCP over a VPN to a remote linux server each night. The files are not large, we're talking about tens of megabytes here, but the file copy almost always stalls after a few seconds. Running the SCP command with -vvv, I see the following over and over throughout the attempted copy process: debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 131072 debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 131072 debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 131072 Any thoughts? I see this question being asked in various places out there, but never any answers. Any help would be appreciated.

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• Ubuntu mount hard drive confusing

  - by Fresheyeball

  I'm new to linux and have a home server set up running ubuntu. In the ui its very easy to mount my additional internal harddrives. I just double click on them. Since I have made this server headless, I now need to mount via the command line. How can I replicate the very simple double click gui behavior? So far all the information I've found is very complex. Ubuntu auto generated folders for each hd in under /media and I can see the harddrives under /dev but have no idea which is which as the hardware is identical between them. I also don't know how they are formated. Thanks in advance for any advice you have.

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• Cannot find grldr in all devices

  - by blockhead

  I'm running wubi on XP machine. Started out originally with 8.04, and gradually upgraded to 10.04. Recently, I was creating linux bootable USB drive, and put it in my system to see if it would work. After booting the LiveOS, and rebooting my machine, I know get the error Cannot find grldr in all devices when booting Ubuntu. I don't know what grldr is, but I assume it is the GRUB Loader. Did booting the LiveOS screw with my MBR perhaps? How can I fix this, and if not, is it possible to reinstall wubi, without losing anything of what I have now?

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• tar a directory and only include certain file types

  - by Susan

  Following the instructions here: http://linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/lpt/20_08.html I'm aiming to tar up a directory but only want to include .php files from that directory. Given the aforementioned instructions, I've come up with this command. It creates a file called IncludeTheseFiles which lists all the .php files, then the tar is supposed to do it's job only using the files listed in IncludeTheseFiles find myProjectDirectory -type f -print | \ egrep '(\.[php]|[Mm]akefile)$' > IncludeTheseFiles tar cvf myProjectTarName -I IncludeTheseFiles However, when I run this it doesn't like the I include option? tar: invalid option -- I

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• SSH: Tunnel multiple ports to remote server

  - by user1594322

  See attached diagram. Host A - Windows server Host B - Linux server Host C - VMWare ESXi server From host A I can SSH to host B over the VPN tunnel. I can ping host C from host B, but not from host A. I am assuming this is because host C has lost its default gateway. Host C is a VMWware ESXi server, so I would need to tunnel several ports (80,443,902) in order to reach host C from host A. What is the correct ssh syntax to create the tunnel in order to reach host C from host A, and can I do it using a single command, or do I need to run three commands (one for each port, 80,443,902)?

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• Does NMBD depend on DHCP?

  - by Atilla Filiz

  I am trying to debug a SMB share issue on an embedded Linux setup. Before diving into source code, I want to make sure this is not a configuration problem. So here is my case: Scenario-1: dhcp server enabled by default 1- system boots 2- udhcpcd server starts 3- smb server starts (smbd) 4- nmb server starts (nmbd) 5- smb share accessible Scenario-2: dhcp server disabled by default 1- system boots 2- smbd starts 3- nmbd fails to start 4- smb share inaccessible 5- $/etc/init.d/udhcpcd start 6- $/usr/sbin/nmbd still fails without an error message The client pc and the server device have static IP addresses in both cases. Is it possible that, NMBD somehow depends on a DHCP server at start?

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• Want to install FlightGear but 'libapr1' dependency cannot be satisfied

  - by Jonathan Reno

  When I want to install the flightgear:amd64 package, it requests to install the simgear2.8.0:amd64 package onto my Linux Mint 13 KDE 64-bit system. But I cannot install simgear2.8.0:amd64 because I could not find it in the GetDeb repositories, could not install it from PlayDeb, and could not find a .deb file online. So, I tried to install simgear2.8.0:i386, but it wants me to install (read reinstall) libapr1, but it is already installed properly with its dependencies. By the way, libapr1 is necessary for my Apache installation. Could you help me fix my problem?

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• Apple Magic Mouse scrolling in Ubuntu 9.10

  - by krig

  Just received new Apple Magic Mouse and tried to install it on my computer with Ubuntu 9.10. Mouse was found as Bluetooth mouse, I entered PIN as 0000 (could not find it in user manual, so just googgled it). Now I have 2 buttons working well - left and right, but scrolling does not work. I understand that there is no driver for Magic Mouse for linux, but maybe some enthusiasts already found way to enable scrolling. Without scrolling with only 2 buttons this mouse is just like my first mouse I bought in 1997, Mitsumi as I can remember =)

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• CHMOD To Prevent Deletion Of File Directory

  - by Sohnee

  I have some hosting on a Linux server and I have a few folders that I don't ever want to delete. There are sub folders within these that I do want to delete. How do I set the CHMOD permissions on the folders I don't want to delete? Of course, when I say "I don't ever want to delete" - what I mean is that the end customer shouldn't delete them by accident, via FTP or in a PHP script etc. As an example of directory structure... MainFolder/SubFolder MainFolder/Another I don't want "MainFolder" to be accidentally deleted, but I'm happy for "SubFolder" and "Another" to be removed!

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• How to create tunnel to utilize for telnet connection.

  - by Z12

  The scenario is as follows: Machine A is located behind client firewall. The machine runs telnetd. This is Linux machine with Python 2.5.4 installed. I do not know the IP addy of the router and firewall is not open incoming. outgoing firewall is open. Machine B (Windows machine) is a server with well known IP address. I can install any programs I want on either machine. The idea is that I want Machine A to open a socket to machine B. Then I want to hold that socket and use to run a telnet session from Machine B to Machine A telnetd server. Is there any freeware that does this? Thoughts? Thanks!

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• Start script on network connect

  - by Nate Mara

  I am trying to get a GNU/Linux Bash script to run as soon as a network connection is established on my Raspberry Pi. I tried following the instructions on several pages: I have tried adding my script to /etc/network/if-up.d and running sudo chmod ugo+x on the file. I have tried adding the line post-up <path/to/script.sh> to /etc/network/interfaces I am really quite clueless here. More info: The script runs fine when manually run, here it is: http://pastebin.com/UJvt5HYU (I did remove my personal info (email addresses, passwords), but other than that, the script is unchanged. This script also uses the sendEmail program (can be found at http://caspian.dotconf.net/menu/Software/SendEmail/).

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• "Supervising" syslog-ng in htop

  - by djechelon

  Hello, I was working at my server, when in htop I just noticed something unusual. The syslog-ng process was listed as follows supervising syslog-ng /sbin/syslog-ng I don't know what it means. I tried to do man supervising but found nothing. supervising command doesn't exist too. Googling, I found a page about launchtool, but I can't find neither it or its man page in my system. I'm curious What does that executable/command/whatever do? Why today did I read that line in htop? Thank you. PS: I was unsure about posting this to SU or SF: even if it's a server-related question, it covers general Linux.

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• Adaptec 2420SA RAID 1 rebuild 66% after 1 week

  - by moss

  We're running a 500GB RAID 1 on an Adaptec 2420SA - 2x500GB Hitachi Drives. It suddenly crashed and required a rebuild -- was not even booting. It's only at 66% after about a week. Very frustrated. This is the second box with the same card and drives that has had issues with the RAID/drives. Another box had this happen twice. Both machines are Linux boxes. CentOS and Fedora. I dunno if it's the firmware -- which currently needs an update (any help doing this over PXE would be great- I have used UDA to do PXE boots in the past). Anyway, would love to hear about experiences with this card and firmware. I thinking of going google and just using cheap boxes no raid and have server redundancy instead.

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• Apache and mod_authn_dbd DBDPrepareSQL error

  - by David Brown

  I am running Apache 2.2.17 on Suse Linux 11. I have installed the mod_authn_dbd module to allow authentication using a MySQL database. Simple digest authentication works absolutely fine using the following directive: AuthDBDUserRealmQuery "SELECT loginPassword FROM login WHERE loginUser = %s and loginRealm = %s" However, I would like to both generalize this statement and prepare it for performance and security reasons. Thus, I used the following directives instead: DBDPrepareSQL "SELECT loginPassword FROM login WHERE loginUser = %s and loginRealm = %s" digestLogin AuthDBDUserRealmQuery digestLogin These directives generate the following errors: [...] [error] (20014)Internal error: DBD: failed to prepare SQL statements: [...] [error] (20014)Internal error: DBD: failed to initialise Why does my actual SQL statement work when used directly, but not when I try to prepare it? (Note I have tried using '?' and '%%' in place of '%', to no effect.)

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• Resolving DNS queries for two disconnected, private, networks

  - by Mikeage

  I'm trying to setup two PCs (one Windows, one Linux, but my understanding is that this problem is more DNS and less OS) as follows: Home network: 192.168.1.0/24 VPN (via OpenVPN server not within the home network): 192.168.2.0/24 . I would like a PC on both networks to be able to access three different types of site: Internet addresses Addresses on the home network Addresses on the vpn However, I'm not sure how/which DNS servers to use. If I prioritize my home DNS server, I can resolve (1) and (2), but not (3). If I prioritize my VPN DNS server, I can't resolve addresses of type (2). Of course, looking up addresses via nslookup and explicitly setting the correct server works, so I know my local DNS servers are OK. Is there any way I can set up my PCs to fallback on the second DNS server if there is no response? Alternatively, is there any way I can tell different queries to go to different servers [maybe by setting up different subdomains; foo.local.something vs. bar.vpn.something]? Thanks

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• Why does redirecting "sudo echo" stdout to a file not give root ownership?

  - by orokusaki

  I'm pretty new to using Linux heavily, and I'm trying to learn more about file ownership and permissions. One thing that I stumbled on just now was exactly what the title says, running: weee@my-server:~$ sudo echo "hello" > some-file.txt weee@my-server:~$ ls -lh total 4.0K -rw-rw-r-- 1 weee weee 6 Dec 5 21:21 some-file.txt The file is owned by me, whereas touch works like one would expect: weee@my-server:~$ sudo touch other-file.txt weee@my-server:~$ ls -lh total 4.0K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 5 21:22 other-file.txt How can I force the file to be created by root? Do I simply have to create the file in my homedir, then sudo chown root... and sudo mv ... move it to /var where I need it to be? I was hoping there'd be a single step to accomplish this.

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• Can't figure out how to make Slitaz USB persistent

  - by Dennis Hodapp

  I installed Slitaz on my USB. However I can't figure out how to make it persistent automatically. There are different sources telling me different ways to make it persistent. One told me to add "slitaz home=usb" to the syslinux.cfg file like this: append initrd=/boot/rootfs.gz rw root=/dev/null vga=normal autologin slitaz home=usb but it didn't work for me. http://www.slitaz.org/en/doc/handbook/liveusb.html gave an example of how to do it manually but I didn't try it and I also want it to happen automatically. custompc.co.uk/features/602451/make-any-pc-your-own-with-linux-on-a-usb-key.html is an older article that also explains how to make the USB persistent but I don't want to try it cause it looks outdated (from 2008) does anyone know the best way to make the USB automatically persistent?

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• QoS - split bandwidth across all IPs during high load

  - by Matthew Iselin

  We have a Linux-based router which is currently working fairly well, but our network only has a 1.5 mbps incoming connection. The network is small, but during high load periods some systems can end up dominating the bandwidth. For example, a client downloading a file can easily saturate the connection leaving everyone else with barely any access to the outside world. Naturally, I'd like to fix this. I believe a combination of iptables rules and tc is in order, but I have no idea how to go about distributing the bandwidth evenly across the clients. It would be nice if there was a way to divide the bandwidth only across clients that are actually utilising the connection as well, rather than hard limit each connection to (bandwidth / number of clients).

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