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• Programming tips for writing document editors?

  - by Tesserex

  I'm asking this because I'm in the process of writing two such editors for my Mega Man engine, one a tileset editor, and another a level editor. When I say document editor, I mean the superset application type for things like image editors and text editors. All of these share things like toolbars, menu options, and in the case of image editors, and my apps, tool panes. We all know there's tons of advice out there for interface design in these apps, but I'm wondering about programming advice. Specifically, I'm doubting my code designs with the following things: Many menu options toggle various behaviors. What's the proper way to reliably tie the checked state of the option with the status of the behavior? Sometimes it's more complicated, like options being disabled when there's no document loaded. More and more consensus seems to be against using MDI, but how should I control tool panes? For example, I can't figure out how to get the panels to minimize and maximize along with the main window, like Photoshop does. When tool panels are responsible for a particular part of the document, who actually owns that thing? The main window, or the panel class? How do you do communication between the tool panels and the main window? Currently mine is all event based but it seems like there could be a better way. This seems to be a common class of gui application, but I've never seen specific pointers on code design for them. Could you please offer whatever advice or experience you have for writing them?

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• onsubmit() does not work.

  - by the Hampster

  Here is something that I find disturbing. I created a small form, and I'm using AJAX to validate for me. I have a javascript function authenticate() that works sometimes. <form method="post" action="" id="login_form" onsubmit="authenticate()";> // various inputs <input type="button" onclick="authenticate()" value="Log In"> </form> authenticate() works just fine when I click the button. However, if I press enter the form is submitted, and it fails. It also fails if I call onSubmit(). In my debugging, I alert the outgoing texts-- they are identical. However, the Prototype Ajax function calls it the onSuccess, but there is just no response from the server. (The server outputs either "Success" or "Failure"). Why the different behaviors for onClick() vs onSubmit()? The exact same function is called, but the results are different. Any help would be appreciated. --Dave

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• PIC C - USB_CDC_GETC() and retrieving strings.

  - by Adam

  Hi all, I'm programming a PIC18F4455 Microcontroller using PIC C. I'm using the USB_CDC.h header file. I have a program on the computer sending a string such as "W250025". However, when I use usb_cdc_getc() to get the first char, it freezes. Sometimes the program sends only 'T', so I really want to just get the first character. Why does my code never execute past received=usb_cdc_getc(); when I send "W250025"? if (usb_cdc_kbhit()) { //printf(lcd_putc, "Check 3"); delay_ms(3000); printf(lcd_putc, "\f"); received = usb_cdc_getc(); printf(lcd_putc, "Received "); lcd_putc(received); delay_ms(3000); printf(lcd_putc, "\f"); if (received == 'W'){ //waveform disable_interrupts(INT_TIMER1); set_adc_channel(0); load_and_print_array(read_into_int(), read_into_int());} else if (received == 'T'){ //temperature set_adc_channel(1); enable_interrupts(INT_TIMER1);} }

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• Problems with WCF endpoints hosted from Windows Service

  - by Dilip

  I have a managed Windows Service that hosts a couple of WCF endpoints. The service is set to start automatically when the PC is restarted. On reboot I find that this line of code: ServiceHost wcfHost1 = new ServiceHost(typeof(WCFHost1)); in the OnStart() method of the service takes somewhere between 15 - 20 seconds to execute. Actually I have two such statements but the second one executes in a flash. It is the first one that takes so long. Does anyone know what could be causing the bottleneck? Because of this, sometimes the call exceeds 30 seconds and as a result the SCM thinks my service timed out while trying to initialize itself. Now, I know its easy for me to just spin off a thread to do this and return from OnStart() right away but I'd like to know what could cause this delay. This happens only when the service starts up on PC reboot. If the PC is up and running, the service starts & stops in less than a second.

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• NetBeans Tips and Tricks

  - by cdmckay

  I just saw an Eclipse tips & tricks post and was wondering if anyone had any tips & tricks for my IDE of choice: NetBeans. Here's a few I know and find to be useful: Removing a package: After you remove a package in NetBeans, it sticks around as a grayed-out package in your Project view. To get rid of that, switch to Files view and delete the directory. Alt-Insert (in Windows) opens up a Generate submenu at your cursor. A nice shortcut for quickly generating getters/setters (among other things). Selecting a chunk of code, right-clicking and then clicking "Refactor Introduce Method" will have NetBeans introduce a method, complete with arguments and return value. Of course you have to make sure the chunk of code only has one return value. Sometimes when you run a build and it crashes, the Java window sticks around at the bottom. I used to just click X until Windows let me End Task, but there's a nicer way to get rid of them. Click "Run Stop Build/Run" and NetBeans will close the window for you. It'll even let you close multiple applications at once. These may seem obvious to grizzled NetBeans developers, but I thought they might be useful for NetBeans newbs like me. Anyone else have any tips/tricks to share? Here are some from the comments: NetBeans allows for code templates. You can even add yours on the Code Templates tab under the Editor settings on the Options window. Some examples: Type sout and hit the tab key as a shorcut for System.out.println("") Type psvm and hit the tab key as a shorcut for public static void main(String args[]) {} Ctrl Shift C: Comments out the selected block of code. Alt Shift F: Formats the selected block of code. Ctrl E: Deletes current line. Ctrl Shift I: Fixes your imports, handy if you've just written a piece of code that needs a lot of packages imported.

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• Save all xml nodes to db without looping through it

  - by AndreMiranda

  I have this xml: <Path> <Record> <ID>6534808</ID> <Distance>1.05553036073736</Distance> </Record> <Record> <ID>6542471</ID> <Distance>1.05553036073736</Distance> </Record> ... and about more 500 nodes </Path> And I'm using the code below to get all "Record" nodes: XmlNodeList paths = xDoc.SelectNodes("//Record"); And, after that, I save each record to database. But, the problem is that I'm using a foreach to loop through this nodes and the count of this nodes may be more than 500, sometimes it gets up to 1000 "Records" node. And this gets too long... Is there a way to save all of these nodes without looping through it? Thanks!!

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• PHP - warning - Undefined property: stdClass - fix?

  - by Phill Pafford

  I get this warning in my error logs and wanted to know how to correct this issues in my code. Warning: PHP Notice: Undefined property: stdClass::$records in script.php on line 440 Some Code: // Parse object to get account id's // The response doesn't have the records attribute sometimes. $role_arr = getRole($response->records); // Line 440 Response if records exists stdClass Object ( [done] => 1 [queryLocator] => [records] => Array ( [0] => stdClass Object ( [type] => User [Id] => [any] => stdClass Object ( [type] => My Role [Id] => [any] => <sf:Name>My Name</sf:Name> ) ) ) [size] => 1 ) Response if records does not exist stdClass Object ( [done] => 1 [queryLocator] => [size] => 0 ) I was thinking something like array_key_exists() functionality but for objects, anything? or am I going about this the wrong way?

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• Perf4J Logging Config Help

  - by manyxcxi

  I currently have a long running process that I am trying to analyze with Perf4J. I currently have it writing results in CSV format to its own log file using the AsyncCoalescingStatisticsAppender and a StatisticsCsvLayout on the file appender. My question is; when I try and use the --graph option from the command line (using the perf4j jar) it isn't populating the data points- it isn't populating anything. Are my appenders set incorrectly? The log file contains hundreds (sometimes thousands) of data points of about 10 different tag names. <appender name="perfAppender" class="org.apache.log4j.FileAppender"> <param name="File" value="perfStats.log"/> <layout class="org.perf4j.log4j.StatisticsCsvLayout"> </layout> </appender> <appender name="CoalescingStatistics" class="org.perf4j.log4j.AsyncCoalescingStatisticsAppender"> <!-- The TimeSlice option is used to determine the time window for which all received StopWatch logs are aggregated to create a single GroupedTimingStatistics log. Here we set it to 10 seconds, overriding the default of 30000 ms --> <param name="TimeSlice" value="10000"/> <appender-ref ref="ConsoleAppender"/> <appender-ref ref="CompositeRollingFileAppender"/> <appender-ref ref="perfAppender"/> </appender>

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• purpose of 3rd party mvc ?

  - by Honey

  ive seen many third party mvcs or frameworks such as codeignitor , cakephp, and so on. what i want to know is what are their purposes? ive created my own framework call it an mvc or framework (in my opinion their all the same). in my framework i have all the classes in one folder called classes and all functions in another. its all organized and when a new project comes in i am able to complete it fast. i have looked at the applications that i mentioned and it seems to have huge articles and tutorials to study. what is the purpose? why not study the main language such as php, javascript/ajax or jquery, and so on then build something that you know the ins and outs of so that any project comes your way you know what to do. ive known some people who use cakephp and for every project they get stuck and need to figure out what to do. another guy i knew worked with joomla and every basic company website that came his way he would reverse engineer joomla to make it work with the site. are people using these applications because they lack knowledge in the languages? or sometimes have no choice but to make a site while lacking language and put something together.

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• GWT, MVP, and UIBinding - How to get the best of all worlds

  - by Stephane Grenier

  With MVP, you normally bind the View (UI) with the Presenter in the Presenter. However with the latest version of GWT, especially with UIBinding, you can do the following in the View: @UiHandler("loginButton") void onAboutClicked(ClickEvent event) { // my login code } Which basically exchanges a lot of anonymous inner class code for some quick annotation code. Very nice!! The problem is that this code is in the view and not the presenter... So I thought maybe: @UiHandler("loginButton") void onAboutClicked(ClickEvent event) { myPresenter.onAboutClicked(...); } But there are several problems with this approach. The most important, you blur the lines between View and Presenter. Who does which binding, in some cases it's the View, in others it's the presenter (binding to events not in your current view but that need to be attached - for example a system wide update event). You still get the benefit of being able to unit test your presenter, but at what cost. The responsibilities are messy now. For example the binding is sometimes in the View and others times in the Presenter level. I can see the code falling into all kinds of chaos with time. I also thought of extending the Presenter to the View, so that you could do this in the View. The problem here is that you lose the Presenter's ability to run standard unit tests! That's a major issue. That and the lines again become blurred. So my question, does anyone have a good method of taking advantage of the annotation from UIBinding within the MVP pattern without blurring the lines and losing the advantages of the MVP pattern?

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• Alternative Control Structures

  - by Brock Woolf

  I've been wondering about alternative ways to write control structures. One that you learn early on for if statements is a replacement for this: if ( x ) { // true } else { // false } with this (sometimes this is more readable compared to lots of brackets): x ? true : false It got me thinking. Can we replace anything else incase it's more readable. We of course replace if statements like this: if (a < b) { return true; } else { return false; } with things like this: return a < b; We can save a long if with something like this (pretty much same as the one above): bool xCollisionTrue = (object.xPos < aabb.maxX && object.xPos > aabb.minX); So those are the ones I can think of off the top of my head for the if statement and doing comparisons. So I'm wondering what about looping constructs, for, while, etc. Maybe the code obfuscators might have some ideas.

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• Why would some $_POST variables go missing for a form with PHP?

  - by Chad Johnson

  Sometimes, multiple times a day in fact, users of my web application are submitting a certain form which has about a dozen form fields, half of which are hidden fields, and half of the $_POST data is simply not present in the processing script. Note that the fields that are not present are at the very bottom of the form. I know this because this raises a fatal error, and an email is dispatched to me which includes the post data. And of course, neither I nor any of the developers on my team can reproduce the problem. Flash is involved in the process, as I'm using a library called Uploadify to display a progress meter. Here is the flow...does anyone have ANY ideas at all why some of the post data would be getting wiped out? User visits edit screen for a page in the CMS I am using. Record id for the page is put into a form as a hidden value. User clicks the Uploadify browse button and selects a file (only single file selection is allowed). User clicks Submit button for my form. jQuery intercepts the form submit action, triggers Uploadify to start uploading, and returns false for the submit action (manually cancelling the form submit event so that Uploadify can take over). Uploadify uploads to a custom process script. Uploadify finishes uploading and triggers the Javascript completion callback. The Javascript callback calls $('#myForm').submit() to submit the form. This happens on multiple browsers (Firefox 3.5, 3.6, Safari, Internet Explorer 7, 8) and multiple platforms (Mac OS 10.5, 10.6 and Windows XP, 7).

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• Backing up my locally hosted rails apps in preparation for OS upgrade

  - by stephen murdoch

  I have some apps running on Heroku. I will be upgrading my OS in two weeks. The last time I upgraded though (6 months ago) I ran into some problems. Here's what I did: copied all my rails apps onto DVD upgraded OS transferred rails apps from DVD to new OS Then, after setting up new SSH-keys I tried to push to some of my heroku apps and, whilst I can't remember the exact error message off-hand, it more or less amounted to "fatal exception the remote end hung up" So I know that I'm doing something wrong here. First of all, is there any need for me to be putting my heroku hosted rails apps onto DVD? Would I be better just pulling all my apps from their heroku repos once I've done the upgrade? What do others do here? The reason I stuck them on DVD is because I tend to push a specific production branch to Heroku and sometimes omit large development files from it... Secondly, was this problem caused by SSH keys? Should I have backed up the old keys and transferred them from my old OS to my new one too, or is Heroku perfectly happy to let you change OS's like that? My solution in the end was to just create new heroku apps and reassign the custom domain names in heroku add-ons menu... I never actually though of pulling from the heroku repos as I tend to push a specific branch to heroku and that branch doesn't always have all the development files in it... I realise that the error message I mentioned doesn't particularly help anyone but I didn't think to remember it 6 months ago. Any advice would be appreciated PS - when I say upgrade, I mean full install of the new version with full format of the HDD.

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• MS SQL datetime precision problem

  - by Nailuj

  I have a situation where two persons might work on the same order (stored in an MS SQL database) from two different computers. To prevent data loss in the case where one would save his copy of the order first, and then a little later the second would save his copy and overwrite the first, I've added a check against the lastSaved field (datetime) before saving. The code looks roughly like this: private bool orderIsChangedByOtherUser(Order localOrderCopy) { // Look up fresh version of the order from the DB Order databaseOrder = orderService.GetByOrderId(localOrderCopy.Id); if (databaseOrder != null && databaseOrder.LastSaved > localOrderCopy.LastSaved) { return true; } else { return false; } } This works for most of the time, but I have found one small bug. If orderIsChangedByOtherUser returns false, the local copy will have its lastSaved updated to the current time and then be persisted to the database. The value of lastSaved in the local copy and the DB should now be the same. However, if orderIsChangedByOtherUser is run again, it sometimes returns true even though no other user has made changes to the DB. When debugging in Visual Studio, databaseOrder.LastSaved and localOrderCopy.LastSaved appear to have the same value, but when looking closer they some times differ by a few milliseconds. I found this article with a short notice on the millisecond precision for datetime in SQL: Another problem is that SQL Server stores DATETIME with a precision of 3.33 milliseconds (0. 00333 seconds). The solution I could think of for this problem, is to compare the two datetimes and consider them equal if they differ by less than say 10 milliseconds. My question to you is then: are there any better/safer ways to compare two datetime values in MS SQL to see if they are exactly the same?

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• Guessess of my session value conflicts

  - by SmartestVEGA

  I have a asp.net web form which will submit information to come as emails. Whenever user fill the form and click on submit button,the information user entered will be sent as email. This web form has 4 page. but the web form will not use all 4 page on all requests. if the user select a particular value in first page, the form will bypass the 3rd page and go the last 4th page(like...page1,2,4). IF it is any other values selected in the first page. form will navigate as page1,2,3,4. So now my problem is when multiple users access the same website, the value in the first page get combines from different users and the form will act abnormally.Sometime it will bypass sometimes it will not bypass the page3 Show below is the variable decalrations: Public strRoleType As String = String.Empty Protected Shared isAreaSelected As Integer = 0 Protected Shared isStoreSelected As Integer = 0 Protected Shared isHeadOfficeSelected As Integer = 0 Protected Shared isRegionSelected As Integer = 0 I guess the problem is with strRoleType variable whether it is getting values from different users. Do any have any work around?

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• Getter and Setter vs. Builder strategy

  - by Extrakun

  I was reading a JavaWorld's article on Getter and Setter where the basic premise is that getters expose internal content of an object, hence tightening coupling, and go on to provide examples using builder objects. I was rather leery of abolishing getter/setter but on second reading of the article, see to quite like the idea. However, sometimes I just need one cruical element of an entity class, such as the user's id and writing one whole class just to extract that cruical element seems like overkill. It also implies that for different view, a different type of importer/exporter must be implemented (or the whole data of the class to be exported out, thus resulting in waste). Usually I tend towards filtering the result of a getter - for example, if I need to output the price of a product in different currency, I would code it as: return CurrencyOutput::convertTo($product->price(), 'USD'); This is with the understanding that the raw output of a getter is not necessary the final result to be pushed onto a screen or a database. Is getter/setter really as bad as it is protrayed to be? When should one adopt a builder strategy, or a 'get the result and filter it' approach? How do you avoid having a class needing to know about every other objects if you are not using getter/setter?

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• Specific programming text editor for simple open/close editing

  - by queen3

  I'm looking for very specific text editor: Closes on ESC, no project management or tabs Syntax highlighting - preferably with color themes (e.g. can apply different color themes without changing C# coloring definition) or, at least, can load/save themes; support for C/C#/XML/HTML/JavaScript/etc - common MS/.NET world - out of box Configurable keys, or: Shift-Tab shifts blocks XML/HTML auto-completion support - well, optional I use synplus plugin for Total Commander currently, but it has few drawbacks (e.g. crashes sometimes ;-), no auto-completion, etc). Basically I want fast Visual-Studio-like editor that I open, do edits, and then close using ESC. I remember I tried Notepad++, etc - most of them open files in tabs, don't close on ESC... - that is, behave like IDE. At least I've just downloaded Notepad++, it doesn't close on ESC even if I setup keybindings to do so. Autocompletion is optional (though it is to be simple as just tags completion), what I really look for is closing on ESC, not getting in the way with all the tabs and IDE-like, and good coloring. Plus shift-tab is must have for blocks manipulation. Update: any open-source one that I can easily tweak to close on ESC? ;-) Seems like ESC (and reasonable color highlighting) is the core requirement. I've just tried many editors - Programmer's Notepad, E, Crimson, etc - I can't set any of them to close on ESC. Any external tool to close selected program on ESC? ;-) UPDATE: Hm, found an awesome utility for my latest thought: http://www.autohotkey.com. Easy to setup to close any window on ESC (as well as many other tricks). Seems like the most tough requirements is gone - I can use ANY text editor ;-)

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• Removing a platform from Configuration Manager

  - by demoncodemonkey

  I have a solution containing C# and C++/CLI projects. There are 3 platforms in my solution: Any CPU Win32 Mixed Platforms I never want to "just build the C# ones" or "just build the C++ ones", I always want to build all projects. So the platforms metaphor is meaningless to me, I'll leave it on Mixed Platforms or whatever as long as they all build. Now VS sometimes automatically switches the current platform to Any CPU (I'm not sure when or why). This means that pressing F7 will only try to build the C# projects, which is obviously no good. So I have to switch back to Mixed Platforms and try again. So how to workaround this irritating problem? I have tried 2 ways: In Configuration Manager, remove Any CPU and Win32 platforms. This worked until I added a new project and Visual Studio very kindly added them back in... :/ In Configuration Manager, check all checkboxes for all projects in all configurations in all platforms. This becomes a nightmare to manage with many projects in the solution. Any other ideas?

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• Use the repository pattern when using PLINQO generated data?

  - by Chad

  I'm "upgrading" an MVC app. Previously, the DAL was a part of the Model, as a series of repositories (based on the entity name) using standard LINQ to SQL queries. Now, it's a separate project and is generated using PLINQO. Since PLINQO generates query extensions based on the properties of the entity, I started using them directly in my controller... and eliminated the repositories all together. It's working fine, this is more a question to draw upon your experience, should I continue down this path or should I rebuild the repositories (using PLINQO as the DAL within the repository files)? One benefit of just using the PLINQO generated data context is that when I need DB access, I just make one reference to the the data context. Under the repository pattern, I had to reference each repository when I needed data access, sometimes needing to reference multiple repositories on a single controller. The big benefit I saw on the repositories, were aptly named query methods (i.e. FindAllProductsByCategoryId(int id), etc...). With the PLINQO code, it's _db.Product.ByCatId(int id) - which isn't too bad either. I like both, but where it gets "harrier" is when the query uses predicates. I can roll that up into the repository query method. But on the PLINQO code, it would be something like _db.Product.Where(x = x.CatId == 1 && x.OrderId == 1); I'm not so sure I like having code like that in my controllers. Whats your take on this?

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• java BufferedReader specific length returns NUL characters

  - by Bastien

  I have a TCP socket client receiving messages (data) from a server. messages are of the type length (2 bytes) + data (length bytes), delimited by STX & ETX characters. I'm using a bufferedReader to retrieve the two first bytes, decode the length, then read again from the same bufferedReader the appropriate length and put the result in a char array. most of the time, I have no problem, but SOMETIMES (1 out of thousands of messages received), when attempting to read (length) bytes from the reader, I get only part of it, the rest of my array being filled with "NUL" characters. I imagine it's because the buffer has not yet been filled. char[] bufLen = new char[2]; _bufferedReader.read(bufLen); int len = decodeLength(bufLen); char[] _rawMsg = new char[len]; _bufferedReader.read(_rawMsg); return _rawMsg; I solved the problem in several iterative ways: first I tested the last char of my array: if it wasn't ETX I would read chars from the bufferedReader one by one until I would reach ETX, then start over my regular routine. the consequence is that I would basically DROP one message. then, in order to still retrieve that message, I would find the first occurence of the NUL char in my "truncated" message, read & store additional characters one at a time until I reached ETX, and append them to my "truncated" messages, confirming length is ok. it works also, but I'm really thinking there's something I could do better, like checking if the total number of characters I need are available in the buffer before reading it, but can't find the right way to do it... any idea / pointer ? thanks !

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• Installing applications OTA

  - by Ed Marty

  I have a system set up to download jad files on users' Blackberries, but it only works intermittently, and seemingly randomly. If the user clicks on the link within their BlackBerry browser, 95% of the time on the first try an error message will pop up saying there was an HTTP 500 error (which our server never returns). Viewing the details of this message within the blackberry browser, it says nothing but java.lang.nullpointerexception which, again, could not have come from our server (running apache/php). However, if the user clicks on the link a few more times, or navigates away and goes back to that page, it suddenly works. No change on the server, it just shows the application install screen. Unfortunately, this doesn't always work; sometimes the error 500 just keeps showing up. The link is rather long (containing an sha hash as a token as part of the URL), but I would think that a long URL would either always be broken or always work, not work intermittently. The link uses a php script to download the jad and cod files. Linking to the files directly rather than using the script seems to work more often (I haven't determined if that also ever has an error 500 or not), but I can't find any issues with the headers. The content type is set correctly and, like I said, if the headers were an issue, I'd think it would either always work or always break. Any clues?

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• How to get around the jslint error 'Don't make functions within a loop.'

  - by Ernelli

  I am working on making all of our JS code pass through jslint, sometimes with a lot of tweaking with the options to get legacy code pass for now on with the intention to fix it properly later. There is one thing that jslint complains about that I do not have a workround for. That is when using constructs like this, we get the error 'Don't make functions within a loop.' for (prop in newObject) { // Check if we're overwriting an existing function if (typeof newObject[prop] === "function" && typeof _super[prop] === "function" && fnTest.test(newObject[prop])) { prototype[prop] = (function (name, func) { return function () { var result, old_super; old_super = this._super; this._super = _super[name]; result = func.apply(this, arguments); this._super = old_super; return result; }; })(prop, newObject[prop]); } This loop is part of a JS implementation of classical inheritance where classes that extend existing classes retain the super property of the extended class when invoking a member of the extended class. Just to clarify, the implementation above is inspired by this blog post by John Resig. But we also have other instances of functions created within a loop. The only workaround so far is to exclude these JS files from jslint, but we would like to use jslint for code validation and syntax checking as part of our continuous integration and build workflow. Is there a better way to implement functionality like this or is there a way to tweak code like this through jslint?

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• Unit Testing in the real world

  - by Malfist

  I manage a rather large application (50k+ lines of code) by myself, and it manages some rather critical business actions. To describe the program simple, I would say it's a fancy UI with the ability to display and change data from the database, and it's managing around 1,000 rental units, and about 3k tenants and all the finances. When I make changes, because it's so large of a code base, I sometimes break something somewhere else. I typically test it by going though the stuff I changed at the functional level (i.e. I run the program and work through the UI), but I can't test for every situation. That is why I want to get started with unit testing. However, this isn't a true, three tier program with a database tier, a business tier, and a UI tier. A lot of the business logic is performed in the UI classes, and many things are done on events. To complicate things, everything is database driven, and I've not seen (so far) good suggestions on how to unit test database interactions. How would be a good way to get started with unit testing for this application. Keep in mind. I've never done unit testing or TDD before. Should I rewrite it to remove the business logic from the UI classes (a lot of work)? Or is there a better way?

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• Why use SQL database?

  - by martinthenext

  I'm not quite sure stackoverflow is a place for such a general question, but let's give it a try. Being exposed to the need of storing application data somewhere, I've always used MySQL or sqlite, just because it's always done like that. As it seems like the whole world is using these databases, most of all software products, frameworks, etc. It is rather hard for a beginning developer like me to ask a question - why? Ok, say we have some object-oriented logic in our application, and objects are related to each other somehow. We need to map this logic to the storage logic, so we need relations between database objects too. This leads us to using relational database and I'm ok with that - to put it simple, our database rows sometimes will need to have references to other tables' rows. But why do use SQL language for interaction with such a database? SQL query is a text message. I can understand this is cool for actually understanding what it does, but isn't it silly to use text table and column names for a part of application that no one ever seen after deploynment? If you had to write a data storage from scratch, you would have never used this kind of solution. Personally, I would have used some 'compiled db query' bytecode, that would be assembled once inside a client application and passed to the database. And it surely would name tables and colons by id numbers, not ascii-strings. In the case of changes in table structure those byte queries could be recompiled according to new db schema, stored in XML or something like that. What are the problems of my idea? Is there any reason for me not to write it myself and to use SQL database instead?

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• Elegant way to take basename of directory in Python?

  - by user248237

  I have several scripts that take as input a directory name, and my program creates files in those directories. Sometimes I want to take the basename of a directory given to the program and use it to make various files in the directory. For example, # directory name given by user via command-line output_dir = "..." # obtained by OptParser, for example my_filename = output_dir + '/' + os.path.basename(output_dir) + '.my_program_output' # write stuff to my_filename The problem is that if the user gives a directory name with a trailing slash, then os.path.basename will return the empty string, which is not what I want. What is the most elegant way to deal with these slash/trailing slash issues in python? I know I can manually check for the slash at the end of output_dir and remove it if it's there, but there seems like there should be a better way. Is there? Also, is it OK to manually add '/' characters? E.g. output_dir + '/' os.path.basename() or is there a more generic way to build up paths? Thanks.

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