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• How can I free memory on linux

  - by user35153

  When I use top to see memory usage, I have 65gb ram but only 1.3gb of it free and remaining is shown as used. When I ran my program It gives memory insufficiency error. Although no other program is using the remaining 63.7gb ram it is hold. how can I get free the unused ram?

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• Motherboard max memory supported

  - by Ashfame

  I have an Intel DG965RY motherboard and its specification says it supports 8GB with 533 or 667Mhz RAM sticks and only 4GB with 800Mhz RAM sticks. I am running a 64bit OS. I earlier had 2 X 1GB sticks (800Mhz), so I bought 2 X 2GB sticks (800Mhz) and I underclocked them in the settings to run at 667Mhz. Shouldn't it support all 6GB RAM now? It would be a bummer if I will specifically need 667Mhz sticks thinking that at the worst they will underclock and then run at 667Mhz. I tried this because I saw someone posted at some forum that he put in 4GB+ of RAM in the same board @ 800Mhz and the system uses it all. In my case (On Ubuntu), it only shows 3.2GB as of now (link to Question) so needed to confirm if this is a hardware limitation.

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• How many VPS' can I create on my server?

  - by user197692

  I need to create as many VPS's on my dedicated server (KVM or OpenVZ) in order to sell them but I really don't know the answer. RAM calculation is simple, it's more about CPU resources, how many VPS's can hold. I'am talking about Intel i7-2600 (4 cores, 8 Threads). I need to deploy as many VPS's. It's all about the nr threads? i.e. 8 threads = maximum 8 x 1vCPU or maximum 4 x 2vCPU? I'am planning to use 1Gb and 2Gb memory on each VPS, the server has 16Gb (but I can raise RAM if need it. So, can I create 8 KVM VPS's with 4 vCPU and 2Gb ram each ? How about 20 VPS's with 1Gb ram and 4vCPU each? How is this decision affected by the hypervisor (KVM, OpenVZ, VMware)?

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• How do I upgrade Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard (OEM Key) to Enterprise (MSDN Key) using DISM?

  - by Tom Crane

  (Originally asked as After upgrading to 2008 R2 Enterprise and installing more RAM, Windows can only see 4.00 GB but now I know what the question really is...) My Dell server came preinstalled with 2008 R2 Standard. I upgraded to Enterprise to take advantage of more than 32GB RAM. This server is purely for dev and testing, so I want to use my MSDN product key for the upgrade. I originally tried to uprade using the MSDN Enterprise key, but it wouldn't have it: dism /online /Set-Edition:ServerEnterprise /ProductKey:[MSDN key] => Error DISM DISM Transmog Provider: PID=5728 Product key is keyed to [], but user requested transmog to [ServerEnterprise] - CTransmogManager::ValidateTransmogrify I tried several things, including changing the current product key to the MSDN one. Eventually I used a KMS generic key which can be found in several technet forum posts. dism /online /Set-Edition:ServerEnterprise /ProductKey:[KMS Generic Key] ... and this appeared to work. I then changed the product key again (using the control panel) to the MSDN key, thinking that was the end of the matter. Only later when tried to start up VMs did I realise I only had 4GB of usable RAM. I didn't make the connection with the licensing changes at this point and went off on a wild goose chase of BIOS settings, memory configurations and the like. Only later when I saw this... http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en/winserverTS/thread/6debc586-0977-4731-b418-ca1edb34fe8b ...did I make the connection and reapply the KMS Generic key - which gave me all the RAM back. But now I have a system that isn't properly licensed, presumably I won't be able to activate it as it is, so I've got 2 days to enjoy it. With the MSDN key applied, only 4GB RAM is usable. Is there a way round this without a) rebuilding the server from scratch with the MSDN key from the start or b) buying a retail Enterprise license

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• How to fix Windows 2008 R2 show less memory than available

  - by eugeneK

  I've got Win2008 R2 64bit installed on Dell R410 server with 8GB of RAM. Dell Open Manage shows 8GB total and 4GB available for use, In Windows Control Panel, System i see 64bit and 8GB of RAM while in Windows Task Manager at Performance tab there is 4GB of memory available. Dell support has made some checks and told me that if BIOS shows 8Gb of RAM and indeed BIOS does then it's operational system issue. Tried to search online for resolution but none found. Please help, thanks

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• Tuning OpenVZ Containers to work better with Java?

  - by Daniel

  I have a 8 GB RAM Server (Dedicated) and currently have KVM Virtual Machines running on there (successfully) however i'm considering moving to OpenVZ as KVM seems a bit overkill with a lot of overhead for what i use it for. In the past i have used OpenVZ Containers, hosted by myself and from other providers and Java doesn't seem to work well with them.. One example is that if i give a container 2 GB RAM ( No burst) (with or without vswap doesn't matter) a java instance can only be tuned to use at very most 1500 MB of that RAM (-Xmx, -Xms). Ideally, i wish to be able to create "Mini" containers with about 256MB, 512MB, 768 RAM and run some java instances in them. My question is: I'm trying to find an ideal way to tune a OpenVZ container configuration to work better with Java memory. Please, don't suggest anything related to Java settings, i'm looking for OpenVZ specific answers.. Though i welcome any suggestion if you feel it may help me. Much Appreciated, Daniel

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• How to Assign datastorage Limit to the datastore from LM?

  - by esxvmuser

  Guys, We have a Data Storeage XYZ with 1TB HDD and 32 GB ram. - We want to assign this to 2 different groups 500GB HDD, 16GB RAM to Group - A and 500GB HDD and 16GB RAM to another group. We want to set this limit from LM, can you please comments if this is possible? and if yes could you please point us where can we do this in LM?

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• 32 vs 64-bit software for same machine?

  - by GorillaSandwich

  What is the difference between 32 and 64-bit software? My understanding is that 64-bit can use more RAM, if it's available, because it has a larger address space for it. Is this correct? And, specifically: If I have a 64-bit operating system with lots of RAM, and I install, say, the 32-bit version of MySQL instead of the 64-bit version, will it be unable to use all the available RAM and therefore run slower than the 64-bit version might on the same machine (assuming RAM becomes the bottleneck before processing speed or disk access speed or whatever)? If I have a 32-bit operating system and I install a 64-bit piece of software on it, will it (probably) fail to run?

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• How to check if a server runs in pressing mode

  - by Ice

  Hi there, Layout: i have at customer side a server (win2003 R2 SP2 standard edition 32-bit) with a sql-server 2005 and some databases. This system starts with the /3GB-Switch. The system reports 3.25 GB RAM and taskmanager reports the process of sqlserver.exe with 2758255 K as the process with the highest consumption. The OS separates RAM for applications and for itself, normaly 50:50. But here we have the /3GB-Switch aktivated and i think the part for the applications is more than 50% of RAM. Knowledge (or better not knowledge): Somebody told me that if the OS runs out of memory within his part of RAM, the server runs into pressing mode. Questions: What is this pressing mode? Is pressing mode possible at all in this szenario? What should be done to get more performance out of this sql-server, beside optimizing the database and all this stuff.

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• Virtual Server 2005 R2 kungfu

  - by AngryHacker

  Does Virtual Server 2005 R2 have a command line interface, that's versatile enough? Here is a situation. I run a Win2k VM on an old memory constrained machine. I allocate it 378MB of RAM and the VM runs just fine. Once a month, inside the VM, I backup the (a very large) database, compress it using 7Zip and ftp it to the backup site (all in a script). Unfortunately the compression part takes a massive amount of RAM (far exceeding the 378MB), it goes for the paging file and brings absolutely everything to a crawl and literally takes 2-3 days, if left unattended. So to fix this, I have to shutdown the VM, give it temporarily 768MB of RAM and then the whole thing finishes in 20 minutes. So, is there a way do the following automatically from the host machine in a script? Shutdown the guest OS (I think, I got this part) Change the RAM allocation from 378 to 768 Start the guest OS again then, 1 hour later, do everything in reverse.

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• VMWare Workstation 8 Disk I/O & Hard Faults

  - by Scott

  I have VMWare Workstation 8 installed on a host machine with the following specs: Intel i5 2500k CPU 16GB DDR3 1600 ram 1TB Western Digital Caviar Black HD I have two Windows 7 virtual machines configured (currently running one at a time but will be operating both at once when my 32GB RAM kit arrives in a couple days). Each one is configured with 8GB of RAM and no tweaks/performance customizations or anything done. All of the VMWare settings are the defaults. When I boot into these machines and run various programs (Visual Studio, Outlook, etc), I can hear the disk thrashing quite a bit and checking Resource Monitor, I can see that I'm getting anywhere between 300-800 hard faults per second. From the host machine, it shows they're coming from the VMWare image. If I go to the virtual machine, whatever app I'm currently loading is the image that's causing the hard faults. As I understand it, hard faults are (simply) when an address in memory has been swapped out to the page file and has to be read from the page file instead of from memory. I don't understand why this is happening though. With 8GB of ram on the guest machine and 6.5GB available, what could be causing this? I know Windows 7 supposedly improved on page file management over XP but it seems excessive for this kind of slowdown, disk thrashing and high hard fault count when I have that much free RAM. Is there anything I can to to improve the performance in my guest machines? On the host machine, I can open/run any applications at all and hard faults stays around 0 with low disk I/O.

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• Caching DNS server (bind9.2) CPU usage is so so so high

  - by Gk.

  I have a caching-only dns server which get ~3k queries per second. Here is specs: Xeon dual-core 2,8GHz 4GB of RAM Centos 5x (kernel 2.6.18-164.15.1.el5PAE) bind 9.4.2 rndc status: recursive clients: 666/4900/5000 About 300 new queries (not in cache) per second. Bind always uses 100% on one core on single-thread config. After I recompiled it to multi-thread, it uses nearly 200% on two core :( No iowait, only sys and user. I searched around but didn't see any info about how bind use CPU. Why does it become bottleneck? One more thing, here is RAM usage: cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 4147876 kB MemFree: 1863972 kB Buffers: 143632 kB Cached: 372792 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 1916804 kB Inactive: 276056 kB I've set max-cache-size to 0 to make sure bind can use as much RAM as it want, but it always stop at ~2GB. Since every second we got not cached queries so theoretically RAM must be exhausted but it wasn't. Do you have any idea? TIA, -Gk

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• further troubleshooting on a p8z77 motherboard

  - by Journeyman Geek

  I just bought a brand now asus p8z77 motherboard with a intel 3770. Its currently not booting - the system powers up for half a second and then powers down, and the CPU error light shines. I've tried switching ram between slots, switching PSUs, updating the bios (which can be done sans processor or ram on this model). Power: The 8 pin power connector is definitely in place correctly, and I've tried swapping PSUs between a new seasonic m12, and a known good cheapie PSU Ram: Ram is in the recommended slot for single stick operation, and tried swapping between the two sticks of DDR3 I have. Processor: Its installed correctly as far as I can tell, no obvious bent pins on the motherboard. At this point I'm guessing I'll need to RMA something. Are there any 'definitive' tests I can try, short of swapping CPU and motherboard that would let me know it is the CPU? Can I actually trust the error light on the motherboard?

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• Upgrading MacBookPro

  - by moray95

  I'm using a Late 2011 13" MacBook Pro with an Intel i5 @ 2.4 GHz and 4 GB 1333 MHz ram. The computer has started to get older. I was going to upgrade the ram but since Mavericks come out, the ram problem just went away and now, it started to get slower and slower. So I was thinking of upgrading my ram to at least 8GB and my CPU. I have two question about that. As I have 1333Mhz rams installed by default, the motherboard should not support 1666Mhz rams. But can I use 1666 Mhz ones and if I can will it make any difference? Also is it possible to upgrade the CPU of my computer? If yes how can I find a CPU compatible with the other components?

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• Computer loop restarts on Windows loading

  - by Robinson G.

  My computer restarts, just after or during Windows loading (4 squares getting together), or after some time on the desktop IF I'm idle. In order to start the computer I either have to swap my RAM (24Go) in differents DIMM slots, for example (I have 4 slots) : 1-2-4 or 2-3-4 or 1-3-4, not the same position each boot or it restarts in a loop... I can also change the ram timing from 1.5 to 1.6V and it starts, at the next reboot I have to change it again to 1.5 or it won't boot... And If after all, I succeed to boot, I have to use the computer for about 10 minutes, and it's ok, if I don't, it restarts by itself after some minutes. If I stay on the BIOS, It's all OK, I can stay for a whole year without restarting. I have check my RAM on Memtest (4*8G SDRAM DDR3) : OK I have check without graphic card : Still the same. I tried to reset the bios stack by getting it off and on : Still the same. I tried to reset my BIOS, and many settings about the RAM in the menu : Still the same. CPU temps are just fine (around 35°C) I was thinking ofc about the motherboard but I want to be sure. Motherboard : MSI zh77a-g43 RAM : 4*8G Dual Mode or not (depends on the number I put ofc.) PSU : 600W (enough to run all the config) CPU : i7 3770 non K

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• SQLS Timeouts - High Reads in Profiler

  - by lb01

  I've audited a SQLS2008 server with Profiler for one day.. the overhead didn't seem to trouble this new client my company has. They are using a legacy VB6 application as a front-end. They're experiencing timeouts once SQLS RAM usage is high. The server is currently running x64 sqls2008 on a VM with nearly 9 GB of RAM. SQL Server's 'max server memory option' is currently set to 6GB. I've put the results of the trace in a table and queried them using this query. SELECT TextData, ApplicationName, Reads FROM [TraceWednesday] WHERE textdata is not null and EventClass = 12 GROUP BY TextData, ApplicationName, Reads ORDER BY Reads DESC As I expected, some values are very high. Top Reads, in pages. 2504188 1965910 1445636 1252433 1239108 1210153 1088580 1072725 Am I correct in thinking that the top one (2504188 pages) is 20033504 KB, which then is roughly ~20'000 MB, 20GB? These queries are often executed and can take quite some time to run. Eventually RAM is used up because of the cache fattening, and timeouts occur once SQL cannot 'splash' pages in the buffer pool as much. Costs go up. Am I correct in my understanding? I've read that I should tune the associated T-SQL and create appropriate indices. Obviously cutting down the I/O would make SQL Server use less RAM. OR, maybe it might just slow down the process of chewing up the whole RAM. If a lot less pages are read, maybe it'll all run much better even when usage is high? (less time swapping, etc.) Currently, our only option is to restart SQL once a week when RAM usage is high, suddenly the timeouts disappear. SQL breathes again. I'm sure lots of DBAs have been in this situation.. I'm asking before I start digging out all of the bad T-SQL and put indices here and there, is there is something else I can do? Any advice except from what I know (not much yet..) Much appreciated. Leo.

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• Would it be better to have 10 GB PC5300 or 8 GB PC PC6400?

  - by jayrdub

  My development machine is heavy on memory usage. It currently only has 4GB of PC5300. I'm going to buy 8 GB of RAM, but should I take out all my existing memory and install just PC6400 or leave some of the original and stick with 5300? I don't know if I'll ever need more than 8GB, I might, I'm just wondering if the speed difference between 5300 and 6400 is worth trashing the 2 or 3 GB of old RAM I would still have room for after adding the new RAM.

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• Would it be better to have 10 GB PC5300 or 8 GB PC6400?

  - by jayrdub

  My development machine is heavy on memory usage. It currently only has 4GB of PC5300. I'm going to buy 8 GB of RAM, but should I take out all my existing memory and install just PC6400 or leave some of the original and stick with 5300? I don't know if I'll ever need more than 8GB, I might, I'm just wondering if the speed difference between 5300 and 6400 is worth trashing the 2 or 3 GB of old RAM I would still have room for after adding the new RAM.

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• Would it be better to have 10 GB PC5300 or 8 GB PC6400?

  - by jayrdub

  My development machine is heavy on memory usage. It currently only has 4GB of PC5300. I'm going to buy 8 GB of RAM, but should I take out all my existing memory and install just PC6400 or leave some of the original and stick with 5300? I don't know if I'll ever need more than 8GB, I might, I'm just wondering if the speed difference between 5300 and 6400 is worth trashing the 2 or 3 GB of old RAM I would still have room for after adding the new RAM.

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• SQLS Timeouts - High Reads in Profiler

  - by lb01

  Hi I've audited a SQLS2008 server with Profiler for one day.. the overhead didn't seem to trouble this new client my company has. They are using a legacy VB6 application as a front-end. They're experiencing timeouts once SQLS RAM usage is high. The server is currently running x64 sqls2008 on a VM with nearly 9 GB of RAM. SQL Server's 'max server memory option' is currently set to 6GB. I've put the results of the trace in a table and queried them using this query. SELECT TextData, ApplicationName, Reads FROM [TraceWednesday] WHERE textdata is not null and EventClass = 12 GROUP BY TextData, ApplicationName, Reads ORDER BY Reads DESC As I expected, some values are very high. Top Reads, in pages. 2504188 1965910 1445636 1252433 1239108 1210153 1088580 1072725 Am I correct in thinking that the top one (2504188 pages) is 20033504 KB, which then is roughly ~20'000 MB, 20GB? These queries are often executed and can take quite some time to run. Eventually RAM is used up because of the cache fattening, and timeouts occur once SQL cannot 'splash' pages in the buffer pool as much. Costs go up. Am I correct in my understanding? I've read that I should tune the associated T-SQL and create appropriate indices. Obviously cutting down the I/O would make SQL Server use less RAM. OR, maybe it might just slow down the process of chewing up the whole RAM. If a lot less pages are read, maybe it'll all run much better even when usage is high? (less time swapping, etc.) Currently, our only option is to restart SQL once a week when RAM usage is high, suddenly the timeouts disappear. SQL breathes again. I'm sure lots of DBAs have been in this situation.. I'm asking before I start digging out all of the bad T-SQL and put indices here and there, is there is something else I can do? Any advice except from what I know (not much yet..) Much appreciated. Leo.

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• Lightweight ad-blocker for firefox

  - by student

  On a old machine (512 MB RAM) I am currently running ubuntu jaunty and firefox 3.0.15. I tried the ad blocker addon add block plus but it eats lots of RAM (300 MB). Is high memory load of this add-on a bug, which is fixed in a newer version or just normal? If so, why is the memory usage so high? Is there another ad blocker add-on for firefox or another browser- add-on combination for linux (ubuntu jaunty) which uses significant less RAM?

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• Clarification of the difference between PCI memory addressing and I/O addressing?

  - by KevinM

  Could someone please clarify the difference between memory and I/O addresses on the PCI/PCIe bus? I understand that I/O addresses are 32-bit, limited to the range 0 to 4GB, and do not map onto system memory (RAM), and that memory addresses are either 32-bit or 64-bit. I get the impression that memory addressing must map onto available RAM, is this true? That if a PCI device wishes to transfer data to a memory address, that address must exist in actual system RAM (and is allocated during PCI configuration) and not virtual memory. So if a PCI device only needs to transfer a small amount of data at a time, where there is no advantage to putting it into RAM or using DMA, then I/O addressing is fine (e.g. a parallel port implemented on a PCI card). And why do I keep reading that PCI/PCIe I/O addressing is being deprecated in favour of memory addressing? Thanks!

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• Should I upgrade memory for my dedicated server?

  - by mc1000

  My memory usage hangs around 25% (swap is generally 1%) on my dedicated server and load is around 2-5. My host recommended that I upgrade from 2GB of ram to 4GB so that I can increase my innodb_buffer from the default 16MB to 2GB. My innodb table size is 2GB. My question is, given that ram usage is 25% does it make sense to upgrade ram? Queries are hanging sometimes, so I'm thinking that a bigger innodb_buffer could decrease load on the database, just not sure if I really need to upgrade my ram first.

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• Webserver - Memory-bound or CPU-bound? [closed]

  - by JJP

  Possible Duplicate: How do you do Load Testing and Capacity Planning for Web Sites I'm installing a social network using Zend Framework & MySql, with lots of plugins & queries. I want Webserver & Sql server on one box. I'm trying to choose between two machines (on hetzner.de): A) intel i7-2600 3.4 GHz 16 GB DDR3 RAM B) intel i7-920 2.6 GHz 24 GB DDR3 RAM B has 50% more RAM but 30% slower clock speed. Q is: is it obvious where the bottleneck will be? Would I ever need 24GB of RAM, even with lots of concurrent users?

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• Confusion of the "stack" in Assembly-level programming

  - by Bigyellow Bastion

  What is the "stack" exactly? I've read articles, tried comprehending it through my understanding, experience, and educated guessing of programming and computers, but I'm a bit perplexed here. The "stack" is a region in RAM? Or is it some other space I'm uncertain of here? The processor pushes bits through registers on to the stack in RAM, or do I have it wrong here? Also, the processor moves the bits from the RAM to the register to "process" it, such as maybe a compare, arithmetic, etc. But what actually can help understand, in some visual or verbal description or both, of how to implement the idea of a "stack" here? Is the stack actually the same in terminology with a "machine stack" meaning it's in RAM? I'm sorry, I don't want to solicit debate or arguments, but I really could use some help here if anyone can straighten things out. TO ADD: I know what a software stack is. I know about LIFO, FIFO, etc. I just want to gain a better understanding of the Assembly-level stack, what it is, where it is, how exactly it works, etc. Thanks for reading!

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