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• Cannot install grub to RAID1 (md0)

  - by Andrew Answer

  I have a RAID1 array on my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and my /sda HDD has been replaced several days ago. I use this commands to replace: # go to superuser sudo bash # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded" # remove broken disk from RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sda1 mdadm /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sda1 # see partitions fdisk -l # shutdown computer shutdown now # physically replace old disk by new # start system again # see partitions fdisk -l # copy partitions from sdb to sda sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sda # recreate id for sda sfdisk --change-id /dev/sda 1 fd # add sda1 to RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sda1 # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded, recovering" # to see status you can use cat /proc/mdstat This is the my mdadm output after sync: /dev/md0: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Feb 17 16:18:25 2010 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 470455360 (448.66 GiB 481.75 GB) Used Dev Size : 470455360 (448.66 GiB 481.75 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Nov 1 15:19:31 2012 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 92e6ff4e:ed3ab4bf:fee5eb6c:d9b9cb11 Events : 0.11049560 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 After bebuilding completion "fdisk -l" says what I have not valid partition table /dev/md0. This is my fdisk -l output: Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00057d19 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 940910984 470455461 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda2 940910985 976768064 17928540 5 Extended /dev/sda5 940911048 976768064 17928508+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000667ca Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 940910984 470455461 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 940910985 976768064 17928540 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 940911048 976768064 17928508+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/md0: 481.7 GB, 481746288640 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 117613840 cylinders, total 940910720 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table This is my grub install output: root@answe:~# grub-install /dev/sda /usr/sbin/grub-setup: warn: Attempting to install GRUB to a disk with multiple partition labels or both partition label and filesystem. This is not supported yet.. /usr/sbin/grub-setup: error: embedding is not possible, but this is required for cross-disk install. root@answe:~# grub-install /dev/sdb Installation finished. No error reported. So 1) "update-grub" find only /sda and /sdb Linux, not /md0 2) "dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc" says "GRUB failed to install the following devices /dev/md0" I cannot load my system except from /sdb1 and /sda1, but in DEGRADED mode... Anybody can resolve this issue? I have big headache with this.

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• Procedural content (settlement) generation

  - by instancedName

  I have, lets say, something like a homework or assignment to do. Roughly said I need to write an algorithm (pseudo code is not necessary, just in depth description) of procedure that would generate settlements, environment and a people to populate it with, as part of some larger world generation procedure. The genre of game is not specified, it could be any genre (rpg, strategy, colony simulation etc.) where interacting with large and extensive world is central to the game. Procedure should be called once per settlement. At the time of calling, world generation procedure makes geography, culture and history input available. Output should be map of the village and it's immediate area, and various potential additional information like myths, history, demographic facts etc. Bonus would be quest ant similar stuff, but that not really my focus at the moment. I will leave quality of the output for later when I actually dig little deeper into this topic. I am free to change parameters as long as I have strong explanation for doing so. Setting of the game is undetermined so I am free to use anything that I like the most. Ok, so my actual question is: Can anyone who has some experience in this field of game design recommend me some good literature, or point me in the direction where I should look/reed/study? I'm somewhat experienced game programmer, but I've never been into game design till now so any help will be great. I want to do this assignment as good as I can. As for deadline, it's not strictly set, but lets say I don't want it to take longer then few weeks, one month at worst case.

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• Lambda&rsquo;s for .NET made easy&hellip;

  - by mbcrump

  The purpose of my blog is to explain things for a beginner to intermediate c# programmer. I’ve seen several blog post that use lambda expressions always assuming the audience is familiar with them. The purpose of this post is to make them simple and easily understood. Let’s begin with a definition. A lambda expression is an anonymous function that can contain expressions and statements, and can be used to create delegates or expression tree types. So anonymous function… delegates or expression tree types? I don’t get it??? Confused yet?   Lets break this into a few definitions and jump right into the code. anonymous function – is an "inline" statement or expression that can be used wherever a delegate type is expected. delegate - is a type that references a method. Once a delegate is assigned a method, it behaves exactly like that method. The delegate method can be used like any other method, with parameters and a return value. Expression trees - represent code in a tree-like data structure, where each node is an expression, for example, a method call or a binary operation such as x < y.   Don’t worry if this still sounds confusing, lets jump right into the code with a simple 3 line program. We are going to use a Function Delegate (all you need to remember is that this delegate returns a value.) Lambda expressions are used most commonly with the Func and Action delegates, so you will see an example of both of these. Lambda Expression 3 lines. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text;   namespace ConsoleApplication7 {     class Program     {          static void Main(string[] args)         {             Func<int, int> myfunc = x => x *x;             Console.WriteLine(myfunc(6).ToString());             Console.ReadLine();         }       } } Is equivalent to Old way of doing it. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text;   namespace ConsoleApplication7 {     class Program     {          static void Main(string[] args)         {               Console.WriteLine(myFunc(6).ToString());             Console.ReadLine();         }            static int myFunc(int x)          {              return x * x;            }       } } In the example, there is a single parameter, x, and the expression is x*x. I’m going to stop here to make sure you are still with me. A lambda expression is an unnamed method written in place of a delegate instance. In other words, the compiler converts the lambda expression to either a : A delegate instance An expression tree All lambda have the following form: (parameters) => expression or statement block Now look back to the ones we have created. It should start to sink in. Don’t get stuck on the => form, use it as an identifier of a lambda. A Lamba expression can also be written in the following form: Lambda Expression. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text;   namespace ConsoleApplication7 {     class Program     {          static void Main(string[] args)         {             Func<int, int> myFunc = x =>             {                 return x * x;             };               Console.WriteLine(myFunc(6).ToString());             Console.ReadLine();         }       } } This form may be easier to read but consumes more space. Lets try an Action delegate – this delegate does not return a value. Action Delegate example. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text;   namespace ConsoleApplication7 {     class Program     {          static void Main(string[] args)         {             Action<string> myAction = (string x) => { Console.WriteLine(x); };             myAction("michael has made this so easy");                                   Console.ReadLine();         }       } } Lambdas can also capture outer variables (such as the example below) A lambda expression can reference the local variables and parameters of the method in which it’s defined. Outer variables referenced by a lambda expression are called captured variables. Capturing Outer Variables using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text;   namespace ConsoleApplication7 {     class Program     {          static void Main(string[] args)         {             string mike = "Michael";             Action<string> myAction = (string x) => {                 Console.WriteLine("{0}{1}", mike, x);          };             myAction(" has made this so easy");                                   Console.ReadLine();         }       } } Lamba’s can also with a strongly typed list to loop through a collection.   Used w a strongly typed list. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text;   namespace ConsoleApplication7 {     class Program     {          static void Main(string[] args)         {             List<string> list = new List<string>() { "1", "2", "3", "4" };             list.ForEach(s => Console.WriteLine(s));             Console.ReadLine();         }       } } Outputs: 1 2 3 4 I think this will get you started with Lambda’s, as always consult the MSDN documentation for more information. Still confused? Hopefully you are not.

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• In Windows, a batch file with a recursive for loop and a file name including blanks

  - by uvts_cvs

  Hello, I have a folder tree, like this (it's only an example, it will be deeper in my real case): C:\test | +---folder1 | foo bar.txt | foobar.txt | +---folder2 | foo bar.txt | foobar.txt | \---folder3 foo bar.txt foobar.txt My files have one or more spaces in the name and I need to perform a command on them, so I am interested in foo bar.txt but not in foobar.txt. I tried (inside a batch file): for /r test %%f in (foo bar.txt) do if exist %%f echo %%f where the command is the simple echo. It does not work because the space is skipped and I get no output. This works but it is not what I need: for /r test %%f in (foobar.txt) do if exist %%f echo %%f It prints: C:\test\folder1\foobar.txt C:\test\folder2\foobar.txt C:\test\folder3\foobar.txt I tried using the quotation mark (") but it does not work: for /r test %%f in ("foo bar.txt") do if exist %%f echo %%f It does not work because the quotation mark is still included in the output: C:\test\folder1\"foo bar.txt" C:\test\folder2\"foo bar.txt" C:\test\folder3\"foo bar.txt"

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• PHP failing to connect to GMail via IMAP [Edited!!]

  - by Alexander

  I have some php code that I'm trying to use to connect to gmail using imap. Here's the code: $hostname = '{imap.gmail.com:993/imap/ssl/novalidate-cert}INBOX'; $tmp_username = 'username'; $tmp_password = 'password'; $inbox = imap_open($hostname, $username, $password) or die(imap_last_error()); And I get this error output everytime i try to connect: Warning: imap_open() [function.imap-open]: Couldn't open stream {imap.gmail.com:993/imap/ssl/novalidate-cert}INBOX in /var/www/PHP/EmailScript.php on line 14 Login aborted I dont understand what could be wrong!! I've heard of people having SSL errors but this doesnt seem to be one of those. Please please please help me!!!!! Edit: When trying to connect to imap.gmail.com through telnet-ssl i get the following output: Trying 74.125.155.109... Connected to gmail-imap.l.google.com. Escape character is '^]'. And Nothign else happens

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• Recovering data from /

  - by Abhijit Gavas

  I accidentally installed Ubuntu to one of my data drives from Windows. The drive was a NTFS drive and contained about 80 GB of important data. The size of the drive is 110 GB. Its new file system is ext4. In an attempt to recover the data, I downloaded foremost and tried the following commands: foremost -i / -o /media/281C8DB01C8D7998/Recovery/ -T -v foremost -i /dev/sda7 -o /media/281C8DB01C8D7998/Recovery/ -T -v (sda7 is the drive in question.) It appears that with either command, foremost gets stuck reading some file. Here is the console output: abhi@abi-PC:/dev$ foremost -i /dev/sda7 -o /media/281C8DB01C8D7998/Recovery/ -T -v Foremost version 1.5.7 by Jesse Kornblum, Kris Kendall, and Nick Mikus Audit File Foremost started at Fri Sep 28 20:58:00 2012 Invocation: foremost -i /dev/sda7 -o /media/281C8DB01C8D7998/Recovery/ -T -v Output directory: /media/281C8DB01C8D7998/Recovery_Fri_Sep_28_20_58_00_2012 Configuration file: /etc/foremost.conf Processing: stdin |------------------------------------------------------------------ File: stdin Start: Fri Sep 28 20:58:00 2012 Length: Unknown Num Name (bs=512) Size File Offset Comment Killed As you can see I have to kill it from system monitor. This approach does not seem to be working. What else could I try to recover the files? Please help. The files are very important and I will be devastated if I cannot recover them.

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• How do you splice out a part of an xvid encoded avi file, with ffmpeg? (no problems with other files

  - by yegor

  Im using the following command, which works for most files, except what seems to be xvid encoded ones /usr/bin/ffmpeg -sameq -i file.avi -ss 00:01:00 -t 00:00:30 -ac 2 -r 25 -copyts output.avi So this should basically splice out 30 seconds of video + audio, starting from 1 minute mark. It does START encoding at the 00:01:00 mark but it goes all the way to the end of the file for some reason, ignoring that I want just 30 seconds. The output looks like this. FFmpeg version git-ecc4bdd, Copyright (c) 2000-2010 the FFmpeg developers built on May 31 2010 04:52:24 with gcc 4.4.3 20100127 (Red Hat 4.4.3-4) configuration: --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libfaac --enable-libvorbis --enable-gpl --enable-nonfree --enable-libxvid --enable-pthreads --enable-libfaad --extra-cflags=-fPIC --enable-postproc --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-shared libavutil 50.15. 2 / 50.15. 2 libavcodec 52.67. 0 / 52.67. 0 libavformat 52.62. 0 / 52.62. 0 libavdevice 52. 2. 0 / 52. 2. 0 libavfilter 1.20. 0 / 1.20. 0 libswscale 0.10. 0 / 0.10. 0 libpostproc 51. 2. 0 / 51. 2. 0 [mpeg4 @ 0x17cf770]Invalid and inefficient vfw-avi packed B frames detected Input #0, avi, from 'file.avi': Metadata: ISFT : VirtualDubMod 1.5.10.2 (build 2540/release) Duration: 00:02:00.00, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 1587 kb/s Stream #0.0: Video: mpeg4, yuv420p, 672x368 [PAR 1:1 DAR 42:23], 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc Stream #0.1: Audio: ac3, 48000 Hz, 5.1, s16, 448 kb/s File 'lol6.avi' already exists. Overwrite ? [y/N] y Output #0, avi, to 'lol6.avi': Metadata: ISFT : Lavf52.62.0 Stream #0.0: Video: mpeg4, yuv420p, 672x368 [PAR 1:1 DAR 42:23], q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 25 tbn, 25 tbc Stream #0.1: Audio: mp2, 48000 Hz, 2 channels, s16, 64 kb/s Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 -> #0.0 Stream #0.1 -> #0.1 Press [q] to stop encoding [mpeg4 @ 0x17cf770]Invalid and inefficient vfw-avi packed B frames detected [buffer @ 0x184b610]Buffering several frames is not supported. Please consume all available frames before adding a new one. frame= 1501 fps=104 q=0.0 Lsize= 15612kB time=30.02 bitrate=4259.7kbits/s ts/s video:15303kB audio:235kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead 0.482620% if I convert this file to mp4 for example, and then perform the same action, it works perfectly.

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• Where does the information shown by OS X Terminal 'Display all commands' feature come from?

  - by Sergio Acosta

  I just learned that if you hit and hold ESC while on the Mac Terminal, a prompt appears after a few seconds offering to show every command available on your system, including aliases, built-ins, and executables on your PATH. Soruce: http://www.mactricksandtips.com/2008/05/list-all-possible-terminal-commands.html However, the output is show through a more filter, and I cannot grep it or pipe it to another command. Does anyone know how this magic output is generated? Is it just generated on the fly by Terminal? Is there a bash command that can be called explicitly on the command line and get the same result? It is mostly curiosity, but I would love to be able to get the results as text I can post-process and not just browse on screen.

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• Freeze after 'init-bottom' script before installation starts on a Lenovo G475

  - by NikitaBaksalyar

  I'm trying to install Ubuntu 11.04 x86 on a Lenovo G475 laptop (based on AMD Fusion), but installation freezes after loading ends on a splash screen. I've tried to run installation without quiet and splash parameters - but result is the same: installation freeze after running "init-bottom" script. I thought that it can be because of BIOS settings, but I've also tried to change them several times without any result.

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• FFmpeg creates emtpy (black) frames

  - by resamsel

  I have a set of images from a timelapse shot (172 JPG files) that I want to convert into a movie. I tried several parameters with FFmpeg, but all I get is a video with black frames (though it has the expected length). ffmpeg -f image2 -vcodec mjpeg -y -i img_%03d.jpg timelapse2.mpg The command above creates this video: http://sdm-net.org/data/timelapse2.mpg What I'm expecting is something like this (created with Time Lapse Assembler.app): https://vimeo.com/39038362 - This is my fallback option, but I'd really like to create timelapse movies from a script. I'm on OSX Lion (10.7.3) with FFmpeg version (0.10) installed via Homebrew. I also tried to find a proper version of mencoder for OSX, but this doesn't seem to be an easy task. Also, ImageMagick's convert doesn't seem to work nicely, it creates really bad output and it seems there's not much I can do about it... Edit: With libx264 and an mp4 container: ffmpeg -f image2 -y -i img_%03d.jpg -vcodec libx264 timelapse4.mp4 Output: ffmpeg version 0.10 Copyright (c) 2000-2012 the FFmpeg developers built on Mar 26 2012 13:47:02 with clang 3.0 (tags/Apple/clang-211.12) configuration: --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/ffmpeg/0.10 --enable-shared --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-nonfree --enable-hardcoded-tables --enable-libfreetype --cc=/usr/bin/clang --enable-libx264 --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-librtmp --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libxvid --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libass --disable-ffplay libavutil 51. 34.101 / 51. 34.101 libavcodec 53. 60.100 / 53. 60.100 libavformat 53. 31.100 / 53. 31.100 libavdevice 53. 4.100 / 53. 4.100 libavfilter 2. 60.100 / 2. 60.100 libswscale 2. 1.100 / 2. 1.100 libswresample 0. 6.100 / 0. 6.100 libpostproc 52. 0.100 / 52. 0.100 Input #0, image2, from 'img_%03d.jpg': Duration: 00:00:06.88, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A Stream #0:0: Video: mjpeg, yuvj420p, 3888x2592 [SAR 72:72 DAR 3:2], 25 fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc [buffer @ 0x7f8ec9415f20] w:3888 h:2592 pixfmt:yuvj420p tb:1/1000000 sar:72/72 sws_param: [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] using SAR=1/1 [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] frame MB size (243x162) > level limit (36864) [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] MB rate (984150) > level limit (983040) [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 FastShuffle SSE4.2 AVX [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] profile High, level 5.1 [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] 264 - core 120 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2011 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=12 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00 Output #0, mp4, to 'timelapse4.mp4': Metadata: encoder : Lavf53.31.100 Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (![0][0][0] / 0x0021), yuvj420p, 3888x2592 [SAR 72:72 DAR 3:2], q=-1--1, 25 tbn, 25 tbc Stream mapping: Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (mjpeg -> libx264) Press [q] to stop, [?] for help frame= 172 fps= 18 q=-1.0 Lsize= 259kB time=00:00:06.80 bitrate= 312.3kbits/s video:256kB audio:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead 1.089647% [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] frame I:1 Avg QP: 9.60 size:212820 [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] frame P:43 Avg QP:30.50 size: 291 [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] frame B:128 Avg QP:31.00 size: 285 [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] consecutive B-frames: 0.6% 0.0% 1.7% 97.7% [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] mb I I16..4: 22.5% 77.2% 0.3% [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] mb P I16..4: 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% P16..4: 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% skip:100.0% [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] mb B I16..4: 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% B16..8: 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% direct: 0.0% skip:100.0% L0: 1.2% L1:98.8% BI: 0.0% [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] 8x8 transform intra:77.2% inter:100.0% [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 41.2% 23.4% 0.6% inter: 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] i16 v,h,dc,p: 40% 25% 35% 1% [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 36% 32% 30% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 51% 40% 6% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] i8c dc,h,v,p: 60% 21% 19% 0% [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] Weighted P-Frames: Y:0.0% UV:0.0% [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] ref P L0: 92.3% 0.0% 0.0% 7.7% [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] ref B L0: 50.0% 0.0% 50.0% [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] ref B L1: 99.4% 0.6% [libx264 @ 0x7f8ec981d800] kb/s:304.49 Output timelapse4.mp4 (beacause of spam protection I can only post two links with my reputation): http sdm-net.org/data/timelapse4.mp4

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• Transaction Boundaries and Rollbacks in Oracle SOA Suite

  - by Antonella Giovannetti

  A new eCourse/video is available in the Oracle Learning Library, "Transaction Boundaries and Rollbacks in Oracle SOA Suite" . The course covers: Definition of transaction, XA, Rollback and transaction boundary. BPEL transaction boundaries from a fault propagation point of view Parameters bpel.config.transaction and bpel.config.oneWayDeliveryPolicy for the configuration of both synchronous and asynchronous BPEL processes. Transaction behavior in Mediator Rollback scenarios based on type of faults Rollback using bpelx:rollback within a <throw> activity. The video is accessible here

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• No Wireless In Ubuntu 13.10

  - by viktorhubinette

  When I upgraded to Ubuntu 13.10, I can't connect to wireless. The only thing I can connect to is ethernet, so please help me, What should I do? Here is the output of the lspci -nnk | grep -i net -A2 00:19.0 ethernet controller [0200]:intel corporation 82579V Gigabit network connection [8086:1503] (rev 04) subsystem: acer incorporated [ALI Device] [1025:8000] Kernel driver in use : e100e output of lsusb: Bus 002 Device 003: ID 046d:c31c Logitech, Inc. Keyboard K120 for Business Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:0152 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. Mass Storage Device Bus 001 Device 040: ID 04e8:6863 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 004: ID 0bda:8178 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8192CU 802.11n WLAN Adapter Bus 003 Device 003: ID 045e:070f Microsoft Corp. Bus 003 Device 002: ID 046d:c52f Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

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• SQL Injection prevention

  - by simonsabin

  Just asking people not to use a list of certain words is not prevention from SQL Injection https://homebank.sactocu.org/UA2004/faq-mfa.htm#pp6 To protect yourself from SQL Injection you have to do 1 simple thing. Do not build your SQL statements by concatenating values passed by the user into a string an executing them. If your query has to be dynamic then make sure any values passed by a user are passed as parameters and use sp_executesql in TSQL or a SqlCommand object in ADO.Net...(read more)

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• Cron is running but not outputting data

  - by Youri

  I'm trying to make my Amazon EC2 instances stop and start by a crontab. EC2 Api tools is succesfully installed. Manually it works. The cron (which I put in with the command crontab -e): 10 * * * * ubuntu /usr/bin/ec2-stop-instances [instanceid] /tmp/ec2.log The file /tmp/ec2.log is created. When I use the command grep CRON /var/log/syslog I see the cron has actually run. I don't get any output in the /tmp/ec2.log file though. I have set all the amazon variables needed. Even if I on purpose create a wrong cron, like this: 10 * * * * ubuntu /usr/bin/ec2-stop-instancwweqes [instanceid] /tmp/ec2.log I get no output in the file. Shouldn't there be an error? I also tried not defining the user: 10 * * * * /usr/bin/ec2-stop-instances [instanceid] /tmp/ec2.log And direct command: 10 * * * * ubuntu ec2-stop-instances [instanceid] /tmp/ec2.log Can someone please help me. If I can somehow debug, I can get to the solution. Thanks in advance.

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• Design pattern for an automated mechanical test bench

  - by JJS

  Background I have a test fixture with a number of communication/data acquisition devices on it that is used as an end of line test for a product. Because of all the various sensors used in the bench and the need to run the test procedure in near real-time, I'm having a hard time structuring the program to be more friendly to modify later on. For example, a National Instruments USB data acquisition device is used to control an analog output (load) and monitor an analog input (current), a digital scale with a serial data interface measures position, an air pressure gauge with a different serial data interface, and the product is interfaced through a proprietary DLL that handles its own serial communication. The hard part The "real-time" aspect of the program is my biggest tripping point. For example, I need to time how long the product needs to go from position 0 to position 10,000 to the tenth of a second. While it's traveling, I need to ramp up an output of the NI DAQ when it reaches position 6,000 and ramp it down when it reaches position 8,000. This sort of control looks easy from browsing NI's LabVIEW docs but I'm stuck with C# for now. All external communication is done by polling which makes for lots of annoying loops. I've slapped together a loose Producer Consumer model where the Producer thread loops through reading the sensors and sets the outputs. The Consumer thread executes functions containing timed loops that poll the Producer for current data and execute movement commands as required. The UI thread polls both threads for updating some gauges indicating current test progress. Unsure where to start Is there a more appropriate pattern for this type of application? Are there any good resources for writing control loops in software (non-LabVIEW) that interface with external sensors and whatnot?

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• A terminal emulator for ex-Windows users

  - by Dan

  There are several things I would like to be better in Ubuntu Terminal Emulator. coloring, like in the source code Copy and paste keyboard shortcuts that I used all the time in Windows: Ctrl-C and Ctrl-V (Most of people here in Ubuntu use Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V keyboard shortcuts to copy and paste everywhere except the terminal! I think it's annoying for newcomers, and I don't worry about historical reasons) A feature to save all the output to log file UPDATE: Can the terminal be a powerful feature-full user-friendly tool like a modern IDE? The Linux user can spend 30% of time in the terminal. Programmers no longer code in a notepad. Can I see the history pane? Suggestions? Directory pane? Commands list? Search for words in an output? Contextual behavior? "Search in Google" for a mouse right-click. Tips and tricks learning? Time is money! Please, people, give me a link to the 21st - century terminal.

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• Munin Aggregate Graphs from several servers

  - by Sparsh Gupta

  I am using DNS round robin load balancing and have divided my total traffic onto multiple servers. Each server does around 300-400req/second but I am interested in having an aggregate graph telling me the TOTAL of all requests per second served by our architecture. Is there any way I can do this. Right now each graph in Munin comes as a separate graph as they depict things on one server. I am using configuration as follow which doesn't work doesnt work for me, does this configuration got errors? [TRAFFIC.AGGREGATED] update no requests.graph_title nGinx requests requests.graph_vlabel nGinx requests per second requests.draw LINE2 requests.graph_args --base 1000 requests.graph_category nginx requests.label req/sec requests.type DERIVE requests.min 0 requests.graph_order output requests.output.sum \ lb1.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com:nginx_request_lb1.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com_request.request \ lb3.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com:nginx_request_lb2.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com_request.request \ lb3.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com:nginx_request_lb3.visualwebsiteoptimizer.com_request.request

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• Using Python to traverse a parent-child data set

  - by user132748

  I have a dataset of two columns in a csv file. Th purpose of this dataset is to provide a linking between two different id's if they belong to the same person. e.g (2,3,5 belong to 1) e.g COLA COLB 1 2 ; 1 3 ; 1 5 ; 2 6 ; 3 7 ; 9 10 In the above example 1 is linked to 2,3,5 and 2 is the linked to 6 and 3 is linked to 7. What I am trying to achieve is to identify all records which are linked to 1 directly (2,3,5) or indirectly(6,7) and be able to say that these id's in column B belong to same person in column A and then either dedupe or add a new column to the output file which will have 1 populated for all rows that link to 1 e.g of expected output colA colB GroupField 1 2 1; 1 3 1; 1 5 1 ; 2 6 1 ;3 7 1; 9 10 9; 10 11 9 I am a newbie and so am not sure on how to approach this problem.Appreciate any inputs you'll can provide.

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• CUDA & MSI GT60 with Optimus enabled GTX670M?

  - by user1076693

  I have a MSI GT60 Laptop with an Optimus enabled GTX 670M GPU, and I have been trying to get CUDA going in Ubuntu 12.04 environment. I realize that Optimus is not supported in Linux, but I have read the following post suggesting that CUDA works for hybrid GPUs. How can I get nVidia CUDA or OpenCL working on a laptop with nVidia discrete card/Intel Integrated Graphics? I installed the NVIDIA driver via sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install nvidia-current The resulting driver version is 302.17, and supposedly GTX 670M is supported since 295.59. I also downloaded CUDA 4.2 from the NVIDIA site, and compiled it against nvidia-current libraries. Unfortunately, when I run deviceQuery in the CUDA SDK, I get the following output cudaGetDeviceCount returned 38 -> no CUDA-capable device is detected Checking /proc/driver/nvidia/gpus/0/information gives the following Model: GeForce GTX 670M IRQ: 16 GPU UUID: GPU-????????-????-????-????-???????????? Video BIOS: ??.??.??.??.?? Bus Type: PCI-E DMA Size: 32 bits DMA Mask: 0xffffffffff Bus Location: 0000:01.00.0 Here is the output of "lspci | grep VGA" 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller (rev 09) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1213 (rev ff) So... what am I doing wrong? Thanks!

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• Find non-ascii characters from a UTF-8 string

  - by user10607

  I need to find the non-ASCII characters from a UTF-8 string. my understanding: UTF-8 is a superset of character encoding in which 0-127 are ascii characters. So if in a UTF-8 string , a characters value is Not between 0-127, then it is not a ascii character , right? Please correct me if i'm wrong here. On the above understanding i have written following code in C : Note: I'm using the Ubuntu gcc compiler to run C code utf-string is xvab c long i; char arr[] = "xvab c"; printf("length : %lu \n", sizeof(arr)); for(i=0; i<sizeof(arr); i++){ char ch = arr[i]; if (isascii(ch)) printf("Ascii character %c\n", ch); else printf("Not ascii character %c\n", ch); } Which prints the output like: length : 9 Ascii character x Not ascii character Not ascii character ? Not ascii character ? Ascii character a Ascii character b Ascii character Ascii character c Ascii character To naked eye length of xvab c seems to be 6, but in code it is coming as 9 ? Correct answer for the xvab c is 1 ...i.e it has only 1 non-ascii character , but in above output it is coming as 3 (times Not ascii character). How can i find the non-ascii character from UTF-8 string, correctly. Please guide on the subject.

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• GCC: assembly listing for IA64 without an Itanium machine

  - by KD04

  I need to try the following thing: I would like to compile some simple C code samples and see the assembly listing generated by GCC for IA64 architecture, i.e. I just want to run GCC with the -S switch and see the resultant .s file. I don't have an Itanium machine, so in order to do it myself I'll probably need a cross-compiling version of GCC built for x86 RedHat. I'm not interested in full cross-compilation, meaning that I don't need to generate the binaries at all. The easiest way, of course, would be to find an Itanium machine with with GCC and just try it there. Unfortunately, I don't seem to have access to any. Another option is to build a cross-compiling version GCC on my RedHat, but apparently that's quite an endeavor for someone who hasn't done it before (I assume that the fact that I only need .s output doesn't make it simpler). What other options are there, if any? Maybe there's some sort of a web front to an Itanium GCC compiler on the Net (something like Comeau Online or ideone.com, but with .s output)? Anything else? I would appreciate any help.

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• UDF Partition reported full when it is not

  - by Capt.Nemo

  I was using these instructions to setup an external hard disk with udf. I have been able to setup a multi-partition system using those instructions, but I seem to have hit a wall, where the partition is reported as full while writing to the disk. Every other tool available to me reports it as free. Relevant lshw output Here's a screenshot showing the disk: Both the output of df and the file manager (caja) report the disk as free. Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda9 9.0G 7.6G 910M 90% / udev 974M 12K 974M 1% /dev /dev/sda1 50G 47G 295M 100% /media/Data /dev/sda6 49G 41G 5.9G 88% /home /dev/sda2 155G 127G 29G 82% /media/Entertainment /dev/sda8 14G 13G 516M 96% /media/Stuff /dev/sdb2 120G 1.9G 112G 2% /media/3c887659-5676-4946-875b-b797be508ce7 /dev/sdb3 11G 2.6G 7.7G 25% /media/108b0a1d-fd1a-4f38-b1c6-4ad1a20e34a3 /dev/sdb1 802G 34G 768G 5% /media/disk I seem to have hit a wall near the 35GB mark. Despite being shown as 35gb/860gb used everywhere, the following happens on a write attempt: [2017][/media/Dory]$ echo D>>echo bash: echo: write error: No space left on device Writing byte by byte, the maximum I can take it to is 34719248K. The most weird part is that on mounting it Windows, Windows can write to the disk easily, and the writes are being read fine back in Ubuntu. However, the used-bytes remains at 34719248K in Ubuntu (It goes higher on Windows, however).

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• Can a switch consume bandwidth?

  - by aashiq

  I have a network with a router and a switch. At first my ISP's optical fiber is connected with media converter input port. Than Ethernet cable (output port of Media converter) is connected with the switch. Then an output Ethernet cable is connected with our inner Microtik router. Then this router is connected with another LAN switch. From this switch we have got every connection other switch. It is our total network structure. Our bandwidth is 2 Mbps. From the 11th of March our MRTG graph shows high all the time even when my all switch is switched off except LAN switch. That's why our line is breaking up (Voice call). How could be it possible? My all PC's bandwidth is limited but when connected PC with media converter directly then the graph shows normal. That's why I can't blame my ISP.

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• iptables: built-in INPUT chain in nat table?

  - by ughmandaem

  I have a Gentoo Linux system running linux 2.6.38-rc8. I also have a machine running Ubuntu with linux 2.6.35-27. I also have a virtual machine running Debian Unstable with linux 2.6.37-2. On the Gentoo and Debian systems I have an INPUT chain built into my nat table in addition to PREROUTING, OUTPUT, and POSTROUTING. On Ubuntu, I only have PREROUTING, OUTPUT, and POSTROUTING. I am able to use this INPUT chain to use SNAT to modify the source of a packet that is destined to the local machine (imagine simulating an incoming spoofed IP to a local application or just to test a virtual host configuration). This is possible with 2 firewall rules on Gentoo and Debian but seemingly not so on Ubuntu. I looked around for documentation on changes to the SNAT target and the INPUT chain of the nat table and I couldn't find anything. Does anyone know if this is a configuration issue or is it something that was just added in more recent versions of linux?

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• wireless is disabled by hardware lenovo 3000g430

  - by sudheer

  sir i have problem with my wifi switch sir please tell me solution for my problem (wifi is disabled by hardware). output of sudo lshw -C network is sudo] password for sudheer: *-network DISABLED description: Wireless interface product: BCM4312 802.11b/g LP-PHY vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:06:00.0 logical name: eth2 version: 01 serial: 00:21:00:72:3a:93 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=5.100.82.38 latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bg resources: irq:19 memory:f4700000-f4703fff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: NetLink BCM5906M Fast Ethernet PCI Express vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:07:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 02 serial: 00:1e:68:ad:24:0b size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm vpd msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion=3.121 duplex=full firmware=sb v3.04 ip=172.16.52.79 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:47 memory:f4600000-f460ffff output of iwconfig is lo no wireless extensions. eth2 IEEE 802.11 Access Point: Not-Associated Link Quality:5 Signal level:0 Noise level:0 Rx invalid nwid:0 invalid crypt:0 invalid misc:0 eth0 no wireless extensions. sudheer@sudheer:~$ sudo iwlistscanning sudo: iwlistscanning: command not found ***sudheer@sudheer:~$ sudo iwlist scanning*** lo Interface doesn't support scanning. eth2 Failed to read scan data : Invalid argument eth0 Interface doesn't support scanning.

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