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  • Using my custom colormap in Java for images

    - by John
    Hi everyone! I've got a question concering a colormapping via index. I tried this code found on http://www.podgoretsky.pri.ee/ftp/Docs/Java/Tricks%20of%20the%20Java%20Programming%20Gurus/ch12.htm // Gradient.java // Imports import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.; import java.awt.image.; public class Gradient extends Applet { final int colors = 32; final int width = 200; final int height = 200; Image img; public void init() { // Create the color map byte[] rbmap = new byte[colors]; byte[] gmap = new byte[colors]; for (int i = 0; i < colors; i++) gmap[i] = (byte)((i * 255) / (colors - 1)); // Create the color model int bits = (int)Math.ceil(Math.log(colors) / Math.log(2)); IndexColorModel model = new IndexColorModel(bits, colors, rbmap, gmap, rbmap); // Create the pixels int pixels[] = new int[width * height]; int index = 0; for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) pixels[index++] = (x * colors) / width; // Create the image img = createImage(new MemoryImageSource(width, height, model, pixels, 0, width)); } public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, this); } } It worked great but I tried to load a custom image jpeg mapped on my own colormap but it didnt work right. I saw only a bunch of green and blue pixels drawn on a white background. My custom color map method here: public void inintByteArrays() { double[][] c = // basic color map { { 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.5625 }, { 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.6250 }, { 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.6875 }, { 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.6875 }, { 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.7500 }, { 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.8125 }, { 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.8750 }, { 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.9375 }, { 0.0000, 0.0000, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 0.0625, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 0.1250, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 0.1875, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 0.2500, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 0.3125, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 0.3750, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 0.4375, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 0.5000, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 0.5625, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 0.6250, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 0.6875, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 0.7500, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 0.8125, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 0.8750, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 0.9375, 1.0000 }, { 0.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000 }, { 0.0625, 1.0000, 0.9375 }, { 0.1250, 1.0000, 0.8750 }, { 0.1875, 1.0000, 0.8125 }, { 0.2500, 1.0000, 0.7500 }, { 0.3125, 1.0000, 0.6875 }, { 0.3750, 1.0000, 0.6250 }, { 0.4375, 1.0000, 0.5625 }, { 0.5000, 1.0000, 0.5000 }, { 0.5625, 1.0000, 0.4375 }, { 0.6250, 1.0000, 0.3750 }, { 0.6875, 1.0000, 0.3125 }, { 0.7500, 1.0000, 0.2500 }, { 0.8125, 1.0000, 0.1875 }, { 0.8750, 1.0000, 0.1250 }, { 0.9375, 1.0000, 0.0625 }, { 1.0000, 1.0000, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.9375, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.8750, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.8125, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.7500, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.6875, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.6250, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.5625, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.5000, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.4375, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.3750, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.3125, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.2500, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.1875, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.1250, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.0625, 0.0000 }, { 1.0000, 0.0000, 0.0000 }, { 0.9375, 0.0000, 0.0000 }, { 0.8750, 0.0000, 0.0000 }, { 0.8125, 0.0000, 0.0000 }, { 0.7500, 0.0000, 0.0000 }, { 0.6875, 0.0000, 0.0000 }, { 0.6250, 0.0000, 0.0000 }, { 0.5625, 0.0000, 0.0000 }, { 0.5000, 0.0000, 0.0000 } }; for (int i = 0; i < c.length; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < c[i].length; j++) { if (j == 0) r[i] = (byte) ((byte) c[i][j]*255); if (j == 1) g[i] = (byte) ((byte) c[i][j]*255); if (j == 2) b[i] = (byte) ((byte) c[i][j]*255); } } My question is how I can use my colormap for any image I want to load and map in the right way. Thank you very much! Greetings, protein1.

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  • File using .net sockets, transferring problem

    - by Sergei
    I have a client and server, client sending file to server. When i transfer files on my computer(in local) everything is ok(try to sen file over 700mb). When i try to sent file use Internet to my friend in the end of sending appears error on server "Input string is not in correct format".This error appears in this expression fSize = Convert::ToUInt64(tokenes[0]); - and i don't mind wht it's appear. File should be transfered and wait other transferring ps: sorry for too much code, but i want to find solution private: void CreateServer() { try{ IPAddress ^ipAddres = IPAddress::Parse(ipAdress); listener = gcnew System::Net::Sockets::TcpListener(ipAddres, port); listener->Start(); clientsocket =listener->AcceptSocket(); bool keepalive = true; array<wchar_t,1> ^split = gcnew array<wchar_t>(1){ '\0' }; array<wchar_t,1> ^split2 = gcnew array<wchar_t>(1){ '|' }; statusBar1->Text = "Connected" ; // while (keepalive) { array<Byte>^ size1 = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); clientsocket->Receive(size1); System::String ^notSplited = System::Text::Encoding::GetEncoding(1251)->GetString(size1); array<String^> ^ tokenes = notSplited->Split(split2); System::String ^fileName = tokenes[1]->ToString(); statusBar1->Text = "Receiving file" ; unsigned long fSize = 0; //IN THIS EXPRESSIN APPEARS ERROR fSize = Convert::ToUInt64(tokenes[0]); if (!Directory::Exists("Received")) Directory::CreateDirectory("Received"); System::String ^path = "Received\\"+ fileName; while (File::Exists(path)) { int dotPos = path->LastIndexOf('.'); if (dotPos == -1) { path += "[1]"; } else { path = path->Insert(dotPos, "[1]"); } } FileStream ^fs = gcnew FileStream(path, FileMode::CreateNew, FileAccess::Write); BinaryWriter ^f = gcnew BinaryWriter(fs); //bytes received unsigned long processed = 0; pBarFilesTr->Visible = true; pBarFilesTr->Minimum = 0; pBarFilesTr->Maximum = (int)fSize; // Set the initial value of the ProgressBar. pBarFilesTr->Value = 0; pBarFilesTr->Step = 1024; //loop for receive file array<Byte>^ buffer = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); while (processed < fSize) { if ((fSize - processed) < 1024) { int bytes ; array<Byte>^ buf = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); bytes = clientsocket->Receive(buf); if (bytes != 0) { f->Write(buf, 0, bytes); processed = processed + (unsigned long)bytes; pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); } break; } else { int bytes = clientsocket->Receive(buffer); if (bytes != 0) { f->Write(buffer, 0, 1024); processed = processed + 1024; pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); } else break; } } statusBar1->Text = "File was received" ; array<Byte>^ buf = gcnew array<Byte>(1); clientsocket->Send(buf,buf->Length,SocketFlags::None); f->Close(); fs->Close(); SystemSounds::Beep->Play(); } }catch(System::Net::Sockets::SocketException ^es) { MessageBox::Show(es->ToString()); } catch(System::Exception ^es) { MessageBox::Show(es->ToString()); } } private: void CreateClient() { clientsock = gcnew System::Net::Sockets::TcpClient(ipAdress, port); ns = clientsock->GetStream(); sr = gcnew StreamReader(ns); statusBar1->Text = "Connected" ; } private:void Send() { try{ OpenFileDialog ^openFileDialog1 = gcnew OpenFileDialog(); System::String ^filePath = ""; System::String ^fileName = ""; //file choose dialog if (openFileDialog1->ShowDialog() == System::Windows::Forms::DialogResult::OK) { filePath = openFileDialog1->FileName; fileName = openFileDialog1->SafeFileName; } else { MessageBox::Show("You must select a file", "Error", MessageBoxButtons::OK, MessageBoxIcon::Exclamation); return; } statusBar1->Text = "Sending file" ; NetworkStream ^writerStream = clientsock->GetStream(); System::Runtime::Serialization::Formatters::Binary::BinaryFormatter ^format = gcnew System::Runtime::Serialization::Formatters::Binary::BinaryFormatter(); array<Byte>^ buffer = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); FileStream ^fs = gcnew FileStream(filePath, FileMode::Open); BinaryReader ^br = gcnew BinaryReader(fs); //file size unsigned long fSize = (unsigned long)fs->Length; //transfer file size + name bFSize = Encoding::GetEncoding(1251)->GetBytes(Convert::ToString(fs->Length+"|"+fileName+"|")); writerStream->Write(bFSize, 0, bFSize->Length); //status bar pBarFilesTr->Visible = true; pBarFilesTr->Minimum = 0; pBarFilesTr->Maximum = (int)fSize; pBarFilesTr->Value = 0; // Set the initial value of the ProgressBar. pBarFilesTr->Step = 1024; //bytes transfered unsigned long processed = 0; int bytes = 1024; //loop for transfer while (processed < fSize) { if ((fSize - processed) < 1024) { bytes = (int)(fSize - processed); array<Byte>^ buf = gcnew array<Byte>(bytes); br->Read(buf, 0, bytes); writerStream->Write(buf, 0, buf->Length); pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); processed = processed + (unsigned long)bytes; break; } else { br->Read(buffer, 0, 1024); writerStream->Write(buffer, 0, buffer->Length); pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); processed = processed + 1024; } } array<Byte>^ bufsss = gcnew array<Byte>(100); writerStream->Read(bufsss,0,bufsss->Length); statusBar1->Text = "File was sent" ; btnSend->Enabled = true; fs->Close(); br->Close(); SystemSounds::Beep->Play(); newThread->Abort(); } catch(System::Net::Sockets::SocketException ^es) { MessageBox::Show(es->ToString()); } } UPDATE: ok, i can add checking if clientsocket->Receive(size1); equal zero, but why he begin receiving data again , in the ending of receiving. UPDATE:After adding this checking problem remains. AND WIN RAR SAY TO OPENING ARCHIVE - unexpected end of file! UPDATE:http://img153.imageshack.us/img153/3760/erorr.gif I think it continue receiving some bytes from client(that remains in the stream), but why existes cicle while (processed < fSize)

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  • File using sockets .net, tranfering problem

    - by Sergei
    I have a client and server, client sending file to server. When i transfer files on my computer(in local) everything is ok(try to sen file over 700mb). When i try to sent file use Internet to my friend in the end of sending appears error on server "Input string is not in correct format".This error appears in this expression fSize = Convert::ToUInt64(tokenes[0]); - and i don't mind wht it's appear. File should be transfered and wait other transferring ps: sorry for too much code, but i want to find solution private: void CreateServer() { try{ IPAddress ^ipAddres = IPAddress::Parse(ipAdress); listener = gcnew System::Net::Sockets::TcpListener(ipAddres, port); listener->Start(); clientsocket =listener->AcceptSocket(); bool keepalive = true; array<wchar_t,1> ^split = gcnew array<wchar_t>(1){ '\0' }; array<wchar_t,1> ^split2 = gcnew array<wchar_t>(1){ '|' }; statusBar1->Text = "Connected" ; // while (keepalive) { array<Byte>^ size1 = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); clientsocket->Receive(size1); System::String ^notSplited = System::Text::Encoding::GetEncoding(1251)->GetString(size1); array<String^> ^ tokenes = notSplited->Split(split2); System::String ^fileName = tokenes[1]->ToString(); statusBar1->Text = "Receiving file" ; unsigned long fSize = 0; //IN THIS EXPRESSIN APPEARS ERROR fSize = Convert::ToUInt64(tokenes[0]); if (!Directory::Exists("Received")) Directory::CreateDirectory("Received"); System::String ^path = "Received\\"+ fileName; while (File::Exists(path)) { int dotPos = path->LastIndexOf('.'); if (dotPos == -1) { path += "[1]"; } else { path = path->Insert(dotPos, "[1]"); } } FileStream ^fs = gcnew FileStream(path, FileMode::CreateNew, FileAccess::Write); BinaryWriter ^f = gcnew BinaryWriter(fs); //bytes received unsigned long processed = 0; pBarFilesTr->Visible = true; pBarFilesTr->Minimum = 0; pBarFilesTr->Maximum = (int)fSize; // Set the initial value of the ProgressBar. pBarFilesTr->Value = 0; pBarFilesTr->Step = 1024; //loop for receive file array<Byte>^ buffer = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); while (processed < fSize) { if ((fSize - processed) < 1024) { int bytes ; array<Byte>^ buf = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); bytes = clientsocket->Receive(buf); if (bytes != 0) { f->Write(buf, 0, bytes); processed = processed + (unsigned long)bytes; pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); } break; } else { int bytes = clientsocket->Receive(buffer); if (bytes != 0) { f->Write(buffer, 0, 1024); processed = processed + 1024; pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); } else break; } } statusBar1->Text = "File was received" ; array<Byte>^ buf = gcnew array<Byte>(1); clientsocket->Send(buf,buf->Length,SocketFlags::None); f->Close(); fs->Close(); SystemSounds::Beep->Play(); } }catch(System::Net::Sockets::SocketException ^es) { MessageBox::Show(es->ToString()); } catch(System::Exception ^es) { MessageBox::Show(es->ToString()); } } private: void CreateClient() { clientsock = gcnew System::Net::Sockets::TcpClient(ipAdress, port); ns = clientsock->GetStream(); sr = gcnew StreamReader(ns); statusBar1->Text = "Connected" ; } private:void Send() { try{ OpenFileDialog ^openFileDialog1 = gcnew OpenFileDialog(); System::String ^filePath = ""; System::String ^fileName = ""; //file choose dialog if (openFileDialog1->ShowDialog() == System::Windows::Forms::DialogResult::OK) { filePath = openFileDialog1->FileName; fileName = openFileDialog1->SafeFileName; } else { MessageBox::Show("You must select a file", "Error", MessageBoxButtons::OK, MessageBoxIcon::Exclamation); return; } statusBar1->Text = "Sending file" ; NetworkStream ^writerStream = clientsock->GetStream(); System::Runtime::Serialization::Formatters::Binary::BinaryFormatter ^format = gcnew System::Runtime::Serialization::Formatters::Binary::BinaryFormatter(); array<Byte>^ buffer = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); FileStream ^fs = gcnew FileStream(filePath, FileMode::Open); BinaryReader ^br = gcnew BinaryReader(fs); //file size unsigned long fSize = (unsigned long)fs->Length; //transfer file size + name bFSize = Encoding::GetEncoding(1251)->GetBytes(Convert::ToString(fs->Length+"|"+fileName+"|")); writerStream->Write(bFSize, 0, bFSize->Length); //status bar pBarFilesTr->Visible = true; pBarFilesTr->Minimum = 0; pBarFilesTr->Maximum = (int)fSize; pBarFilesTr->Value = 0; // Set the initial value of the ProgressBar. pBarFilesTr->Step = 1024; //bytes transfered unsigned long processed = 0; int bytes = 1024; //loop for transfer while (processed < fSize) { if ((fSize - processed) < 1024) { bytes = (int)(fSize - processed); array<Byte>^ buf = gcnew array<Byte>(bytes); br->Read(buf, 0, bytes); writerStream->Write(buf, 0, buf->Length); pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); processed = processed + (unsigned long)bytes; break; } else { br->Read(buffer, 0, 1024); writerStream->Write(buffer, 0, buffer->Length); pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); processed = processed + 1024; } } array<Byte>^ bufsss = gcnew array<Byte>(100); writerStream->Read(bufsss,0,bufsss->Length); statusBar1->Text = "File was sent" ; btnSend->Enabled = true; fs->Close(); br->Close(); SystemSounds::Beep->Play(); newThread->Abort(); } catch(System::Net::Sockets::SocketException ^es) { MessageBox::Show(es->ToString()); } }

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  • AES code throwing NoSuchPaddingException: Padding NoPaddin unknown

    - by Tom Brito
    The following code is a try to encrypt data using AES with asymmetric key: import java.io.OutputStream; import java.math.BigInteger; import java.security.Key; import java.security.KeyFactory; import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey; import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey; import java.security.spec.RSAPrivateKeySpec; import java.security.spec.RSAPublicKeySpec; import javax.crypto.Cipher; public class AsyncronousKeyTest { private final Cipher cipher; private final KeyFactory keyFactory; private final RSAPrivateKey privKey; private AsyncronousKeyTest() throws Exception { cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPaddin", "BC"); keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("AES", "BC"); // create the keys // TODO should this numbers be random? RSAPrivateKeySpec privKeySpec = new RSAPrivateKeySpec(new BigInteger( "d46f473a2d746537de2056ae3092c451", 16), new BigInteger("57791d5430d593164082036ad8b29fb1", 16)); privKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(privKeySpec); } public void generateAuthorizationAct(OutputStream outputStream) throws Exception { // TODO Ticket #14 - GenerateAuthorization action KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("AES", "BC"); // TODO should this numbers be random? RSAPublicKeySpec pubKeySpec = new RSAPublicKeySpec(new BigInteger("d46f473a2d746537de2056ae3092c451", 16), new BigInteger("11", 16)); RSAPublicKey pubKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(pubKeySpec); byte[] data = new byte[] {0x01}; byte[] encrypted = encryptAO(pubKey, data); outputStream.write(encrypted); } /** Encrypt the AuthorizationObject. */ public byte[] encryptAO(Key pubKey, byte[] data) throws Exception { cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey); byte[] cipherText = cipher.doFinal(data); return cipherText; } public byte[] decrypt(byte[] cipherText) throws Exception { cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privKey); byte[] decyptedData = cipher.doFinal(cipherText); return decyptedData; } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { System.out.println("start"); AsyncronousKeyTest auth = new AsyncronousKeyTest(); auth.generateAuthorizationAct(System.out); System.out.println("done"); } } but at line cipher = Cipher.getInstance(AesEncrypter.getTransformation(), "BC"); it throws NoSuchPaddingException: Padding NoPaddin unknown. What is this? And how to solve?

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  • Writing file from HttpWebRequest periodically vs. after download finishes?

    - by WB3000
    Right now I am using this code to download files (with a Range header). Most of the files are large, and it is running 99% of CPU currently as the file downloads. Is there any way that the file can be written periodically so that it does not remain in RAM constantly? private byte[] GetWebPageContent(string url, long start, long finish) { byte[] result = new byte[finish]; HttpWebRequest request; request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest; //request.Headers.Add("Range", "bytes=" + start + "-" + finish); request.AddRange((int)start, (int)finish); using (WebResponse response = request.GetResponse()) { return ReadFully(response.GetResponseStream()); } } public static byte[] ReadFully(Stream stream) { byte[] buffer = new byte[32768]; using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { while (true) { int read = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); if (read <= 0) return ms.ToArray(); ms.Write(buffer, 0, read); } } }

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  • Some unclear PHP syntax

    - by serhio
    I am a PHP beginner and saw on the forum this PHP expression: $regex = <<<'END' / ( [\x00-\x7F] # single-byte sequences 0xxxxxxx | [\xC0-\xDF][\x80-\xBF] # double-byte sequences 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx | [\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2} # triple-byte sequences 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx * 2 | [\xF0-\xF7][\x80-\xBF]{3} # quadruple-byte sequence 11110xxx 10xxxxxx * 3 ) | ( [\x80-\xBF] ) # invalid byte in range 10000000 - 10111111 | ( [\xC0-\xFF] ) # invalid byte in range 11000000 - 11111111 /x END; Is this code correct? What do these strange (for me) constructions like <<<, 'END', /, /x, and END; mean? I recieve: Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_SL in /home/vhosts/mysite.com/public_html/mypage.php on line X Thanks

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  • C# Program gets stuck

    - by weirdcsharp
    The program never prints out "test" unless I set a breakpoint on it and step over myself. I don't understand what's happening. Appreciate any help. public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); string testKey = "lkirwf897+22#bbtrm8814z5qq=498j5"; string testIv = "741952hheeyy66#cs!9hjv887mxx7@8y"; string testValue = "random"; string encryptedText = EncryptRJ256(testKey, testIv, testValue); string decryptedText = DecryptRJ256(testKey, testIv, encryptedText); Console.WriteLine("encrypted: " + encryptedText); Console.WriteLine("decrypted: " + decryptedText); Console.WriteLine("test"); } public static string DecryptRJ256(string key, string iv, string text) { string sEncryptedString = text; RijndaelManaged myRijndael = new RijndaelManaged(); myRijndael.Padding = PaddingMode.Zeros; myRijndael.Mode = CipherMode.CBC; myRijndael.KeySize = 256; myRijndael.BlockSize = 256; byte[] keyByte = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(key); byte[] IVByte = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(iv); ICryptoTransform decryptor = myRijndael.CreateDecryptor(keyByte, IVByte); byte[] sEncrypted = Convert.FromBase64String(sEncryptedString); byte[] fromEncrypt = new byte[sEncrypted.Length + 1]; MemoryStream msDecrypt = new MemoryStream(sEncrypted); CryptoStream csDecrypt = new CryptoStream(msDecrypt, decryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Read); csDecrypt.Read(fromEncrypt, 0, fromEncrypt.Length); return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(fromEncrypt); } public static string EncryptRJ256(string key, string iv, string text) { string sToEncrypt = text; RijndaelManaged myRijndael = new RijndaelManaged(); myRijndael.Padding = PaddingMode.Zeros; myRijndael.Mode = CipherMode.CBC; myRijndael.KeySize = 256; myRijndael.BlockSize = 256; byte[] keyByte = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(key); byte[] IVByte = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(iv); ICryptoTransform encryptor = myRijndael.CreateEncryptor(keyByte, IVByte); MemoryStream msEncrypt = new MemoryStream(); CryptoStream csEncrypt = new CryptoStream(msEncrypt, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write); byte[] toEncrypt = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sToEncrypt); csEncrypt.Write(toEncrypt, 0, toEncrypt.Length); csEncrypt.FlushFinalBlock(); byte[] encrypted = msEncrypt.ToArray(); return Convert.ToBase64String(encrypted); } } edit: Tried Debug.WriteLine Debug.WriteLine("encrypted: " + encryptedText); Debug.WriteLine("decrypted: " + decryptedText); Debug.WriteLine("test"); Output: encrypted: T4hdAcpP5MROmKLeziLvl7couD0o+6EuB/Kx29RPm9w= decrypted: randomtest Not sure why it's not printing the line terminator.

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  • How to find the jmp address during a x86 function call?

    - by Bruce
    Suppose we have a call foo statement. So when the assembler encounters a call statement it breaks it down into - push ip + 6 jmp <addr of foo> I have the return address in a register ebx. Now I want to find out the "addr of foo". How do I do it? I want to confirm that the push statement is present before the jmp. Will the memory map look something like this? ------- push (what will be the value stored in this byte?? opcode ??) ------- jmp (what will be the value stored in this byte?? opcode ??) ------- jmp byte 1 ------- jmp byte 2 ------- jmp byte 3 ------- jmp byte 4 ------- return address stored in ebx ------- What are the opcodes for push and jmp?

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  • Inconsistent Behavior From Declared DLL Function

    - by Steven
    Why might my GetRawData declared function return a correct value when called from my VB.NET application, but return zero when called from my ASP.NET page? The code is exactly the same except for class type difference (Form / Page) and calling event handler (Form1_Load, Page_Load). Note: In the actual code, #DLL# and #RAWDATAFILE# are both absolute filenames to my DLL and raw data file respectively. Note: The DLL file was not created by Visual Studio. Form1.vb Public Class Form1 Declare Auto Function GetRawData Lib "#DLL#" (ByVal filename() As Byte, _ ByVal byteArray() As Byte, _ ByVal length As Int32) As Int32 Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _ ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load Dim buffer(10485760) As Byte Dim msg As String, length As Integer = 10485760 Dim filename As String = "#RAWDATAFILE#" length = GetRawData(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(filename), buffer, length) Default.aspx.vb Partial Public Class _Default Inherits System.Web.UI.Page Declare Auto Function GetRawData Lib "#DLL#" (ByVal filename() As Byte, _ ByVal byteArray() As Byte, _ ByVal length As Int32) As Int32 Protected Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As Object, _ ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Me.Load Dim buffer(10485760) As Byte Dim msg As String, length As Integer = 10485760 Dim filename As String = "#RAWDATAFILE#" length = GetRawData(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(filename), buffer, length)

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  • Would this union work if char had stricter alignment requirements than int?

    - by paxdiablo
    Recently I came across the following snippet, which is an attempt to ensure all bytes of i (nad no more) are accessible as individual elements of c: union { int i; char c[sizeof(int)]; }; Now this seems a good idea, but I wonder if the standard allows for the case where the alignment requirements for char are more restrictive than that for int. In other words, is it possible to have a four-byte int which is required to be aligned on a four-byte boundary with a one-byte char (it is one byte, by definition, see below) required to be aligned on a sixteen-byte boundary? And would this stuff up the use of the union above? Two things to note. I'm talking specifically about what the standard allows here, not what a sane implementor/architecture would provide. I'm using the term "byte" in the ISO C sense, where it's the width of a char, not necessarily 8 bits.

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  • Is this valid Java code?

    - by Eric
    I'm using Eclipse, and it is perfectly happy with the following code: public interface MessageType { public static final byte KICK = 0x01; public static final byte US_PING = 0x02; public static final byte GOAL_POS = 0x04; public static final byte SHUTDOWN = 0x08; public static final byte[] MESSAGES = new byte[] { KICK, US_PING, GOAL_POS, SHUTDOWN }; } public class MessageTest implements MessageType { public static void main(String[] args) { int b = MessageType.MESSAGES.length; //Not happy } } However, the platform that I'm running it on crashes at the line marked above. By crash, think an equivalent of a BSOD. Is there anything wrong with my code, or do I need to pursue the developers of the Java VM for my platform?

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  • Not seeing Sync Block in Object Layout

    - by bob-bedell
    It's my understanding the all .NET object instances begin with an 8 byte 'object header': a synch block (4 byte pointer into a SynchTableEntry table), and a type handle (4 byte pointer into the types method table). I'm not seeing this in VS 2010 RC's (CLR 4.0) debugger memory windows. Here's a simple class that will generate a 16 byte instance, less the object header. class Program { short myInt = 2; // 4 bytes long myLong = 3; // 8 bytes string myString = "aString"; // 4 byte object reference // 16 byte instance static void Main(string[] args) { new Program(); return; } } An SOS object dump tells me that the total object size is 24 bytes. That makes sense. My 16 byte instance plus an 8 byte object header. !DumpObj 0205b660 Name: Offset_Test.Program MethodTable: 000d383c EEClass: 000d13f8 Size: 24(0x18) bytes File: C:\Users\Bob\Desktop\Offset_Test\Offset_Test\bin\Debug\Offset_Test.exe Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name 632020fc 4000001 10 System.Int16 1 instance 2 myInt 632050d8 4000002 4 System.Int64 1 instance 3 myLong 631fd2b8 4000003 c System.String 0 instance 0205b678 myString Here's the raw memory: 0x0205B660 000d383c 00000003 00000000 0205b678 00000002 ... And here are some annotations: offset 0 000d383c ;TypeHandle (pointer to MethodTable), 4 bytes offset 4 00000003 00000000 ;myLong, 8 bytes offset 12 0205b678 ;myString, 4 byte reference to address of "myString" on GC Heap offset 16 00000002 ;myInt, 4 bytes My object begins a address 0x0205B660. But I can only account for 20 bytes of it, the type handle and the instance fields. There is no sign of a synch block pointer. The object size is reported as 24 bytes, but the debugger is showing that it only occupies 20 bytes of memory. I'm reading Drill Into .NET Framework Internals to See How the CLR Creates Runtime Objects, and expected the first 4 bytes of my object to be a zeroed synch block pointer, as shown in Figure 8 of that article. Granted, this is an article about CLR 1.1. I'm just wondering if the difference between what I'm seeing and what this early article reports is a change in either the debugger's display of object layout, or in the way the CLR lays out objects in versions later than 1.1. Anyway, can anyone account for my 4 missing bytes?

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  • C# Making private instance variable accesable (jagged array)

    - by Chris
    Hello, In a attempt to put some more oop in a program i am looking to make a private instance variable in one class (object) accesable to a class. private byte [][] J; All those code refers to this jagged array with this. Now in the other class i putted all the for loops along with the consolewritlines to display the wanted results. Basicly it says "the name J does not exist in the current context" But how exactly do i make this J accesable? I have tried with get and set but i keep getting 'cannot convert to byte to byte[][]' Also what kind of cyntax would i need with get and set? Something along like this? Or would i need several more steps? : public Byte JArray get { return J; } //can converrt to byte here set { J = value; } //cannnot convert to byte here Kind regards

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  • Acer Allionone Z5810 Touchscreen Issues 12.04

    - by Johannes
    I have an Acer Allionone Z5810, and I can't get the touchscreen to work after I install 12.04. Here is the lsusb output: Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0596:0508 MicroTouch Systems, Inc. Bus 001 Device 004: ID 04b8:0005 Seiko Epson Corp. Printer Bus 001 Device 005: ID 07ca:1336 AVerMedia Technologies, Inc. Bus 002 Device 003: ID 04ca:0058 Lite-On Technology Corp. Bus 002 Device 004: ID 0a12:0001 Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode) Bus 002 Device 005: ID 04f2:b23f Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd xinput --list Virtual core pointer id=2 [master pointer (3)] ? ? Virtual core XTEST pointer id=4 [slave pointer (2)] ? ? Lite-On Technology Corp. Wireless Device id=9 [slave pointer (2)] ? ? Lite-On Technology Corp. Wireless Device id=10 [slave pointer (2)] ? Virtual core keyboard id=3 [master keyboard (2)] ? Virtual core XTEST keyboard id=5 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Power Button id=6 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Power Button id=7 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Lite-On Technology Corp. Wireless Device id=8 [slave keyboard (3)] ? USB 2.0 camera id=11 [slave keyboard (3)] ? AT Translated Set 2 keyboard id=12 [slave keyboard (3)] My xorg.conf contains: nvidia-xconfig: X configuration file generated by nvidia-xconfig nvidia-xconfig: version 304.48 (buildmeister@swio-display x86-rhel47-04.nvidia.com) Sun Sep 9 21:31:39 PDT 2012 Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "Layout0" Screen 0 "Screen0" InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard" InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer" InputDevice "TouchScreen" EndSection Section "Files" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "TouchScreen" Driver "microtouch" Option "Type" "finger" Option "Device" "/dev/ttyS3" Option "ScreenNo" "0" Option "MinX" "0" Option "MaxX" "16383" Option "MinY" "0" Option "MaxY" "16383" Option "SendCoreEvents" "yes" EndSection Section "InputDevice" # generated from default Identifier "Mouse0" Driver "mouse" Option "Protocol" "auto" Option "Device" "/dev/psaux" Option "Emulate3Buttons" "no" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" EndSection Section "InputDevice" # generated from default Identifier "Keyboard0" Driver "kbd" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor0" VendorName "Unknown" ModelName "Unknown" HorizSync 28.0 - 33.0 VertRefresh 43.0 - 72.0 Option "DPMS" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Device0" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Device0" Monitor "Monitor0" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection

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  • Why does async BeginReceiveFrom never time out on a raw socket?

    - by James Hugard
    Writing an asynchronous Ping using Raw Sockets in F#, to enable parallel requests using as few threads as possible. Not using "System.Net.NetworkInformation.Ping", because it appears to allocate one thread per request. Am also interested in using F# async workflows. The synchronous version below correctly times out when the target host does not exist/respond, but the asynchronous version hangs. Both work when the host does respond. Not sure if this is a .NET issue, or an F# one... Any ideas? (note: the process must run as Admin to allow Raw Socket access) This throws a timeout: let result = Ping.Ping ( IPAddress.Parse( "192.168.33.22" ), 1000 ) However, this hangs: let result = Ping.AsyncPing ( IPAddress.Parse( "192.168.33.22" ), 1000 ) |> Async.RunSynchronously Here's the code... module Ping open System open System.Net open System.Net.Sockets open System.Threading //---- ICMP Packet Classes type IcmpMessage (t : byte) = let mutable m_type = t let mutable m_code = 0uy let mutable m_checksum = 0us member this.Type with get() = m_type member this.Code with get() = m_code member this.Checksum = m_checksum abstract Bytes : byte array default this.Bytes with get() = [| m_type m_code byte(m_checksum) byte(m_checksum >>> 8) |] member this.GetChecksum() = let mutable sum = 0ul let bytes = this.Bytes let mutable i = 0 // Sum up uint16s while i < bytes.Length - 1 do sum <- sum + uint32(BitConverter.ToUInt16( bytes, i )) i <- i + 2 // Add in last byte, if an odd size buffer if i <> bytes.Length then sum <- sum + uint32(bytes.[i]) // Shuffle the bits sum <- (sum >>> 16) + (sum &&& 0xFFFFul) sum <- sum + (sum >>> 16) sum <- ~~~sum uint16(sum) member this.UpdateChecksum() = m_checksum <- this.GetChecksum() type InformationMessage (t : byte) = inherit IcmpMessage(t) let mutable m_identifier = 0us let mutable m_sequenceNumber = 0us member this.Identifier = m_identifier member this.SequenceNumber = m_sequenceNumber override this.Bytes with get() = Array.append (base.Bytes) [| byte(m_identifier) byte(m_identifier >>> 8) byte(m_sequenceNumber) byte(m_sequenceNumber >>> 8) |] type EchoMessage() = inherit InformationMessage( 8uy ) let mutable m_data = Array.create 32 32uy do base.UpdateChecksum() member this.Data with get() = m_data and set(d) = m_data <- d this.UpdateChecksum() override this.Bytes with get() = Array.append (base.Bytes) (this.Data) //---- Synchronous Ping let Ping (host : IPAddress, timeout : int ) = let mutable ep = new IPEndPoint( host, 0 ) let socket = new Socket( AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Raw, ProtocolType.Icmp ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.SendTimeout, timeout ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, timeout ) let packet = EchoMessage() let mutable buffer = packet.Bytes try if socket.SendTo( buffer, ep ) <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) buffer <- Array.create (buffer.Length + 20) 0uy let mutable epr = ep :> EndPoint if socket.ReceiveFrom( buffer, &epr ) <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) finally socket.Close() buffer //---- Entensions to the F# Async class to allow up to 5 paramters (not just 3) type Async with static member FromBeginEnd(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,beginAction,endAction,?cancelAction): Async<'T> = Async.FromBeginEnd((fun (iar,state) -> beginAction(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,iar,state)), endAction, ?cancelAction=cancelAction) static member FromBeginEnd(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,beginAction,endAction,?cancelAction): Async<'T> = Async.FromBeginEnd((fun (iar,state) -> beginAction(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,iar,state)), endAction, ?cancelAction=cancelAction) //---- Extensions to the Socket class to provide async SendTo and ReceiveFrom type System.Net.Sockets.Socket with member this.AsyncSendTo( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP ) = Async.FromBeginEnd( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP, this.BeginSendTo, this.EndSendTo ) member this.AsyncReceiveFrom( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP ) = Async.FromBeginEnd( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP, this.BeginReceiveFrom, (fun asyncResult -> this.EndReceiveFrom(asyncResult, remoteEP) ) ) //---- Asynchronous Ping let AsyncPing (host : IPAddress, timeout : int ) = async { let ep = IPEndPoint( host, 0 ) use socket = new Socket( AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Raw, ProtocolType.Icmp ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.SendTimeout, timeout ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, timeout ) let packet = EchoMessage() let outbuffer = packet.Bytes try let! result = socket.AsyncSendTo( outbuffer, 0, outbuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, ep ) if result <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) let epr = ref (ep :> EndPoint) let inbuffer = Array.create (outbuffer.Length + 256) 0uy let! result = socket.AsyncReceiveFrom( inbuffer, 0, inbuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, epr ) if result <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) return inbuffer finally socket.Close() }

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  • How to detect a timeout when using asynchronous Socket.BeginReceive?

    - by James Hugard
    Writing an asynchronous Ping using Raw Sockets in F#, to enable parallel requests using as few threads as possible. Not using "System.Net.NetworkInformation.Ping", because it appears to allocate one thread per request. Am also interested in using F# async workflows. The synchronous version below correctly times out when the target host does not exist/respond, but the asynchronous version hangs. Both work when the host does respond. Not sure if this is a .NET issue, or an F# one... Any ideas? (note: the process must run as Admin to allow Raw Socket access) This throws a timeout: let result = Ping.Ping ( IPAddress.Parse( "192.168.33.22" ), 1000 ) However, this hangs: let result = Ping.AsyncPing ( IPAddress.Parse( "192.168.33.22" ), 1000 ) |> Async.RunSynchronously Here's the code... module Ping open System open System.Net open System.Net.Sockets open System.Threading //---- ICMP Packet Classes type IcmpMessage (t : byte) = let mutable m_type = t let mutable m_code = 0uy let mutable m_checksum = 0us member this.Type with get() = m_type member this.Code with get() = m_code member this.Checksum = m_checksum abstract Bytes : byte array default this.Bytes with get() = [| m_type m_code byte(m_checksum) byte(m_checksum >>> 8) |] member this.GetChecksum() = let mutable sum = 0ul let bytes = this.Bytes let mutable i = 0 // Sum up uint16s while i < bytes.Length - 1 do sum <- sum + uint32(BitConverter.ToUInt16( bytes, i )) i <- i + 2 // Add in last byte, if an odd size buffer if i <> bytes.Length then sum <- sum + uint32(bytes.[i]) // Shuffle the bits sum <- (sum >>> 16) + (sum &&& 0xFFFFul) sum <- sum + (sum >>> 16) sum <- ~~~sum uint16(sum) member this.UpdateChecksum() = m_checksum <- this.GetChecksum() type InformationMessage (t : byte) = inherit IcmpMessage(t) let mutable m_identifier = 0us let mutable m_sequenceNumber = 0us member this.Identifier = m_identifier member this.SequenceNumber = m_sequenceNumber override this.Bytes with get() = Array.append (base.Bytes) [| byte(m_identifier) byte(m_identifier >>> 8) byte(m_sequenceNumber) byte(m_sequenceNumber >>> 8) |] type EchoMessage() = inherit InformationMessage( 8uy ) let mutable m_data = Array.create 32 32uy do base.UpdateChecksum() member this.Data with get() = m_data and set(d) = m_data <- d this.UpdateChecksum() override this.Bytes with get() = Array.append (base.Bytes) (this.Data) //---- Synchronous Ping let Ping (host : IPAddress, timeout : int ) = let mutable ep = new IPEndPoint( host, 0 ) let socket = new Socket( AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Raw, ProtocolType.Icmp ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.SendTimeout, timeout ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, timeout ) let packet = EchoMessage() let mutable buffer = packet.Bytes try if socket.SendTo( buffer, ep ) <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) buffer <- Array.create (buffer.Length + 20) 0uy let mutable epr = ep :> EndPoint if socket.ReceiveFrom( buffer, &epr ) <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) finally socket.Close() buffer //---- Entensions to the F# Async class to allow up to 5 paramters (not just 3) type Async with static member FromBeginEnd(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,beginAction,endAction,?cancelAction): Async<'T> = Async.FromBeginEnd((fun (iar,state) -> beginAction(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,iar,state)), endAction, ?cancelAction=cancelAction) static member FromBeginEnd(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,beginAction,endAction,?cancelAction): Async<'T> = Async.FromBeginEnd((fun (iar,state) -> beginAction(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,iar,state)), endAction, ?cancelAction=cancelAction) //---- Extensions to the Socket class to provide async SendTo and ReceiveFrom type System.Net.Sockets.Socket with member this.AsyncSendTo( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP ) = Async.FromBeginEnd( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP, this.BeginSendTo, this.EndSendTo ) member this.AsyncReceiveFrom( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP ) = Async.FromBeginEnd( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP, this.BeginReceiveFrom, (fun asyncResult -> this.EndReceiveFrom(asyncResult, remoteEP) ) ) //---- Asynchronous Ping let AsyncPing (host : IPAddress, timeout : int ) = async { let ep = IPEndPoint( host, 0 ) use socket = new Socket( AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Raw, ProtocolType.Icmp ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.SendTimeout, timeout ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, timeout ) let packet = EchoMessage() let outbuffer = packet.Bytes try let! result = socket.AsyncSendTo( outbuffer, 0, outbuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, ep ) if result <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) let epr = ref (ep :> EndPoint) let inbuffer = Array.create (outbuffer.Length + 256) 0uy let! result = socket.AsyncReceiveFrom( inbuffer, 0, inbuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, epr ) if result <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) return inbuffer finally socket.Close() }

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  • How do I obtain a code point integer from a 1 to 4 byte UTF-8 encoded sequence in Windows?

    - by Patrick Niedzielski
    Hello, I am Patrick Niedzielski, a programmer for the Free Software 3D adventure game Humm and Strumm. I'm working on a minimal Unicode character class in C++. I currently have an array of four bytes representing a UTF-8 sequence. On GNU/Linux, I can just convert to UTF-32 with iconv(), but on Windows, I cannot do this. Is it possible to convert the array to a single code point? Thanks, Patrick

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  • Perl EPIC Not recognising installed CPAN modules

    - by Recc
    Eclipse on a mac, was working fine adding new modules until I Installed Text::CSV_XS which Eclips doesn't recognise as added to @INC For instance use strict; use SOAP::Transport::HTTP; SOAP::Transport::HTTP::CGI->dispatch_to('C2FService')->handle; BEGIN { package C2FService; use vars qw(@ISA); @ISA = qw(Exporter SOAP::Server::Parameters); use SOAP::Lite; sub c2f { my $self = shift; my $envelope = pop; my $temp = $envelope->dataof("//c2f/temperature"); return SOAP::Data->name( 'convertedTemp' => ( ( ( 9 / 5 ) * ( $temp->value ) ) + 32 ) ); } } use SOAP::Transport::HTTP; is marked as error if I comment it out use SOAP::Lite; is in turn marked as an error, not found etc the usual if a module is not installed. Both are installed with CPAN and $ perl -c soap-test.pl post-code-check.pl syntax OK Perl is fine CPAN tests are all pass, the code works, only EPIC lags behind. $ pwd && ls /opt/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.12.4/SOAP Client.pod Lite Server.pod Constants.pm Lite.pm Test.pm Data.pod Packager.pm Trace.pod Deserializer.pod SOM.pod Transport Fault.pod Schema.pod Transport.pod Header.pod Serializer.pod Utils.pod And if I have use errors in the start of my files the rest of the source is not error checked..

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  • Anatomy of a .NET Assembly - Custom attribute encoding

    - by Simon Cooper
    In my previous post, I covered how field, method, and other types of signatures are encoded in a .NET assembly. Custom attribute signatures differ quite a bit from these, which consequently affects attribute specifications in C#. Custom attribute specifications In C#, you can apply a custom attribute to a type or type member, specifying a constructor as well as the values of fields or properties on the attribute type: public class ExampleAttribute : Attribute { public ExampleAttribute(int ctorArg1, string ctorArg2) { ... } public Type ExampleType { get; set; } } [Example(5, "6", ExampleType = typeof(string))] public class C { ... } How does this specification actually get encoded and stored in an assembly? Specification blob values Custom attribute specification signatures use the same building blocks as other types of signatures; the ELEMENT_TYPE structure. However, they significantly differ from other types of signatures, in that the actual parameter values need to be stored along with type information. There are two types of specification arguments in a signature blob; fixed args and named args. Fixed args are the arguments to the attribute type constructor, named arguments are specified after the constructor arguments to provide a value to a field or property on the constructed attribute type (PropertyName = propValue) Values in an attribute blob are limited to one of the basic types (one of the number types, character, or boolean), a reference to a type, an enum (which, in .NET, has to use one of the integer types as a base representation), or arrays of any of those. Enums and the basic types are easy to store in a blob - you simply store the binary representation. Strings are stored starting with a compressed integer indicating the length of the string, followed by the UTF8 characters. Array values start with an integer indicating the number of elements in the array, then the item values concatentated together. Rather than using a coded token, Type values are stored using a string representing the type name and fully qualified assembly name (for example, MyNs.MyType, MyAssembly, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=0123456789abcdef). If the type is in the current assembly or mscorlib then just the type name can be used. This is probably done to prevent direct references between assemblies solely because of attribute specification arguments; assemblies can be loaded in the reflection-only context and attribute arguments still processed, without loading the entire assembly. Fixed and named arguments Each entry in the CustomAttribute metadata table contains a reference to the object the attribute is applied to, the attribute constructor, and the specification blob. The number and type of arguments to the constructor (the fixed args) can be worked out by the method signature referenced by the attribute constructor, and so the fixed args can simply be concatenated together in the blob without any extra type information. Named args are different. These specify the value to assign to a field or property once the attribute type has been constructed. In the CLR, fields and properties can be overloaded just on their type; different fields and properties can have the same name. Therefore, to uniquely identify a field or property you need: Whether it's a field or property (indicated using byte values 0x53 and 0x54, respectively) The field or property type The field or property name After the fixed arg values is a 2-byte number specifying the number of named args in the blob. Each named argument has the above information concatenated together, mostly using the basic ELEMENT_TYPE values, in the same way as a method or field signature. A Type argument is represented using the byte 0x50, and an enum argument is represented using the byte 0x55 followed by a string specifying the name and assembly of the enum type. The named argument property information is followed by the argument value, using the same encoding as fixed args. Boxed objects This would be all very well, were it not for object and object[]. Arguments and properties of type object allow a value of any allowed argument type to be specified. As a result, more information needs to be specified in the blob to interpret the argument bytes as the correct type. So, the argument value is simple prepended with the type of the value by specifying the ELEMENT_TYPE or name of the enum the value represents. For named arguments, a field or property of type object is represented using the byte 0x51, with the actual type specified in the argument value. Some examples... All property signatures start with the 2-byte value 0x0001. Similar to my previous post in the series, names in capitals correspond to a particular byte value in the ELEMENT_TYPE structure. For strings, I'll simply give the string value, rather than the length and UTF8 encoding in the actual blob. I'll be using the following enum and attribute types to demonstrate specification encodings: class AttrAttribute : Attribute { public AttrAttribute() {} public AttrAttribute(Type[] tArray) {} public AttrAttribute(object o) {} public AttrAttribute(MyEnum e) {} public AttrAttribute(ushort x, int y) {} public AttrAttribute(string str, Type type1, Type type2) {} public int Prop1 { get; set; } public object Prop2 { get; set; } public object[] ObjectArray; } enum MyEnum : int { Val1 = 1, Val2 = 2 } Now, some examples: Here, the the specification binds to the (ushort, int) attribute constructor, with fixed args only. The specification blob starts off with a prolog, followed by the two constructor arguments, then the number of named arguments (zero): [Attr(42, 84)] 0x0001 0x002a 0x00000054 0x0000 An example of string and type encoding: [Attr("MyString", typeof(Array), typeof(System.Windows.Forms.Form))] 0x0001 "MyString" "System.Array" "System.Windows.Forms.Form, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" 0x0000 As you can see, the full assembly specification of a type is only needed if the type isn't in the current assembly or mscorlib. Note, however, that the C# compiler currently chooses to fully-qualify mscorlib types anyway. An object argument (this binds to the object attribute constructor), and two named arguments (a null string is represented by 0xff and the empty string by 0x00) [Attr((ushort)40, Prop1 = 12, Prop2 = "")] 0x0001 U2 0x0028 0x0002 0x54 I4 "Prop1" 0x0000000c 0x54 0x51 "Prop2" STRING 0x00 Right, more complicated now. A type array as a fixed argument: [Attr(new[] { typeof(string), typeof(object) })] 0x0001 0x00000002 // the number of elements "System.String" "System.Object" 0x0000 An enum value, which is simply represented using the underlying value. The CLR works out that it's an enum using information in the attribute constructor signature: [Attr(MyEnum.Val1)] 0x0001 0x00000001 0x0000 And finally, a null array, and an object array as a named argument: [Attr((Type[])null, ObjectArray = new object[] { (byte)2, typeof(decimal), null, MyEnum.Val2 })] 0x0001 0xffffffff 0x0001 0x53 SZARRAY 0x51 "ObjectArray" 0x00000004 U1 0x02 0x50 "System.Decimal" STRING 0xff 0x55 "MyEnum" 0x00000002 As you'll notice, a null object is encoded as a null string value, and a null array is represented using a length of -1 (0xffffffff). How does this affect C#? So, we can now explain why the limits on attribute arguments are so strict in C#. Attribute specification blobs are limited to basic numbers, enums, types, and arrays. As you can see, this is because the raw CLR encoding can only accommodate those types. Special byte patterns have to be used to indicate object, string, Type, or enum values in named arguments; you can't specify an arbitary object type, as there isn't a generalised way of encoding the resulting value in the specification blob. In particular, decimal values can't be encoded, as it isn't a 'built-in' CLR type that has a native representation (you'll notice that decimal constants in C# programs are compiled as several integer arguments to DecimalConstantAttribute). Jagged arrays also aren't natively supported, although you can get around it by using an array as a value to an object argument: [Attr(new object[] { new object[] { new Type[] { typeof(string) } }, 42 })] Finally... Phew! That was a bit longer than I thought it would be. Custom attribute encodings are complicated! Hopefully this series has been an informative look at what exactly goes on inside a .NET assembly. In the next blog posts, I'll be carrying on with the 'Inside Red Gate' series.

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  • C# need help debugging socks5-connection attemp

    - by Chuck
    Hi, I've written the following code to (successfully) connect to a socks5 proxy. I send a user/pw auth and get an OK reply (0x00), but as soon as I tell the proxy to connect to whichever ip:port, it gives me 0x01 (general error). Socket socket5_proxy = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); IPEndPoint proxyEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("111.111.111.111"), 1080); // proxy ip, port. fake for posting purposes. socket5_proxy.Connect(proxyEndPoint); byte[] init_socks_command = new byte[4]; init_socks_command[0] = 0x05; init_socks_command[1] = 0x02; init_socks_command[2] = 0x00; init_socks_command[3] = 0x02; socket5_proxy.Send(init_socks_command); byte[] socket_response = new byte[2]; int bytes_recieved = socket5_proxy.Receive(socket_response, 2, SocketFlags.None); if (socket_response[1] == 0x02) { byte[] temp_bytes; string socks5_user = "foo"; string socks5_pass = "bar"; byte[] auth_socks_command = new byte[3 + socks5_user.Length + socks5_pass.Length]; auth_socks_command[0] = 0x05; auth_socks_command[1] = Convert.ToByte(socks5_user.Length); temp_bytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(socks5_user); temp_bytes.CopyTo(auth_socks_command, 2); auth_socks_command[2 + socks5_user.Length] = Convert.ToByte(socks5_pass.Length); temp_bytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(socks5_pass); temp_bytes.CopyTo(auth_socks_command, 3 + socks5_user.Length); socket5_proxy.Send(auth_socks_command); socket5_proxy.Receive(socket_response, 2, SocketFlags.None); if (socket_response[1] != 0x00) return; byte[] connect_socks_command = new byte[10]; connect_socks_command[0] = 0x05; connect_socks_command[1] = 0x02; // streaming connect_socks_command[2] = 0x00; connect_socks_command[3] = 0x01; // ipv4 temp_bytes = IPAddress.Parse("222.222.222.222").GetAddressBytes(); // target connection. fake ip, obviously temp_bytes.CopyTo(connect_socks_command, 4); byte[] portBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(8888); connect_socks_command[8] = portBytes[0]; connect_socks_command[9] = portBytes[1]; socket5_proxy.Send(connect_socks_command); socket5_proxy.Receive(socket_response); if (socket_response[1] != 0x00) MessageBox.Show("Damn it"); // I always end here, 0x01 I've used this as a reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOCKS#SOCKS_5 Have I completely misunderstood something here? How I see it, I can connect to the socks5 fine. I can authenticate fine. But I/the proxy can't "do" anything? Yes, I know the proxy works. Yes, the target ip is available and yes the target port is open/responsive. I get 0x01 no matter what I try to connect to. Any help is VERY MUCH appreciated! Thanks, Chuck

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  • Why does BeginReceiveFrom never time out?

    - by James Hugard
    I am writing an asynchronous Ping using Raw Sockets in F#, to enable parallel requests using as few threads as possible ("System.Net.NetworkInformation.Ping" appears to use one thread per request, but have not tested this... also am interested in using F# async workflows). The synchronous version below correctly times out when the target host does not exist/respond, but the asynchronous version hangs. Both work when the host does respond... Any ideas? (note: the process must run as Admin for this code to work) This throws a timeout: let result = Ping.Ping ( IPAddress.Parse( "192.168.33.22" ), 1000 ) However, this hangs: let result = Ping.PingAsync ( IPAddress.Parse( "192.168.33.22" ), 1000 ) |> Async.RunSynchronously Here's the code... module Ping open System open System.Net open System.Net.Sockets open System.Threading //---- ICMP Packet Classes type IcmpMessage (t : byte) = let mutable m_type = t let mutable m_code = 0uy let mutable m_checksum = 0us member this.Type with get() = m_type member this.Code with get() = m_code member this.Checksum = m_checksum abstract Bytes : byte array default this.Bytes with get() = [| m_type m_code byte(m_checksum) byte(m_checksum >>> 8) |] member this.GetChecksum() = let mutable sum = 0ul let bytes = this.Bytes let mutable i = 0 // Sum up uint16s while i < bytes.Length - 1 do sum <- sum + uint32(BitConverter.ToUInt16( bytes, i )) i <- i + 2 // Add in last byte, if an odd size buffer if i <> bytes.Length then sum <- sum + uint32(bytes.[i]) // Shuffle the bits sum <- (sum >>> 16) + (sum &&& 0xFFFFul) sum <- sum + (sum >>> 16) sum <- ~~~sum uint16(sum) member this.UpdateChecksum() = m_checksum <- this.GetChecksum() type InformationMessage (t : byte) = inherit IcmpMessage(t) let mutable m_identifier = 0us let mutable m_sequenceNumber = 0us member this.Identifier = m_identifier member this.SequenceNumber = m_sequenceNumber override this.Bytes with get() = Array.append (base.Bytes) [| byte(m_identifier) byte(m_identifier >>> 8) byte(m_sequenceNumber) byte(m_sequenceNumber >>> 8) |] type EchoMessage() = inherit InformationMessage( 8uy ) let mutable m_data = Array.create 32 32uy do base.UpdateChecksum() member this.Data with get() = m_data and set(d) = m_data <- d this.UpdateChecksum() override this.Bytes with get() = Array.append (base.Bytes) (this.Data) //---- Synchronous Ping let Ping (host : IPAddress, timeout : int ) = let mutable ep = new IPEndPoint( host, 0 ) let socket = new Socket( AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Raw, ProtocolType.Icmp ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.SendTimeout, timeout ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, timeout ) let packet = EchoMessage() let mutable buffer = packet.Bytes try if socket.SendTo( buffer, ep ) <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) buffer <- Array.create (buffer.Length + 20) 0uy let mutable epr = ep :> EndPoint if socket.ReceiveFrom( buffer, &epr ) <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) finally socket.Close() buffer //---- Entensions to the F# Async class to allow up to 5 paramters (not just 3) type Async with static member FromBeginEnd(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,beginAction,endAction,?cancelAction): Async<'T> = Async.FromBeginEnd((fun (iar,state) -> beginAction(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,iar,state)), endAction, ?cancelAction=cancelAction) static member FromBeginEnd(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,beginAction,endAction,?cancelAction): Async<'T> = Async.FromBeginEnd((fun (iar,state) -> beginAction(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,iar,state)), endAction, ?cancelAction=cancelAction) //---- Extensions to the Socket class to provide async SendTo and ReceiveFrom type System.Net.Sockets.Socket with member this.AsyncSendTo( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP ) = Async.FromBeginEnd( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP, this.BeginSendTo, this.EndSendTo ) member this.AsyncReceiveFrom( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP ) = Async.FromBeginEnd( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP, this.BeginReceiveFrom, (fun asyncResult -> this.EndReceiveFrom(asyncResult, remoteEP) ) ) //---- Asynchronous Ping let PingAsync (host : IPAddress, timeout : int ) = async { let ep = IPEndPoint( host, 0 ) use socket = new Socket( AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Raw, ProtocolType.Icmp ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.SendTimeout, timeout ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, timeout ) let packet = EchoMessage() let outbuffer = packet.Bytes try let! result = socket.AsyncSendTo( outbuffer, 0, outbuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, ep ) if result <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) let epr = ref (ep :> EndPoint) let inbuffer = Array.create (outbuffer.Length + 256) 0uy let! result = socket.AsyncReceiveFrom( inbuffer, 0, inbuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, epr ) if result <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) return inbuffer finally socket.Close() }

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  • Flex HttpService POST limited to 543 Byte per Form field?

    - by motto
    Hi, I am getting a FaultEvent when trying to send form fields through HTTPService that contain more than 542 chars. Initializing the HttpService: httpServ = new HTTPService(); httpServ.method = 'POST'; httpServ.url = ENDPOINT_URL; //http://localhost:3001/ReportError.aspx httpServ.resultFormat = HTTPService.RESULT_FORMAT_TEXT; httpServ.contentType = HTTPService.CONTENT_TYPE_FORM; httpServ.addEventListener(ResultEvent.RESULT, OnErrorSent); httpServ.addEventListener(FaultEvent.FAULT, OnFault); Sending the request: var params:Object = {}; //params["stack"] = e.stackTrace.slice(0, 542); //length 542 = works //params["stack2"] = e.stackTrace.slice(1, 543); //length 542 = works (just to show that it's not about the content itself) params["stack3"] = e.stackTrace.slice(0, 543); //length 543 = fails I also seem to be able to create many form fields (with 542 length) so that it's not a limit of the request itself but of the form field: var params:Object = {}; params["stack"] = e.stackTrace.slice(0, 542); //length 542 params["stack2"] = e.stackTrace.slice(1, 543); //length 542 params["stack3"] = e.stackTrace.slice(2, 544); //length 542 // Length > 1600 chars The receiving party is an ASP.NET 4 site on the same domain and port. I hope someone already came across a similar restrictions or has some general advice on how to trace this problem down further. Thanks in advance.

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  • How are Java ByteBuffer's limit and position variable's updated?

    - by Dummy Derp
    There are two scenarios: writing and reading Writing: Whenever I write something to the ByteBuffer by calling its put(byte[]) method the position variable is incremented as: current position + size of byte[] and limit stays at the max. If, however, I put the data in a view buffer then I will have to, manually, calculate and update the position Before I call the write(ByteBuffer) method of the channel to write something, I will have to flip() the Bytebuffer so that position points to zero and limit points to the last byte that was written to the ByteBuffer. Reading: Whenever I call the read(ByteBuffer) method of a channel to read something, the position variable stays at 0 and the limit variable of the ByteBuffer points to the last byte that was read. So, if the ByteBuffer is smaller than the file being read, the limit variable is pushed to max This means that the ByteBuffer is already flipped and I can proceed to extracting the values from the ByteBuffer. Please, correct me where I am wrong :)

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