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• What is recursion? -- In plain english.

  - by Christopher Altman

  I hear this word everyday, but cannot give a meaningful, concise, or plain-english answer to what it is. Recursion is defined by the bastian of knowledge as: Recursion in computer science is a method where the solution to a problem depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem.1 The approach can be applied to many types of problems, and is one of the central ideas of computer science.[2] Source Is recursion simply something that repeats itself to get a solution? I am looking for a "Recursion for Dummies" definition, and maybe simple examples. My goal is to be able to understand and explain recursion in my own words. I do not like simply thinking I know the meaning of something because I hear it referenced daily, but have not paused to form my own understanding.

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• Common Programming Jargon

  - by jdk

  What programming terms have you coined (or heard) that have taken off in your own circles (i.e. have heard others repeat it)? It might be within your own team, workplace or garnered greater popularity on the Internet. Write your programming term, word or phrase in bold text followed by an explanation, citation and/or usage example so we can use it in appropriate context. Please no repeats of common jargon already ingrained in the programming culture like: "kludge", "automagically", "cruft", etc. (unless you coined it). Stealing from the comments: "A shared vocabulary is the basis of communication, not just among programmers [...]"

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• GROUP BY ID range?

  - by d0ugal

  Given a data set like this; +-----+---------------------+--------+ | id | date | result | +-----+---------------------+--------+ | 121 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 122 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 123 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 124 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 125 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 126 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 127 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 128 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 129 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 130 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 131 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 132 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 133 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 134 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 135 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 136 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 137 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | | 138 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | 1 | | 139 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | 0 | | 140 | 2009-07-11 13:23:24 | -1 | +-----+---------------------+--------+ How would I go about grouping the results by day 5 records at a time. The above results is part of the live data, there is over 100,000 results rows in the table and its growing. Basically I want to measure the change over time, so want to take a SUM of the result every X records. In the real data I'll be doing it ever 100 or 1000 but for the data above perhaps every 5. If i could sort it by date I would do something like this; SELECT DATE_FORMAT(date, '%h%i') ym, COUNT(result) 'Total Games', SUM(result) as 'Score' FROM nn_log GROUP BY ym; I can't figure out a way of doing something similar with numbers. The order is sorted by the date but I hope to split the data up every x results. It's safe to assume there are no blank rows. Doing it above with the data you could do multiple selects like; SELECT SUM(result) FROM table LIMIT 0,5; SELECT SUM(result) FROM table LIMIT 5,5; SELECT SUM(result) FROM table LIMIT 10,5; Thats obviously not a very good way to scale up to a bigger problem. I could just write a loop but I'd like to reduce the number of queries.

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• View artifacts leaking into the model of MVC

  - by Jono

  In an ASP.NET MVC application (which has very little chance of having its view technology ported to something non-HTML, but whose functional requirements evolve weekly,) how much HTML should ideally be allowed to be directly represented in the Model? I might come across as a design bigot for this, but I regard it as bad practice to allow any view constructs to "leak" into the model in an MVC application (and vice versa). For example, a Model that represents an item you're about to purchase should know nothing about the HTML check box that says "add giftwrap/message", nor should it know about any HTML drop down lists for payment card types. Conversely the View shouldn't be doing work like figuring out button text by translating keys into values (by looking in resource files.)

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• Microsoft sublanguage string to locale identifier

  - by Jacob

  I can't seem to find a way to convert, or find, a local identifier from a sublanguage string. This site shows the mappings: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd318693(v=VS.85).aspx I want the user to enter a sublanguage string, such as "France (FR)" and to get the local identifier from this, which in this case would be 0x0484. Or the other way around, if a user enters 0x0480 then to return French (FR). Has anyone encountered this problem before and can point me in the right direction? Otherwise I'm going to be writing a few mapping statements to hard code it and maintain future releases if anything changes. BTW, I'm coding in C++ for Windows platform. Cheers

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• Usage of closures with multiple arguments in swift

  - by Nilzone-

  This question is largely based on this one: Link The main difference being that I want to pass in arguments to the closure as well. Say I have something like this: func someFunctionThatTakesAClosure(completionClosure: (venues: Dictionary<String, AnyObject>, error: NSError) -> ()) { // function body goes here var error: NSError? let responseDictionary: Dictionary<String, AnyObject> = ["test" : "test2"] completionClosure(venues: responseDictionary, error: error!) } No error here. But when I call this function in my main view controller I have tried several ways but all of the result in different errors: venueService.someFunctionThatTakesAClosure(completionClosure(venues: Dictionary<String, AnyObject>, error: NSError){ }) or like this: venueService.someFunctionThatTakesAClosure((venues: Dictionary<String, AnyObject>, error: NSError){ }) or even like this: venueService.someFunctionThatTakesAClosure(completionClosure: (venues: Dictionary<String, AnyObject>, error: NSError) -> (){ }); I'm probably just way tired, but any help would be greatly appreciated!

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• Any ideas for developing a Risc Processor friendly string allocator?

  - by Richard Fabian

  I'm working on some tools to enable high throughput data-oriented development, and one thing that I've not got an immediate answer for is how you go about allocating strings quickly. On risc processors you've got another problem of implementation that the CPU doesn't like branching, which is what I'm trying to minimise or avoid. Also, cache coherence is important on most CPUs, so that's gotta be influential in the design too. So, how would you go about reducing the overhead for a generic string allocator? Sometimes it's easier to solve a more explicit problem, so any ideas for string sizes of 5-30?

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• C# - Exception messages in English?

  - by Carra

  We are logging any exceptions that happen in our system by writing the Exception.Message to a file. However, they are written in the culture of the client. And Turkish errors don't mean a lot to me. So how can we log any error messages in English without changing the users culture?

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• in google analytics, what is 'ga:accountName' for ?

  - by Chez

  In google analytics, what is 'ga:accountName' for ? it might seem like a straightforward question but I can't find anywhere some documentation which tells me what ga:accountName is supposed to return. if I run the google's code from the java example: private static void getAccountFeed(AnalyticsService analyticsService) throws IOException, MalformedURLException, ServiceException { // Construct query from a string. URL queryUrl = new URL( "https://www.google.com/analytics/feeds/accounts/default?max-results=10"); // Make request to the API. AccountFeed accountFeed = analyticsService.getFeed(queryUrl, AccountFeed.class); // Output the data to the screen. System.out.println("-------- Account Feed Results --------"); for (AccountEntry entry : accountFeed.getEntries()) { System.out.println( "\nAccount Name = " + entry.getProperty("ga:accountName") + "\nProfile Name = " + entry.getTitle().getPlainText() + "\nProfile Id = " + entry.getProperty("ga:profileId") + "\nTable Id = " + entry.getTableId().getValue()); } } it does return my website. can anybody help ? thanks

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• Getters and Setters: Code smell, Necessary Evil, or Can't Live Without Them [closed]

  - by Avery Payne

  Possible Duplicate: Allen Holub wrote “You should never use get/set functions”, is he correct? Is there a good, no, a very good reason, to go through all the trouble of using getters and setters for object-oriented languages? What's wrong with just using a direct reference to a property or method? Is there some kind of "semantical coverup" that people don't want to talk about in polite company? Was I just too tired and fell asleep when someone walked out and said "Thou Shalt Write Copious Amounts of Code to Obtain Getters and Setters"? Follow-up after a year: It seems to be a common occurrence with Java, less so with Python. I'm beginning to wonder if this is more of a cultural phenomena (related to the limitations of the language) rather than "sage advice". The -1 question score is complete for-the-lulz as far as I am concerned. It's interesting that there are specific questions that are downvoted, not because they are "bad questions", but rather, because they hit someone's raw nerve.

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• Getting specific values with regex [JAVA, ANDROID]

  - by David

  I need to knowingly isolate each row of the vcard and get its value. For instance, I want to get "5555" from X-CUSTOMFIELD. So far, my thoughts are: "X-CUSTOMFIELD;\d+" I have been looking at some tutorials and I am a little confused with what function to use? What would my regex above return? Would it give me the whole line or just the numerical part (5555)? I was thinking I i get the whole row, I can use substring to get the digits? BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:2.1 N:Last;First; FN:First Last TEL;HOME;VOICE:111111 TEL;MOBILE;VOICE:222222 X-CUSTOMFIELD;5555 END:VCARD

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• Top tips for designing GUIs?

  - by oxbow_lakes

  A while back I read (before I lost it) a great book called GUI Bloopers which was full of examples of bad GUI design but also full of useful tidbits like Don't call something a Dialog one minute and a Popup the next. What top tips would you give for designing/documenting a GUI? It would be particularly useful to hear about widgets you designed to cram readable information into as little screen real-estate as possible. I'm going to roll this off with one of my own: avoid trees (e.g. Swing's JTree) unless you really can't avoid it, or have a unbounded hierarchy of stuff. I have found that users don't find them intuitive and they are hard to navigate and filter. PS. I think this question differs from this one as I'm asking for generalist tips

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• Where are the new ideas in programming languages?

  - by 0xF

  I've recently been looking into the topic of programming languages and from what I've seen, few to none serious languages try making really "new" things that were not seen before their creation. Why do all more or less successful programming languages since 1980 or so just combine aspects of their predecessors? I just can't believe that programming languages "can't get any better"..

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• creational pattern for instances depending on multiple subclass instances

  - by markusw

  I have a problem, for that I was not able to identify a suitable design pattern. I want to create instances depending on a given type that has been passed to a factory method. What I am doing until now is the following: T create(SuperType x) { if (x instanceof SubType1) { // do some stuff and return a new SubType extends T } else if (x instanceof SubType2) { // do some stuff and return a new SubType extends T } else if ... } else { throw new UnSupportedOperationException("nothing defined for " + x); } } It seems not to be best pratice for me. Has anybody an idea how to solve this in a better way?

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• Dummy SMTP Server for testing apps that send email

  - by Patrick McElhaney

  I have a lot of apps that send email. Sometimes it's one or two messages at a time. Sometimes it's thousands of messages. In development, I usually test by substituting my own address for any recipient addresses. I'm sure that's what everybody else does, until they get fed up with it and find a better solution. I was thinking about creating a dummy SMTP server that just catches the messages and dumps them in a SQLLite database, or an mbox file, or whatever. But surely such a tool already exists? How do you test sending email?

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• What do you do before starting on a project?

  - by hahuang65

  I'm still a pretty new project, and I haven't really worked on any large projects yet. However a few projects for school has shown me something I have never really thought of before. Pre-Project planning. One project we ran into a huge problem at the very last minute, and the other project was not divided up between partners very evenly, such that all the work was actually done at the end. So my question to everyone here is: How do you plan out the project beforehand? Please try to cover the following: Design (draw out UI by hand, UMLs, etc.) Division of Labor Timeline (especially how you estimate how much time is needed for certain things) and anything else you can think of. Thanks for all the help!

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• Why do garbage collectors freeze execution?

  - by Martin

  I was thinking about garbage collection on the way home, and I began wondering, why does the garbage collector totally freeze execution of a program? Personally I would have designed it to block any threads which try to allocate a new object, but threads which were running would be left alone. I can't imagine any situation where this would be a problem compared to how a garbage collector currently works.

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• Where can I learn more about datastructure tricky questions?

  - by Sandbox

  I am relatively new to programming (around 1 year programming C#-winforms). Also, I come from a non CS background (no formal degree) Recently, while being interviewed for a job, I was asked about implementing a queue using a stack. I fumbled and wan't able to answer the question. After, the interview I could do it(had to spend some time). I have learnt (and think that I know it well) basic algorithms in datastructures using the book Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach with C - Richard F. Gilberg (Author) . I want to know about sites/ books which have such questions along with answers. I think this will allow me to develop my CS specific problem solving skills. Any help is appreciated. BOUNTY: I am looking at some blog/website with datastructure and algorithms Q&A.

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• Designing a frontend/backend architecture

  - by wrp

  What are some good information sources on designing programs with a client/server architecture? This is for development of a desktop application, not a Web service. The only books I have found on client/server apps deal with the case of a thin client connecting to a remote database. Two good examples of what I mean are Mathematica and SuperCollider. I'm looking for platform- and language-agnostic discussion of the issues in developing a frontend/backend system. Especially useful topics would be allocation of responsibilities and options for message passing.

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• Can this rectangle to rectangle intersection code still work?

  - by Jeremy Rudd

  I was looking for a fast performing code to test if 2 rectangles are intersecting. A search on the internet came up with this one-liner (WOOT!), but I don't understand how to write it in Javascript, it seems to be written in an ancient form of C++. Can this thing still work? Can you make it work? struct { LONG left; LONG top; LONG right; LONG bottom; } RECT; bool IntersectRect(const RECT * r1, const RECT * r2) { return ! ( r2->left > r1->right || r2->right left || r2->top > r1->bottom || r2->bottom top ); }

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• Ad distribution problem: an optimal solution?

  - by Mokuchan

  I'm asked to find a 2 approximate solution to this problem: You’re consulting for an e-commerce site that receives a large number of visitors each day. For each visitor i, where i € {1, 2 ..... n}, the site has assigned a value v[i], representing the expected revenue that can be obtained from this customer. Each visitor i is shown one of m possible ads A1, A2 ..... An as they enter the site. The site wants a selection of one ad for each customer so that each ad is seen, overall, by a set of customers of reasonably large total weight. Thus, given a selection of one ad for each customer, we will define the spread of this selection to be the minimum, over j = 1, 2 ..... m, of the total weight of all customers who were shown ad Aj. Example Suppose there are six customers with values 3, 4, 12, 2, 4, 6, and there are m = 3 ads. Then, in this instance, one could achieve a spread of 9 by showing ad A1 to customers 1, 2, 4, ad A2 to customer 3, and ad A3 to customers 5 and 6. The ultimate goal is to find a selection of an ad for each customer that maximizes the spread. Unfortunately, this optimization problem is NP-hard (you don’t have to prove this). So instead give a polynomial-time algorithm that approximates the maximum spread within a factor of 2. The solution I found is the following: Order visitors values in descending order Add the next visitor value (i.e. assign the visitor) to the Ad with the current lowest total value Repeat This solution actually seems to always find the optimal solution, or I simply can't find a counterexample. Can you find it? Is this a non-polinomial solution and I just can't see it?

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• What is the difference between a mixin and the decorator pattern?

  - by leeand00

  The Decorator Pattern is dynamic extension-at-runtime of classes. It dynamically forms a is-a relationship. I started to wonder if I was over-complicating my API by using the Decorator Pattern after I got this answer about the difference between a mixin and an abstract class.

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• Finding the maximum weight subsequence of an array of positive integers?

  - by BeeBand

  I'm tring to find the maximum weight subsequence of an array of positive integers - the catch is that no adjacent members are allowed in the final subsequence. The exact same question was asked here, and a recursive solution was given by MarkusQ. He provides an explanation, but can anyone help me understand how he has expanded the function? How does this solution take into consideration non-adjacent members?

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• Opinions on collision detection objects with a moving scene

  - by Evan Teran

  So my question is simple, and I guess it boils down to how anal you want to be about collision detection. To keep things simple, lets assume we're talking about 2D sprites defined by a bounding box. In addition, let's assume that my sprite object has a function to detect collisions like this: S.collidesWith(other); Finally the scene is moving and "walls" in the scene can move, an object may not touch a wall. So a simple implementation might look like this (psuedo code): moveWalls(); moveSprite(); foreach(wall as w) { if(s.collidesWith(w)) { gameover(); } } The problem with this is that if the sprite and wall move towards each other, depending on the circumstances (such as diagonal moment). They may pass though each other (unlikely but could happen). So I may do this instead. moveWalls(); foreach(wall as w) { if(s.collidesWith(w)) { gameover(); } } moveSprite(); foreach(wall as w) { if(s.collidesWith(w)) { gameover(); } } This takes care of the passing through each other issue, but another rare issue comes up. If they are adjacent to each other (literally the next pixel) and both the wall and the sprite are moving left, then I will get an invalid collision since the wall moves, checks for collision (hit) then the sprite is moved. Which seems unfair. In addition, to that, the redundant collision detection feels very inefficient. I could give the player movement priority alleviating the first issue but it is still checking twice. moveSprite(); foreach(wall as w) { if(s.collidesWith(w)) { gameover(); } } moveWalls(); foreach(wall as w) { if(s.collidesWith(w)) { gameover(); } } Am I simply over thinking this issue, should this just be chalked up to "it'll happen rare enough that no one will care"? Certainly looking at old sprite based games, I often find situations where the collision detection has subtle flaws, but I figure by now we can do better :-P. What are people's thoughts?

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• Why does C# allow abstract class with no abstract members?

  - by fatcat1111

  The C# spec, section 10.1.1.1, states: An abstract class is permitted (but not required) to contain abstract members. This allows me to create classes like this: public abstract class A { public void Main() { // it's full of logic! } } This is really a concrete class; it's only abstract in so far as one can't instantiate it. If inheritors don't actually have to provide implementation, then why call it abstract?

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