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• Let your Signature Experience drive IT-decision making

  - by Tania Le Voi

  Today’s CIO job description:  ‘’Align IT infrastructure and solutions with business goals and objectives ; AND while doing so reduce costs; BUT ALSO, be innovative, ensure the architectures are adaptable and agile as we need to act today on the changes that we may request tomorrow.”   Sound like an unachievable request? The fact is, reality dictates that CIO’s are put under this type of pressure to deliver more with less. In a past career phase I spent a few years as an IT Relationship Manager for a large Insurance company. This is a role that we see all too infrequently in many of our customers, and it’s a shame.  The purpose of this role was to build a bridge, a relationship between IT and the business. Key to achieving that goal was to ensure the same language was being spoken and more importantly that objectives were commonly understood - hence service and projects were delivered to time, to budget and actually solved the business problems. In reality IT and the business are already married, but the relationship is most often defined as ‘supplier’ of IT rather than a ‘trusted partner’. To deliver business value they need to understand how to work together effectively to attain this next level of partnership. The Business cannot compete if they do not get a new product to market ahead of the competition, or for example act in a timely manner to address a new industry problem such as a legislative change. An even better example is when the Application or Service fails and the Business takes a hit by bad publicity, being trending topics on social media and losing direct revenue from online channels. For this reason alone Business and IT need the alignment of their priorities and deliverables now more than ever! Take a look at Forrester’s recent study that found ‘many IT respondents considering themselves to be trusted partners of the business but their efforts are impaired by the inadequacy of tools and organizations’.  IT Meet the Business; Business Meet IT So what is going on? We talk about aligning the business with IT but the reality is it’s difficult to do. Like any relationship each side has different goals and needs and language can be a barrier; business vs. technology jargon! What if we could translate the needs of both sides into actionable information, backed by data both sides understand, presented in a meaningful way?  Well now we can with the Business-Driven Application Management capabilities in Oracle Enterprise Manager 12cR2! Enterprise Manager’s Business-Driven Application Management capabilities provide the information that IT needs to understand the impact of its decisions on business criteria.  No longer does IT need to be focused solely on speeds and feeds, performance and throughput – now IT can understand IT’s impact on business KPIs like inventory turns, order-to-cash cycle, pipeline-to-forecast, and similar.  Similarly, now the line of business can understand which IT services are most critical for the KPIs they care about. There are a good deal of resources on Oracle Technology Network that describe the functionality of these products, so I won’t’ rehash them here.  What I want to talk about is what you do with these products. What’s next after we meet? Where do you start? Step 1:  Identify the Signature Experience. This is THE business process (or set of processes) that is core to the business, the one that drives the economic engine, the process that a customer recognises the company brand for, reputation, the customer experience, the process that a CEO would state as his number one priority. The crème de la crème of your business! Once you have nailed this it gets easy as Enterprise Manager 12c makes it easy. Step 2:  Map the Signature Experience to underlying IT.  Taking the signature experience, map out the touch points of the components that play a part in ensuring this business transaction is successful end to end, think of it like mapping out a critical path; the applications, middleware, databases and hardware. Use the wealth of Enterprise Manager features such as Systems, Services, Business Application Targets and Business Transaction Management (BTM) to assist you. Adding Real User Experience Insight (RUEI) into the mix will make the end to end customer satisfaction story transparent. Work with the business and define meaningful key performance indicators (KPI’s) and thresholds to enable you to report and action upon. Step 3:  Observe the data over time.  You now have meaningful insight into every step enabling your signature experience and you understand the implication of that experience on your underlying IT.  Watch if for a few months, see what happens and reconvene with your business stakeholders and set clear and measurable targets which can re-define service levels.  Step 4:  Change the information about which you and the business communicate.  It’s amazing what happens when you and the business speak the same language.  You’ll be able to make more informed business and IT decisions. From here IT can identify where/how budget is spent whether on the level of support, performance, capacity, HA, DR, certification etc. IT SLA’s no longer need be focused on metrics such as %availability but structured around business process requirements. The power of this way of thinking doesn’t end here. IT staff get to see and understand how their own role contributes to the business making them accountable for the business service. Take a step further and appraise your staff on the business competencies that are linked to the service availability. For the business, the language barrier is removed by producing targeted reports on the signature experience core to the business and therefore key to the CEO. Chargeback or show back becomes easier to justify as the ‘cost of day per outage’ can be more easily calculated; the business will be able to translate the cost to the business to the cost/value of the underlying IT that supports it. Used this way, Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c is a key enabler to a harmonious relationship between the end customer the business and IT to deliver ultimate service and satisfaction. Just engage with the business upfront, make the signature experience visible and let Enterprise Manager 12c do the rest. In the next blog entry we will cover some of the Enterprise Manager features mentioned to enable you to implement this new way of working.  

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• How to begin? Windows 8 Development

  - by Dennis Vroegop

  Ok. I convinced you in my last post to do some Win8 development. You want a piece of that cake, or whatever your reasons may be. Good! Welcome to the club! Now let me ask you a question: what are you going to write? Ah. That’s the big one, isn’t it? What indeed? If you have been creating applications for computers before you’re in for quite a shock. The way people perceive apps on a tablet is quite different from what we know as applications. There’s a reason we call them apps instead of applications! Yes, technically they are applications but we don’t call them apps only because it sounds cool. The abbreviated form of the word applications itself is a pointer. Apps are small. Apps are focused. Apps are more lightweight. Apps do one thing but they do that one thing extremely good. In the ‘old’ days we wrote huge systems. We build ecosystems of services, screens, databases and more to create a system that provides value for the user. Think about it: what application do you use most at work? Can you in one sentence describe what it is, or what it does and yet still distinctively describe its purpose? I doubt you can. Let’s have a look at Outlouk. We all know it and we all love or hate it. But what is it? A mail program? No, there’s so much more there: calendar, contacts, RSS feeds and so on. Some call it a ‘collaboration’  application but that’s not really true as well. After all, why should a collaboration application give me my schedule for the day? I think the best way to describe Outlook is “client for Exchange”  although that isn’t accurate either. Anyway: Outlook is a great application but it’s not an ‘app’ and therefor not very suitable for WinRT. Ok. Disclaimer here: yes, you can write big applications for WinRT. Some will. But that’s not what 99.9% of the developers will do. So I am stating here that big applications are not meant for WinRT. If 0.01% of the developers think that this is nonsense then they are welcome to go ahead but for the majority here this is not what we’re talking about. So: Apps are small, lightweight and good at what they do but only at that. If you’re a Phone developer you already know that: Phone apps on any platform fit the description I have above. If you’ve ever worked in a large cooperation before you might have seen one of these before: the Mission Statement. It’s supposed to be a oneliner that sums up what the company is supposed to do. Funny enough: although this doesn’t work for large companies it does work for defining your app. A mission statement for an app describes what it does. If it doesn’t fit in the mission statement then your app is going to get to big and will fail. A statement like this should be in the following style “<your app name> is the best app to <describe single task>” Fill in the blanks, write it and go! Mmm.. not really. There are some things there we need to think about. But the statement is a very, very important one. If you cannot fit your app in that line you’re preparing to fail. Your app will become to big, its purpose will be unclear and it will be hard to use. People won’t download it and those who do will give it a bad rating therefor preventing that huge success you’ve been dreaming about. Stick to the statement! Ok, let’s give it a try: “PlanesAreCool” is the best app to do planespotting in the field. You might have seen these people along runways of airports: taking photographs of airplanes and noting down their numbers and arrival- and departure times. We are going to help them out with our great app! If you look at the statement, can you guess what it does? I bet you can. If you find out it isn’t clear enough of if it’s too broad, refine it. This is probably the most important step in the development of your app so give it enough time! So. We’ve got the statement. Print it out, stick it to the wall and look at it. What does it tell you? If you see this, what do you think the app does? Write that down. Sit down with some friends and talk about it. What do they expect from an app like this? Write that down as well. Brainstorm. Make a list of features. This is mine: Note planes Look up aircraft carriers Add pictures of that plane Look up airfields Notify friends of new spots Look up details of a type of plane Plot a graph with arrival and departure times Share new spots on social media Look up history of a particular aircraft Compare your spots with friends Write down arrival times Write down departure times Write down wind conditions Write down the runway they take Look up weather conditions for next spotting day Invite friends to join you for a day of spotting. Now, I must make it clear that I am not a planespotter nor do I know what one does. So if the above list makes no sense, I apologize. There is a lesson: write apps for stuff you know about…. First of all, let’s look at our statement and then go through the list of features. Remove everything that has nothing to do with that statement! If you end up with an empty list, try again with both steps. Note planes Look up aircraft carriers Add pictures of that plane Look up airfields Notify friends of new spots Look up details of a type of plane Plot a graph with arrival and departure times Share new spots on social media Look up history of a particular aircraft Compare your spots with friends Write down arrival times Write down departure times Write down wind conditions Write down the runway they take Look up weather conditions for next spotting day Invite friends to join you for a day of spotting. That's better. The things I removed could be pretty useful to a plane spotter and could be fun to write. But do they match the statement? I said that the app is for spotting in the field, so “look up airfields” doesn’t belong there: I know where I am so why look it up? And the same goes for inviting friends or looking up the weather conditions for tomorrow. I am at the airfield right now, looking through my binoculars at the planes. I know the weather now and I don’t care about tomorrow. If you feel the items you’ve crossed out are valuable, then why not write another app? One that says “SpotNoter” is the best app for preparing a day of spotting with my friends. That’s a different app! Remember: Win8 apps are small and very good at doing ONE thing, and one thing only! If you have made that list, it’s time to prepare the navigation of your app. The navigation is how users see your app and how they use it. We’ll do that next time!

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• Big data: An evening in the life of an actual buyer

  - by Jean-Pierre Dijcks

  Here I am, and this is an actual story of one of my evenings, trying to spend money with a company and ultimately failing. I just gave up and bought a service from another vendor, not the incumbent. Here is that story and how I think big data could actually fix this (and potentially prevent some of this from happening). In the end this story should illustrate how big data can benefit me (get me what I want without causing grief) and the company I am trying to buy something from. Note: Lots of details left out, I have no intention of being the annoyed blogger moaning about a specific company. What did I want to get? We watch TV, we have internet and we do have a land line. The land line is from a different vendor then the TV and the internet. I have decided that this makes no sense and I was going to get a bundle (no need to infer who this is, I just picked the generic bundle word as this is what I want to get) of all three services as this seems to save me money. I also want to not talk to people, I just want to click on a website when I feel like it and get it all sorted. I do think that is reality. I want to just do my shopping at 9.30pm while watching silly reruns on TV. Problem 1 - Bad links So, I'm an existing customer of the company I want to buy my bundle from. I go to the website, I click on offers. Turns out they are offers for new customers. After grumbling about how good they are, I click on offers for existing customers. Bummer, it goes to offers for new customers, so I click again on the link for offers for existing customers. No cigar... it just does not work. Big data solutions: 1) Do not show an existing customer the offers for new customers unless they are the same => This is only partially doable without login, but if a customer logs in the application should always know that this is an existing customer. But in general, imagine I do this from my home going through the internet service of this vendor to their domain... an instant filter should move me into the "existing customer route". 2) Flag dead or incorrect links => I've clicked the link for "existing customer offers" at least 3 times in under 5 seconds... Identifying patterns like this is easy in Hadoop and can very quickly make a list of potentially incorrect links. No need for realtime fixing, just the fact that this link can be pro-actively fixed across my entire web domain is a good thing. Preventative maintenance! Problem 2 - Purchase cannot be completed Apart from the fact that the browsing pattern to actually get to what I want is poorly designed, my purchase never gets past a specific point. In other words, I put something into my shopping cart and when I want to move on the application either crashes (with me going to an error page) or hangs or goes into something like chat. So I try again, and again and again. I think I tried this entire path (while being logged in!!) at least 10 times over the course of 20 minutes. I also clicked on the feedback button and, frustrated as I was, tried to explain this did not work... Big Data Solutions: 1) This web site does shopping cart analysis. I got an email next day stating I have things in my shopping cart, just click here to complete my purchase. After the above experience, this just added insult to my pain... 2) What should have happened, is a Hadoop job going over all logged in customers that are on the buy flow. It should flag anyone who is trying (multiple attempts from the same user to do the same thing), analyze the shopping card, the clicks to identify what the customers wants, his feedback provided (note: always own your own website feedback, never just farm this out!!) and in a short turn around time (30 minutes to 2 hours or so) email me with a link to complete my purchase. Not with a link to my shopping cart 12 hours later, but a link to actually achieve what I wanted... Why should this company go through the big data effort? I do believe this is relatively easy to do using our Oracle Event Processing and Big Data Appliance solutions combined. It is almost so simple (to my mind) that it makes no sense that this is not in place? But, now I am ranting... Why is this interesting? It is because of $$$$. After trying really hard, I mean I did this all in the evening, and again in the morning before going to work. I kept on failing, But I really wanted this to work... so an email that said, sorry, we noticed you tried to get a bundle (the log knows what I wanted, where I failed, so easy to generate), here is the link to click and complete your purchase. And here is 2 movies on us as an apology would have kept me as a customer, and got the additional $$$$ per month for the next couple of years. It would also lead to upsell on my phone package etc. Instead, I went to a completely different company, bought service from them. Lost money for company A, negative sentiment for company A and me telling this story at the water cooler so I'm influencing more people to think negatively about company A. All in all, a loss of easy money, a ding in sentiment and image where a relatively simple solution exists and can be in place on the software I describe routinely in this blog... For those who are coming to Openworld and maybe see value in solving the above, or are thinking of how to solve this, come visit us in Moscone North - Oracle Red Lounge or in the Engineered Systems Showcase.

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• Clouds Everywhere But not a Drop of Rain – Part 3

  - by sxkumar

  I was sharing with you how a broad-based transformation such as cloud will increase agility and efficiency of an organization if process re-engineering is part of the plan.  I have also stressed on the key enterprise requirements such as “broad and deep solutions, “running your mission critical applications” and “automated and integrated set of capabilities”. Let me walk you through some key cloud attributes such as “elasticity” and “self-service” and what they mean for an enterprise class cloud. I will also talk about how we at Oracle have taken a very enterprise centric view to developing cloud solutions and how our products have been specifically engineered to address enterprise cloud needs. Cloud Elasticity and Enterprise Applications Requirements Easy and quick scalability for a short-period of time is the signature of cloud based solutions. It is this elasticity that allows you to dynamically redistribute your resources according to business priorities, helps increase your overall resource utilization, and reduces operational costs by allowing you to get the most out of your existing investment. Most public clouds are offering a instant provisioning mechanism of compute power (CPU, RAM, Disk), customer pay for the instance-hours(and bandwidth) they use, adding computing resources at peak times and removing them when they are no longer needed. This type of “just-in-time” serving of compute resources is well known for mid-tiers “state less” servers such as web application servers and web servers that just need another machine to start and run on it but what does it really mean for an enterprise application and its underlying data? Most enterprise applications are not as quite as “state less” and justifiably so. As such, how do you take advantage of cloud elasticity and make it relevant for your enterprise apps? This is where Cloud meets Grid Computing. At Oracle, we have invested enormous amount of time, energy and resources in creating enterprise grid solutions. All our technology products offer built-in elasticity via clustering and dynamic scaling. With products like Real Application Clusters (RAC), Automatic Storage Management, WebLogic Clustering, and Coherence In-Memory Grid, we allow all your enterprise applications to benefit from Cloud elasticity –both vertically and horizontally - without requiring any application changes. A number of technology vendors take a rather simplistic route of starting up additional or removing unneeded VM as the "Cloud Scale-Out" solution. While this may work for stateless mid-tier servers where load balancers can handle the addition and remove of instances transparently but following a similar approach for the database tier - often called as "database sharding" - requires significant application modification and typically does not work with off the shelf packaged applications. Technologies like Oracle Database Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, etc. on the other hand bring the benefits of incremental scalability and on-demand elasticity to ANY application by providing a simplified abstraction layers where the application does not need deal with data spread over multiple database instances. Rather they just talk to a single database and the database software takes care of aggregating resources across multiple hardware components. It is the technologies like these that truly make a cloud solution relevant for enterprises.  For customers who are looking for a next generation hardware consolidation platform, our engineered systems (e.g. Exadata, Exalogic) not only provide incredible amount of performance and capacity, they also reduce the data center complexity and simplify operations. Assemble, Deploy and Manage Enterprise Applications for Cloud Products like Oracle Virtual assembly builder (OVAB) resolve the complex problem of bringing the cloud speed to complex multi-tier applications. With assemblies, you can not only provision all components of a multi-tier application and wire them together by push of a button, other aspects of application lifecycle, such as real-time application testing, scale-up/scale-down, performance and availability monitoring, etc., are also automated using Oracle Enterprise Manager.  An essential criteria for an enterprise cloud to succeed is the ability to ensure business service levels especially when business users have either full visibility on the usage cost with a “show back” or a “charge back”. With Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c, we have created the most comprehensive cloud management solution in the industry that is capable of managing business service levels “applications-to-disk” in a enterprise private cloud – all from a single console. It is the only cloud management platform in the industry that allows you to deliver infrastructure, platform and application cloud services out of the box. Moreover, it offers integrated and complete lifecycle management of the cloud - including planning and set up, service delivery, operations management, metering and chargeback, etc .  Sounds unbelievable? Well, just watch this space for more details on how Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c is the nerve center of Oracle Cloud! Our cloud solution portfolio is also the broadest and most deep in the industry  - covering public, private, hybrid, Infrastructure, platform and applications clouds. It is no coincidence therefore that the Oracle Cloud today offers the most comprehensive set of public cloud services in the industry.  And to a large part, this has been made possible thanks to our years on investment in creating cloud enabling technologies.  Summary  But the intent of this blog post isn't to dwell on how great our solutions are (these are just some examples to illustrate how we at Oracle have approached this problem space). Rather it is to help you ask the right questions before you embark on your cloud journey.  So to summarize, here are the key takeaways.       It is critical that you are clear on why you are building the cloud. Successful organizations keep business benefits as the first and foremost cloud objective. On the other hand, those who approach this purely as a technology project are more likely to fail. Think about where you want to be in 3-5 years before you get started. Your long terms objectives should determine what your first step ought to be. As obvious as it may seem, more people than not make the first move without knowing where they are headed.  Don’t make the mistake of equating cloud to virtualization and Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS). Spinning a VM on-demand will give some short term relief to your IT staff but is unlikely to solve your larger business problems. As such, even if IaaS is your first step towards a more comprehensive cloud, plan the roadmap around those higher level services before you begin. And ask your vendors on how they are going to be your partners in this journey. Capabilities like self-service access and chargeback/showback are absolutely critical if you really expect your cloud to be transformational. Your business won't see the full benefits of the cloud until it empowers them with same kind of control and transparency that they are used to while using a public cloud service.  Evaluate the benefits of integration, as opposed to blindly following the best-of-breed strategy. Integration is a huge challenge and more so in a cloud environment. There are enormous costs associated with stitching a solution out of disparate components and even more in maintaining it. Hope you found these ideas helpful. Looking forward to hearing your thoughts and experiences.

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• Screenshot Tour: Ubuntu Touch 14.04 on a Nexus 7

  - by Chris Hoffman

  Ubuntu 14.04 LTS will “form the basis of the first commercially available Ubuntu tablets,” according to Canonical. We installed Ubuntu Touch 14.04 on our own hardware to see what those tablets will be like. We don’t recommend installing this yourself, as it’s still not a polished, complete experience. We’re using “Ubuntu Touch” as shorthand here — apparently this project’s new name is “Ubuntu For Devices.” The Welcome Screen Ubuntu’s touch interface is all about edge swipes and hidden interface elements — it has a lot in common with Windows 8, actually. You’ll see the welcome screen when you boot up or unlock a Ubuntu tablet or phone. If you have new emails, text messages, or other information, it will appear on this screen along with the time and date. If you don’t, you’ll just see a message saying “No data sources available.” The Dash Swipe in from the right edge of the welcome screen to access the Dash, or home screen. This is actually very similar to the Dash on Ubuntu’s Unity desktop. This isn’t a surprise — Canonical wants the desktop and touch versions of Ubuntu to use the same code. In the future, the desktop and touch versions of Ubuntu will use the same version of Unity and Unity will adjust its interface depending on what type of device your’e using. Here you’ll find apps you have installed and apps available to install. Tap an installed app to launch it or tap an available app to view more details and install it. Tap the My apps or Available headings to view a complete list of apps you have installed or apps you can install. Tap the Search box at the top of the screen to start searching — this is how you’d search for new apps to install. As you’d expect, a touch keyboard appears when you tap in the Search field or any other text field. The launcher isn’t just for apps. Tap the Apps heading at the top of the screen and you’ll see hidden text appear — Music, Video, and Scopes. This hidden navigation is used throughout Ubuntu’s different apps and can be easy to miss at first. Swipe to the left or right to move between these screens. These screens are also similar to the different panels in Unity on the desktop. The Scopes section allows you to view different search scopes you have installed. These are used to search different sources when you start a search from the Dash. Search from the Music or Videos scopes to search for local media files on your device or media files online. For example, searching in the Music scope will show you music results from Grooveshark by default. Navigating Ubuntu Touch Swipe in from the left edge anywhere on the system to open the launcher, a bar with shortcuts to apps. This launcher is very similar to the launcher on the left of Ubuntu’s Unity desktop — that’s the whole idea, after all. Once you’ve opened an app, you can leave the app by swiping in from the left. The launcher will appear — keep moving your finger towards the right edge of teh screen. This will swipe the current app off the screen, taking you back to the Dash. Once back on the Dash, you’ll see your open apps represented as thumbnails under Recent. Tap a thumbnail here to go back to a running app. To remove an app from here, long-press it and tap the X button that appears. Swipe in from the right edge in any app to quickly switch between recent apps. Swipe in from the right edge and hold your finger down to reveal an application switcher that shows all your recent apps and lets you choose between them. Swipe down from the top of the screen to access the indicator panel. Here you can connect to Wi-Fi networks, view upcoming events, control GPS and Bluetooth hardware, adjust sound settings, see incoming messages, and more. This panel is for quick access to hardware settings and notifications, just like the indicators on Ubuntu’s Unity desktop. The Apps System settings not included in the pull-down panel are available in the System Settings app. To access it, tap My apps on the Dash and tap System Settings, search for the System Settings app, or open the launcher bar and tap the settings icon. The settings here a bit limited compared to other operating systems, but many of the important options are available here. You can add Evernote, Ubuntu One, Twitter, Facebook, and Google accounts from here. A free Ubuntu One account is mandatory for downloading and updating apps. A Google account can be used to sync contacts and calendar events. Some apps on Ubuntu are native apps, while many are web apps. For example, the Twitter, Gmail, Amazon, Facebook, and eBay apps included by default are all web apps that open each service’s mobile website as an app. Other applications, such as the Weather, Calendar, Dialer, Calculator, and Notes apps are native applications. Theoretically, both types of apps will be able to scale to different screen resolutions. Ubuntu Touch and Ubuntu desktop may one day share the same apps, which will adapt to different display sizes and input methods. Like Windows 8 apps, Ubuntu apps hide interface elements by default, providing you with a full-screen view of the content. Swipe up from the bottom of an app’s screen to view its interface elements. For example, swiping up from the bottom of the Web Browser app reveals Back, Forward, and Refresh buttons, along with an address bar and Activity button so you can view current and recent web pages. Swipe up even more from the bottom and you’ll see a button hovering in the middle of the app. Tap the button and you’ll see many more settings. This is an overflow area for application options and functions that can’t fit on the navigation bar. The Terminal app has a few surprising Easter eggs in this panel, including a “Hack into the NSA” option. Tap it and the following text will appear in the terminal: That’s not very nice, now tracing your location . . . . . . . . . . . .Trace failed You got away this time, but don’t try again. We’d expect to see such Easter eggs disappear before Ubuntu Touch actually ships on real devices. Ubuntu Touch has come a long way, but it’s still not something you want to use today. For example, it doesn’t even have a built-in email client — you’ll have to us your email service’s mobile website. Few apps are available, and many of the ones that are are just mobile websites. It’s not a polished operating system intended for normal users yet — it’s more of a preview for developers and device manufacturers. If you really want to try it yourself, you can install it on a Wi-Fi Nexus 7 (2013), Nexus 10, or Nexus 4 device. Follow Ubuntu’s installation instructions here.

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• Finding nuggets in ARC discussions

  - by alanc

  A bit over twenty years ago, Sun formed an Architecture Review Committee (ARC) that evaluates proposals to change interfaces between components in Sun software products. During the OpenSolaris days, we opened many of these discussions to the community. While they’re back behind closed doors, and at a different company now, we still continue to hold these reviews for the software from what’s now the Sun Systems Group division of Oracle. Recently one of these reviews was held (via e-mail discussion) to review a proposal to update our GNU findutils package to the latest upstream release. One of the upstream changes discussed was the addition of an “oldfind” program. In findutils 4.3, find was modified to use the fts() function to walk the directory tree, and oldfind was created to provide the old mechanism in case there were bugs in the new implementation that users needed to workaround. In Solaris 11 though, we still ship the find descended from SVR4 as /usr/bin/find and the GNU find is available as either /usr/bin/gfind or /usr/gnu/bin/find. This raised the discussion of if we should add oldfind, and if so what should we call it. Normally our policy is to only add the g* names for GNU commands that conflict with an existing Solaris command – for instance, we ship /usr/bin/emacs, not /usr/bin/gemacs. In this case however, that seemed like it would be more confusing to have /usr/bin/oldfind be the older version of /usr/bin/gfind not of /usr/bin/find. Thus if we shipped it, it would make more sense to call it /usr/bin/goldfind, which several ARC members noted read more naturally as “gold find” than as “g old find”. One of the concerns we often discuss in ARC is if a change is likely to be understood by users or if it will result in more calls to support. As we hit this part of the discussion on a Friday at the end of a long week, I couldn’t resist putting forth a hypothetical support call for this command: “Hello, Oracle Solaris Support, how may I help you?” “My admin is out sick, but he sent an email that he put the findutils package on our server, and I can run goldfind now. I tried it, but goldfind didn’t find gold.” “Did he get the binutils package too?” “No he just said findutils, do we need binutils?” “Well, gold comes in the binutils package, so goldfind would be able to find gold if you got that package.” “How much does Oracle charge for that package?” “It’s free for Solaris users.” “You mean Oracle ships packages of gold to customers for free?” “Yes, if you get the binutils package, it includes GNU gold.” “New gold? Is that some sort of alchemy, turning stuff into gold?” “Not new gold, gold from the GNU project.” “Oracle’s taking gold from the GNU project and shipping it to me?” “Yes, if you get binutils, that package includes gold along with the other tools from the GNU project.” “And GNU doesn’t mind Oracle taking their gold and giving it to customers?” “No, GNU is a non-profit whose goal is to share their software.” “Sharing software sure, but gold? Where does a non-profit like GNU get gold anyway?” “Oh, Google donated it to them.” “Ah! So Oracle will give me the gold that GNU got from Google!” “Yes, if you get the package from us.” “How do I get the package with the gold?” “Just run pkg install binutils and it will put it on your disk.” “We’ve got multiple disks here - which one will it put it on?” “The one with the system image - do you know which one that is? “Well the note from the admin says the system is on the first disk and the users are on the second disk.” “Okay, so it should go on the first disk then.” “And where will I find the gold?” “It will be in the /usr/bin directory.” “In the user’s bin? So thats on the second disk?” “No, it would be on the system disk, with the other development tools, like make, as, and what.” “So what’s on the first disk?” “Well if the system image is there the commands should all be there.” “All the commands? Not just what?” “Right, all the commands that come with the OS, like the shell, ps, and who.” “So who’s on the first disk too?” “Yes. Did your admin say when he’d be back?” “No, just that he had a massive headache and was going home after I tried to get him to explain this stuff to me.” “I can’t imagine why.” “Oh, is why a command too?” “No, _why was a Ruby programmer.” “Ruby? Do you give those away with the gold too?” “Yes, but it comes in the ruby package, not binutils.” “Oh, I’ll have to have my admin get that package too! Thanks!” Needless to say, we decided this might not be the best idea. Since the GNU package hasn’t had to release a serious bug fix in the new find in the past few years, the new GNU find seems pretty stable, and we always have the SVR4 find to use as a fallback in Solaris, so it didn’t seem that adding oldfind was really necessary, so we passed on including it when we update to the new findutils release. [Apologies to Abbott, Costello, their fans, and everyone who read this far. The Gold (linker) page on Wikipedia may explain some of the above, but can’t explain why goldfind is the old GNU find, but gold is the new GNU ld.]

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• Accessing your web server via IPv6

  Being able to run your systems on IPv6, have automatic address assignment and the ability to resolve host names are the necessary building blocks in your IPv6 network infrastructure. Now, that everything is in place it is about time that we are going to enable another service to respond to IPv6 requests. The following article will guide through the steps on how to enable Apache2 httpd to listen and respond to incoming IPv6 requests. This is the fourth article in a series on IPv6 configuration: Configure IPv6 on your Linux system DHCPv6: Provide IPv6 information in your local network Enabling DNS for IPv6 infrastructure Accessing your web server via IPv6 Piece of advice: This is based on my findings on the internet while reading other people's helpful articles and going through a couple of man-pages on my local system. Surfing the web - IPv6 style Enabling IPv6 connections in Apache 2 is fairly simply. But first let's check whether your system has a running instance of Apache2 or not. You can check this like so: $ service apache2 status Apache2 is running (pid 2680). In case that you got a 'service unknown' you have to install Apache to proceed with the following steps: $ sudo apt-get install apache2 Out of the box, Apache binds to all your available network interfaces and listens to TCP port 80. To check this, run the following command: $ sudo netstat -lnptu | grep "apache2\W*$"tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      28306/apache2 In this case Apache2 is already binding to IPv6 (and implicitly to IPv4). If you only got a tcp output, then your HTTPd is not yet IPv6 enabled. Check your Listen directive, depending on your system this might be in a different location than the default in Ubuntu. $ sudo nano /etc/apache2/ports.conf # If you just change the port or add more ports here, you will likely also# have to change the VirtualHost statement in# /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default# This is also true if you have upgraded from before 2.2.9-3 (i.e. from# Debian etch). See /usr/share/doc/apache2.2-common/NEWS.Debian.gz and# README.Debian.gzNameVirtualHost *:80Listen 80<IfModule mod_ssl.c>    # If you add NameVirtualHost *:443 here, you will also have to change    # the VirtualHost statement in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl    # to <VirtualHost *:443>    # Server Name Indication for SSL named virtual hosts is currently not    # supported by MSIE on Windows XP.    Listen 443</IfModule><IfModule mod_gnutls.c>    Listen 443</IfModule> Just in case that you don't have a ports.conf file, look for it like so: $ cd /etc/apache2/$ fgrep -r -i 'listen' ./* And modify the related file instead of the ports.conf. Which most probably might be either apache2.conf or httpd.conf anyways. Okay, please bear in mind that Apache can only bind once on the same interface and port. So, eventually, you might be interested to add another port which explicitly listens to IPv6 only. In that case, you would add the following in your configuration file: Listen 80Listen [2001:db8:bad:a55::2]:8080 But this is completely optional... Anyways, just to complete all steps, you save the file, and then check the syntax like so: $ sudo apache2ctl configtestSyntax OK Ok, now let's apply the modifications to our running Apache2 instances: $ sudo service apache2 reload * Reloading web server config apache2   ...done. $ sudo netstat -lnptu | grep "apache2\W*$"                                                                                               tcp6       0      0 2001:db8:bad:a55:::8080 :::*                    LISTEN      5922/apache2    tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      5922/apache2 There we have two daemons running and listening to different TCP ports. Now, that the basics are in place, it's time to prepare any website to respond to incoming requests on the IPv6 address. Open up any configuration file you have below your sites-enabled folder. $ ls -al /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/... $ sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default <VirtualHost *:80 [2001:db8:bad:a55::2]:8080>        ServerAdmin [email protected]        ServerName server.ios.mu        ServerAlias server Here, we have to check and modify the VirtualHost directive and enable it to respond to the IPv6 address and port our web server is listening to. Save your changes, run the configuration test and reload Apache2 in order to apply your modifications. After successful steps you can launch your favourite browser and navigate to your IPv6 enabled web server. Accessing an IPv6 address in the browser That looks like a successful surgery to me... Note: In case that you received a timeout, check whether your client is operating on IPv6, too.

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• FOUR questions to ask if you are implementing DATABASE-AS-A-SERVICE

  - by Sudip Datta

  During my ongoing tenure at Oracle, I have met all types of DBAs. Happy DBAs, unhappy DBAs, proud DBAs, risk-loving DBAs, cautious DBAs. These days, as Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS) becomes more mainstream, I find some complacent DBAs who are basking in their achievement of having implemented DBaaS. Some others, however, are not that happy. They grudgingly complain that they did not have much of a say in the implementation, they simply had to follow what their cloud architects (mostly infrastructure admins) offered them. In most cases it would be a database wrapped inside a VM that would be labeled as “Database as a Service”. In other cases, it would be existing brute-force automation simply exposed in a portal. As much as I think that there is more to DBaaS than those approaches and often get tempted to propose Enterprise Manager 12c, I try to be objective. Neither do I want to dampen the spirit of the happy ones, nor do I want to stoke the pain of the unhappy ones. As I mentioned in my previous post, I don’t deny vanilla automation could be useful. I like virtualization too for what it has helped us accomplish in terms of resource management, but we need to scrutinize its merit on a case-by-case basis and apply it meaningfully. For DBAs who either claim to have implemented DBaaS or are planning to do so, I simply want to provide four key questions to ponder about: 1. Does it make life easier for your end users? Database-as-a-Service can have several types of end users. Junior DBAs, QA Engineers, Developers- each having their own skillset. The objective of DBaaS is to make their life simple, so that they can focus on their core responsibilities without having to worry about additional stuff. For example, if you are a Developer using Oracle Application Express (APEX), you want to deal with schema, objects and PL/SQL code and not with datafiles or listener configuration. If you are a QA Engineer needing database copies for functional testing, you do not want to deal with underlying operating system patching and compliance issues. The question to ask, therefore, is, whether DBaaS makes life easier for those users. It is often convenient to give them VM shells to deal with a la Amazon EC2 IaaS, but is that what they really want? Is it a productive use of a developer's time if he needs to apply RPM errata to his Linux operating system. Asking him to keep the underlying operating system current is like making a guest responsible for a restaurant's decor. 2. Does it make life easier for your administrators? Cloud, in general, is supposed to free administrators from attending to mundane tasks like provisioning services for every single end user request. It is supposed to enable a readily consumable platform and enforce standardization in the process. For example, if a Service Catalog exposes DBaaS of specific database versions and configurations, it, by its very nature, enforces certain discipline and standardization within the IT environment. What if, instead of specific database configurations, cloud allowed each end user to create databases of their liking resulting in hundreds of version and patch levels and thousands of individual databases. Therefore the right question to ask is whether the unwanted consequence of DBaaS is OS and database sprawl. And if so, who is responsible for tracking them, backing them up, administering them? Studies have shown that these administrative overheads increase exponentially with new targets, and it could result in a management nightmare. That leads us to our next question. 3. Does it satisfy your Security Officers and Compliance Auditors? Compliance Auditors need to know who did what and when. They also want the cloud platform to be secure, so that end users have little freedom in tampering with it. Dealing with VM sprawl is not the easiest of challenges, let alone dealing with them as they keep getting reconfigured and moved around. This leads to the proverbial needle in the haystack problem, and all it needs is one needle to cause a serious compliance issue in the enterprise. Bottomline is, flexibility and agility should not come at the expense of compliance and it is very important to get the balance right. Can we have security and isolation without creating compliance challenges? Instead of a ‘one size fits all approach’ i.e. OS level isolation, can we think smartly about database isolation or schema based isolation? This is where the appropriate resource modeling needs to be applied. The usual systems management vendors out there with heterogeneous common-denominator approach have compromised on these semantics. If you follow Enterprise Manager’s DBaaS solution, you will see that we have considered different models, not precluding virtualization, for different customer use cases. The judgment to use virtual assemblies versus databases on physical RAC versus Schema-as-a-Service in a single database, should be governed by the need of the applications and not by putting compliance considerations in the backburner. 4. Does it satisfy your CIO? Finally, does it satisfy your higher ups? As the sponsor of cloud initiative, the CIO is expected to lead an IT transformation project, not merely a run-of-the-mill IT operations. Simply virtualizing server resources and delivering them through self-service is a good start, but hardly transformational. CIOs may appreciate the instant benefit from server consolidation, but studies have revealed that the ROI from consolidation would flatten out at 20-25%. The question would be: what next? As we go higher up in the stack, the need to virtualize, segregate and optimize shifts to those layers that are more palpable to the business users. As Sushil Kumar noted in his blog post, " the most important thing to note here is the enterprise private cloud is not just an IT project, rather it is a business initiative to create an IT setup that is more aligned with the needs of today's dynamic and highly competitive business environment." Business users could not care less about infrastructure consolidation or virtualization - they care about business agility and service level assurance. Last but not the least, lot of CIOs get miffed if we ask them to throw away their existing hardware investments for implementing DBaaS. In Oracle, we always emphasize on freedom of choosing a platform; hence Enterprise Manager’s DBaaS solution is platform neutral. It can work on any Operating System (that the agent is certified on) Oracle’s hardware as well as 3rd party hardware. As a parting note, I urge you to remember these 4 questions. Remember that your satisfaction as an implementer lies in the satisfaction of others.

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• How can I render multiple windows with DirectX 9 in C++?

  - by Friso1990

  I'm trying to render multiple windows, using DirectX 9 and swap chains, but even though I create 2 windows, I only see the first one that I've created. My RendererDX9 header is this: #include <d3d9.h> #include <Windows.h> #include <vector> #include "RAT_Renderer.h" namespace RAT_ENGINE { class RAT_RendererDX9 : public RAT_Renderer { public: RAT_RendererDX9(); ~RAT_RendererDX9(); void Init(RAT_WindowManager* argWMan); void CleanUp(); void ShowWin(); private: LPDIRECT3D9 renderInterface; // Used to create the D3DDevice LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 renderDevice; // Our rendering device LPDIRECT3DSWAPCHAIN9* swapChain; // Swapchain to make multi-window rendering possible WNDCLASSEX wc; std::vector<HWND> hwindows; void Render(int argI); }; } And my .cpp file is this: #include "RAT_RendererDX9.h" static LRESULT CALLBACK MsgProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ); namespace RAT_ENGINE { RAT_RendererDX9::RAT_RendererDX9() : renderInterface(NULL), renderDevice(NULL) { } RAT_RendererDX9::~RAT_RendererDX9() { } void RAT_RendererDX9::Init(RAT_WindowManager* argWMan) { wMan = argWMan; // Register the window class WNDCLASSEX windowClass = { sizeof( WNDCLASSEX ), CS_CLASSDC, MsgProc, 0, 0, GetModuleHandle( NULL ), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, "foo", NULL }; wc = windowClass; RegisterClassEx( &wc ); for (int i = 0; i< wMan->getWindows().size(); ++i) { HWND hWnd = CreateWindow( "foo", argWMan->getWindow(i)->getName().c_str(), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, argWMan->getWindow(i)->getX(), argWMan->getWindow(i)->getY(), argWMan->getWindow(i)->getWidth(), argWMan->getWindow(i)->getHeight(), NULL, NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL ); hwindows.push_back(hWnd); } // Create the D3D object, which is needed to create the D3DDevice. renderInterface = (LPDIRECT3D9)Direct3DCreate9( D3D_SDK_VERSION ); // Set up the structure used to create the D3DDevice. Most parameters are // zeroed out. We set Windowed to TRUE, since we want to do D3D in a // window, and then set the SwapEffect to "discard", which is the most // efficient method of presenting the back buffer to the display. And // we request a back buffer format that matches the current desktop display // format. D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS deviceConfig; ZeroMemory( &deviceConfig, sizeof( deviceConfig ) ); deviceConfig.Windowed = TRUE; deviceConfig.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD; deviceConfig.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN; deviceConfig.BackBufferHeight = 1024; deviceConfig.BackBufferWidth = 768; deviceConfig.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE; deviceConfig.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16; // Create the Direct3D device. Here we are using the default adapter (most // systems only have one, unless they have multiple graphics hardware cards // installed) and requesting the HAL (which is saying we want the hardware // device rather than a software one). Software vertex processing is // specified since we know it will work on all cards. On cards that support // hardware vertex processing, though, we would see a big performance gain // by specifying hardware vertex processing. renderInterface->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hwindows[0], D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, &deviceConfig, &renderDevice ); this->swapChain = new LPDIRECT3DSWAPCHAIN9[wMan->getWindows().size()]; this->renderDevice->GetSwapChain(0, &swapChain[0]); for (int i = 0; i < wMan->getWindows().size(); ++i) { renderDevice->CreateAdditionalSwapChain(&deviceConfig, &swapChain[i]); } renderDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_CCW); // Set cullmode to counterclockwise culling to save resources renderDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_AMBIENT, 0xffffffff); // Turn on ambient lighting renderDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ZENABLE, TRUE); // Turn on the zbuffer } void RAT_RendererDX9::CleanUp() { renderDevice->Release(); renderInterface->Release(); } void RAT_RendererDX9::Render(int argI) { // Clear the backbuffer to a blue color renderDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0, 0, 255 ), 1.0f, 0 ); LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 backBuffer = NULL; // Set draw target this->swapChain[argI]->GetBackBuffer(0, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE_MONO, &backBuffer); this->renderDevice->SetRenderTarget(0, backBuffer); // Begin the scene renderDevice->BeginScene(); // End the scene renderDevice->EndScene(); swapChain[argI]->Present(NULL, NULL, hwindows[argI], NULL, 0); } void RAT_RendererDX9::ShowWin() { for (int i = 0; i < wMan->getWindows().size(); ++i) { ShowWindow( hwindows[i], SW_SHOWDEFAULT ); UpdateWindow( hwindows[i] ); // Enter the message loop MSG msg; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { if (PeekMessage( &msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } else { Render(i); } } } } } LRESULT CALLBACK MsgProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( msg ) { case WM_DESTROY: //CleanUp(); PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; case WM_PAINT: //Render(); ValidateRect( hWnd, NULL ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam ); } I've made a sample function to make multiple windows: void RunSample1() { //Create the window manager. RAT_ENGINE::RAT_WindowManager* wMan = new RAT_ENGINE::RAT_WindowManager(); //Create the render manager. RAT_ENGINE::RAT_RenderManager* rMan = new RAT_ENGINE::RAT_RenderManager(); //Create a window. //This is currently needed to initialize the render manager and create a renderer. wMan->CreateRATWindow("Sample 1 - 1", 10, 20, 640, 480); wMan->CreateRATWindow("Sample 1 - 2", 150, 100, 480, 640); //Initialize the render manager. rMan->Init(wMan); //Show the window. rMan->getRenderer()->ShowWin(); } How do I get the multiple windows to work?

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• Beyond Cloud Technology, Enabling A More Agile and Responsive Organization

  - by sxkumar

  This is the second part of the blog “Clouds, Clouds Everywhere But not a Drop of Rain”. In the first part,  I was sharing with you how a broad-based transformation makes cloud more than a technology initiative, I will describe in this section how it requires people (organizational) and process changes as well, and these changes are as critical as is the choice of right tools and technology. People: Most IT organizations have a fairly complex organizational structure. There are different groups, managing different pieces of the puzzle, and yet, they don't always work together. Provisioning a new application therefore may require a request to float endlessly through system administrators, DBAs and middleware admin worlds – resulting in long delays and constant finger pointing.  Cloud users expect end-to-end automation - which requires these silos to be greatly simplified, if not completely eliminated.  Most customers I talk to acknowledge this problem but are quick to admit that such a transformation is hard. As hard as it may be, I am afraid that the status quo is no longer an option. Sticking to an organizational structure that was created ages back will not only impede cloud adoption,  it also risks making the IT skills increasingly irrelevant in a world that is rapidly moving towards converged applications and infrastructure.   Process: Most IT organizations today operate with a mindset that they must fully "control" access to any and all types of IT services. This in turn leads to people clinging on to outdated manual approval processes .  While requiring approvals for scarce resources makes sense, insisting that every single request must be manually approved defeats the very purpose of cloud. Not only this causes delays, thereby at least partially negating the agility benefits, it also results in gross inefficiency. In a cloud environment, self-service access should be governed by policies, quotas that the administrators can define upfront . For a cloud initiative to be successful, IT organizations MUST be ready to empower users by giving them real control rather than insisting on brokering every single interaction between users and the cloud resources. Technology: From a technology perspective, cloud is about consolidation, standardization and automation. A consolidated and standardized infrastructure helps increase utilization and reduces cost. Additionally, it  enables a much higher degree of automation - thereby providing users the required agility while minimizing operational costs.  Obviously, automation is the key to cloud. Unfortunately it hasn’t received as much attention within enterprises as it should have.  Many organizations are just now waking up to the criticality of automation and it still often gets relegated to back burner in favor of other "high priority" projects. However, it is important to understand that without the right type and level of automation, cloud will remain a distant dream for most enterprises. This in turn makes the choice of the cloud management software extremely critical.  For a cloud management software to be effective in an enterprise environment, it must meet the following qualifications: Broad and Deep Solution It should offer a broad and deep solution to enable the kind of broad-based transformation we are talking about.  Its footprint must cover physical and virtual systems, as well as infrastructure, database and application tiers. Too many enterprises choose to equate cloud with virtualization. While virtualization is a critical component of a cloud solution, it is just a component and not the whole solution. Similarly, too many people tend to equate cloud with Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS). While it is perfectly reasonable to treat IaaS as a starting point, it is important to realize that it is just the first stepping stone - and on its own it can only provide limited business benefits. It is actually the higher level services, such as (application) platform and business applications, that will bring about a more meaningful transformation to your enterprise. Run and Manage Efficiently Your Mission Critical Applications It should not only be able to run your mission critical applications, it should do so better than before.  For enterprises, applications and data are the critical business assets  As such, if you are building a cloud platform that cannot run your ERP application, it isn't truly a "enterprise cloud".  Also, be wary of  vendors who try to sell you the idea that your applications must be written in a certain way to be able to run on the cloud. That is nothing but a bogus, self-serving argument. For the cloud to be meaningful to enterprises, it should adopt to your applications - and not the other way around.  Automated, Integrated Set of Cloud Management Capabilities At the root of many of the problems plaguing enterprise IT today is complexity. A complex maze of tools and technology, coupled with archaic  processes, results in an environment which is inflexible, inefficient and simply too hard to manage. Management tool consolidation, therefore, is key to the success of your cloud as tool proliferation adds to complexity, encourages compartmentalization and defeats the very purpose that you are building the cloud for. Decision makers ought to be extra cautious about vendors trying to sell them a "suite" of disparate and loosely integrated products as a cloud solution.  An effective enterprise cloud management solution needs to provide a tightly integrated set of capabilities for all aspects of cloud lifecycle management. A simple question to ask: will your environment be more or less complex after you implement your cloud? More often than not, the answer will surprise you.  At Oracle, we have understood these challenges and have been working hard to create cloud solutions that are relevant and meaningful for enterprises.  And we have been doing it for much longer than you may think. Oracle was one of the very first enterprise software companies to make our products available on the Amazon Cloud. As far back as in 2007, we created new cloud solutions such as Cloud Database Backup that are helping customers like Amazon save millions every year.  Our cloud solution portfolio is also the broadest and most deep in the industry  - covering public, private, hybrid, Infrastructure, platform and applications clouds. It is no coincidence therefore that the Oracle Cloud today offers the most comprehensive set of public cloud services in the industry.  And to a large part, this has been made possible thanks to our years on investment in creating cloud enabling technologies. I will dedicated the third and final part of the blog “Clouds, Clouds Everywhere But not a Drop of Rain” to Oracle Cloud Technologies Building Blocks and how they mapped into our vision of Enterprise Cloud. Stay Tuned.

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• MySQL is hogging my server resources

  - by Reacen

  Does anyone have any idea of what can cause this weird behaviour and how I go about fixing it? This is all coming from MySQL only (both RAM and CPU usage), for about 10 minutes after I reboot my Java game server (that has a pool of 256 connections). There are not that many queries and I think it may be more of a MySQL misconfiguration problem. My server: 3.20 GHz * 6 core / 24 GB RAM / 64 bit Windows Server 2003. My game server: Java server, with 256 MySQL connections pool (MyISAM engine), about 500,000 accounts, and 9 million rows of game items in database and about 3,000 players are connected. After about 15 minutes of the game server reboot, the server resumes its stability and CPU usage drop down to 1% ~ 5% and memory to 6 GB. Here is a copy of my MySQL configuration. Also, any advice about my MySQL configuration will be appreciated. I really set it up almost at random. # Example MySQL config file for very large systems. # # This is for a large system with memory of 1G-2G where the system runs mainly # MySQL. # # You can copy this file to # /etc/my.cnf to set global options, # mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options (in this # installation this directory is C:\mysql\data) or # ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options. # # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program # with the "--help" option. # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld] #log=c:\mysql.log port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock skip-locking key_buffer_size = 2572M max_allowed_packet = 64M table_open_cache = 512 sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer_size = 128M read_rnd_buffer_size = 128M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 500M thread_cache_size = 32 query_cache_size = 1948M # Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency thread_concurrency = 12 max_connections = 5000 # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # #skip-networking # Replication Master Server (default) # binary logging is required for replication log-bin=mysql-bin # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set # but will not function as a master if omitted server-id = 1 # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this) # # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between # two methods : # # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) - # the syntax is: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>, # MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ; # # where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and # <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default). # # Example: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, # MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret'; # # OR # # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then # start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example # if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to # connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later # change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and # overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown # the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server. # For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched # (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above) # # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1 # (and different from the master) # defaults to 2 if master-host is set # but will not function as a slave if omitted #server-id = 2 # # The replication master for this slave - required #master-host = <hostname> # # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting # to the master - required #master-user = <username> # # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to # the master - required #master-password = <password> # # The port the master is listening on. # optional - defaults to 3306 #master-port = <port> # # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended #log-bin=mysql-bin # # binary logging format - mixed recommended #binlog_format=mixed # Point the following paths to different dedicated disks #tmpdir = /tmp/ #log-update = /path-to-dedicated-directory/hostname # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables #innodb_data_home_dir = C:\mysql\data/ #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:2000M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend #innodb_log_group_home_dir = C:\mysql\data/ # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 384M #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size #innodb_log_file_size = 100M #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 64M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 256M sort_buffer_size = 256M read_buffer = 8M write_buffer = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout

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• DRBD Not syncing between my nodes

  - by Mike Curry

  Some version info: Operating system is Ubuntu 11.10, on EC2, kernel is 3.0.0-16-virtual and the application info is: Version: 8.3.11 (api:88) GIT-hash: 0de839cee13a4160eed6037c4bddd066645e23c5 build by buildd@allspice, 2011-07-05 19:51:07 Getting some strange errors in dmesg (seen below) as well, there is no replication happening. I have made my first node primary and its showing: drbd driver loaded OK; device status: version: 8.3.11 (api:88/proto:86-96) srcversion: DA5A13F16DE6553FC7CE9B2 m:res cs ro ds p mounted fstype 0:r0 StandAlone Primary/Unknown UpToDate/DUnknown r----s ext3 my secondary node is showing: drbd driver loaded OK; device status: version: 8.3.11 (api:88/proto:86-96) srcversion: DA5A13F16DE6553FC7CE9B2 m:res cs ro ds p mounted fstype 0:r0 StandAlone Secondary/Unknown Inconsistent/DUnknown r----s Showing /proc/drbd on the master shows: version: 8.3.11 (api:88/proto:86-96) srcversion: DA5A13F16DE6553FC7CE9B2 0: cs:StandAlone ro:Primary/Unknown ds:UpToDate/DUnknown r----s ns:0 nr:0 dw:4 dr:1073 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:262135964 Showing /proc/drbd on the slave shows that there is nothing being transfered... version: 8.3.11 (api:88/proto:86-96) srcversion: DA5A13F16DE6553FC7CE9B2 0: cs:StandAlone ro:Secondary/Unknown ds:Inconsistent/DUnknown r----s ns:0 nr:0 dw:0 dr:0 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:262135964 Here is my config... resource r0 { protocol C; startup { wfc-timeout 15; degr-wfc-timeout 60; } net { cram-hmac-alg sha1; shared-secret "test123; } on drbd01 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/xvdm; address 23.XX.XX.XX:7788; # blocked out ip meta-disk internal; } on drbd02 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/xvdm; address 184.XX.XX.XX:7788; #blocked out ip meta-disk internal; } } I have run the following on the master: sudo drbdadm -- --overwrite-data-of-peer primary all There is no firewall between the systems. Here is the dmesg with some errors: [2285172.969955] drbd: initialized. Version: 8.3.11 (api:88/proto:86-96) [2285172.969960] drbd: srcversion: DA5A13F16DE6553FC7CE9B2 [2285172.969962] drbd: registered as block device major 147 [2285172.969965] drbd: minor_table @ 0xffff88000276ea00 [2285173.000952] block drbd0: Starting worker thread (from drbdsetup [1300]) [2285173.003971] block drbd0: disk( Diskless -> Attaching ) [2285173.006150] block drbd0: No usable activity log found. [2285173.006154] block drbd0: Method to ensure write ordering: flush [2285173.006158] block drbd0: max BIO size = 4096 [2285173.006165] block drbd0: drbd_bm_resize called with capacity == 524271928 [2285173.008512] block drbd0: resync bitmap: bits=65533991 words=1023969 pages=2000 [2285173.008518] block drbd0: size = 250 GB (262135964 KB) [2285173.079566] block drbd0: bitmap READ of 2000 pages took 17 jiffies [2285173.081189] block drbd0: recounting of set bits took additional 1 jiffies [2285173.081194] block drbd0: 250 GB (65533991 bits) marked out-of-sync by on disk bit-map. [2285173.081203] block drbd0: Suspended AL updates [2285173.081210] block drbd0: disk( Attaching -> UpToDate ) [2285173.081214] block drbd0: attached to UUIDs 1C1291D39584C1D1:0000000000000004:0000000000000000:0000000000000000 [2285173.095016] block drbd0: conn( StandAlone -> Unconnected ) [2285173.095046] block drbd0: Starting receiver thread (from drbd0_worker [1301]) [2285173.099297] block drbd0: receiver (re)started [2285173.099304] block drbd0: conn( Unconnected -> WFConnection ) [2285173.099330] block drbd0: bind before connect failed, err = -99 [2285173.099346] block drbd0: conn( WFConnection -> Disconnecting ) [2285173.295788] block drbd0: Discarding network configuration. [2285173.295815] block drbd0: Connection closed [2285173.295826] block drbd0: conn( Disconnecting -> StandAlone ) [2285173.295840] block drbd0: receiver terminated [2285173.295844] block drbd0: Terminating drbd0_receiver Edit: Reading some other similar issues, it was suggested to do a 'drbdadm dump all', so I figured it couldn't hurt. ubuntu@drbd01:~$ drbdadm dump all /etc/drbd.conf:19: in resource r0, on drbd01: IP 23.XX.XX.XX not found on this host. and on slave: root@drbd02:~# drbdadm dump all /etc/drbd.conf:25: in resource r0, on drbd02: IP 184.XX.XX.XX not found on this host. Strange it doesn't find its own ip, however, this is an Amazon EC2 system using an elastic IP... here are my ipconfigs for both... master: ubuntu@drbd01:~$ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 22:00:0a:1c:27:11 inet addr:10.28.39.17 Bcast:10.28.39.63 Mask:255.255.255.192 inet6 addr: fe80::2000:aff:fe1c:2711/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1569 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1169 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:124409 (124.4 KB) TX bytes:213601 (213.6 KB) Interrupt:26 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) slave: root@drbd02:~# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 12:31:3f:00:14:9d inet addr:10.160.27.107 Bcast:10.160.27.255 Mask:255.255.254.0 inet6 addr: fe80::1031:3fff:fe00:149d/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:915 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:774 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:75381 (75.3 KB) TX bytes:109673 (109.6 KB) Interrupt:26 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

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• Windows Server 2008 Task Scheduler Tasks Not Executing

  - by omatase

  I've been having an intermittent problem for some time now with the Windows Task Scheduler that I can't work out. I use the task scheduler to run a C# app I've written that has various plugins used to ensure production systems are working. This task scheduler itself is actually a production system so I have one simple task that executes every 8 minutes to notify an external monitoring system that the task scheduler is still up. If this external service fails to receive an "all-clear" at least once every 15 minutes (or so I don't remember the exact number right now) it will message us that the monitoring system is down. In the past we've had intermittent "down" messages from time to time and each time I've investigated the cause I was unable to find any problems. So this time I wanted to ask the StackOverflow community since it doesn't look like I'll have luck on my own. This morning at 2:32 AM the task fired (exactly 8 minutes after the previous firing) however the task didn't fire again until 3:28. There are no errors that I can see in the Event Viewer at this time. When I look at the Task Scheduler log there are no errors there either. Here is what the log looks like though: Information 6/11/2011 3:28:56 AM 102 Task completed (2) d6cf2412-269e-48bf-9f40-4a863347baad Information 6/11/2011 3:28:56 AM 201 Action completed (2) d6cf2412-269e-48bf-9f40-4a863347baad Information 6/11/2011 3:28:55 AM 129 Created Task Process Info Information 6/11/2011 3:28:55 AM 200 Action started (1) d6cf2412-269e-48bf-9f40-4a863347baad Information 6/11/2011 3:28:55 AM 100 Task Started (1) d6cf2412-269e-48bf-9f40-4a863347baad Information 6/11/2011 3:28:55 AM 319 Task Engine received message to start task (1) Information 6/11/2011 3:28:55 AM 107 Task triggered on scheduler Info d6cf2412-269e-48bf-9f40-4a863347baad Information 6/11/2011 3:28:15 AM 102 Task completed (2) b91fe5ce-39ef-42fb-adbe-bd8be012c00a Information 6/11/2011 3:28:15 AM 201 Action completed (2) b91fe5ce-39ef-42fb-adbe-bd8be012c00a Information 6/11/2011 3:28:15 AM 102 Task completed (2) 556c07dc-2724-4a21-a97e-dc4abd56f94d Information 6/11/2011 3:28:15 AM 201 Action completed (2) 556c07dc-2724-4a21-a97e-dc4abd56f94d Information 6/11/2011 3:28:15 AM 102 Task completed (2) 79328289-f742-49dd-aa0d-c3d05db50895 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:15 AM 201 Action completed (2) 79328289-f742-49dd-aa0d-c3d05db50895 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:15 AM 102 Task completed (2) 19743755-47b6-4b98-9bec-052193be9496 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:15 AM 201 Action completed (2) 19743755-47b6-4b98-9bec-052193be9496 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:15 AM 102 Task completed (2) c165754f-e3e6-4176-a327-11f9c06c39a5 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:15 AM 201 Action completed (2) c165754f-e3e6-4176-a327-11f9c06c39a5 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:15 AM 102 Task completed (2) 0e62ad3e-1f6e-40c0-9155-19f0108dee22 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:15 AM 201 Action completed (2) 0e62ad3e-1f6e-40c0-9155-19f0108dee22 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 129 Created Task Process Info Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 200 Action started (1) 0e62ad3e-1f6e-40c0-9155-19f0108dee22 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 129 Created Task Process Info Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 200 Action started (1) c165754f-e3e6-4176-a327-11f9c06c39a5 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 129 Created Task Process Info Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 200 Action started (1) 19743755-47b6-4b98-9bec-052193be9496 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 129 Created Task Process Info Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 200 Action started (1) 79328289-f742-49dd-aa0d-c3d05db50895 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 129 Created Task Process Info Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 200 Action started (1) 556c07dc-2724-4a21-a97e-dc4abd56f94d Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 129 Created Task Process Info Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 200 Action started (1) b91fe5ce-39ef-42fb-adbe-bd8be012c00a Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 100 Task Started (1) 0e62ad3e-1f6e-40c0-9155-19f0108dee22 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 319 Task Engine received message to start task (1) Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 100 Task Started (1) c165754f-e3e6-4176-a327-11f9c06c39a5 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 319 Task Engine received message to start task (1) Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 100 Task Started (1) 19743755-47b6-4b98-9bec-052193be9496 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 319 Task Engine received message to start task (1) Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 100 Task Started (1) 79328289-f742-49dd-aa0d-c3d05db50895 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 319 Task Engine received message to start task (1) Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 100 Task Started (1) 556c07dc-2724-4a21-a97e-dc4abd56f94d Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 319 Task Engine received message to start task (1) Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 100 Task Started (1) b91fe5ce-39ef-42fb-adbe-bd8be012c00a Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 319 Task Engine received message to start task (1) Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 107 Task triggered on scheduler Info 0e62ad3e-1f6e-40c0-9155-19f0108dee22 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 107 Task triggered on scheduler Info c165754f-e3e6-4176-a327-11f9c06c39a5 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 107 Task triggered on scheduler Info 19743755-47b6-4b98-9bec-052193be9496 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 107 Task triggered on scheduler Info 79328289-f742-49dd-aa0d-c3d05db50895 Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 107 Task triggered on scheduler Info 556c07dc-2724-4a21-a97e-dc4abd56f94d Information 6/11/2011 3:28:10 AM 107 Task triggered on scheduler Info b91fe5ce-39ef-42fb-adbe-bd8be012c00a Information 6/11/2011 2:32:56 AM 102 Task completed (2) 16e4f2c3-a340-410a-9c14-4bfe0861fdd5 Information 6/11/2011 2:32:56 AM 201 Action completed (2) 16e4f2c3-a340-410a-9c14-4bfe0861fdd5 Information 6/11/2011 2:32:55 AM 129 Created Task Process Info Information 6/11/2011 2:32:55 AM 200 Action started (1) 16e4f2c3-a340-410a-9c14-4bfe0861fdd5 Information 6/11/2011 2:32:55 AM 100 Task Started (1) 16e4f2c3-a340-410a-9c14-4bfe0861fdd5 Information 6/11/2011 2:32:55 AM 319 Task Engine received message to start task (1) Information 6/11/2011 2:32:55 AM 107 Task triggered on scheduler Info 16e4f2c3-a340-410a-9c14-4bfe0861fdd5 Seems kind of strange. I also have two other C# apps that run and check something each hour on the hour using task scheduler. If I look at the history for those I can see that they didn't execute at 3 AM either! They all waited until 3:28 to start as well. If I look at "tasks completed" in the Event Viewer it shows that only one task was able to run between the 2:32 AM to 3:28 AM time period. The task was "\Microsoft\Windows\RAC\RACAgent" And here's what it looked like: Information 6/11/2011 3:18:09 AM 102 Task completed (2) 00c53a85-ba20-4666-80db-fbbe2492c0ad Information 6/11/2011 3:18:09 AM 201 Action completed (2) 00c53a85-ba20-4666-80db-fbbe2492c0ad Information 6/11/2011 3:18:08 AM 129 Created Task Process Info Information 6/11/2011 3:18:08 AM 200 Action started (1) 00c53a85-ba20-4666-80db-fbbe2492c0ad Information 6/11/2011 3:18:08 AM 100 Task Started (1) 00c53a85-ba20-4666-80db-fbbe2492c0ad Information 6/11/2011 3:18:08 AM 319 Task Engine received message to start task (1) I appreciate any ideas anyone may have.

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• What steps can you take to ensure sane build environments when compiling software?

  - by Chris Adams

  Hi guys, I've been stuck with a compilation problem when building a standardised virtual machine on CentOS 5.4, and I'm in the dark here as to a) why this error is occurring, and b) how to fix it, and in the hope that someone else stumbles across this problem too, I'm hoping someone can help me find the solution here. I'm getting a configure: error: newly created file is older than distributed files! error when trying to compile Ruby Enterprise like below when I try to run the installer, and the solutions offered to on the forums (of checking the tine, and touching the files to update the time associated with them) don't seem to be helping here. What steps can I take to work out what the cause of this problem? [vagrant@vagrant-centos-5 ruby-enterprise-1.8.7-2009.10]$ sudo ./installer Welcome to the Ruby Enterprise Edition installer This installer will help you install Ruby Enterprise Edition 1.8.7-2009.10. Don't worry, none of your system files will be touched if you don't want them to, so there is no risk that things will screw up. You can expect this from the installation process: 1. Ruby Enterprise Edition will be compiled and optimized for speed for this system. 2. Ruby on Rails will be installed for Ruby Enterprise Edition. 3. You will learn how to tell Phusion Passenger to use Ruby Enterprise Edition instead of regular Ruby. Press Enter to continue, or Ctrl-C to abort. Checking for required software... * C compiler... found at /usr/bin/gcc * C++ compiler... found at /usr/bin/g++ * The 'make' tool... found at /usr/bin/make * Zlib development headers... found * OpenSSL development headers... found * GNU Readline development headers... found -------------------------------------------- Target directory Where would you like to install Ruby Enterprise Edition to? (All Ruby Enterprise Edition files will be put inside that directory.) [/opt/ruby-enterprise] : -------------------------------------------- Compiling and optimizing the memory allocator for Ruby Enterprise Edition In the mean time, feel free to grab a cup of coffee. ./configure --prefix=/opt/ruby-enterprise --disable-dependency-tracking checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... configure: error: newly created file is older than distributed files! Check your system clock This is a virtual machine running on virtualbox, and the time of the host and the virtual machine are identical, and up to date. I've also tried running this after updating time with an ntp-client, so no avail. I tried this after reading this post here of someone having a similar problem [vagrant@vagrant-centos-5 ruby-enterprise-1.8.7-2009.10]$ date Tue Apr 27 08:09:05 BST 2010 The other approach I've tried is to touch the top level the files in the build folder like suggested here, but this hasn't worked either (an to be honest, I'm not sure why it would have worked either) [vagrant@vagrant-centos-5 ruby-enterprise-1.8.7-2009.10]$ sudo touch ruby-enterprise-1.8.7-2009.10/* I'm not sure what I can do next here - the problem seems to be the bash configure script that returns this error error: newly created file is older than distributed files!, at line :2214 { echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking whether build environment is sane" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking whether build environment is sane... $ECHO_C" >&6; } # Just in case sleep 1 echo timestamp > conftest.file # Do `set' in a subshell so we don't clobber the current shell's # arguments. Must try -L first in case configure is actually a # symlink; some systems play weird games with the mod time of symlinks # (eg FreeBSD returns the mod time of the symlink's containing # directory). if ( set X `ls -Lt $srcdir/configure conftest.file 2> /dev/null` if test "$*" = "X"; then # -L didn't work. set X `ls -t $srcdir/configure conftest.file` fi rm -f conftest.file if test "$*" != "X $srcdir/configure conftest.file" \ && test "$*" != "X conftest.file $srcdir/configure"; then # If neither matched, then we have a broken ls. This can happen # if, for instance, CONFIG_SHELL is bash and it inherits a # broken ls alias from the environment. This has actually # happened. Such a system could not be considered "sane". { { echo "$as_me:$LINENO: error: ls -t appears to fail. Make sure there is not a broken alias in your environment" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: ls -t appears to fail. Make sure there is not a broken alias in your environment" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi ### PROBLEM LINE #### # this line is the problem line - this is returned true, sometimes it isn't and I can't # see a pattern that that determines when this will test will pass or not. test "$2" = conftest.file ) then # Ok. : else { { echo "$as_me:$LINENO: error: newly created file is older than distributed files! Check your system clock" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: newly created file is older than distributed files! Check your system clock" >&2;} { (exit 1); exit 1; }; } fi the thing that makes this really frustrating is that this script works sometimes, when the VM has been running for an hour or so it works, but not at boot. There's nothing I see in the crontab that suggests any hourly tasks are run that might change the state of the system enough make a difference to this script working. I'm totally at a loss when it comes to debugging beyond here. What's the best approach to take here? Thanks

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• SSH service will not start on fresh Cygwin 1.7.15 install

  - by Coder6841

  OS: Windows 7 x64 Cygwin: 1.7.15-1 OpenSSH: 6.0p1-1 I'm attempting to install an SSH server on Windows 7. The tutorial that I'm following to do this is here: http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/41560/how-to-get-ssh-command-line-access-to-windows-7-using-cygwin/ The issue is that upon executing the net start sshd command I get the following output:The CYGWIN sshd service is starting. The CYGWIN sshd service could not be started. The service did not report an error. More help is available by typing NET HELPMSG 3534. Here is the full output of the setup: AdminUser@ThisComputer ~ $ ssh-host-config *** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_key *** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key *** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key *** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_ecdsa_key *** Info: Creating default /etc/ssh_config file *** Info: Creating default /etc/sshd_config file *** Info: Privilege separation is set to yes by default since OpenSSH 3.3. *** Info: However, this requires a non-privileged account called 'sshd'. *** Info: For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/README.privsep. *** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) yes *** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account have *** Info: Administrator privileges. Should this script attempt to create a *** Query: new local account 'sshd'? (yes/no) yes *** Info: Updating /etc/sshd_config file *** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service? *** Query: (Say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no) yes *** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: [] *** Info: On Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and above, the *** Info: SYSTEM account cannot setuid to other users -- a capability *** Info: sshd requires. You need to have or to create a privileged *** Info: account. This script will help you do so. *** Info: You appear to be running Windows XP 64bit, Windows 2003 Server, *** Info: or later. On these systems, it's not possible to use the LocalSystem *** Info: account for services that can change the user id without an *** Info: explicit password (such as passwordless logins [e.g. public key *** Info: authentication] via sshd). *** Info: If you want to enable that functionality, it's required to create *** Info: a new account with special privileges (unless a similar account *** Info: already exists). This account is then used to run these special *** Info: servers. *** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account *** Info: have Administrator privileges itself. *** Info: No privileged account could be found. *** Info: This script plans to use 'cyg_server'. *** Info: 'cyg_server' will only be used by registered services. *** Query: Do you want to use a different name? (yes/no) no *** Query: Create new privileged user account 'cyg_server'? (yes/no) yes *** Info: Please enter a password for new user cyg_server. Please be sure *** Info: that this password matches the password rules given on your system. *** Info: Entering no password will exit the configuration. *** Query: Please enter the password: *** Query: Reenter: *** Info: User 'cyg_server' has been created with password '[CENSORED]'. *** Info: If you change the password, please remember also to change the *** Info: password for the installed services which use (or will soon use) *** Info: the 'cyg_server' account. *** Info: Also keep in mind that the user 'cyg_server' needs read permissions *** Info: on all users' relevant files for the services running as 'cyg_server'. *** Info: In particular, for the sshd server all users' .ssh/authorized_keys *** Info: files must have appropriate permissions to allow public key *** Info: authentication. (Re-)running ssh-user-config for each user will set *** Info: these permissions correctly. [Similar restrictions apply, for *** Info: instance, for .rhosts files if the rshd server is running, etc]. *** Info: The sshd service has been installed under the 'cyg_server' *** Info: account. To start the service now, call `net start sshd' or *** Info: `cygrunsrv -S sshd'. Otherwise, it will start automatically *** Info: after the next reboot. *** Info: Host configuration finished. Have fun! AdminUser@ThisComputer ~ $ net start sshd The CYGWIN sshd service is starting. The CYGWIN sshd service could not be started. The service did not report an error. More help is available by typing NET HELPMSG 3534. Note that on the line *** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: [] I haven't entered anything. Tutorials often say to use ntsec or ntsec tty here but those options are removed from the latest version of OpenSSH. I've tried using them anyway and the result is the same. The file /var/log/sshd.log is empty. If I try just running the command /usr/sbin/sshd I get the output /var/empty must be owned by root and not group or world-writable.. The /var/empty directory has the following permissions: drwxr-xr-x+ 1 cyg_server root 0 May 29 15:28 empty. Google searches on this error did not turn up any working fixes. One person seems to have solved it by using the command chown SYSTEM /var/empty but that did not fix it in my case.

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• Java 7 update 6 installation fails on Windows 7 when Chrome is default browser

  - by ali1234

  I am configuring a brand new Lenovo U410 system with Windows 7 Home Premium for a user. I received the system direct from the shop. As part of the configuration I installed Java using the online installer. This worked correctly. Later, due to a mistake I made, I needed to restore the system to factory default. The factory default FORMATS C:\ and puts back (supposedly) the exact factory configuration. However, after doing this, I was no longer able to install Java successfully using the same method I used before. Now, whenever I attempt to use the online Java installer, the following happens. First of all, a window always appears "Welcome to Java", "Downloading Java Installer...". After short time this window disappears and then one of three things happens: The very first time I do this after doing a factory reset, I get a Windows error report, which contains this information: Application Name: JavaSetup7u5.exe Application Version: 7.0.50.6 Application Timestamp: 4feacd84 Fault Module Name: JavaIC.dll Fault Module Version: 9.9.9.9 Fault Module Timestamp: 4f2343d6 Exception Offset: 000052cb Exception Code: c0000417 Exception Data: 00000000 OS Version: 6.1.7600.2.0.0.768.3 Locale ID: 1033 Additional Information 1: 773c Additional Information 2: 773cd78cf06816f8246f359fa270f3bb Additional Information 3: f51a Additional Information 4: f51aaea7d22f36fa9e3a626b5a5cd1c3 2. Subsequent runs produce either this error message: "Error: Java(TM) installer - Downloaded file C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Temp\fx-runtime.exe is corrupt." or Nothing happens at all. I Believe this is a red herring. Running the installer again causes a different error because the files were downloaded and the installer crashed before it could clean up. This isn't the actual problem, as when this happens the installer deletes the downloaded files, and then when you run it for the third time, it downloads everything again and does the javaic.dll crash. I suspect the downloader is appending to the existing files or something, causing the corruption. I have tried all of the above as Administrator and as a normal user. I have tried reseting the system to factory defaults several times. I have tried downloading with Chrome and Internet Explorer 9. I have tried uninstalling all anti-virus software and disabling the windows firewall entirely. The only thing which makes a difference is running the installer in Windows XP compatibility mode, which allows the installation to complete. I know I can workaround this error by using the offline installer so please don't post that as an answer. I am looking for an explanation of the root cause. Additionally, if I use the offline installer, the updater does not work. The updater also does not work if I install in XP mode. The updater fails because it works by just downloading the newest online setup and running it. Also remember that the installers are digitally signed. The signitures verify correctly so there is no way in hell that this is caused by corrupted downloads. Some theories I have: The Java setup files on java.com actually changed in between the first successful install and my later attempts. Seems unlikely as none of the version numbers have changed. However, I have seen a couple of reports of this error which showed up in the past 24 hours. This looks like the most likely explanation right now: http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/press/1735645 - Oracle released 7 update 6 two days ago. Careful inspection of the installers reveal that they are in fact attempting to download .6, not .5 as the download page claims. Not actually correct. Only the update tool tries to install 7u6. The online installer still tries 7u5. However, 7u6 being released two days ago is too much of a coincidence to ignore. Update: The 7u6 online installer is available from Oracle technetwork. It crashes in exactly the same way. The factory reset software uses GMT-8 and I am on GMT-1. As a result, after factory reset, any software which cares to check would think that the system was restored 7 hours in the future, due to Window's awful policy of storing local time in the system clock. This could be confusing a certificate check or similar. Update: I discovered that this does cause Windows Update to fail. The workaround, setting the clock back before starting factory reset, does not enable Java to install correctly. The factory reset image isn't really the same as what is installed in the main partition when you buy the system. Naughty Lenovo. The installer appears to crash while installing or displaying something to do with the Ask.com toolbar. That seems to be what javaic.dll does. Microsoft Tuesday was the 14th. Some update in that could be causing this. However, I'm factory reseting the machine every time, so unless the patches get slipstreamed into the recovery image, or there is some mechanism by which they get silently installed even if updates are disabled, then I don't see how this can be the cause. Major breakthrough: The default browser on Lenovo systems is Google Chrome. I noticed that the JavaIC.dll "sponsor check" actually does a check on your default browser in order to decide which sponsor ad to display. Normally that would get you the Ask toolbar on IE9. But that toolbar doesn't work on Chrome, and so the installer tries to display a different ad. The different ad is what causes the crash. Changing the default browser to IE9 allows the installer to run correctly. So this looks like a genuine bug in the sponsor ad code in the installer, caused by a combination of Google Chrome default browser and not being in the US. (Installer also checks your location using IP geolocation service and displays different ads based on that.)

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• CD/DVD burn error in ImgBurn and Nero

  - by bobby

  I am getting the errors shown below when I try to burn a CD/DVD on my DVD writer. I am seeing this error for every CD/DVD I try to burn. I am not able to write any CDs or DVDs using ImgBurn. The burn log below is a failed burn in Nero. What could be causing this error? Nero Burning ROM bobby 4C85-200E-4005-0004-0000-7660-0800-35X3-0000-407M-MX37-**** (*) Windows XP 6.1 IA32 WinAspi: - NT-SPTI used Nero Version: 7.11.3. Internal Version: 7, 11, 3, (Nero Express) Recorder: <HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N> Version: UL01 - HA 1 TA 1 - 7.11.3.0 Adapter driver: <IDE> HA 1 Drive buffer : 2048kB Bus Type : default CD-ROM: <ATAPI-CD ROM-DRIVE-52MAX > Version: 52PP - HA 1 TA 0 - 7.11.3.0 Adapter driver: <IDE> HA 1 === Scsi-Device-Map === === CDRom-Device-Map === ATAPI-CD ROM-DRIVE-52MAX F: CdRom0 HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N G: CdRom1 ======================= AutoRun : 1 Excluded drive IDs: WriteBufferSize: 83886080 (0) Byte BUFE : 0 Physical memory : 958MB (981560kB) Free physical memory: 309MB (317024kB) Memory in use : 67 % Uncached PFiles: 0x0 Use Inquiry : 1 Global Bus Type: default (0) Check supported media : Disabled (0) 11.6.2010 CD Image 10:43:02 AM #1 Text 0 File SCSIPTICommands.cpp, Line 450 LockMCN - completed sucessfully for IOCTL_STORAGE_MCN_CONTROL 10:43:02 AM #2 Text 0 File Burncd.cpp, Line 3186 HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N Buffer underrun protection activated 10:43:02 AM #3 Text 0 File Burncd.cpp, Line 3500 Turn on Disc-At-Once, using CD-R/RW media 10:43:02 AM #4 Text 0 File DlgWaitCD.cpp, Line 307 Last possible write address on media: 359848 ( 79:59.73) Last address to be written: 318783 ( 70:52.33) 10:43:02 AM #5 Text 0 File DlgWaitCD.cpp, Line 319 Write in overburning mode: NO (enabled: CD) 10:43:02 AM #6 Text 0 File DlgWaitCD.cpp, Line 2988 Recorder: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM G SA-H12N; CDR co de: 00 97 27 18; O SJ entry from: Pla smon Data systems Ltd. ATIP Data: Special Info [hex] 1: D0 00 A0, 2: 61 1B 12 (LI 97:27.18), 3: 4F 3B 4A ( LO 79:59.74) Additional Info [hex] 1: 00 00 00 (invalid), 2: 00 00 00 (invalid), 3: 00 0 0 00 (invalid) 10:43:02 AM #7 Text 0 File DlgWaitCD.cpp, Line 493 >>> Protocol of DlgWaitCD activities: <<< ========================================= 10:43:02 AM #8 Text 0 File ThreadedTransferInterface.cpp, Line 785 Nero Report 1 Nero Burning ROM Setup items (after recorder preparation) 0: TRM_DATA_MODE1 (2 - CD-ROM Mode 1, Joliet) 2 indices, index0 (150) not provided original disc pos #0 + 318784 (318784) = #318784/70:50.34 not relocatable, disc pos for caching/writing not required/not required -> TRM_DATA_MODE1, 2048, config 0, wanted index0 0 blocks, length 318784 blocks [G: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N] -------------------------------------------------------------- 10:43:02 AM #9 Text 0 File ThreadedTransferInterface.cpp, Line 986 Prepare [G: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N] for write in CUE-sheet-DAO DAO infos: ========== MCN: "" TOCType: 0x00; Se ssion Clo sed, disc fixated Tracks 1 to 1: Idx 0 Idx 1 Next T rk 1: TRM_DATA_MODE1, 2048/0x00, FilePos 0 307200 6531768 32, ISRC "" DAO layout: =========== ___Start_|____Track_|_Idx_|_CtrlAdr_|_____Size_|______NWA_|_RecDep__________ -150 | lead-in | 0 | 0x41 | 0 | 0 | 0x00 -150 | 1 | 0 | 0x41 | 0 | 0 | 0x00 0 | 1 | 1 | 0x41 | 318784 | 318784 | 0x00 318784 | lead-out | 1 | 0x41 | 0 | 0 | 0x00 10:43:02 AM #10 Text 0 File SCSIPTICommands.cpp, Line 240 SPTILockVolume - completed successfully for FSCTL_LOCK_VOLUME 10:43:02 AM #11 Text 0 File Burncd.cpp, Line 4286 Caching options: cache CDRom or Network-Yes, small files-Yes (<64KB) 10:43:02 AM #12 Phase 24 File dlgbrnst.cpp, Line 1767 Caching of files started 10:43:02 AM #13 Text 0 File Burncd.cpp, Line 4405 Cache writing successful. 10:43:02 AM #14 Phase 25 File dlgbrnst.cpp, Line 1767 Caching of files completed 10:43:02 AM #15 Phase 36 File dlgbrnst.cpp, Line 1767 Burn process started at 48x (7,200 KB/s) 10:43:02 AM #16 Text 0 File ThreadedTransferInterface.cpp, Line 2733 Verifying disc position of item 0 (not relocatable, no disc pos, no patch infos, orig at #0): write at #0 10:43:02 AM #17 Text 0 File MMC.cpp, Line 17806 StartDAO : CD-Text - Off 10:43:02 AM #18 Text 0 File MMC.cpp, Line 22488 Set BUFE: Buffer underrun protection -> ON 10:43:03 AM #19 Text 0 File MMC.cpp, Line 18034 CueData, Len=32 41 00 00 14 00 00 00 00 41 01 00 10 00 00 00 00 41 01 01 10 00 00 02 00 41 aa 01 14 00 46 34 22 10:43:03 AM #20 Text 0 File ThreadedTransfer.cpp, Line 268 Pipe memory size 83836800 10:43:16 AM #21 Text 0 File Cdrdrv.cpp, Line 1405 10:43:16.806 - G: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N : Queue again later 10:43:42 AM #22 SPTI -1502 File SCSIPassThrough.cpp, Line 181 CdRom1: SCSIStatus(x02) WinError(0) NeroError(-1502) Sense Key: 0x04 (KEY_HARDWARE_ERROR) Nero Report 2 Nero Burning ROM Sense Code: 0x08 Sense Qual: 0x03 CDB Data: 0x2A 00 00 00 4D 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 Sense Area: 0x70 00 04 00 00 00 00 10 53 29 A1 80 08 03 Buffer x0c7d9a40: Len x10000 0xDC 87 EB 41 6E AC 61 5A 07 B2 DB 78 B5 D4 D9 24 0x8D BC 51 38 46 56 0F EE 16 15 5C 5B E3 B0 10 16 0x14 B1 C3 6E 30 2B C4 78 15 AB D5 92 09 B7 81 23 10:43:42 AM #23 CDR -1502 File Writer.cpp, Line 306 DMA-driver error, CRC error G: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H12N 10:43:55 AM #24 Phase 38 File dlgbrnst.cpp, Line 1767 Burn process failed at 48x (7,200 KB/s) 10:43:55 AM #25 Text 0 File SCSIPTICommands.cpp, Line 287 SPTIDismountVolume - completed successfully for FSCTL_DISMOUNT_VOLUME 10:44:01 AM #26 Text 0 File Cdrdrv.cpp, Line 11412 DriveLocker: UnLockVolume completed 10:44:01 AM #27 Text 0 File SCSIPTICommands.cpp, Line 450 UnLockMCN - completed sucessfully for IOCTL_STORAGE_MCN_CONTROL Existing drivers: Registry Keys: HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\WinLogon Nero Report 3

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• Secondary DHCP server won't start on Centos 6.2

  - by Slowjoe

  I'm trying to create a backup DHCP server. Server times are in sync. Primary server starts fine. Secondary server won't start. Error from /var/log/messages is: Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: Copyright 2004-2010 Internet Systems Consortium. Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: All rights reserved. Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/ Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf line 25: invalid statement in peer declaration Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: #011max-response-default Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: ^ Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf line 41: failover peer dhcp-failover: not found Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: failover peer "dhcp-failover" Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: ^ Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf line 49: failover peer dhcp-failover: not found Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: failover peer "dhcp-failover" Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: ^ Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: WARNING: Host declarations are global. They are not limited to the scope you declared them in. Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf line 70: failover peer dhcp-failover: not found Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: failover peer "dhcp-failover" Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: ^ Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf line 78: failover peer dhcp-failover: not found Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: failover peer "dhcp-failover" Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: ^ Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: Configuration file errors encountered -- exiting Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: This version of ISC DHCP is based on the release available Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: on ftp.isc.org. Features have been added and other changes Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: have been made to the base software release in order to make Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: it work better with this distribution. Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: Please report for this software via the CentOS Bugs Database: Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: http://bugs.centos.org/ Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: Sep 15 14:47:45 stream dhcpd: exiting. Config file contents: # DHCP Server Configuration file. # see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample # see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf' # option domain-name "eng.foo.com"; option domain-name-servers ns0.eng.foo.com, ns1.eng.foo.com; option ntp-servers ntp.eng.foo.com; #option time-servers ntp.eng.foo.com; default-lease-time 3600; max-lease-time 7200; authoritative; log-facility local7; failover peer "dhcp-failover" { secondary; address 10.0.1.70; port 647; peer address 10.0.1.11; peer port 647; max-response-default 30; max-unacked-updates 10; load balance max seconds 3; } # # Management subnet # subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option broadcast-address 10.0.0.255; option routers 10.0.0.1; option domain-search "eng.foo.com", "foo.com"; # Unknown clients get this pool pool { failover peer "dhcp-failover"; max-lease-time 300; range 10.0.0.240 10.0.0.249; allow unknown-clients; } # Known clients get this pool pool { failover peer "dhcp-failover"; max-lease-time 28800; range 10.0.0.150 10.0.0.199; deny unknown-clients; } include "/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf-engmgmt"; } # # Data subnet # subnet 10.0.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option broadcast-address 10.0.1.255; option routers 10.0.1.1; option domain-search "eng.foo.com", "foo.com"; # Unknown clients get this pool pool { failover peer "dhcp-failover"; max-lease-time 300; range 10.0.1.240 10.0.1.249; allow unknown-clients; } # Known clients get this pool pool { failover peer "dhcp-failover"; max-lease-time 28800; range 10.0.1.150 10.0.1.199; deny unknown-clients; } # For centos network installs if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 8) = "anaconda" { filename "/autohome/distro/ks/"; next-server eng-data.eng.foo.com; } # For PXE network installs if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient" { filename "pxelinux.0"; next-server eng-data.eng.foo.com; } # For KVM PXE network installs if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "Etherboot" { filename "pxelinux.0"; next-server eng-data.eng.foo.com; } include "/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf-engdata"; }

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• Two network interfaces and two IP addresses on the same subnet in Linux

  - by Scott Duckworth

  I recently ran into a situation where I needed two IP addresses on the same subnet assigned to one Linux host so that we could run two SSL/TLS sites. My first approach was to use IP aliasing, e.g. using eth0:0, eth0:1, etc, but our network admins have some fairly strict settings in place for security that squashed this idea: They use DHCP snooping and normally don't allow static IP addresses. Static addressing is accomplished by using static DHCP entries, so the same MAC address always gets the same IP assignment. This feature can be disabled per switchport if you ask and you have a reason for it (thankfully I have a good relationship with the network guys and this isn't hard to do). With the DHCP snooping disabled on the switchport, they had to put in a rule on the switch that said MAC address X is allowed to have IP address Y. Unfortunately this had the side effect of also saying that MAC address X is ONLY allowed to have IP address Y. IP aliasing required that MAC address X was assigned two IP addresses, so this didn't work. There may have been a way around these issues on the switch configuration, but in an attempt to preserve good relations with the network admins I tried to find another way. Having two network interfaces seemed like the next logical step. Thankfully this Linux system is a virtual machine, so I was able to easily add a second network interface (without rebooting, I might add - pretty cool). A few keystrokes later I had two network interfaces up and running and both pulled IP addresses from DHCP. But then the problem came in: the network admins could see (on the switch) the ARP entry for both interfaces, but only the first network interface that I brought up would respond to pings or any sort of TCP or UDP traffic. After lots of digging and poking, here's what I came up with. It seems to work, but it also seems to be a lot of work for something that seems like it should be simple. Any alternate ideas out there? Step 1: Enable ARP filtering on all interfaces: # sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter=1 # echo "net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf From the file networking/ip-sysctl.txt in the Linux kernel docs: arp_filter - BOOLEAN 1 - Allows you to have multiple network interfaces on the same subnet, and have the ARPs for each interface be answered based on whether or not the kernel would route a packet from the ARP'd IP out that interface (therefore you must use source based routing for this to work). In other words it allows control of which cards (usually 1) will respond to an arp request. 0 - (default) The kernel can respond to arp requests with addresses from other interfaces. This may seem wrong but it usually makes sense, because it increases the chance of successful communication. IP addresses are owned by the complete host on Linux, not by particular interfaces. Only for more complex setups like load- balancing, does this behaviour cause problems. arp_filter for the interface will be enabled if at least one of conf/{all,interface}/arp_filter is set to TRUE, it will be disabled otherwise Step 2: Implement source-based routing I basically just followed directions from http://lartc.org/howto/lartc.rpdb.multiple-links.html, although that page was written with a different goal in mind (dealing with two ISPs). Assume that the subnet is 10.0.0.0/24, the gateway is 10.0.0.1, the IP address for eth0 is 10.0.0.100, and the IP address for eth1 is 10.0.0.101. Define two new routing tables named eth0 and eth1 in /etc/iproute2/rt_tables: ... top of file omitted ... 1 eth0 2 eth1 Define the routes for these two tables: # ip route add default via 10.0.0.1 table eth0 # ip route add default via 10.0.0.1 table eth1 # ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0 src 10.0.0.100 table eth0 # ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth1 src 10.0.0.101 table eth1 Define the rules for when to use the new routing tables: # ip rule add from 10.0.0.100 table eth0 # ip rule add from 10.0.0.101 table eth1 The main routing table was already taken care of by DHCP (and it's not even clear that its strictly necessary in this case), but it basically equates to this: # ip route add default via 10.0.0.1 dev eth0 # ip route add 130.127.48.0/23 dev eth0 src 10.0.0.100 # ip route add 130.127.48.0/23 dev eth1 src 10.0.0.101 And voila! Everything seems to work just fine. Sending pings to both IP addresses works fine. Sending pings from this system to other systems and forcing the ping to use a specific interface works fine (ping -I eth0 10.0.0.1, ping -I eth1 10.0.0.1). And most importantly, all TCP and UDP traffic to/from either IP address works as expected. So again, my question is: is there a better way to do this? This seems like a lot of work for a seemingly simple problem.

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• Xen DomU on DRBD device: barrier errors

  - by Halfgaar

  I'm testing setting up a Xen DomU with a DRBD storage for easy failover. Most of the time, immediatly after booting the DomU, I get an IO error: [ 3.153370] EXT3-fs (xvda2): using internal journal [ 3.277115] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team [ 3.336014] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (3899 buckets, 15596 max) [ 3.515604] init: failsafe main process (397) killed by TERM signal [ 3.801589] blkfront: barrier: write xvda2 op failed [ 3.801597] blkfront: xvda2: barrier or flush: disabled [ 3.801611] end_request: I/O error, dev xvda2, sector 52171168 [ 3.801630] end_request: I/O error, dev xvda2, sector 52171168 [ 3.801642] Buffer I/O error on device xvda2, logical block 6521396 [ 3.801652] lost page write due to I/O error on xvda2 [ 3.801755] Aborting journal on device xvda2. [ 3.804415] EXT3-fs (xvda2): error: ext3_journal_start_sb: Detected aborted journal [ 3.804434] EXT3-fs (xvda2): error: remounting filesystem read-only [ 3.814754] journal commit I/O error [ 6.973831] init: udev-fallback-graphics main process (538) terminated with status 1 [ 6.992267] init: plymouth-splash main process (546) terminated with status 1 The manpage of drbdsetup says that LVM (which I use) doesn't support barriers (better known as tagged command queuing or native command queing), so I configured the drbd device not to use barriers. This can be seen in /proc/drbd (by "wo:f, meaning flush, the next method drbd chooses after barrier): 3: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r---- ns:2160152 nr:520204 dw:2680344 dr:2678107 al:3549 bm:9183 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0 And on the other host: 3: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r---- ns:0 nr:2160152 dw:2160152 dr:0 al:0 bm:8052 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0 I also enabled the option disable_sendpage, as per the drbd docs: cat /sys/module/drbd/parameters/disable_sendpage Y I also tried adding barriers=0 to fstab as mount option. Still it sometimes says: [ 58.603896] blkfront: barrier: write xvda2 op failed [ 58.603903] blkfront: xvda2: barrier or flush: disabled I don't even know if ext3 has a nobarrier option. And, because only one of my storage systems is battery backed, it would not be smart anyway. Why does it still compain about barriers when I disabled that? Both host are: Debian: 6.0.4 uname -a: Linux 2.6.32-5-xen-amd64 drbd: 8.3.7 Xen: 4.0.1 Guest: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS uname -a: Linux 3.2.0-24-generic pvops drbd resource: resource drbdvm { meta-disk internal; device /dev/drbd3; startup { # The timeout value when the last known state of the other side was available. 0 means infinite. wfc-timeout 0; # Timeout value when the last known state was disconnected. 0 means infinite. degr-wfc-timeout 180; } syncer { # This is recommended only for low-bandwidth lines, to only send those # blocks which really have changed. #csums-alg md5; # Set to about half your net speed rate 60M; # It seems that this option moved to the 'net' section in drbd 8.4. (later release than Debian has currently) verify-alg md5; } net { # The manpage says this is recommended only in pre-production (because of its performance), to determine # if your LAN card has a TCP checksum offloading bug. #data-integrity-alg md5; } disk { # Detach causes the device to work over-the-network-only after the # underlying disk fails. Detach is not default for historical reasons, but is # recommended by the docs. # However, the Debian defaults in drbd.conf suggest the machine will reboot in that event... on-io-error detach; # LVM doesn't support barriers, so disabling it. It will revert to flush. Check wo: in /proc/drbd. If you don't disable it, you get IO errors. no-disk-barrier; } on host1 { # universe is a VG disk /dev/universe/drbdvm-disk; address 10.0.0.1:7792; } on host2 { # universe is a VG disk /dev/universe/drbdvm-disk; address 10.0.0.2:7792; } } DomU cfg: bootloader = '/usr/lib/xen-default/bin/pygrub' vcpus = '2' memory = '512' # # Disk device(s). # root = '/dev/xvda2 ro' disk = [ 'phy:/dev/drbd3,xvda2,w', 'phy:/dev/universe/drbdvm-swap,xvda1,w', ] # # Hostname # name = 'drbdvm' # # Networking # # fake IP for posting vif = [ 'ip=1.2.3.4,mac=00:16:3E:22:A8:A7' ] # # Behaviour # on_poweroff = 'destroy' on_reboot = 'restart' on_crash = 'restart' In my test setup: the primary host's storage is 9650SE SATA-II RAID PCIe with battery. The secondary is software RAID1. Isn't DRBD+Xen widely used? With these problems, it's not going to work.

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• System halts for a fraction of second after every 2-3 seconds

  - by iSam

  I'm using Windows 7 on my HP ProBook 4250s. The problem I face is that my system halts for a fraction of second after every 2-3 seconds. These jerks are not letting me concentrate or work properly. This happens even when I'm just typing in notepad while no other application is running. I tried to install every driver from HP's website and there's no item in device manager marked with yellow icon. Following are my system specs: Machine: HP ProBook 4250s OS: Windows 7 professional RAM: 2GB Processor: Intel Core i3 2.27GHz Following is my HijackThis Log: **Logfile of HijackThis v1.99.1** Scan saved at 9:34:03 PM, on 11/13/2012 Platform: Unknown Windows (WinNT 6.01.3504) MSIE: Internet Explorer v9.00 (9.00.8112.16450) **Running processes:** C:\Windows\system32\taskhost.exe C:\Windows\System32\rundll32.exe C:\Windows\system32\Dwm.exe C:\Windows\Explorer.EXE C:\Windows\System32\igfxtray.exe C:\Windows\System32\hkcmd.exe C:\Windows\System32\igfxpers.exe C:\Program Files\Synaptics\SynTP\SynTPEnh.exe C:\Program Files\PowerISO\PWRISOVM.EXE C:\Program Files\AVAST Software\Avast\AvastUI.exe C:\Program Files\Free Download Manager\fdm.exe C:\Windows\system32\wuauclt.exe C:\Program Files\Windows Media Player\wmplayer.exe C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office12\WINWORD.EXE C:\HijackThis\HijackThis.exe R1 - HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main,Search Page = http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=54896 R0 - HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main,Start Page = http://bing.com/ R1 - HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main,Default_Page_URL = http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=69157 R1 - HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main,Default_Search_URL = http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=54896 R1 - HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main,Search Page = http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=54896 R0 - HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main,Start Page = http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=69157 R0 - HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Search,SearchAssistant = R0 - HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Search,CustomizeSearch = R0 - HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Toolbar,LinksFolderName = R3 - URLSearchHook: (no name) - {7473b6bd-4691-4744-a82b-7854eb3d70b6} - (no file) O2 - BHO: Adobe PDF Reader Link Helper - {06849E9F-C8D7-4D59-B87D-784B7D6BE0B3} - C:\Program Files\Common Files\Adobe\Acrobat\ActiveX\AcroIEHelper.dll O2 - BHO: Babylon toolbar helper - {2EECD738-5844-4a99-B4B6-146BF802613B} - (no file) O2 - BHO: MrFroggy - {856E12B5-22D7-4E22-9ACA-EA9A008DD65B} - C:\Program Files\Minibar\Froggy.dll O2 - BHO: avast! WebRep - {8E5E2654-AD2D-48bf-AC2D-D17F00898D06} - C:\Program Files\AVAST Software\Avast\aswWebRepIE.dll O2 - BHO: Windows Live ID Sign-in Helper - {9030D464-4C02-4ABF-8ECC-5164760863C6} - C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Windows Live\WindowsLiveLogin.dll O2 - BHO: Minibar BHO - {AA74D58F-ACD0-450D-A85E-6C04B171C044} - C:\Program Files\Minibar\Kango.dll O2 - BHO: Free Download Manager - {CC59E0F9-7E43-44FA-9FAA-8377850BF205} - C:\Program Files\Free Download Manager\iefdm2.dll O2 - BHO: HP Network Check Helper - {E76FD755-C1BA-4DCB-9F13-99BD91223ADE} - C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\HP Support Framework\Resources\HPNetworkCheck\HPNetworkCheckPlugin.dll O3 - Toolbar: (no name) - {98889811-442D-49dd-99D7-DC866BE87DBC} - (no file) O3 - Toolbar: avast! WebRep - {8E5E2654-AD2D-48bf-AC2D-D17F00898D06} - C:\Program Files\AVAST Software\Avast\aswWebRepIE.dll O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [IgfxTray] C:\Windows\system32\igfxtray.exe O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [HotKeysCmds] C:\Windows\system32\hkcmd.exe O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [Persistence] C:\Windows\system32\igfxpers.exe O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [SynTPEnh] %ProgramFiles%\Synaptics\SynTP\SynTPEnh.exe O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [PWRISOVM.EXE] C:\Program Files\PowerISO\PWRISOVM.EXE -startup O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [AdobeAAMUpdater-1.0] "C:\Program Files\Common Files\Adobe\OOBE\PDApp\UWA\UpdaterStartupUtility.exe" O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [AdobeCS6ServiceManager] "C:\Program Files\Common Files\Adobe\CS6ServiceManager\CS6ServiceManager.exe" -launchedbylogin O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [SwitchBoard] C:\Program Files\Common Files\Adobe\SwitchBoard\SwitchBoard.exe O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [ROC_roc_ssl_v12] "C:\Program Files\AVG Secure Search\ROC_roc_ssl_v12.exe" / /PROMPT /CMPID=roc_ssl_v12 O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [avast] "C:\Program Files\AVAST Software\Avast\avastUI.exe" /nogui O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [Wordinn English to Urdu Dictionary] "C:\Program Files\Wordinn\Urdu Dictionary\bin\Lugat.exe" -h O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [Adobe Reader Speed Launcher] "C:\Program Files\Adobe\Reader 8.0\Reader\Reader_sl.exe" O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [Comparator Fast] "C:\Program Files\Interdesigner Software\Comparator Fast\ComparatorFast.exe" /STARTUP O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [Free Download Manager] "C:\Program Files\Free Download Manager\fdm.exe" -autorun O8 - Extra context menu item: Download all with Free Download Manager - file://C:\Program Files\Free Download Manager\dlall.htm O8 - Extra context menu item: Download selected with Free Download Manager - file://C:\Program Files\Free Download Manager\dlselected.htm O8 - Extra context menu item: Download video with Free Download Manager - file://C:\Program Files\Free Download Manager\dlfvideo.htm O8 - Extra context menu item: Download with Free Download Manager - file://C:\Program Files\Free Download Manager\dllink.htm O8 - Extra context menu item: E&xport to Microsoft Excel - res://C:\PROGRA~1\MICROS~2\Office12\EXCEL.EXE/3000 O9 - Extra button: @C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\HP Support Framework\Resources\HPNetworkCheck\HPNetworkCheckPlugin.dll,-103 - {25510184-5A38-4A99-B273-DCA8EEF6CD08} - C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\HP Support Framework\Resources\HPNetworkCheck\NCLauncherFromIE.exe O9 - Extra 'Tools' menuitem: @C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\HP Support Framework\Resources\HPNetworkCheck\HPNetworkCheckPlugin.dll,-102 - {25510184-5A38-4A99-B273-DCA8EEF6CD08} - C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\HP Support Framework\Resources\HPNetworkCheck\NCLauncherFromIE.exe O9 - Extra button: Research - {92780B25-18CC-41C8-B9BE-3C9C571A8263} - C:\PROGRA~1\MICROS~2\Office12\REFIEBAR.DLL O9 - Extra button: Change your facebook look - {AAA38851-3CFF-475F-B5E0-720D3645E4A5} - C:\Program Files\Minibar\MinibarButton.dll O10 - Unknown file in Winsock LSP: c:\windows\system32\nlaapi.dll O10 - Unknown file in Winsock LSP: c:\windows\system32\napinsp.dll O10 - Unknown file in Winsock LSP: c:\program files\common files\microsoft shared\windows live\wlidnsp.dll O10 - Unknown file in Winsock LSP: c:\program files\common files\microsoft shared\windows live\wlidnsp.dll O11 - Options group: [ACCELERATED_GRAPHICS] Accelerated graphics O11 - Options group: [INTERNATIONAL] International O13 - Gopher Prefix: O17 - HKLM\System\CCS\Services\Tcpip\..\{920289D7-5F75-4181-9A37-5627EAA163E3}: NameServer = 8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4 O17 - HKLM\System\CCS\Services\Tcpip\..\{AE83ED2F-EF14-4066-ACE2-C4ED07A68EAA}: NameServer = 9.9.9.9,8.8.8.8 O18 - Protocol: ms-help - {314111C7-A502-11D2-BBCA-00C04F8EC294} - C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Help\hxds.dll O18 - Protocol: skype4com - {FFC8B962-9B40-4DFF-9458-1830C7DD7F5D} - C:\PROGRA~1\COMMON~1\Skype\SKYPE4~1.DLL O18 - Protocol: wlpg - {E43EF6CD-A37A-4A9B-9E6F-83F89B8E6324} - C:\Program Files\Windows Live\Photo Gallery\AlbumDownloadProtocolHandler.dll O18 - Filter hijack: text/xml - {807563E5-5146-11D5-A672-00B0D022E945} - C:\PROGRA~1\COMMON~1\MICROS~1\OFFICE12\MSOXMLMF.DLL O20 - AppInit_DLLs: c:\progra~2\browse~1\23787~1.43\{16cdf~1\browse~1.dll c:\progra~2\browse~1\22630~1.40\{16cdf~1\browse~1.dll O20 - Winlogon Notify: igfxcui - C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\igfxdev.dll O23 - Service: avast! Antivirus - AVAST Software - C:\Program Files\AVAST Software\Avast\AvastSvc.exe O23 - Service: Google Software Updater (gusvc) - Google - C:\Program Files\Google\Common\Google Updater\GoogleUpdaterService.exe O23 - Service: HP Support Assistant Service - Hewlett-Packard Company - C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\HP Support Framework\hpsa_service.exe O23 - Service: HP Quick Synchronization Service (HPDrvMntSvc.exe) - Hewlett-Packard Company - C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\Shared\HPDrvMntSvc.exe O23 - Service: HP Software Framework Service (hpqwmiex) - Hewlett-Packard Company - C:\Program Files\Hewlett-Packard\Shared\hpqWmiEx.exe O23 - Service: HP Service (hpsrv) - Hewlett-Packard Company - C:\Windows\system32\Hpservice.exe O23 - Service: Intel(R) Management and Security Application Local Management Service (LMS) - Intel Corporation - C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\LMS\LMS.exe O23 - Service: Mozilla Maintenance Service (MozillaMaintenance) - Mozilla Foundation - C:\Program Files\Mozilla Maintenance Service\maintenanceservice.exe O23 - Service: @%SystemRoot%\system32\qwave.dll,-1 (QWAVE) - Unknown owner - %windir%\system32\svchost.exe (file missing) O23 - Service: @%SystemRoot%\system32\seclogon.dll,-7001 (seclogon) - Unknown owner - %windir%\system32\svchost.exe (file missing) O23 - Service: Skype Updater (SkypeUpdate) - Skype Technologies - C:\Program Files\Skype\Updater\Updater.exe O23 - Service: Adobe SwitchBoard (SwitchBoard) - Adobe Systems Incorporated - C:\Program Files\Common Files\Adobe\SwitchBoard\SwitchBoard.exe O23 - Service: Intel(R) Management & Security Application User Notification Service (UNS) - Intel Corporation - C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\UNS\UNS.exe O23 - Service: @%PROGRAMFILES%\Windows Media Player\wmpnetwk.exe,-101 (WMPNetworkSvc) - Unknown owner - %PROGRAMFILES%\Windows Media Player\wmpnetwk.exe (file missing)

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• Performance required to improve Windows Experience Index?

  - by Ian Boyd

  Is there a guide on the metrics required to obtain a certain Windows Experience Index? A Microsoft guy said in January 2009: On the matter of transparency, it is indeed our plan to disclose in great detail how the scores are calculated, what the tests attempt to measure, why, and how they map to realistic scenarios and usage patterns. Has that amount of transparency happened? Is there a technet article somewhere? If my score was limited by my Memory subscore of 5.9. A nieve person would suggest: Buy a faster RAM Which is wrong of course. From the Windows help: If your computer has a 64-bit central processing unit (CPU) and 4 gigabytes (GB) or less random access memory (RAM), then the Memory (RAM) subscore for your computer will have a maximum of 5.9. You can buy the fastest, overclocked, liquid-cooled, DDR5 RAM on the planet; you'll still have a maximum Memory subscore of 5.9. So in general the knee-jerk advice "buy better stuff" is not helpful. What i am looking for is attributes required to achieve a certain score, or move beyond a current limitation. The information i've been able to compile so far, chiefly from 3 Windows blog entries, and an article: Memory subscore Score Conditions ======= ================================ 1.0 < 256 MB 2.0 < 500 MB 2.9 <= 512 MB 3.5 < 704 MB 3.9 < 944 MB 4.5 <= 1.5 GB 5.9 < 4.0GB-64MB on a 64-bit OS Windows Vista highest score 7.9 Windows 7 highest score Graphics Subscore Score Conditions ======= ====================== 1.0 doesn't support DX9 1.9 doesn't support WDDM 4.9 does not support Pixel Shader 3.0 5.9 doesn't support DX10 or WDDM1.1 Windows Vista highest score 7.9 Windows 7 highest score Gaming graphics subscore Score Result ======= ============================= 1.0 doesn't support D3D 2.0 supports D3D9, DX9 and WDDM 5.9 doesn't support DX10 or WDDM1.1 Windows Vista highest score 6.0-6.9 good framerates (e.g. 40-50fps) at normal resoltuions (e.g. 1280x1024) 7.0-7.9 even higher framerates at even higher resolutions 7.9 Windows 7 highest score Processor subscore Score Conditions ======= ========================================================================== 5.9 Windows Vista highest score 6.0-6.9 many quad core processors will be able to score in the high 6 low 7 ranges 7.0+ many quad core processors will be able to score in the high 6 low 7 ranges 7.9 8-core systems will be able to approach 8.9 Windows 7 highest score Primary hard disk subscore (note) Score Conditions ======= ======================================== 1.9 Limit for pathological drives that stop responding when pending writes 2.0 Limit for pathological drives that stop responding when pending writes 2.9 Limit for pathological drives that stop responding when pending writes 3.0 Limit for pathological drives that stop responding when pending writes 5.9 highest you're likely to see without SSD Windows Vista highest score 7.9 Windows 7 highest score Bonus Chatter You can find your WEI detailed test results in: C:\Windows\Performance\WinSAT\DataStore e.g. 2011-11-06 01.00.19.482 Disk.Assessment (Recent).WinSAT.xml <WinSAT> <WinSPR> <DiskScore>5.9</DiskScore> </WinSPR> <Metrics> <DiskMetrics> <AvgThroughput units="MB/s" score="6.4" ioSize="65536" kind="Sequential Read">89.95188</AvgThroughput> <AvgThroughput units="MB/s" score="4.0" ioSize="16384" kind="Random Read">1.58000</AvgThroughput> <Responsiveness Reason="UnableToAssess" Kind="Cap">TRUE</Responsiveness> </DiskMetrics> </Metrics> </WinSAT> Pre-emptive snarky comment: "WEI is useless, it has no relation to reality" Fine, how do i increase my hard-drive's random I/O throughput? Update - Amount of memory limits rating Some people don't believe Microsoft's statement that having less than 4GB of RAM on a 64-bit edition of Windows doesn't limit the rating to 5.9: And from xxx.Formal.Assessment (Recent).WinSAT.xml: <WinSPR> <LimitsApplied> <MemoryScore> <LimitApplied Friendly="Physical memory available to the OS is less than 4.0GB-64MB on a 64-bit OS : limit mem score to 5.9" Relation="LT">4227858432</LimitApplied> </MemoryScore> </LimitsApplied> </WinSPR> References Windows Vista Team Blog: Windows Experience Index: An In-Depth Look Understand and improve your computer's performance in Windows Vista Engineering Windows 7 Blog: Engineering the Windows 7 “Windows Experience Index”

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• Unable to access intel fake RAID 1 array in Fedora 14 after reboot

  - by Sim

  Hello everyone, 1st I am relatively new to linux (but not to *nix). I have 4 disks assembled in the following intel ahci bios fake raid arrays: 2x320GB RAID1 - used for operating systems md126 2x1TB RAID1 - used for data md125 I have used the raid of size 320GB to install my operating system and the second raid I didn't even select during the installation of Fedora 14. After successful partitioning and installation of Fedora, I tried to make the second array available, it was possible to make it visible in linux with mdadm --assembe --scan , after that I created one maximum size partition and 1 maximum size ext4 filesystem in it. Mounted, and used it. After restart - a few I/O errors during boot regarding md125 + inability to mount the filesystem on it and dropped into repair shell. I commented the filesystem in fstab and it booted. To my surprise, the array was marked as "auto read only": [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md125 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdc[1] sdd[0] 976759808 blocks super external:/md127/0 [2/2] [UU] md127 : inactive sdc[1](S) sdd[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm md126 : active raid1 sda[1] sdb[0] 312566784 blocks super external:/md1/0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : inactive sdb[1](S) sda[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm unused devices: <none> [root@localhost ~]# and the partition in it was not available as device special file in /dev: [root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/md125* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 9, 125 Jan 6 15:50 /dev/md125 [root@localhost ~]# But the partition is there according to fdisk: [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/md125 Disk /dev/md125: 1000.2 GB, 1000202043392 bytes 19 heads, 10 sectors/track, 10281682 cylinders, total 1953519616 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1b238ea9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/md125p1 2048 1953519615 976758784 83 Linux [root@localhost ~]# I tried to "activate" the array in different ways (I'm not experienced with mdadm and the man page is gigantic so I was only browsing it looking for my answer) but it was impossible - the array would still stay in "auto read only" and the device special file for the partition it will not be in /dev. It was only after I recreated the partition via fdisk that it reappeared in /dev... until next reboot. So, my question is - How do I make the array automatically available after reboot? Here is some additional information: 1st I am able to see the UUID of the array in blkid: [root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdc: UUID="b9a1149f-ae11-4fc8-a600-0d77354dc42a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" /dev/sdd: UUID="b9a1149f-ae11-4fc8-a600-0d77354dc42a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" /dev/md126p1: UUID="60C8D9A7C8D97C2A" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/md126p2: UUID="3d1b38a3-b469-4b7c-b016-8abfb26a5d7d" TYPE="ext4" /dev/md126p3: UUID="1Msqqr-AAF8-k0wi-VYnq-uWJU-y0OD-uIFBHL" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/mapper/vg00-rootlv: LABEL="_Fedora-14-x86_6" UUID="34cc1cf5-6845-4489-8303-7a90c7663f0a" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-swaplv: UUID="4644d857-e13b-456c-ac03-6f26299c1046" TYPE="swap" /dev/mapper/vg00-homelv: UUID="82bd58b2-edab-4b4b-aec4-b79595ecd0e3" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-varlv: UUID="1b001444-5fdd-41b6-a59a-9712ec6def33" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-tmplv: UUID="bf7d2459-2b35-4a1c-9b81-d4c4f24a9842" TYPE="ext4" /dev/md125: UUID="b9a1149f-ae11-4fc8-a600-0d77354dc42a" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" /dev/sda: TYPE="isw_raid_member" /dev/md125p1: UUID="420adfdd-6c4e-4552-93f0-2608938a4059" TYPE="ext4" [root@localhost ~]# Here is how /etc/mdadm.conf looks like: [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf # mdadm.conf written out by anaconda MAILADDR root AUTO +imsm +1.x -all ARRAY /dev/md1 UUID=89f60dee:e46a251f:7475814b:d4cc19a9 ARRAY /dev/md126 UUID=a8775c90:cee66376:5310fc13:63bcba5b ARRAY /dev/md125 UUID=b9a1149f:ae114fc8:a6000d77:354dc42a [root@localhost ~]# here is how /proc/mdstat looks like after I recreate the partition in the array so that it becomes available: [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md125 : active raid1 sdc[1] sdd[0] 976759808 blocks super external:/md127/0 [2/2] [UU] md127 : inactive sdc[1](S) sdd[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm md126 : active raid1 sda[1] sdb[0] 312566784 blocks super external:/md1/0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : inactive sdb[1](S) sda[0](S) 4514 blocks super external:imsm unused devices: <none> [root@localhost ~]# Detailed output regarding the array in subject: [root@localhost ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md125 /dev/md125: Container : /dev/md127, member 0 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 976759808 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 976759940 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Update Time : Fri Jan 7 00:38:00 2011 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 30ebc3c2:b6a64751:4758d05c:fa8ff782 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 1 8 32 0 active sync /dev/sdc 0 8 48 1 active sync /dev/sdd [root@localhost ~]# and /etc/fstab, with /data commented (the filesystem that is on this array): # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Jan 6 03:32:40 2011 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/vg00-rootlv / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=3d1b38a3-b469-4b7c-b016-8abfb26a5d7d /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 #UUID=420adfdd-6c4e-4552-93f0-2608938a4059 /data ext4 defaults 0 1 /dev/mapper/vg00-homelv /home ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg00-tmplv /tmp ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg00-varlv /var ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg00-swaplv swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 [root@localhost ~]# Thanks in advance to everyone that even read this whole issue :-)

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• Can someone explain the "use-cases" for the default munin graphs?

  - by exhuma

  When installing munin, it activates a default set of plugins (at least on ubuntu). Alternatively, you can simply run munin-node-configure to figure out which plugins are supported on your system. Most of these plugins plot straight-forward data. My question is not to explain the nature of the data (well... maybe for some) but what is it that you look for in these graphs? It is easy to install munin and see fancy graphs. But having the graphs and not being able to "read" them renders them totally useless. I am going to list standard plugins which are enabled by default on my system. So it's going to be a long list. For completeness, I am also going to list plugins which I think to understand and give a short explanation as to what I think it's used for. Pleas correct if I am wrong with any of them. So let me split this questions in three parts: Plugins where I don't even understand the data Plugins where I understand the data but don't know what I should look out for Plugins which I think to understand Plugins where I don't even understand the data These may contain questions that are not necessarily aimed at munin alone. Not understanding the data usually mean a gap in fundamental knowledge on operating systems/hardware.... ;) Feel free to respond with a "giyf" answer. These are plugins where I can only guess what's going on... I hardly want to look at these "guessing"... Disk IOs per device (IOs/second)What's an IO. I know it stands for input/output. But that's as far as it goes. Disk latency per device (Average IO wait)Not a clue what an "IO wait" is... IO Service TimeThis one is a huge mess, and it's near impossible to see something in the graph at all. Plugins where I understand the data but don't know what I should look out for IOStat (blocks/second read/written)I assume, the thing to look out for in here are spikes? Which would mean that the device is in heavy use? Available entropy (bytes)I assume that this is important for random number generation? Why would I graph this? So far the value has always been near constant. VMStat (running/I/O sleep processes)What's the difference between this one and the "processes" graph? Both show running/sleeping processes, whereas the "Processes" graph seems to have more details. Disk throughput per device (bytes/second read/written) What's thedifference between this one and the "IOStat" graph? inode table usageWhat should I look for in this graph? Plugins which I think to understand I'll be guessing some things here... correct me if I am wrong. Disk usage in percent (percent)How much disk space is used/remaining. As this is approaching 100%, you should consider cleaning up or extend the partition. This is extremely important for the root partition. Firewall Throughput (packets/second)The number of packets passing through the firewall. If this is spiking for a longer period of time, it could be a sign of a DOS attack (or we are simply recieving a large file). It can also give you an idea about your firewall performance. If it's levelling out and you need more "power" you should consider load balancing. If it's levelling out and see a correlation with your CPU load, it could also mean that your hardware is not fast enough. Correlations with disk usage could point to excessive LOG targets in you FW config. eth0 errors (packets in/out)Network errors. If this value is increasing, it could be a sign of faulty hardware. eth0 traffic (bits/second in/out)Raw network traffic. This should correlate with Firewall throughput. number of threadsAn ever-increasing value might point to a process not properly closing threads. Investigate! processesBreakdown of active processes (including sleeping). A quick spike in here might point to a fork-bomb. A slowly, but ever-increasing value might point to an application spawning sub-processes but not properly closing them. Investigate using ps faux. process priorityThis shows the distribution of process priorities. Having only high-priority processes is not of much use. Consider de-prioritizing some. cpu usageFairly straight-forward. If this is spiking, you may have an attack going on, or a process is hogging the CPU. Idf it's slowly increasing and approaching max in normal operations, you should consider upgrading your hardware (or load-balancing). file table usageNumber of actively open files. If this is reaching max, you may have a process opening, but not properly releasing files. load averageShows an summarized value for the system load. Should correlate with CPU usage. Increasing values can come from a number of sources. Look for correlations with other graphs. memory usageA graphical representation of you memory. As long as you have a lot of unused+cache+buffers you are fine. swap in/outShows the activity on your swap partition. This should always be 0. If you see activity on this, you should add more memory to your machine!

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• VFS: file-max limit 1231582 reached

  - by Rick Koshi

  I'm running a Linux 2.6.36 kernel, and I'm seeing some random errors. Things like ls: error while loading shared libraries: libpthread.so.0: cannot open shared object file: Error 23 Yes, my system can't consistently run an 'ls' command. :( I note several errors in my dmesg output: # dmesg | tail [2808967.543203] EXT4-fs (sda3): re-mounted. Opts: (null) [2837776.220605] xv[14450] general protection ip:7f20c20c6ac6 sp:7fff3641b368 error:0 in libpng14.so.14.4.0[7f20c20a9000+29000] [4931344.685302] EXT4-fs (md16): re-mounted. Opts: (null) [4982666.631444] VFS: file-max limit 1231582 reached [4982666.764240] VFS: file-max limit 1231582 reached [4982767.360574] VFS: file-max limit 1231582 reached [4982901.904628] VFS: file-max limit 1231582 reached [4982964.930556] VFS: file-max limit 1231582 reached [4982966.352170] VFS: file-max limit 1231582 reached [4982966.649195] top[31095]: segfault at 14 ip 00007fd6ace42700 sp 00007fff20746530 error 6 in libproc-3.2.8.so[7fd6ace3b000+e000] Obviously, the file-max errors look suspicious, being clustered together and recent. # cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max 1231582 # cat /proc/sys/fs/file-nr 1231712 0 1231582 That also looks a bit odd to me, but the thing is, there's no way I have 1.2 million files open on this system. I'm the only one using it, and it's not visible to anyone outside the local network. # lsof | wc 16046 148253 1882901 # ps -ef | wc 574 6104 44260 I saw some documentation saying: file-max & file-nr: The kernel allocates file handles dynamically, but as yet it doesn't free them again. The value in file-max denotes the maximum number of file- handles that the Linux kernel will allocate. When you get lots of error messages about running out of file handles, you might want to increase this limit. Historically, the three values in file-nr denoted the number of allocated file handles, the number of allocated but unused file handles, and the maximum number of file handles. Linux 2.6 always reports 0 as the number of free file handles -- this is not an error, it just means that the number of allocated file handles exactly matches the number of used file handles. Attempts to allocate more file descriptors than file-max are reported with printk, look for "VFS: file-max limit reached". My first reading of this is that the kernel basically has a built-in file descriptor leak, but I find that very hard to believe. It would imply that any system in active use needs to be rebooted every so often to free up the file descriptors. As I said, I can't believe this would be true, since it's normal to me to have Linux systems stay up for months (even years) at a time. On the other hand, I also can't believe that my nearly-idle system is holding over a million files open. Does anyone have any ideas, either for fixes or further diagnosis? I could, of course, just reboot the system, but I don't want this to be a recurring problem every few weeks. As a stopgap measure, I've quit Firefox, which was accounting for almost 2000 lines of lsof output (!) even though I only had one window open, and now I can run 'ls' again, but I doubt that will fix the problem for long. (edit: Oops, spoke too soon. By the time I finished typing out this question, the symptom was/is back) Thanks in advance for any help. And another update: My system was basically unusable, so I decided I had no option but to reboot. But before I did, I carefully quit one process at a time, checking /proc/sys/fs/file-nr after each termination. I found that, predictably, the number of open files gradually went down as I closed things down. Unfortunately, it wasn't a large effect. Yes, I was able to clear up 5000-10000 open files, but there were still over 1.2 million left. I shut down just about everything. All interactive shells, except for the one ssh I left open to finish closing down, httpd, even nfs service. Basically everything in the process table that wasn't a kernel process, and there were still an appalling number of files apparently left open. After the reboot, I found that /proc/sys/fs/file-nr showed about 2000 files open, which is much more reasonable. Starting up 2 Xvnc sessions as usual, along with the dozen or so monitoring windows I like to keep open, brought the total up to about 4000 files. I can see nothing wrong with that, of course, but I've obviously failed to identify the root cause. I'm still looking for ideas, since I definitely expect it to happen again. And another update, the next day: I watched the system carefully, and discovered that /proc/sys/fs/file-nr showed a growth of about 900 open files per hour. I shut down the system's only NFS client for the night, and the growth stopped. Mind you, it didn't free up the resources, but it did at least stop consuming more. Is this a known bug with NFS? I'll be bringing the NFS client back online today, and I'll narrow it down further. If anyone is familiar with this behavior, feel free to jump in with "Yeah, NFS4 has this problem, go back to NFS3" or something like that.

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