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• Can't seem to stop Postfix backscatter

  - by Ian

  I've just migrated to a Postfix system and can't seem to stop the backscatter messages to unknown addresses on the site. I have a file, validrcpt, that lists all the valid emails on the site - about eight of them. Yet when a message is sent to a non-existent address, instead of just dropping it, postfix is replying with a "Recipient address rejected: User unknown in virtual mailbox table" email. Do I have something set wrong? I've read http://www.postfix.org/BACKSCATTER_README.html but unless I'm caffeine deficient, I don't see what's happening and perhaps I'm just to used to my old qmail setup. Here's postconf -n: alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix content_filter = smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024 home_mailbox = Maildir/ inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 local_recipient_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/validrcpt mailbox_command = /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -c /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf -m "${EXTENSION}" mailbox_size_limit = 0 mydestination = localhost myhostname = localhost mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 myorigin = /etc/mailname policy-spf_time_limit = 3600s readme_directory = no recipient_bcc_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/recipient_bcc recipient_delimiter = + relay_recipient_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/relay_recipients relayhost = smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination,check_policy_service unix:private/policy-spf,reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org,reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net,reject_rbl_client cbl.abuseat.org,check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10023 smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname smtpd_sasl_path = private/dovecot-auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/dovecot/dovecot.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = SSLv3, TLSv1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = digitalhit.com virtual_mailbox_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/vmaps virtual_minimum_uid = 1000 virtual_uid_maps = static:5000

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• Installing Windows 7 over PXE, preferably with domain autojoin

  - by Ivan Vucica

  At an educational non-profit, I've inherited a previously set-up Windows domain that, after the first reinstall of the machines, we ended up not using by simply not joining machines back into the domain. Over last summer, before the annual reinstall for shipping machines to the summer school, I toyed with the idea of installing Windows 7 over network, instead of just imaging the machines. It took a bit longer than I expected to figure out the basics; honestly, I expected that Windows would be more friendly for PXE installation out of the box. What I'm interested in is best practices for installing Windows 7 over PXE with domain autojoin. I'd love it if the whole setup could optionally be hosted on a UNIX based system as well. I've had some success by preparing an ISO using Windows Deployment Kit, and loading the ISO into memory. This was needed since I wanted a menu, and I think I couldn't get PXELINUX to chainload into Windows' bootloader. Unfortunately, I couldn't figure out much about customization of the Windows setup in that timeframe nor could I get Samba to work properly; studying the stuff ended up being too lengthy, especially the portion where I edited a disk image on Windows and copied it outside. WDK didn't make things easier by mounting the disk image into RAM, and writing it in its entirety when done with it, making me a very sad boy. I've recently found a different approach, too, that appears to be closer to Microsoft's original idea for netboot deployment and does not involve ISOs. So my question boils down to the following. What exact approach do you use for netbooting Windows 7 setup? How can Windows 7 setup be best customized to be completely unattended, including installation on specific system partition and not destroying the data partition, creation of passworded admin and default user, choice of MAC-address-based hostname, and joining a domain? As much details as possible for everyone's future reference would be appreciated. WDS isn't a bad choice, but if a Linux-based install can be used, that'd be better.

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• Spring-mvc project can't select from a particular mysql table

  - by Dan Ray

  I'm building a Spring-mvc project (using JPA and Hibernate for DB access) that is running just great locally, on my dev box, with a local MySQL database. Now I'm trying to put a snapshot up on a staging server for my client to play with, and I'm having trouble. Tomcat (after some wrestling) deploys my war file without complaint, and I can get some response from the application over the browser. When I hit my main page, which is behind Spring Security authentication, it redirects me to the login page, which works perfectly. I have Security configured to query the database for user details, and that works fine. In fact, a change to a password in the database is reflected in the behavior of the login form, so I'm confident it IS reaching the database and querying the user table. Once authenticated, we go to the first "real" page of the app, and I get a "data access failure" error. The server's console log gets this line (redacted): ERROR org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter - SELECT command denied to user 'myDbUser'@'localhost' for table 'asset' However, if I go to MySQL from the shell using exactly the same creds, I have no problem at all selecting from the asset table: [development@tomcat01stg]$ mysql -u myDbUser -pmyDbPwd dbName ... mysql> \s -------------- mysql Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.77, for redhat-linux-gnu (i686) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 199 Current database: dbName Current user: myDbUser@localhost ... UNIX socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -------------- mysql> select count(*) from asset; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 19 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) I've broken down my MySQL access settings, cleaned out the user and re-run the grant commands, set up a version of the user from 'localhost' and another from '%', making sure to flush permissions.... Nothing is changing the behavior of this thing. What gives?

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• NetBackup's bplist doesn't get user/group info for Windows files

  - by Gnustavo

  I'm trying to get information about storage consumption from NetBackup's bplist output. I'm running NBU 6.0MP5 on a RHEL 3 server. The server is backing up several Solaris, Linux, and Windows machines. When I use bplist to get information about files backed up on any UNIX machine I get something like this: # bplist -C unixclient -R 99 -l -s 01/28/2006 -e 01/29/2006 / drwxr-xr-x test ccase 0 Nov 16 09:28 /l/home2/test/ -rw------- test ccase 4737 Jan 06 17:54 /l/home2/test/.bash_history -rw-rw-r-- test ccase 104 Nov 11 2004 /l/home2/test/.bashrc However, when I use it to list files backed up on any Windows client I can't get the user and group information. They both always appear as 'root'. Like this: # bplist -C winclient -t 13 -R 99 -l -s 02/20/2006 / drwx------ root root 0 Feb 20 14:26 /C/temp/ -rwx------ root root 41 Feb 20 14:26 /C/temp/asdf.txt drwx------ root root 0 May 25 2004 /C/temp/CTRMNGR/ Does anyone know why bplist doesn't show the correct user/group for Windows files? If it can't, is there a way to get that information using another command? Thanks. Gustavo.

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• SMTP message rate control on Ubuntu 8.04, preferably with postfix

  - by TimDaMan

  Maybe I am chasing a bug but I am trying to set up a smtp proxy of sorts. I have a postfix server which receives all the email for a collection of servers/clients. It them uses a smarthost (relayhost=...) to forward it's mail to our corporate MTA. I would like to limit the number of messages an individual server can relay to prevent swamping the corporate MTA. Postfix has a program called "anvil" that is capable of tracking stats about mail to be used for such things but it doesn't seem to be executed. I ran "inotifywait -m /usr/lib/postfix/anvil" while I started postfix and sent a number of messages through it from a remote server. inotifywait indicated anvil was never run. Anyone gotten postfix/anvil rate controls to work? main.cf smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no append_dot_mydomain = no readme_directory = no myhostname = site-server-q9 alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = localhost relayhost = Out outgoing mail relay mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 10.0.0.0/8 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = 10.X.X.X smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 1 anvil_rate_time_unit = 1h master.cf extract anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil smtp inet n - - - - smtpd

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• Varnish returning 503, FetchError (could not get storage)

  - by Archan

  On the current setup we're running into a problem with Varnish, we're running a CentOS 5.7 x86_64 xenpv, with Cpanel WHM, hosted at VPS.net. Sometimes we will recieve a Guru Meditation from Varnish, and when we look in the varnishlog with the following command varnishlog -d -c -m TxStatus:503 it returns output similar to the following: 15 VCL_call c recv 15 VCL_acl c NO_MATCH devs 15 VCL_return c pass 15 VCL_call c hash 15 Hash c **** 15 Hash c ************* 15 VCL_return c hash 15 VCL_call c pass pass 15 Backend c 12 default default 15 TTL c 1835862523 RFC 0 -1 -1 1332454056 0 1332454055 375007920 0 15 VCL_call c fetch hit_for_pass 15 ObjProtocol c HTTP/1.1 15 ObjResponse c OK 15 ObjHeader c Date: Thu, 22 Mar 2012 22:07:35 GMT 15 ObjHeader c Server: Apache/2.2.21 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.2.21 OpenSSL/0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 mod_bwlimited/1.4 mod_fcgid/2.3.6 15 ObjHeader c X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.9 15 ObjHeader c Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT 15 ObjHeader c Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0 15 ObjHeader c Pragma: no-cache 15 ObjHeader c Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 15 ObjHeader c X-Cacheable: NO:Cache-Control=private 15 FetchError c chunked read_error: 12 (Could not get storage) 15 VCL_call c error deliver 15 VCL_call c deliver deliver As far as I have could gather, we could try increasing the nuke_limit, but currently we have a nuke_limit of 500, and when running varnishstat -1 -f n_lru_nuked we "only" get a total of 1031, even though we have seen the error happen on several pages. When we then run top to see how much memory Varnish is using, it only shows that it is using 763m, although we've set it to be allowed to use 1200m. Any ideas of what the problem can be?

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• Why do hosts prefer Linux to Windows Server?

  - by iconiK

  So far I see a HUGE majority of hosts provide only Linux shared hosting, providing Windows only to VPS (or even to only dedicated servers). Why is it so? While Windows is a lot more expensive than Linux (though it depends on a lot of factors, not just initial and support license cost), it also provides ASP.NET, IIS and of course, Microsoft SQL Server. I know in the past it might have been because of cPanel being Linux only but now they have a Windows version. But still, why is Linux predominantly used on shared hosting? PHP works on both systems. IIS can be (and probably is) faster. MySQL runs on both systems as well. cPanel has a Windows version. Python, Perl, Ruby, all run on Windows as well. You even have MS SQL Server Express, which I find more superior than MySQL in both speed and features. Access is there for low usage requirements, as is SQLite (which is so great for quick small stuff). And with PowerShell you have a good alternative to the Unix shell. EDIT: I am looking for common reasons, I realize each hosting company (and/or it's clients) may have different needs. This becomes very important when you get to VPS or Cloud which give you a full operating system to use.

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• Hardware chose: ASUS Eee Pad Slider or ASUS Eee Pad Transformer for web development?

  - by JamesM

  I was just wondering out of the following Tablets which one seams better to get? I am a web-developer, Always using Unix/Linux/BSD, I want a tablet that has a keyboard. http://gdgt.com/asus/eee/pad/slider/ http://gdgt.com/asus/eee/pad/transformer/ http://www.tweaktown.com/news/18311/asus_eee_pad_slider_transformer_tablets_with_physical_keyboard/index.html I know both are similar, but not sure what one I should get. The Slider seems very nice but again the keyboard is fixed to the tablet unlike the Transformer. P.S: I'm going to use one of the above to showcase my programming work at school, as well as just being used as a cheaper notebook than the $300 Windows.7 locked down notebooks. By Locked down, I mean we pay $300 for them and after 3 years we can do what ever to them, they are Lenovo thinkpad mini-10 and What they have installed is all you get, they don't let us install what ever OS on them. And with the question on both of those links, I think that the transformer would be better but that is only taking in the fact of it being both a tablet and a notebook. What I really care about is power; which one is more powerful? It will be running kFreeBSD-Debian-Squeeze with Linux-Mint theme with several other packages. Though I'm not going to run Windows (which I feel is bloated), I still want power. To help keep my computer from slowing down with cache, I will have a cron.d/hourly script cleaning out the cache memory.

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• Why is it necessary to chmod o+r parent directory to fix 403 access forbidden error with Nginx and P

  - by davenolan

  This may be an Nginx wrinkle, or it may be because I don't understand Unix permissions. We're using Hudson CI to deploy our staging instance. So RAILS_ROOT is /var/lib/hudson/jobs/JOBNAME/workspace. Hudson runs as hudson user Nginx runs as www-data user hudson and nginx are both members of the www group root of my nginx conf points to RAILS_ROOT/public as per normal. RAILS_ROOT/config/environment.rb is owned by www-data (so Passenger runs as www-data) RAILS_ROOT and everything in it is owned by the www group and group has r/w/x permissions As it stood, Nginx threw 403 permission denied when requesting any url. error.log contained entries like this: public/index.html" is forbidden (13: Permission denied). These did not fix the or change the error (each with a stop/start of Ngnix): chmod 777 -R RAILS_ROOT chgrp www -R /var/lib/hudson I also tried Nginx as root, and passenger complained that it could not find config/environment (despite the path displayed on the error page being correct). The fix was to ensure everybody has read permissions on each directory in the heirachy. In this case chmod o+r /var/lib/hudson. But if the group has read permissions on the directory, and nginx is a member of the owner group of the directory, why was it necessary to allow everyone read permissions? Is there something have not grokked about permissions? $nginx -V nginx version: nginx/0.7.61 built by gcc 4.4.1 (Ubuntu 4.4.1-4ubuntu8) configure arguments: --prefix=/opt/nginx --add-module=/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-2.2.5/ext/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=~/src/pcre-8.00/ --with-http_stub_status_module $cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=9.10 DISTRIB_CODENAME=karmic DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 9.10"

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• Postfix "mail-to-script" pipe only delivers empty messages

  - by user68202

  i have a problem here. I want that a incoming email is piped to a php script in the system through postfix. My System is running with ispconfig 3, postfix and dovecot (< virtual mailbox users are saved in mysql). I looked already into this one: How to configure postfix to pipe all incoming email to a script? ... the script is executed, but no "message" is delivered to the script. My setup so far: In ISPConfig 3 i have set up the following email route: Active Server Domain Transport Sort by Yes example.com pipe.example.com piper: 5 excerpt from my postfix master.cf: piper unix - n n - - pipe user=piper:piper directory=/home/piper argv=php -q /home/piper/mail.php so far it is working great (mail sent to [email protected]) (mail.log): Jun 21 16:07:11 example postfix/pipe[10948]: 235CF7613E2: to=<[email protected]>, relay=piper, delay=0.04, delays=0.01/0.01/0/0.02, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered via piper service) ... and no errors in mail.err the mail.php is sucessfully executed (its chmod 777 and chown'ed to piper), but creates a empty .txt file (normally it should contain the email message): -rw------- 1 piper piper 0 Jun 21 16:07 mailtext_1340287631.txt the mail.php script ive used, is the one from http://www.email2php.com/HowItWorks if i use their (commercial) service to pipe an email to the mail.php (in a apache2 environment) through a provided "pipe-email", the message is saved sucessfully and complete. But as you can see, i dont want to use external services. -rw-r--r-- 1 web2 client0 1959 Jun 21 16:19 mailtext_1340288377.txt So, whats wrong here? I think it has something to do with the "delivering configuration" in my system...

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• How to encourage Windows administrators to pick up scripting?

  - by icelava

  When I worked as an administrator in my first job, I was frustrated that our administration processes with Windows servers were a series of point-and-clicks; we could never match the level of efficiency with the Unix servers which had a group of shell scripts to automate a lot of the work. I soon read about WSH and ADSI and wasted no time learning just how much automation I was able to achieve with scripting. There was a huge problem though - almost none of my Windows colleagues were really interested in learning scripting. They seemed happy with the manually mouse-clicking chores and were never excited at the prospect of using scripts to do the work on their behalf. I struggled to convince them to pick up scripting skills despite the evident increases in efficiency. I left that job in pursuit of a full-time software development career thereafter. Almost a decade on working in various environments and different customers, I still encounter Windows administrators mainly possessing this general "mood" where they would avoid scripting as much as possible. Despite the increasing level of accessibility Windows server technologies are opening up for scripting and automation. I am almost certain the majority of administrators are administrators precisely because they absolutely hate performing any kind of programming duties. What are some means to encourage and motivate administrators that scripting can really help them in the long run?

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• xauth, ssh and missing home directory

  - by flolo

  We have several servers, and normaly everything works fine, except now... we get a new aircondition installed. This takes 36 hours and for this time almost all servers got shutdown, only 2 remaining servers run for the most important tasks (i.e. accepting incoming email, delivering some important websites, login-server). Everybody was informed that when they need appropiate data from the homedirs they should fetch it before take down. Long story short: Someone realized that he have run a certain program on one of the servers. No Problem, he can remote login into our login server and run the programm there without home directory (binaries are local and necessary information can be copied to the /tmp). That works like a charm until... ... the user needs to run a GUI programm. I find no easy way to make it running, usually ssh -Y honk@loginserver is enough but now the homedirectory is missing and ssh is not able to copy the cookies into ~/.Xauthority (as the file server with the home directories is down). Paranoid as all systemadmins all X-Server just listen locally not on tcp ports, so no remote X connection possible SSH config is waterproof - i.e. no way to set environment variables. My Problem is, that the generated proxy MIT cookie from ssh get lost as the .Xauthority doesnt exist. If I could retrieve it somehow I could reenter it a .Xauthority in /tmp. The only other option (besides changing the config) which came to my mind is, makeing a tunnel (netcat, or better ssh) from the remote host to the loginserver and copy the cookie manually (not sure if it the tcp-unix domain socket stuff works as expected). Any good suggestions (for the future - now our servers are already up)?

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• Setting the default permissions for files uploaded via FTP to a directory

  - by Kerri

  Disclaimer: I'm just a web designer/coder, and server admin stuff is my weakest point of them all. So be easy on me (and very specific). I'm using a simple CMS (Unify) on a site, where part of the functionality is that the client can upload files to a specified directory (using FTP). The permissions for the upload directory are set to 755. But when files are uploaded through the interface, they are uploaded with permissions set to 640 (instead of 644), so site visitors cannot acces the files. When I emailed the CMS's support about this, they told me that it was a server setting, and I need to make sure that files uploaded through FTP are set to 644. Makes perfect sense, but I have no idea how to do this. Any help would be greatly appreciated. This site is a shared site hosted by Network Solutions (Unix), so my access options are limited. I can edit .htaccess files, and php.ini, but that's about all I have access to. It appears I can't even log on via shell. ETA: 11/11/2010 Thanks all. I was able to work around this problem by setting up the CMS's settings in a different way. I'd be interested in following up on Nick O'Niel's suggestions, because I think he's on the right track, but unfortunately I can't access the necessary files on this particular server. So, anyway, I'm leaving this open, since the original questions isn't exactly resolved. Unfortunately, I probably can't put a correct answer to the test, since the shared server in question has nearly all of its config files tightly locked down.

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• Can't access WordPress blog after host changed IP address of server

  - by John

  My host changed servers and all websites now have a new IP address. I have the same domain name and I assume the host runs the same nameservers, though my host and domain name provider are different. Notes: I never entered a Name or description under General/Settings for my blog. I left them both blank. That is when I could log into it. The wp-config file, has localhost entered rather than a specific IP. Again this has always been the case and my host never advised otherwise. I can get into cPanel by simply putting the newly advised IP in front of /Cpanel. However, I can not reach the admin panel of my WordPress blog (version 2.8.2). I had been loggin into it via http://xx.xx.xxx.xx/~example/blog/wp-login.php. My host suggested to simply insert the new IP in place of the old one. I still get the error message: 404 Not Found The server can not find the requested page: Apache/2.0.63 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.0.63 OpenSSL/0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 mod_auth_passthrough/2.1 mod_bwlimited/1.4 FrontPage/5.0.2.2635 PHP/5.2.12 Server at 74.50.108.14 Port 80 I followed some tips on a question on Stack Overflow of a similar nature. I have logged into phpMyAdmin and found the wp-options table and searched for SELECT * FROM `wp_options` WHERE `option_name` IN ('siteurl', 'home') Only option ID 39 came up and the results are: Home has optionvalue http://example.org siteurl has optionvalue http://example.org/blog Both of which appear correct. Is there any part of the MySQL tables where I can change an actual IP address? Or is there something else you can advise?

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• Installing and running two postgresql versions on different ports (or two instances of same server)

  - by Andrius

  I have postgresql 9.1 installed on my machine (Ubuntu). I need another postgresql server that would run next to the old one. Exact version does not matter, but I'm thinking of using 9.2 version. How could I properly install and run another postgresql version without screwing old one (like upgrading). So those versions would run independently on different ports. Old one on 5432 and new one on 5433 for example. The reason I need this is for two OpenERP versions databases. If I run two OpenERP servers (with different versions) on single postgresql port, it crashes because new OpenERP version detects old versions database and tries to run it, but it crashes because it uses another schemes. P.S or maybe I could just run same postgresql server on two ports? Update So far I tried this: /usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin/pg_ctl initdb -D main2 It created new cluster. I changed port to 5433 in new clusters directory postgresql.conf file. Then ran this: /usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin/pg_ctl -D main2 -l logfile start I got response server starting. But when I tried to enter new cluster's template database with: psql template1 -p 5433 I got this error: psql: could not connect to server: No such file or directory Is the server running locally and accepting connections on Unix domain socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5433"? Also now when I try to stop server with: /usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin/pg_ctl -D main2 -l logfile start I get this error: pg_ctl: PID file "main2/postmaster.pid" does not exist Is server running? So I don't understand if server is running and what I'm missing here? Update Found what was wrong. Stupid me. I didn't notice that when I changed port in .conf file, that line was commented already. So actually I didn't change anything first time, but thought I did and it used default 5432 port.

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• How to set up mysql storage for certain rsyslog input matches?

  - by ylluminate

  I'm draining various logs from Heroku to an rsyslog linux (ubuntu) server and am starting to have a little more to bite off than I can chew in terms of working with my log histories. I am needing to be able drill back in time based on more flexible details and more flexible access than what the standard syslog file(s) provide. I'm thinking that logging to mysql may be the correct approach, but how do I set this up such that it pulls only certain log entries into a table based on an identified? For example, I see a long hex string identifying each log entry from a certain Heroku app instance. I assume that I can just pipe those into the mysql socket vs ALL rsyslog input into mysql... Could someone please direct me to a resource that can walk me through the process of setting something like this up or simply provide some details that can help? I have 15+ years of Unix experience so I just need some nudging in the right direction as I've not really done a tremendous amount of work with syslog daemons previously in terms of pooling various servers into one. Additionally, I'd be interested in any log review tools that could make drilling through log arrangements like this more handy for developers.

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• Ubuntu 10.04->10.10 in failed state - how to recover?

  - by Harvey

  I was running Ubuntu 10.04 and attempted to upgrade to 10.10. I have a really slow connection (DSL 128kbits/sec) and copying the upgrade files took about 26 hours. I of course let it run unattended. When I came back, I notice the following 3 dlgs: (1) "Could not install the upgrades The upgrade has aborted. Your system could be in an unusable state. A recovery will run now (dpkg -- configure -a)." (2) "gpk-update-icon Distribution upgrades available maverick 10.10 (stable) [more information] [Do no show this again] [Cancel] [Ok]" (3) "gpk-update-icon Security updates available The following important updates are available for your computer: libwebkit-1.0-2-dbg - Web content engine library for Gtk+ - Debugging symbols libcupsimage2 - Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - Raster image library ..." What is the best response to all of this? I went through something similar in an attempted network upgrade from 8.04 to 10.04 and had to reload the unbootable machine fresh from distribution media (all data was lost). I'd like to avoid that here. I have not yet responded to the dialogs, and want to make sure the system is still bootable and not lose my data this time.

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• nginx & php-fpm and custom header

  - by nixer

  I would like to pass some custom header (ACCESS_TOKEN) from client RESTful application (JS) to application server (php-fpm). I had read that nginx should pass all http headers to php, but somehow it does not come to my php :( I can see it in firebug http://o7.no/N6DM7q but can't see it in $_SERVER variable. it just does not exist in $_SERVER array. I'm thinking that i need to pass it manually. Now my config looks like that: location @php-fpm { include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php5-fpm.sock; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI /index.php$request_uri; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /htdocs/index.php; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT /htdocs; } } and when I add new line in location definition: location @php-fpm { include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; ... fastcgi_param ACCESS_TOKEN $http_access_token; } } or even if i will add it into fastcgi_params file it does not help :( if I put into location part next line: fastcgi_param ACCESS_TOKEN $http_access_token; then in php it has empty value :( how I can pass custom header from client to backend (php) via nginx ?

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• Anonymous file sharing without login window, from Windows 7 server to XP clients

  - by Niten

  I'm trying to provide machines on a small LAN with read-only, anonymous access to files shared from a Windows 7 workstation (let's call it WIN7SVR). In particular, I don't want clients to have to deal with a login window when they navigate to, e.g., \\WIN7SVR in Windows Explorer, but we do not have a domain and synchronizing accounts between the server and clients would be intractable. There are both Windows 7 and Windows XP clients that need access to these shares. I got this working for Windows 7 clients by just enabling the Guest account on WIN7SVR and setting appropriate share permissions. Other Windows 7 machines automatically try logging in as Guest, it seems, so their users don't have to deal with the login window. The problem is with the XP clients--they can access the server if the user enters "Guest" in the login window, but I don't want users to have to do that. So from what I gather, in my limited understanding of Windows file sharing, this boils down to granting null sessions access to file shares on WIN7SVR. But I've had no success so far on that front. I've tried all the following in the local group policy editor on the Windows 7 server: Set Network access: Let Everyone permissions apply to anonymous users to Enabled Set Network access: Restrict anonymous access to Named Pipes and Shares to Disabled Added the names of corresponding shares to Network access: Shares that can be accessed anonymously Added "ANONYMOUS LOGON" to Access this computer from the network under User Rights Assignment Any advice would be highly appreciated... I'm mostly a Unix guy, so I feel somewhat out of my league with Windows file sharing. I do understand that any sort of anonymous access to file shares isn't generally ideal from a security standpoint, but it's the most practical solution for us in this case, and access to our network is well enough controlled that share-level security isn't a concern.

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• How to encourage Windows administrators to pick up scripting

  - by icelava

  When i worked as an administrator in my first job, I was frustrated our administration processes with Windows servers were a series of point-and-clicks; we could never match the level of efficiency with the Unix servers which had a group of shell scripts to automate a lot of the work. I soon read about WSH and ADSI and wasted no time learning just how much automation I was able to achieve with scripting. There was a huge problem though - almost none of my Windows colleagues were really interested in learning scripting. They seemed happy with the manually mouse-clicking chores and were never excited at the prospect of using scripts to do the work on their behalf. I struggled to convince them to pick up scripting skills despite the evident increases in efficiency. I left that job in pursuit of a full-time software development career thereafter. Almost a decade on working in various environments and different customers, I still encounter Windows administrators mainly possessing this general "mood" where they would avoid scripting as much as possible. Despite the increasing level of accessibility Windows server technologies are opening up for scripting and automation. I am almost certain the majority of administrators are administrators precisely because they absolutely hate performing any kind of programming duties. What are some means to encourage and motivate administrators that scripting can really help them in the long run?

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• Backup solution to backup terabytes and lots of static files on linux server?

  - by user28679

  Which backup tool or solution would you use to backup terabytes and lots of files on a production linux server ? Note that the files are all different and almost never modified, and usage is mostly adding files, so data volume is today 3TB growing all the time at around +15GB/day. Please do not reply rsync. Basic unix tools are not enough, rsync does not keep history, rdiff-backup miserably fails from time to time and screw the history. Moreover these are all file based backup, which put a lot of IOwait just to browse directories and query stat(). But i guess, except R1Soft CDP, there is no way around that. We tried R1Soft CDP backup, which is block level backup, and it proved good and efficient for all our other servers, but systematically fails on the server with 3 terabytes and gazillions of files. That is already more than 2 months that the engineers of R1Soft and datacenter are playing a hot ball game... and still no backup except regular rsync We never tried big commercial solutions, except R1Soft CDP since it was provided as an optional service by the datacented hosting our servers.

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• Nashorn in the Twitterverse, Continued

  - by jlaskey

  After doing the Twitter example, it seemed reasonable to try graphing the result with JavaFX.  At this time the Nashorn project doesn't have an JavaFX shell, so we have to go through some hoops to create an JavaFX application.  I thought showing you some of those hoops might give you some idea about what you can do mixing Nashorn and Java (we'll add a JavaFX shell to the todo list.) First, let's look at the meat of the application.  Here is the repackaged version of the original twitter example. var twitter4j      = Packages.twitter4j; var TwitterFactory = twitter4j.TwitterFactory; var Query          = twitter4j.Query; function getTrendingData() {     var twitter = new TwitterFactory().instance;     var query   = new Query("nashorn OR nashornjs");     query.since("2012-11-21");     query.count = 100;     var data = {};     do {         var result = twitter.search(query);         var tweets = result.tweets;         for each (tweet in tweets) {             var date = tweet.createdAt;             var key = (1900 + date.year) + "/" +                       (1 + date.month) + "/" +                       date.date;             data[key] = (data[key] || 0) + 1;         }     } while (query = result.nextQuery());     return data; } Instead of just printing out tweets, getTrendingData tallies "tweets per date" during the sample period (since "2012-11-21", the date "New Project: Nashorn" was posted.)   getTrendingData then returns the resulting tally object. Next, use JavaFX BarChart to display that data. var javafx         = Packages.javafx; var Stage          = javafx.stage.Stage var Scene          = javafx.scene.Scene; var Group          = javafx.scene.Group; var Chart          = javafx.scene.chart.Chart; var FXCollections  = javafx.collections.FXCollections; var ObservableList = javafx.collections.ObservableList; var CategoryAxis   = javafx.scene.chart.CategoryAxis; var NumberAxis     = javafx.scene.chart.NumberAxis; var BarChart       = javafx.scene.chart.BarChart; var XYChart        = javafx.scene.chart.XYChart; var Series         = XYChart.Series; var Data           = XYChart.Data; function graph(stage, data) {     var root = new Group();     stage.scene = new Scene(root);     var dates = Object.keys(data);     var xAxis = new CategoryAxis();     xAxis.categories = FXCollections.observableArrayList(dates);     var yAxis = new NumberAxis("Tweets", 0.0, 200.0, 50.0);     var series = FXCollections.observableArrayList();     for (var date in data) {         series.add(new Data(date, data[date]));     }     var tweets = new Series("Tweets", series);     var barChartData = FXCollections.observableArrayList(tweets);     var chart = new BarChart(xAxis, yAxis, barChartData, 25.0);     root.children.add(chart); } I should point out that there is a lot of subtlety going on in the background.  For example; stage.scene = new Scene(root) is equivalent to stage.setScene(new Scene(root)). If Nashorn can't find a property (scene), then it searches (via Dynalink) for the Java Beans equivalent (setScene.)  Also note, that Nashorn is magically handling the generic class FXCollections.  Finally,  with the call to observableArrayList(dates), Nashorn is automatically converting the JavaScript array dates to a Java collection.  It really is hard to identify which objects are JavaScript and which are Java.  Does it really matter? Okay, with the meat out of the way, let's talk about the hoops. When working with JavaFX, you start with a main subclass of javafx.application.Application.  This class handles the initialization of the JavaFX libraries and the event processing.  This is what I used for this example; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import javafx.application.Application; import javafx.stage.Stage; import javax.script.ScriptEngine; import javax.script.ScriptEngineManager; import javax.script.ScriptException; public class TrendingMain extends Application { private static final ScriptEngineManager MANAGER = new ScriptEngineManager(); private final ScriptEngine engine = MANAGER.getEngineByName("nashorn"); private Trending trending; public static void main(String[] args) { launch(args); } @Override public void start(Stage stage) throws Exception { trending = (Trending) load("Trending.js"); trending.start(stage); } @Override public void stop() throws Exception { trending.stop(); } private Object load(String script) throws IOException, ScriptException { try (final InputStream is = TrendingMain.class.getResourceAsStream(script)) { return engine.eval(new InputStreamReader(is, "utf-8")); } } } To initialize Nashorn, we use JSR-223's javax.script.  private static final ScriptEngineManager MANAGER = new ScriptEngineManager(); private final ScriptEngine engine = MANAGER.getEngineByName("nashorn"); This code sets up an instance of the Nashorn engine for evaluating scripts. The  load method reads a script into memory and then gets engine to eval that script.  Note, that load also returns the result of the eval. Now for the fun part.  There are several different approaches we could use to communicate between the Java main and the script.  In this example we'll use a Java interface.  The JavaFX main needs to do at least start and stop, so the following will suffice as an interface; public interface Trending {     public void start(Stage stage) throws Exception;     public void stop() throws Exception; } At the end of the example's script we add; (function newTrending() {     return new Packages.Trending() {         start: function(stage) {             var data = getTrendingData();             graph(stage, data);             stage.show();         },         stop: function() {         }     } })(); which instantiates a new subclass instance of Trending and overrides the start and stop methods.  The result of this function call is what is returned to main via the eval. trending = (Trending) load("Trending.js"); To recap, the script Trending.js contains functions getTrendingData, graph and newTrending, plus the call at the end to newTrending.  Back in the Java code, we cast the result of the eval (call to newTrending) to Trending, thus, we end up with an object that we can then use to call back into the script.  trending.start(stage); Voila. ?

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• Why would I need a firewall if my server is well configured?

  - by Aitch

  I admin a handful of cloud-based (VPS) servers for the company I work for. The servers are minimal ubuntu installs that run bits of LAMP stacks / inbound data collection (rsync). The data is large but not personal, financial or anything like that (ie not that interesting) Clearly on here people are forever asking about configuring firewalls and such like. I use a bunch of approaches to secure the servers, for example (but not restricted to) ssh on non standard ports; no password typing, only known ssh keys from known ips for login etc https, and restricted shells (rssh) generally only from known keys/ips servers are minimal, up to date and patched regularly use things like rkhunter, cfengine, lynis denyhosts etc for monitoring I have extensive experience of unix sys admin. I'm confident I know what I'm doing in my setups. I configure /etc files. I have never felt a compelling need to install stuff like firewalls: iptables etc. Put aside for a moment the issues of physical security of the VPS. Q? I can't decide whether I am being naive or the incremental protection a fw might offer is worth the effort of learning / installing and the additional complexity (packages, config files, possible support etc) on the servers. To date (touch wood) I've never had any problems with security but I am not complacent about it either.

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• "could not find suitable fingerprints matched to available hardware" error

  - by Alex

  I have a thinkpad t61 with a UPEK fingerprint reader. I'm running ubuntu 9.10, with fprint installed. Everything works fine (I am able to swipe my fingerprint to authenticate any permission dialogues or "sudo" prompts successfully) except for actually logging onto my laptop when I boot up or end my session. I receive an error below the gnome login that says "Could not locate any suitable fingerprints matched to available hardware." What is causing this? here are the contents of /etc/pam.d/common-auth file # # /etc/pam.d/common-auth - authentication settings common to all services # # This file is included from other service-specific PAM config files, # and should contain a list of the authentication modules that define # the central authentication scheme for use on the system # (e.g., /etc/shadow, LDAP, Kerberos, etc.). The default is to use the # traditional Unix authentication mechanisms. # # As of pam 1.0.1-6, this file is managed by pam-auth-update by default. # To take advantage of this, it is recommended that you configure any # local modules either before or after the default block, and use # pam-auth-update to manage selection of other modules. See # pam-auth-update(8) for details. # here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block) auth sufficient pam_fprint.so auth [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so nullok_secure # here's the fallback if no module succeeds auth requisite pam_deny.so # prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already; # this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code # since the modules above will each just jump around auth required pam_permit.so # and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block) auth optional pam_ecryptfs.so unwrap # end of pam-auth-update config #auth sufficient pam_fprint.so #auth required pam_unix.so nullok_secure

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• root folder php scripts not running in nginx

  - by Thermionix

  nginx with php-fpm on ubuntu 12.04 server. attempting to access /var/www/test.php (via https://example.net/test.php) downloads the script instead of executing it. if I place the test.php in a subdirectory, i.e. /var/www/test/test.php it executes. root.conf; root /var/www; include php-fpm.conf; location ~ /\. { access_log off; log_not_found off; deny all; } php-fpm.conf; location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.socket; include fastcgi_params; } fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param HTTPS on; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; #fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $request_filename; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

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