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• Cisco 891w multiple VLAN configuration

  - by Jessica

  I'm having trouble getting my guest network up. I have VLAN 1 that contains all our network resources (servers, desktops, printers, etc). I have the wireless configured to use VLAN1 but authenticate with wpa2 enterprise. The guest network I just wanted to be open or configured with a simple WPA2 personal password on it's own VLAN2. I've looked at tons of documentation and it should be working but I can't even authenticate on the guest network! I've posted this on cisco's support forum a week ago but no one has really responded. I could really use some help. So if anyone could take a look at the configurations I posted and steer me in the right direction I would be extremely grateful. Thank you! version 15.0 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname ESI ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! logging buffered 51200 warnings ! aaa new-model ! ! aaa authentication login userauthen local aaa authorization network groupauthor local ! ! ! ! ! aaa session-id common ! ! ! clock timezone EST -5 clock summer-time EDT recurring service-module wlan-ap 0 bootimage autonomous ! crypto pki trustpoint TP-self-signed-3369945891 enrollment selfsigned subject-name cn=IOS-Self-Signed-Certificate-3369945891 revocation-check none rsakeypair TP-self-signed-3369945891 ! ! crypto pki certificate chain TP-self-signed-3369945891 certificate self-signed 01 (cert is here) quit ip source-route ! ! ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.5 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.2 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.210 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.6 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.8 ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.3.1 ! ip dhcp pool ccp-pool import all network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.1.1 dns-server 10.171.12.5 10.171.12.37 lease 0 2 ! ip dhcp pool guest import all network 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.3.1 dns-server 10.171.12.5 10.171.12.37 ! ! ip cef no ip domain lookup no ipv6 cef ! ! multilink bundle-name authenticated license udi pid CISCO891W-AGN-A-K9 sn FTX153085WL ! ! username ESIadmin privilege 15 secret 5 $1$g1..$JSZ0qxljZAgJJIk/anDu51 username user1 password 0 pass ! ! ! class-map type inspect match-any ccp-cls-insp-traffic match protocol cuseeme match protocol dns match protocol ftp match protocol h323 match protocol https match protocol icmp match protocol imap match protocol pop3 match protocol netshow match protocol shell match protocol realmedia match protocol rtsp match protocol smtp match protocol sql-net match protocol streamworks match protocol tftp match protocol vdolive match protocol tcp match protocol udp class-map type inspect match-all ccp-insp-traffic match class-map ccp-cls-insp-traffic class-map type inspect match-any ccp-cls-icmp-access match protocol icmp class-map type inspect match-all ccp-invalid-src match access-group 100 class-map type inspect match-all ccp-icmp-access match class-map ccp-cls-icmp-access class-map type inspect match-all ccp-protocol-http match protocol http ! ! policy-map type inspect ccp-permit-icmpreply class type inspect ccp-icmp-access inspect class class-default pass policy-map type inspect ccp-inspect class type inspect ccp-invalid-src drop log class type inspect ccp-protocol-http inspect class type inspect ccp-insp-traffic inspect class class-default drop policy-map type inspect ccp-permit class class-default drop ! zone security out-zone zone security in-zone zone-pair security ccp-zp-self-out source self destination out-zone service-policy type inspect ccp-permit-icmpreply zone-pair security ccp-zp-in-out source in-zone destination out-zone service-policy type inspect ccp-inspect zone-pair security ccp-zp-out-self source out-zone destination self service-policy type inspect ccp-permit ! ! crypto isakmp policy 1 encr 3des authentication pre-share group 2 ! crypto isakmp client configuration group 3000client key 67Nif8LLmqP_ dns 10.171.12.37 10.171.12.5 pool dynpool acl 101 ! ! crypto ipsec transform-set myset esp-3des esp-sha-hmac ! crypto dynamic-map dynmap 10 set transform-set myset ! ! crypto map clientmap client authentication list userauthen crypto map clientmap isakmp authorization list groupauthor crypto map clientmap client configuration address initiate crypto map clientmap client configuration address respond crypto map clientmap 10 ipsec-isakmp dynamic dynmap ! ! ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0 ! ! interface FastEthernet1 ! ! interface FastEthernet2 ! ! interface FastEthernet3 ! ! interface FastEthernet4 ! ! interface FastEthernet5 ! ! interface FastEthernet6 ! ! interface FastEthernet7 ! ! interface FastEthernet8 ip address dhcp ip nat outside ip virtual-reassembly duplex auto speed auto ! ! interface GigabitEthernet0 description $FW_OUTSIDE$$ES_WAN$ ip address 10...* 255.255.254.0 ip nat outside ip virtual-reassembly zone-member security out-zone duplex auto speed auto crypto map clientmap ! ! interface wlan-ap0 description Service module interface to manage the embedded AP ip unnumbered Vlan1 arp timeout 0 ! ! interface Wlan-GigabitEthernet0 description Internal switch interface connecting to the embedded AP switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-3,1002-1005 switchport mode trunk ! ! interface Vlan1 description $ETH-SW-LAUNCH$$INTF-INFO-FE 1$$FW_INSIDE$ ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip nat inside ip virtual-reassembly zone-member security in-zone ip tcp adjust-mss 1452 crypto map clientmap ! ! interface Vlan2 description guest ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 ip access-group 120 in ip nat inside ip virtual-reassembly zone-member security in-zone ! ! interface Async1 no ip address encapsulation slip ! ! ip local pool dynpool 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.210 ip forward-protocol nd ip http server ip http access-class 23 ip http authentication local ip http secure-server ip http timeout-policy idle 60 life 86400 requests 10000 ! ! ip dns server ip nat inside source list 23 interface GigabitEthernet0 overload ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.165.0.1 ! access-list 23 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 100 remark CCP_ACL Category=128 access-list 100 permit ip host 255.255.255.255 any access-list 100 permit ip 127.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any access-list 100 permit ip 10.165.0.0 0.0.1.255 any access-list 110 permit ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.5.255 any access-list 120 remark ESIGuest Restriction no cdp run ! ! ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! alias exec dot11radio service-module wlan-ap 0 session Access point version 12.4 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname ESIRouter ! no logging console enable secret 5 $1$yEH5$CxI5.9ypCBa6kXrUnSuvp1 ! aaa new-model ! ! aaa group server radius rad_eap server 192.168.1.5 auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813 ! aaa group server radius rad_acct server 192.168.1.5 auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813 ! aaa authentication login eap_methods group rad_eap aaa authentication enable default line enable aaa authorization exec default local aaa authorization commands 15 default local aaa accounting network acct_methods start-stop group rad_acct ! aaa session-id common clock timezone EST -5 clock summer-time EDT recurring ip domain name ESI ! ! dot11 syslog dot11 vlan-name one vlan 1 dot11 vlan-name two vlan 2 ! dot11 ssid one vlan 1 authentication open eap eap_methods authentication network-eap eap_methods authentication key-management wpa version 2 accounting rad_acct ! dot11 ssid two vlan 2 authentication open guest-mode ! dot11 network-map ! ! username ESIadmin privilege 15 secret 5 $1$p02C$WVHr5yKtRtQxuFxPU8NOx. ! ! bridge irb ! ! interface Dot11Radio0 no ip address no ip route-cache ! encryption vlan 1 mode ciphers aes-ccm ! broadcast-key vlan 1 change 30 ! ! ssid one ! ssid two ! antenna gain 0 station-role root ! interface Dot11Radio0.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native no ip route-cache bridge-group 1 bridge-group 1 subscriber-loop-control bridge-group 1 block-unknown-source no bridge-group 1 source-learning no bridge-group 1 unicast-flooding bridge-group 1 spanning-disabled ! interface Dot11Radio0.2 encapsulation dot1Q 2 no ip route-cache bridge-group 2 bridge-group 2 subscriber-loop-control bridge-group 2 block-unknown-source no bridge-group 2 source-learning no bridge-group 2 unicast-flooding bridge-group 2 spanning-disabled ! interface Dot11Radio1 no ip address no ip route-cache shutdown ! encryption vlan 1 mode ciphers aes-ccm ! broadcast-key vlan 1 change 30 ! ! ssid one ! antenna gain 0 dfs band 3 block channel dfs station-role root ! interface Dot11Radio1.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native no ip route-cache bridge-group 1 bridge-group 1 subscriber-loop-control bridge-group 1 block-unknown-source no bridge-group 1 source-learning no bridge-group 1 unicast-flooding bridge-group 1 spanning-disabled ! interface GigabitEthernet0 description the embedded AP GigabitEthernet 0 is an internal interface connecting AP with the host router no ip address no ip route-cache ! interface GigabitEthernet0.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native no ip route-cache bridge-group 1 no bridge-group 1 source-learning bridge-group 1 spanning-disabled ! interface GigabitEthernet0.2 encapsulation dot1Q 2 no ip route-cache bridge-group 2 no bridge-group 2 source-learning bridge-group 2 spanning-disabled ! interface BVI1 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 no ip route-cache ! ip http server no ip http secure-server ip http help-path http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/smbiz/prodconfig/help/eag access-list 10 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 radius-server host 192.168.1.5 auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813 key ***** bridge 1 route ip

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• nginx + @font-face + Firefox / IE9

  - by Philip Seyfi

  Just transferred my site from a shared hosting to Linode's VPS, and I'm also completely new to nginx, so please don't be harsh if I missed something evident ^^ I've got my WordPress site running pretty well on nginx & MaxCDN, but my @font-face fonts (served from cdn.domain.com) stopped working in IE9 and FF (@font-face failed cross-origin request. Resource access is restricted.) I've googled for hours and tried adding all of the following to my config files: location ~* ^.+\.(eot|otf|ttf|woff)$ { add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *; } location ^/fonts/ { add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *; } location / { if ($request_filename ~* ^.*?/([^/]*?)$) { set $filename $1; } if ($filename ~* ^.*?\.(eot)|(otf)|(ttf)|(woff)$){ add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*'; } } With all of the following combinations: add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *; add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' *; add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin '*'; add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*'; Of course, I've restarted nginx after every change. The headers just don't get sent at all no matter what I do. I have the default Ubuntu apt-get build nginx which should include the headers module by default... How do I check what modules are installed, or what else could be causing this error?

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• Accessing Virtual Host from outside LAN

  - by Ray

  I'm setting up a web development platform that makes things as easy as possible to write and test all code on my local machine, and sync this with my web server. I setup several virtual hosts so that I can access my projects by typing in "project" instead of "localhost/project" as the URL. I also want to set this up so that I can access my projects from any network. I signed up for a DYNDNS URL that points to my computer's IP address. This worked great from anywhere before I setup the virtual hosts. Now when I try to access my projects by typing in my DYNDNS URL, I get the 403 Forbidden Error message, "You don't have permission to access / on this server." To setup my virtual hosts, I edited two files - hosts in the system32/drivers/etc folder, and httpd-vhosts.conf in the Apache folder of my WAMP installation. In the hosts file, I simply added the server name to associate with 127.0.0.1. I added the following to the http-vhosts.conf file: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot "c:/wamp/www/ladybug" ServerName ladybug ErrorLog "logs/your_own-error.log" CustomLog "logs/your_own-access.log" common </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot "c:/wamp/www" ServerName localhost ErrorLog "logs/localhost-error.log" CustomLog "logs/localhost-access.log" common </VirtualHost> Any idea why I can't access my projects from typing in my DYNDNS URL? Also, is it possible to setup virtual hosts so that when I type in http://projects from a random computer outside of my network, I access url.dyndns.info/projects (a.k.a. my WAMP projects on my home computer)? Help is much appreciated, thanks!

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• Virtual Machine Network Architecture, Isolating Public and Private Networks

  - by Mark

  I'm looking for some insight into best practices for network traffic isolation within a virtual environment, specifically under VMWARE ESXi. Currently I have (in testing) 1 hardware server running ESXi but i expect to expand this to multiple pieces of hardware. The current setup is as follows: 1 pfsense VM, this VM accepts all outside (WAN/internet) traffic and performs firewall/port forwarding/NAT functionality. I have multiple public IP addresses sent to the this VM that are used for access to individual servers (via per incoming IP port forwarding rules). This VM is attached to the private (virtual) network that all other VMs are on. It also manages a VPN link into the private network with some access restrictions. This isn't the perimeter firewall but rather the firewall for this virtual pool only. I have 3 VMs that communicate with each other, as well as have some public access requirements: 1 LAMP server running an eCommerce site, public internet accessible 1 accounting server, access via windows server 2008 RDS services for remote access by users 1 inventory/warehouse management server, VPN to client terminals in warehouses These servers constantly talk with each other for data synchronization. Currently all the servers are on the same subnet/virtual network and connected to the internet through the pfsense VM. The pfsense firewall uses port forwarding and NAT to allow outside access to the servers for services and for server access to the internet. My main question is this: Is there a security benefit to adding a second virtual network adapter to each server and controlling traffic such that all server to server communication is on one separate virtual network, while any access to the outside world is routed through the other network adapter, through the firewall, and on the the internet. This is the type of architecture i would use if these were all physical servers, but i'm unsure if the networks being virtual changes the way i should approach locking down this system. Thank you for any thoughts or direction to any appropriate literature.

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• Can't open shared drive after disconnecting vpn

  - by Matt McMinn

  I use a VPN to connect to my office network. On my local network I have another WinXP machine that shares a printer and a few shared folders. While I'm connected to my work VPN, I can access the shared printer and folders on the other machine just fine, and vice versa. Once I disconnect the VPN, I can't access the local machine any more, and the other machine can't access my machine. The network itself seems ok - I can ping the other machine, get to the internet, and get on to a web server shared by the other machine, but I can't get to the shared folders or printer. If I reconnect to the VPN, my access is restored. I'm guessing this is some sort of authentication thing, but I don't know what. Any ideas? Update This problem is bothering me again, so here's an update. Depending on when I first access the WinXP machine, I either have this problem, or the opposite problem. After a reboot, if I (for example) print, then connect to the VPN, I can't access the machine while on the VPN. If after a reboot I connect to the VPN, then print, I can't access the machine off the VPN. In both cases, if I enable/disable the VPN again, I can access the machine again. Thanks

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• In a web application (war) I have a config text file. How to prevent web access to it?

  - by EugeneP

  In a servlet I have a config text file. How to prevent web access to it? So that only servlet code can get access to it? It is not encrypted and lays in the subdirectory of WebContent.

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• How to solve "403 Forbidden" on CentOS6 with SELinux Disabled?

  - by André

  I have a machine on Linode that is driving me crazy. Linode does not have SELinux on CentOS6... I'm trying to configure to put my website in "/home/websites/public_html/mysite.com/public" As I don´t have SELinux enable, how can I avoid the "403 Forbidden" that I get when trying to access the webpage? Sorry for my english. Best Regards, Update1, ERROR_LOG [Mon Oct 17 14:04:16 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: access to / denied [Mon Oct 17 14:08:07 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: access to / denied [Mon Oct 17 14:10:25 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: access to / denied [Mon Oct 17 14:10:41 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: access to / denied [Mon Oct 17 14:32:35 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: access to / denied [Mon Oct 17 14:34:45 2011] [error] [client 58.218.199.227] (13)Permission denied: access to /proxy-1.php denied [Mon Oct 17 15:32:25 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: access to / denied [Mon Oct 17 15:37:26 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: access to / denied [Mon Oct 17 15:37:43 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: access to / denied [Mon Oct 17 15:38:32 2011] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: access to / denied [Mon Oct 17 15:42:56 2011] [crit] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: /home/websites/.htaccess pcfg_openfile: unable to check htaccess file, ensure it is readable [Mon Oct 17 15:43:12 2011] [crit] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: /home/websites/.htaccess pcfg_openfile: unable to check htaccess file, ensure it is readable [Mon Oct 17 15:45:34 2011] [crit] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: /home/websites/.htaccess pcfg_openfile: unable to check htaccess file, ensure it is readable [Mon Oct 17 15:51:25 2011] [crit] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: /home/websites/.htaccess pcfg_openfile: unable to check htaccess file, ensure it is readable Upadate2, /home/websites directory drwx------ 3 websites websites 4096 Oct 17 14:52 . drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Oct 17 13:42 .. -rw------- 1 websites websites 372 Oct 17 14:52 .bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 websites websites 18 May 30 11:46 .bash_logout -rw-r--r-- 1 websites websites 176 May 30 11:46 .bash_profile -rw-r--r-- 1 websites websites 124 May 30 11:46 .bashrc drwxrwxr-x 3 websites apache 4096 Oct 17 13:45 public_html Update3, httpd.conf ### Section 1: Global Environment ServerTokens OS ServerRoot "/etc/httpd" PidFile run/httpd.pid Timeout 60 KeepAlive Off MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 15 <IfModule prefork.c> StartServers 8 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 20 ServerLimit 256 MaxClients 256 MaxRequestsPerChild 4000 </IfModule> <IfModule worker.c> StartServers 4 MaxClients 300 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> #Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 80 LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so LoadModule authn_alias_module modules/mod_authn_alias.so LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so LoadModule authn_default_module modules/mod_authn_default.so LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so LoadModule suexec_module modules/mod_suexec.so LoadModule disk_cache_module modules/mod_disk_cache.so LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so Include conf.d/*.conf #ExtendedStatus On User apache Group apache ServerAdmin root@localhost #ServerName www.example.com:80 UseCanonicalName Off DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" # # Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect # to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that # directory (and its subdirectories). # # First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of # features. # <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> # # Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow # particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as # you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it # below. # # # This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to. # <Directory "/home/websites/public_html"> # # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", # or any combination of: # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews # # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" # doesn't give it to you. # # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options # for more information. # Options Indexes FollowSymLinks # # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # AllowOverride None # # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # # UserDir: The name of the directory that is appended onto a user's home # directory if a ~user request is received. # # The path to the end user account 'public_html' directory must be # accessible to the webserver userid. This usually means that ~userid # must have permissions of 711, ~userid/public_html must have permissions # of 755, and documents contained therein must be world-readable. # Otherwise, the client will only receive a "403 Forbidden" message. # # See also: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/misc/FAQ.html#forbidden # <IfModule mod_userdir.c> # # UserDir is disabled by default since it can confirm the presence # of a username on the system (depending on home directory # permissions). # UserDir disabled # # To enable requests to /~user/ to serve the user's public_html # directory, remove the "UserDir disabled" line above, and uncomment # the following line instead: # #UserDir public_html </IfModule> # # Control access to UserDir directories. The following is an example # for a site where these directories are restricted to read-only. # #<Directory /home/*/public_html> # AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec # <Limit GET POST OPTIONS> # Order allow,deny # Allow from all # </Limit> # <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS> # Order deny,allow # Deny from all # </LimitExcept> #</Directory> # # DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory # is requested. # # The index.html.var file (a type-map) is used to deliver content- # negotiated documents. The MultiViews Option can be used for the # same purpose, but it is much slower. # DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var # # AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory # for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride # directive. # AccessFileName .htaccess # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All </Files> # # TypesConfig describes where the mime.types file (or equivalent) is # to be found. # TypesConfig /etc/mime.types # # DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are # text. # DefaultType text/plain # # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the # contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located. # <IfModule mod_mime_magic.c> # MIMEMagicFile /usr/share/magic.mime MIMEMagicFile conf/magic </IfModule> # # HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses # e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off). # The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people # had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that # each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the # nameserver. # HostnameLookups Off #EnableMMAP off #EnableSendfile off # # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog logs/error_log LogLevel warn # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent # "combinedio" includes actual counts of actual bytes received (%I) and sent (%O); this # requires the mod_logio module to be loaded. #LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio # # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format). # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost> # container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do* # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be # logged therein and *not* in this file. # #CustomLog logs/access_log common # # If you would like to have separate agent and referer logfiles, uncomment # the following directives. # #CustomLog logs/referer_log referer #CustomLog logs/agent_log agent # # For a single logfile with access, agent, and referer information # (Combined Logfile Format), use the following directive: # CustomLog logs/access_log combined ServerSignature On Alias /icons/ "/var/www/icons/" <Directory "/var/www/icons"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # # WebDAV module configuration section. # <IfModule mod_dav_fs.c> # Location of the WebDAV lock database. DAVLockDB /var/lib/dav/lockdb </IfModule> # # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that # documents in the realname directory are treated as applications and # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the client. # The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias directives as to # Alias. # ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/" # # "/var/www/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased # CGI directory exists, if you have that configured. # <Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> IndexOptions FancyIndexing VersionSort NameWidth=* HTMLTable Charset=UTF-8 AddIconByEncoding (CMP,/icons/compressed.gif) x-compress x-gzip AddIconByType (TXT,/icons/text.gif) text/* AddIconByType (IMG,/icons/image2.gif) image/* AddIconByType (SND,/icons/sound2.gif) audio/* AddIconByType (VID,/icons/movie.gif) video/* AddIcon /icons/binary.gif .bin .exe AddIcon /icons/binhex.gif .hqx AddIcon /icons/tar.gif .tar AddIcon /icons/world2.gif .wrl .wrl.gz .vrml .vrm .iv AddIcon /icons/compressed.gif .Z .z .tgz .gz .zip AddIcon /icons/a.gif .ps .ai .eps AddIcon /icons/layout.gif .html .shtml .htm .pdf AddIcon /icons/text.gif .txt AddIcon /icons/c.gif .c AddIcon /icons/p.gif .pl .py AddIcon /icons/f.gif .for AddIcon /icons/dvi.gif .dvi AddIcon /icons/uuencoded.gif .uu AddIcon /icons/script.gif .conf .sh .shar .csh .ksh .tcl AddIcon /icons/tex.gif .tex AddIcon /icons/bomb.gif core AddIcon /icons/back.gif .. AddIcon /icons/hand.right.gif README AddIcon /icons/folder.gif ^^DIRECTORY^^ AddIcon /icons/blank.gif ^^BLANKICON^^ # # DefaultIcon is which icon to show for files which do not have an icon # explicitly set. # DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.gif # # AddDescription allows you to place a short description after a file in # server-generated indexes. These are only displayed for FancyIndexed # directories. # Format: AddDescription "description" filename # #AddDescription "GZIP compressed document" .gz #AddDescription "tar archive" .tar #AddDescription "GZIP compressed tar archive" .tgz # # ReadmeName is the name of the README file the server will look for by # default, and append to directory listings. # # HeaderName is the name of a file which should be prepended to # directory indexes. ReadmeName README.html HeaderName HEADER.html # # IndexIgnore is a set of filenames which directory indexing should ignore # and not include in the listing. Shell-style wildcarding is permitted. # IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t # # DefaultLanguage and AddLanguage allows you to specify the language of # a document. You can then use content negotiation to give a browser a # file in a language the user can understand. # # Specify a default language. This means that all data # going out without a specific language tag (see below) will # be marked with this one. You probably do NOT want to set # this unless you are sure it is correct for all cases. # # * It is generally better to not mark a page as # * being a certain language than marking it with the wrong # * language! # # DefaultLanguage nl # # Note 1: The suffix does not have to be the same as the language # keyword --- those with documents in Polish (whose net-standard # language code is pl) may wish to use "AddLanguage pl .po" to # avoid the ambiguity with the common suffix for perl scripts. # # Note 2: The example entries below illustrate that in some cases # the two character 'Language' abbreviation is not identical to # the two character 'Country' code for its country, # E.g. 'Danmark/dk' versus 'Danish/da'. # # Note 3: In the case of 'ltz' we violate the RFC by using a three char # specifier. There is 'work in progress' to fix this and get # the reference data for rfc1766 cleaned up. # # Catalan (ca) - Croatian (hr) - Czech (cs) - Danish (da) - Dutch (nl) # English (en) - Esperanto (eo) - Estonian (et) - French (fr) - German (de) # Greek-Modern (el) - Hebrew (he) - Italian (it) - Japanese (ja) # Korean (ko) - Luxembourgeois* (ltz) - Norwegian Nynorsk (nn) # Norwegian (no) - Polish (pl) - Portugese (pt) # Brazilian Portuguese (pt-BR) - Russian (ru) - Swedish (sv) # Simplified Chinese (zh-CN) - Spanish (es) - Traditional Chinese (zh-TW) # AddLanguage ca .ca AddLanguage cs .cz .cs AddLanguage da .dk AddLanguage de .de AddLanguage el .el AddLanguage en .en AddLanguage eo .eo AddLanguage es .es AddLanguage et .et AddLanguage fr .fr AddLanguage he .he AddLanguage hr .hr AddLanguage it .it AddLanguage ja .ja AddLanguage ko .ko AddLanguage ltz .ltz AddLanguage nl .nl AddLanguage nn .nn AddLanguage no .no AddLanguage pl .po AddLanguage pt .pt AddLanguage pt-BR .pt-br AddLanguage ru .ru AddLanguage sv .sv AddLanguage zh-CN .zh-cn AddLanguage zh-TW .zh-tw # # LanguagePriority allows you to give precedence to some languages # in case of a tie during content negotiation. # # Just list the languages in decreasing order of preference. We have # more or less alphabetized them here. You probably want to change this. # LanguagePriority en ca cs da de el eo es et fr he hr it ja ko ltz nl nn no pl pt pt-BR ru sv zh-CN zh-TW # # ForceLanguagePriority allows you to serve a result page rather than # MULTIPLE CHOICES (Prefer) [in case of a tie] or NOT ACCEPTABLE (Fallback) # [in case no accepted languages matched the available variants] # ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback # # Specify a default charset for all content served; this enables # interpretation of all content as UTF-8 by default. To use the # default browser choice (ISO-8859-1), or to allow the META tags # in HTML content to override this choice, comment out this # directive: # AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 # # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration # file mime.types for specific file types. # #AddType application/x-tar .tgz # # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this. # Despite the name similarity, the following Add* directives have nothing # to do with the FancyIndexing customization directives above. # #AddEncoding x-compress .Z #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types: # AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz # # MIME-types for downloading Certificates and CRLs # AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crl # # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers": # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server # or added with the Action directive (see below) # # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories: # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.) # #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi # # For files that include their own HTTP headers: # #AddHandler send-as-is asis # # For type maps (negotiated resources): # (This is enabled by default to allow the Apache "It Worked" page # to be distributed in multiple languages.) # AddHandler type-map var # # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client. # # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI): # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.) # AddType text/html .shtml AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml # # Action lets you define media types that will execute a script whenever # a matching file is called. This eliminates the need for repeated URL # pathnames for oft-used CGI file processors. # Format: Action media/type /cgi-script/location # Format: Action handler-name /cgi-script/location # # # Customizable error responses come in three flavors: # 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects # # Some examples: #ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo." #ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html #ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl" #ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html # # # Putting this all together, we can internationalize error responses. # # We use Alias to redirect any /error/HTTP_<error>.html.var response to # our collection of by-error message multi-language collections. We use # includes to substitute the appropriate text. # # You can modify the messages' appearance without changing any of the # default HTTP_<error>.html.var files by adding the line: # # Alias /error/include/ "/your/include/path/" # # which allows you to create your own set of files by starting with the # /var/www/error/include/ files and # copying them to /your/include/path/, even on a per-VirtualHost basis. # Alias /error/ "/var/www/error/" <IfModule mod_negotiation.c> <IfModule mod_include.c> <Directory "/var/www/error"> AllowOverride None Options IncludesNoExec AddOutputFilter Includes html AddHandler type-map var Order allow,deny Allow from all LanguagePriority en es de fr ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback </Directory> # ErrorDocument 400 /error/HTTP_BAD_REQUEST.html.var # ErrorDocument 401 /error/HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED.html.var # ErrorDocument 403 /error/HTTP_FORBIDDEN.html.var # ErrorDocument 404 /error/HTTP_NOT_FOUND.html.var # ErrorDocument 405 /error/HTTP_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED.html.var # ErrorDocument 408 /error/HTTP_REQUEST_TIME_OUT.html.var # ErrorDocument 410 /error/HTTP_GONE.html.var # ErrorDocument 411 /error/HTTP_LENGTH_REQUIRED.html.var # ErrorDocument 412 /error/HTTP_PRECONDITION_FAILED.html.var # ErrorDocument 413 /error/HTTP_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE.html.var # ErrorDocument 414 /error/HTTP_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LARGE.html.var # ErrorDocument 415 /error/HTTP_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE.html.var # ErrorDocument 500 /error/HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.html.var # ErrorDocument 501 /error/HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED.html.var # ErrorDocument 502 /error/HTTP_BAD_GATEWAY.html.var # ErrorDocument 503 /error/HTTP_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE.html.var # ErrorDocument 506 /error/HTTP_VARIANT_ALSO_VARIES.html.var </IfModule> </IfModule> # # The following directives modify normal HTTP response behavior to # handle known problems with browser implementations. # BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive BrowserMatch "MSIE 4\.0b2;" nokeepalive downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 BrowserMatch "RealPlayer 4\.0" force-response-1.0 BrowserMatch "Java/1\.0" force-response-1.0 BrowserMatch "JDK/1\.0" force-response-1.0 # # The following directive disables redirects on non-GET requests for # a directory that does not include the trailing slash. This fixes a # problem with Microsoft WebFolders which does not appropriately handle # redirects for folders with DAV methods. # Same deal with Apple's DAV filesystem and Gnome VFS support for DAV. # BrowserMatch "Microsoft Data Access Internet Publishing Provider" redirect-carefully BrowserMatch "MS FrontPage" redirect-carefully BrowserMatch "^WebDrive" redirect-carefully BrowserMatch "^WebDAVFS/1.[0123]" redirect-carefully BrowserMatch "^gnome-vfs/1.0" redirect-carefully BrowserMatch "^XML Spy" redirect-carefully BrowserMatch "^Dreamweaver-WebDAV-SCM1" redirect-carefully # # Allow server status reports generated by mod_status, # with the URL of http://servername/server-status # Change the ".example.com" to match your domain to enable. # #<Location /server-status> # SetHandler server-status # Order deny,allow # Deny from all # Allow from .example.com #</Location> # # Allow remote server configuration reports, with the URL of # http://servername/server-info (requires that mod_info.c be loaded). # Change the ".example.com" to match your domain to enable. # #<Location /server-info> # SetHandler server-info # Order deny,allow # Deny from all # Allow from .example.com #</Location> # # Proxy Server directives. Uncomment the following lines to # enable the proxy server: # #<IfModule mod_proxy.c> #ProxyRequests On # #<Proxy *> # Order deny,allow # Deny from all # Allow from .example.com #</Proxy> # # Enable/disable the handling of HTTP/1.1 "Via:" headers. # ("Full" adds the server version; "Block" removes all outgoing Via: headers) # Set to one of: Off | On | Full | Block # #ProxyVia On # # To enable a cache of proxied content, uncomment the following lines. # See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_cache.html for more details. # #<IfModule mod_disk_cache.c> # CacheEnable disk / # CacheRoot "/var/cache/mod_proxy" #</IfModule> # #</IfModule> # End of proxy directives. ### Section 3: Virtual Hosts # # VirtualHost: If you want to maintain multiple domains/hostnames on your # machine you can setup VirtualHost containers for them. Most configurations # use only name-based virtual hosts so the server doesn't need to worry about # IP addresses. This is indicated by the asterisks in the directives below. # # Please see the documentation at # <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/vhosts/> # for further details before you try to setup virtual hosts. # # You may use the command line option '-S' to verify your virtual host # configuration. # # Use name-based virtual hosting. # NameVirtualHost *:80 # # NOTE: NameVirtualHost cannot be used without a port specifier # (e.g. :80) if mod_ssl is being used, due to the nature of the # SSL protocol. # # # VirtualHost example: # Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container. # The first VirtualHost section is used for requests without a known # server name. # #<VirtualHost *:80> # ServerAdmin [email protected] # DocumentRoot /www/docs/dummy-host.example.com # ServerName dummy-host.example.com # ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log # CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common #</VirtualHost> # domain: mysite.com # public: /home/websites/public_html/mysite.com/ <VirtualHost *:80> # Admin email, Server Name (domain name) and any aliases ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName mysite.com ServerAlias www.mysite.com # Index file and Document Root (where the public files are located) DirectoryIndex index.html DocumentRoot /home/websites/public_html/mysite.com/public # Custom log file locations LogLevel warn ErrorLog /home/websites/public_html/mysite.com/log/error.log CustomLog /home/websites/public_html/mysite.com/log/access.log combined </VirtualHost>

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• How do bots access directories on a server that are not DocumentRoot of public IP address? How do I stop them?

  - by tmsimont

  I have a local network set up with apache2 and "named" running on OpenSuse 13.1 Linux. I used the "named" service to use my computer as a domain server. I set up my router to point to ask my computer for domain lookups, so I have a chance to have it rewrite a bunch of domains on my network to its own local IP, 192.168.0.111 This works great. I use virtual host configuration to allow various domains and subdomains (re-routed to the same IP via named) to pull up different directories in my computer. For example: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName 192.168.0.111 ServerAlias fmb.wa.net DocumentRoot /home/work/wa.net/fmb </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName 192.168.0.111 ServerAlias postrecord.wa.net DocumentRoot /home/work/wa.net/postrecord </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName 192.168.0.111 ServerAlias cvalley.wa.net DocumentRoot /home/work/wa.net/cvalley_local </VirtualHost> This makes it possible for me to hit cvalley.wa.net from any device in my network and get the site that lives in /home/work/wa.net/cvalley_local I decided to forward port 80 to this computer, so I could share a few development sites with coworkers. I can't control which site they see with the same named service, because they'd have to use my computer as their domain name server... So I added a line like this: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName 192.168.0.111 ServerAlias MY.IP.XXX.XX DocumentRoot /home/work/wa.net/cvalley </VirtualHost> Where "MY.IP.XXX.XX" is my public IP address. This works as expected, when you hit my IP address from a public network you see the site that lives in /home/work/wa.net/cvalley. The point of confusion that I have is that there are public IP addresses in my logs in other sites. I would have expected it to be impossible to access other sites in my network, unless the public user somehow figured out what I'm calling my ServerAliases, and is mimicing my domain set up... How can public traffic be hitting my other local sites? How can I recreate this kind of access? Here are some examples of public IP's hitting my VirtualHost sites: 162.253.66.76 - - [15/Aug/2014:19:20:47 -0600] "GET /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.0" 404 1004 "-" "-" 162.253.66.74 - - [16/Aug/2014:10:50:28 -0600] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 262 "-" "masscan/1.0 (https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan)" 185.4.227.194 - - [16/Aug/2014:11:16:45 -0600] "GET http://24x7-allrequestsallowed.com/?PHPSESSID=1rysxtj500143WQMVT%5E_NAZ%5BQ HTTP/1.1" 200 262 "-" "-" 101.226.254.138 - - [16/Aug/2014:13:32:14 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" 162.253.66.74 - - [16/Aug/2014:14:26:19 -0600] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 262 "-" "masscan/1.0 (https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan)" 212.129.2.119 - - [16/Aug/2014:16:00:51 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" 91.240.163.111 - - [16/Aug/2014:18:34:32 -0600] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 262 "-" "masscan/1.0 (https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan)" 162.253.66.74 - - [16/Aug/2014:19:02:53 -0600] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 262 "-" "masscan/1.0 (https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan)" 122.226.223.69 - - [17/Aug/2014:05:53:09 -0600] "GET http://www.k2proxy.com//hello.html HTTP/1.1" 404 1006 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)" ::1 - - [17/Aug/2014:10:19:26 -0600] "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "Apache/2.4.6 (Linux/SUSE) OpenSSL/1.0.1e PHP/5.4.20 (internal dummy connection)" 162.209.65.196 - - [17/Aug/2014:15:31:53 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" 111.206.199.163 - - [18/Aug/2014:11:12:56 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" 37.187.180.168 - - [18/Aug/2014:15:40:00 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" 62.210.38.226 - - [18/Aug/2014:18:35:16 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" Is there anything that I can do to reliably deny public access by default, but allow it only in one VirtualHost?

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• Leaks on Wikis: "Corporations...You're Next!" Oracle Desktop Virtualization Can Help.

  - by adam.hawley

  Between all the press coverage on the unauthorized release of 251,287 diplomatic documents and on previous extensive releases of classified documents on the events in Iraq and Afghanistan, one could be forgiven for thinking massive leaks are really an issue for governments, but it is not: It is an issue for corporations as well. In fact, corporations are apparently set to be the next big target for things like Wikileaks. Just the threat of such a release against one corporation recently caused the price of their stock to drop 3% after the leak organization claimed to have 5GB of information from inside the company, with the implication that it might be damaging or embarrassing information. At the moment of this blog anyway, we don't know yet if that is true or how they got the information but how did the diplomatic cable leak happen? For the diplomatic cables, according to press reports, a private in the military, with some appropriate level of security clearance (that is, he apparently had the correct level of security clearance to be accessing the information...he reportedly didn't "hack" his way through anything to get to the documents which might have raised some red flags...), is accused of accessing the material and copying it onto a writeable CD labeled "Lady Gaga" and walking out the door with it. Upload and... Done. In the same article, the accused is quoted as saying "Information should be free. It belongs in the public domain." Now think about all the confidential information in your company or non-profit... from credit card information, to phone records, to customer or donor lists, to corporate strategy documents, product cost information, etc, etc.... And then think about that last quote above from what was a very junior level person in the organization...still feeling comfortable with your ability to control all your information? So what can you do to guard against these types of breaches where there is no outsider (or even insider) intrusion to detect per se, but rather someone with malicious intent is physically walking out the door with data that they are otherwise allowed to access in their daily work? A major first step it to make it physically, logistically much harder to walk away with the information. If the user with malicious intent has no way to copy to removable or moble media (USB sticks, thumb drives, CDs, DVDs, memory cards, or even laptop disk drives) then, as a practical matter it is much more difficult to physically move the information outside the firewall. But how can you control access tightly and reliably and still keep your hundreds or even thousands of users productive in their daily job? Oracle Desktop Virtualization products can help.Oracle's comprehensive suite of desktop virtualization and access products allow your applications and, most importantly, the related data, to stay in the (highly secured) data center while still allowing secure access from just about anywhere your users need to be to be productive.  Users can securely access all the data they need to do their job, whether from work, from home, or on the road and in the field, but fully configurable policies set up centrally by privileged administrators allow you to control whether, for instance, they are allowed to print documents or use USB devices or other removable media.  Centrally set policies can also control not only whether they can download to removable devices, but also whether they can upload information (see StuxNet for why that is important...)In fact, by using Sun Ray Client desktop hardware, which does not contain any disk drives, or removable media drives, even theft of the desktop device itself would not make you vulnerable to data loss, unlike a laptop that can be stolen with hundreds of gigabytes of information on its disk drive.  And for extreme security situations, Sun Ray Clients even come standard with the ability to use fibre optic ethernet networking to each client to prevent the possibility of unauthorized monitoring of network traffic.But even without Sun Ray Client hardware, users can leverage Oracle's Secure Global Desktop software or the Oracle Virtual Desktop Client to securely access server-resident applications, desktop sessions, or full desktop virtual machines without persisting any application data on the desktop or laptop being used to access the information.  And, again, even in this context, the Oracle products allow you to control what gets uploaded, downloaded, or printed for example.Another benefit of Oracle's Desktop Virtualization and access products is the ability to rapidly and easily shut off user access centrally through administrative polices if, for example, an employee changes roles or leaves the company and should no longer have access to the information.Oracle's Desktop Virtualization suite of products can help reduce operating expense and increase user productivity, and those are good reasons alone to consider their use.  But the dynamics of today's world dictate that security is one of the top reasons for implementing a virtual desktop architecture in enterprises.For more information on these products, view the webpages on www.oracle.com and the Oracle Technology Network website.

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• Cisco ASA 5505 site to site IPSEC VPN won't route from multiple LANs

  - by franklundy

  Hi I've set up a standard site to site VPN between 2 ASA 5505s (using the wizard in ASDM) and have the VPN working fine for traffic between Site A and Site B on the directly connected LANs. But this VPN is actually to be used for data originating on LAN subnets that are one hop away from the directly connected LANs. So actually there is another router connected to each ASA (LAN side) that then route to two completely different LAN ranges, where the clients and servers reside. At the moment, any traffic that gets to the ASA that has not originated from the directly connected LAN gets sent straight to the default gateway, and not through the VPN. I've tried adding the additional subnets to the "Protected Networks" on the VPN, but that has no effect. I have also tried adding a static route to each ASA trying to point the traffic to the other side, but again this hasn't worked. Here is the config for one of the sites. This works for traffic to/from the 192.168.144.x subnets perfectly. What I need is to be able to route traffic from 10.1.0.0/24 to 10.2.0.0/24 for example. ASA Version 8.0(3) ! hostname Site1 enable password ** encrypted names name 192.168.144.4 Site2 ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.144.2 255.255.255.252 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 10.78.254.70 255.255.255.252 (this is a private WAN circuit) ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 ! interface Ethernet0/4 ! interface Ethernet0/5 ! interface Ethernet0/6 ! interface Ethernet0/7 ! passwd ** encrypted ftp mode passive access-list inside_access_in extended permit ip any any access-list outside_access_in extended permit icmp any any echo-reply access-list outside_1_cryptomap extended permit ip 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.252 Site2 255.255.255.252 access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.252 Site2 255.255.255.252 pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 asdm image disk0:/asdm-603.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 access-group inside_access_in in interface inside access-group outside_access_in in interface outside route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.78.254.69 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL http server enable http 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside http 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto map outside_map 1 match address outside_1_cryptomap crypto map outside_map 1 set pfs crypto map outside_map 1 set peer 10.78.254.66 crypto map outside_map 1 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 no crypto isakmp nat-traversal telnet timeout 5 ssh 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 management-access inside threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics port threat-detection statistics protocol threat-detection statistics access-list group-policy DfltGrpPolicy attributes vpn-idle-timeout none username enadmin password * encrypted privilege 15 tunnel-group 10.78.254.66 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group 10.78.254.66 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * ! ! prompt hostname context

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• Computer Networks UNISA - Chap 8 &ndash; Wireless Networking

  - by MarkPearl

  After reading this section you should be able to Explain how nodes exchange wireless signals Identify potential obstacles to successful transmission and their repercussions, such as interference and reflection Understand WLAN architecture Specify the characteristics of popular WLAN transmission methods including 802.11 a/b/g/n Install and configure wireless access points and their clients Describe wireless MAN and WAN technologies, including 802.16 and satellite communications The Wireless Spectrum All wireless signals are carried through the air by electromagnetic waves. The wireless spectrum is a continuum of the electromagnetic waves used for data and voice communication. The wireless spectrum falls between 9KHZ and 300 GHZ. Characteristics of Wireless Transmission Antennas Each type of wireless service requires an antenna specifically designed for that service. The service’s specification determine the antenna’s power output, frequency, and radiation pattern. A directional antenna issues wireless signals along a single direction. An omnidirectional antenna issues and receives wireless signals with equal strength and clarity in all directions The geographical area that an antenna or wireless system can reach is known as its range Signal Propagation LOS (line of sight) uses the least amount of energy and results in the reception of the clearest possible signal. When there is an obstacle in the way, the signal may… pass through the object or be obsrobed by the object or may be subject to reflection, diffraction or scattering. Reflection – waves encounter an object and bounces off it. Diffraction – signal splits into secondary waves when it encounters an obstruction Scattering – is the diffusion or the reflection in multiple different directions of a signal Signal Degradation Fading occurs as a signal hits various objects. Because of fading, the strength of the signal that reaches the receiver is lower than the transmitted signal strength. The further a signal moves from its source, the weaker it gets (this is called attenuation) Signals are also affected by noise – the electromagnetic interference) Interference can distort and weaken a wireless signal in the same way that noise distorts and weakens a wired signal. Frequency Ranges Older wireless devices used the 2.4 GHZ band to send and receive signals. This had 11 communication channels that are unlicensed. Newer wireless devices can also use the 5 GHZ band which has 24 unlicensed bands Narrowband, Broadband, and Spread Spectrum Signals Narrowband – a transmitter concentrates the signal energy at a single frequency or in a very small range of frequencies Broadband – uses a relatively wide band of the wireless spectrum and offers higher throughputs than narrowband technologies The use of multiple frequencies to transmit a signal is known as spread-spectrum technology. In other words a signal never stays continuously within one frequency range during its transmission. One specific implementation of spread spectrum is FHSS (frequency hoping spread spectrum). Another type is known as DSS (direct sequence spread spectrum) Fixed vs. Mobile Each type of wireless communication falls into one of two categories Fixed – the location of the transmitted and receiver do not move (results in energy saved because weaker signal strength is possible with directional antennas) Mobile – the location can change WLAN (Wireless LAN) Architecture There are two main types of arrangements Adhoc – data is sent directly between devices – good for small local devices Infrastructure mode – a wireless access point is placed centrally, that all devices connect with 802.11 WLANs The most popular wireless standards used on contemporary LANs are those developed by IEEE’s 802.11 committee. Over the years several distinct standards related to wireless networking have been released. Four of the best known standards are also referred to as Wi-Fi. They are…. 802.11b 802.11a 802.11g 802.11n These four standards share many characteristics. i.e. All 4 use half duplex signalling Follow the same access method Access Method 802.11 standards specify the use of CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) to access a shared medium. Using CSMA/CA before a station begins to send data on an 802.11 network, it checks for existing wireless transmissions. If the source node detects no transmission activity on the network, it waits a brief period of time and then sends its transmission. If the source does detect activity, it waits a brief period of time before checking again. The destination node receives the transmission and, after verifying its accuracy, issues an acknowledgement (ACT) packet to the source. If the source receives the ACK it assumes the transmission was successful, – if it does not receive an ACK it assumes the transmission failed and sends it again. Association Two types of scanning… Active – station transmits a special frame, known as a prove, on all available channels within its frequency range. When an access point finds the probe frame, it issues a probe response. Passive – wireless station listens on all channels within its frequency range for a special signal, known as a beacon frame, issued from an access point – the beacon frame contains information necessary to connect to the point. Re-association occurs when a mobile user moves out of one access point’s range and into the range of another. Frames Read page 378 – 381 about frames and specific 802.11 protocols Bluetooth Networks Sony Ericson originally invented the Bluetooth technology in the early 1990s. In 1998 other manufacturers joined Ericsson in the Special Interest Group (SIG) whose aim was to refine and standardize the technology. Bluetooth was designed to be used on small networks composed of personal communications devices. It has become popular wireless technology for communicating among cellular telephones, phone headsets, etc. Wireless WANs and Internet Access Refer to pages 396 – 402 of the textbook for details.

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• ASA 5505 stops local internet when connected to VPN

  - by g18c

  Hi I have a Cisco ASA router running firmware 8.2(5) which hosts an internal LAN on 192.168.30.0/24. I have used the VPN Wizard to setup L2TP access and I can connect in fine from a Windows box and can ping hosts behind the VPN router. However, when connected to the VPN I can no longer ping out to my internet or browse web pages. I would like to be able to access the VPN, and also browse the internet at the same time - I understand this is called split tunneling (have ticked the setting in the wizard but to no effect) and if so how do I do this? Alternatively, if split tunneling is a pain to setup, then making the connected VPN client have internet access from the ASA WAN IP would be OK. Thanks, Chris names ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 208.74.158.58 255.255.255.252 ! ftp mode passive access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip any 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.128 access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.30.192 255.255.255.192 access-list DefaultRAGroup_splitTunnelAcl standard permit 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 access-list DefaultRAGroup_splitTunnelAcl_1 standard permit 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 pager lines 24 logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 ip local pool LANVPNPOOL 192.168.30.220-192.168.30.249 mask 255.255.255.0 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 1 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 208.74.158.57 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 timeout floating-conn 0:00:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy http server enable http 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 inside snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-MD5 esp-aes-256 esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-SHA esp-des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-MD5 esp-des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-192-MD5 esp-aes-192 esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-MD5 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA esp-aes-256 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA esp-aes esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-192-SHA esp-aes-192 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-128-MD5 esp-aes esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA mode transport crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 crypto dynamic-map SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP 65535 set transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA ESP-AES-128-MD5 ESP-AES-192-SHA ESP-AES-192-MD5 ESP-AES-256-SHA ESP-AES-256-MD5 ESP-3DES-SHA ESP-3DES-MD5 ESP-DES-SHA ESP-DES-MD5 TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 telnet timeout 5 ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 dhcpd auto_config outside ! threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics access-list no threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept webvpn group-policy DefaultRAGroup internal group-policy DefaultRAGroup attributes dns-server value 192.168.30.3 vpn-tunnel-protocol l2tp-ipsec split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified split-tunnel-network-list value DefaultRAGroup_splitTunnelAcl_1 username user password Cj7W5X7wERleAewO8ENYtg== nt-encrypted privilege 0 tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup general-attributes address-pool LANVPNPOOL default-group-policy DefaultRAGroup tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key ***** tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ppp-attributes no authentication chap authentication ms-chap-v2 ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum client auto message-length maximum 512 policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns preset_dns_map inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect esmtp inspect sqlnet inspect skinny inspect sunrpc inspect xdmcp inspect sip inspect netbios inspect tftp inspect ip-options ! service-policy global_policy global prompt hostname context : end

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• Why can't I get to a shared folder from Windows

  - by Ron

  I want to access a folder on my new Ubuntu 12.10 box from any machine on my network without the need to provide credentials. My machine name is Ubuntu1 I have a 2TB disk that formatted NTFS that has media on it The mount point is mount1 I have numerous folders on the disk and I want to share each of them individually I have enabled folder1 and folder2 for sharing I have enabled shared access, Allow others to create and delete files in this folder and guest access is allowed. The folder icon now has arrows so I assume all is good. From windows I can see under network Ubuntu1folder1 Ubuntu1folder2 When I click to open the folder from windows I get the error "You cannot access \Ubuntu1\folder1 You do not have permission to access \Ubuntu1\folder1 I have them both on the same workgroup. Your assistance would be appreciated

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• got VPN l2l connect between a site & HQ but not traffice using ASA5505 on both ends

  - by vinlata

  Hi, Could anyone see what did I do wrong here? this is one configuration of site1 to HQ on ASA5505, I can get connected but seems like no traffic going (allowed) between them, could it be a NAT issue? any helps would much be appreciated Thanks interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 172.30.205.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address pppoe setroute ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/3 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/4 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/5 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/6 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/7 shutdown ! passwd .dIuXDIYzD6RSHz7 encrypted ftp mode passive dns server-group DefaultDNS domain-name errg.net object-group network HQ network-object 172.22.0.0 255.255.0.0 network-object 172.22.0.0 255.255.128.0 network-object 172.22.0.0 255.255.255.128 network-object 172.22.1.0 255.255.255.128 network-object 172.22.1.0 255.255.255.0 access-list inside_access_in extended permit ip any any access-list outside_access_in extended permit icmp any any echo-reply access-list outside_20_cryptomap extended permit ip 172.30.205.0 255.255.255.0 o bject-group HQ access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip 172.30.205.0 255.255.255.0 o bject-group HQ access-list policy-nat extended permit ip 172.30.205.0 255.255.255.0 172.22.0.0 255.255.0.0 pager lines 24 logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 nat-control global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 static (inside,outside) 172.30.205.0 access-list policy-nat access-group inside_access_in in interface inside access-group outside_access_in in interface outside timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute username errgadmin password Os98gTdF8BZ0X2Px encrypted privilege 15 http server enable http 64.42.2.224 255.255.255.240 outside http 172.22.0.0 255.255.0.0 outside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto map outside_map 190 match address outside_20_cryptomap crypto map outside_map 190 set pfs crypto map outside_map 190 set peer 66.7.249.109 crypto map outside_map 190 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA crypto map outside_map 190 set phase1-mode aggressive crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 30 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 crypto isakmp policy 65535 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 crypto isakmp nat-traversal 190 crypto isakmp ipsec-over-tcp port 10000 tunnel-group 66.7.249.109 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group 66.7.249.109 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * telnet timeout 5 ssh 172.30.205.0 255.255.255.0 inside ssh 172.22.0.0 255.255.0.0 outside ssh 64.42.2.224 255.255.255.240 outside ssh 172.25.0.0 255.255.128.0 outside ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 management-access inside vpdn group PPPoEx request dialout pppoe vpdn group PPPoEx localname [email protected] vpdn group PPPoEx ppp authentication pap vpdn username [email protected] password ********* dhcpd address 172.30.205.100-172.30.205.131 inside dhcpd dns 172.22.0.133 68.94.156.1 interface inside dhcpd wins 172.22.0.133 interface inside dhcpd domain errg.net interface inside dhcpd enable inside ! ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum 512 policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns preset_dns_map inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect netbios inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect skinny inspect esmtp inspect sqlnet inspect sunrpc inspect tftp inspect sip inspect xdmcp ! end

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• Rebooting access point via SSH with pexpect... hangs. Any ideas?

  - by MiniQuark

  When I want to reboot my D-Link DWL-3200-AP access point from my bash shell, I connect to the AP using ssh and I just type reboot in the CLI interface. After about 30 seconds, the AP is rebooted: # ssh [email protected] [email protected]'s password: ******** Welcome to Wireless SSH Console!! ['help' or '?' to see commands] Wireless Driver Rev 4.0.0.167 D-Link Access Point wlan1 -> reboot Sound's great? Well unfortunately the ssh client process never exits, for some reason (maybe the AP kills the ssh server a bit too fast, I don't know). My ssh client process is completely blocked (even if I wait for several minutes, nothing happens). I always have to wait for the AP to reboot, then open another shell, find the ssh client process ID (using ps aux | grep ssh) then kill the ssh process using kill <pid>. That's quite annoying. So I decided to write a python script to reboot the AP. The script connects to the AP's CLI interface via ssh, using python-pexpect, and it tries to launch the "reboot" command. Here's what the script looks like: #!/usr/bin/python # usage: python reboot_ap.py {host} {user} {password} import pexpect import sys import time command = "ssh %(user)s@%(host)s"%{"user":sys.argv[2], "host":sys.argv[1]} session = pexpect.spawn(command, timeout=30) # start ssh process response = session.expect(r"password:") # wait for password prompt session.sendline(sys.argv[3]) # send password session.expect(" -> ") # wait for D-Link CLI prompt session.sendline("reboot") # send the reboot command time.sleep(60) # make sure the reboot has time to actually take place session.close(force=True) # kill the ssh process The script connects properly to the AP (I tried running some other commands than reboot, they work fine), it sends the reboot command, waits for one minute, then kills the ssh process. The problem is: this time, the AP never reboots! I have no idea why. Any solution, anyone?

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• Cisco VPN Client Behind ASA 5505

  - by fdf33

  I'm trying to get connected to another ASA via Cisco VPN Client. I am behind an ASA 5505 myself and I am tryihng to VPN to a 5510. I get the message: Secure VPN Connection terminated locally by the Client. Reason 412: The remote peer is no longer responding. I can connect to the other ASA if I use a normal cheap Linksys. Here's the version of my ASA: Result of the command: "sh ver" Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software Version 8.4(1) Any help would be great. Thanks running-config : Saved : Written by enable_15 at 23:12:32.378 UTC Fri Jul 1 2011 ! ASA Version 8.4(1) ! hostname aaaasa domain-name aaa.local enable password xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx encrypted passwd xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx encrypted names ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 255.255.254.0 ! interface Vlan5 no nameif security-level 50 ip address 172.16.0.254 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan500 no nameif security-level 100 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 ! interface Ethernet0/4 ! interface Ethernet0/5 ! interface Ethernet0/6 ! interface Ethernet0/7 ! boot system disk0:/asa841-k8.bin ftp mode passive dns domain-lookup inside dns domain-lookup outside dns server-group DefaultDNS name-server 4.2.2.2 domain-name aaa.local same-security-traffic permit inter-interface same-security-traffic permit intra-interface object network obj_any subnet 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 object network A_93.97.168.1 host 93.97.168.1 object network rdp host 192.168.1.2 object network NETWORK_OBJ_192.168.1.0_24 subnet 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 access-list 101 extended permit tcp any host 192.168.1.2 eq 3389 access-list 101 extended permit icmp any any echo-reply access-list 101 extended permit icmp any any source-quench access-list 101 extended permit icmp any any time-exceeded access-list 101 extended permit icmp any any unreachable access-list 102 extended permit ip any any pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1492 ip local pool VPNPool 192.168.2.200-192.168.2.210 mask 255.255.255.0 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 asdm image disk0:/asdm-641.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 ! object network rdp nat (inside,outside) static interface service tcp 3389 3389 ! nat (inside,outside) after-auto source dynamic any interface access-group 101 in interface outside access-group 102 out interface outside ! router ospf 1 network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 area 0 log-adj-changes ! route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 93.97.168.1 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy http server enable http 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal DES protocol esp encryption des protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal 3DES protocol esp encryption 3des protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES protocol esp encryption aes protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES192 protocol esp encryption aes-192 protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES256 protocol esp encryption aes-256 protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5 crypto dynamic-map SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP 65535 set ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES256 AES192 AES 3DES DES crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto ca trustpoint ASDM_TrustPoint0 enrollment self subject-name CN=ciscoasa proxy-ldc-issuer crl configure crypto ca certificate chain ASDM_TrustPoint0 certificate 8877d64d 30820248 308201b1 a0030201 02020488 77d64d30 0d06092a 864886f7 0d010105 05003036 3111300f 06035504 03130863 6973636f 61736131 21301f06 092a8648 86f70d01 09021612 63697363 6f617361 2e6e6a64 2e6c6f63 616c301e 170d3131 30353231 30383533 34325a17 0d323130 35313830 38353334 325a3036 3111300f 06035504 03130863 6973636f 61736131 21301f06 092a8648 86f70d01 09021612 63697363 6f617361 2e6e6a64 2e6c6f63 616c3081 9f300d06 092a8648 86f70d01 01010500 03818d00 30818902 818100ea 1aa95141 480e616c efee6816 a96d6511 313b6776 cd3dd57b cd84b4d2 5e108aee 7c980086 4d92e2eb b6c7bf66 4585af0a ccbf153a db9270be c6f5c67b db9dd8d1 2f78d033 3348b056 df4be0da 70e08953 53adf294 9db6c020 597d250f bf448b43 b90179c8 ff0b15d8 744632d9 31c1945f 0b11e258 b4c1d224 692efff4 7b2f5102 03010001 a3633061 300f0603 551d1301 01ff0405 30030101 ff300e06 03551d0f 0101ff04 04030201 86301f06 03551d23 04183016 8014493c 19db183a ab1af9e9 b1e44ad4 2a408b3c 89d1301d 0603551d 0e041604 14493c19 db183aab 1af9e9b1 e44ad42a 408b3c89 d1300d06 092a8648 86f70d01 01050500 03818100 1dd1760a fdd15941 4803fb9a cd6f44a7 2e275854 a1c0fbe1 d19f2cc9 182d43ef a547f854 8df96d15 3ea79c62 cf3fcb1c 5820360b c607dbfc 4de8bb16 19f727e9 b928a085 665816d8 138e4a35 ed610950 7910dd4a 0b1a9dd9 0e26f1c8 b78bc0cc cbf19eb2 4c4c3931 45199ea5 249e3266 661e44fd 7a00d376 dcfc6e4e d43f10b8 quit crypto isakmp nat-traversal 30 crypto ikev2 policy 1 encryption aes-256 integrity sha group 5 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 10 encryption aes-192 integrity sha group 5 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 20 encryption aes integrity sha group 5 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 30 encryption 3des integrity sha group 5 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 policy 40 encryption des integrity sha group 5 prf sha lifetime seconds 86400 crypto ikev2 enable outside client-services port 443 crypto ikev2 remote-access trustpoint ASDM_TrustPoint0 telnet timeout 5 ssh 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 dhcpd auto_config outside ! dhcpd address 192.168.1.5-192.168.1.36 inside dhcpd dns 4.2.2.2 interface inside dhcpd enable inside ! threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics host number-of-rate 3 threat-detection statistics port threat-detection statistics protocol threat-detection statistics access-list threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept rate-interval 30 burst-rate 400 average-rate 200 ntp server 82.219.4.31 source outside prefer ssl trust-point ASDM_TrustPoint0 outside webvpn enable outside anyconnect image disk0:/anyconnect-win-2.4.1012-k9.pkg 1 anyconnect profiles AnyConnectVPN_client_profile disk0:/AnyConnectVPN_client_profile.xml anyconnect profiles SSLAnyConnectVPN_client_profile disk0:/SSLAnyConnectVPN_client_profile.xml anyconnect enable tunnel-group-list enable group-policy GroupPolicy_AnyConnectVPN internal group-policy GroupPolicy_AnyConnectVPN attributes wins-server none dns-server value 4.2.2.2 vpn-tunnel-protocol ikev2 ssl-client ssl-clientless default-domain value aaa.local webvpn url-list none anyconnect profiles value AnyConnectVPN_client_profile type user group-policy GroupPolicy_SSLAnyConnectVPN internal group-policy GroupPolicy_SSLAnyConnectVPN attributes wins-server none dns-server value 4.2.2.2 vpn-tunnel-protocol ikev2 ssl-client default-domain value aaa.local webvpn anyconnect profiles value SSLAnyConnectVPN_client_profile type user username testuser password xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx encrypted privilege 0 username testuser attributes vpn-group-policy GroupPolicy_AnyConnectVPN tunnel-group SSLPOL type remote-access tunnel-group SSLPOL general-attributes default-group-policy GroupPolicy_AnyConnectVPN tunnel-group SSLAnyConnectVPN type remote-access tunnel-group SSLAnyConnectVPN general-attributes address-pool VPNPool default-group-policy GroupPolicy_SSLAnyConnectVPN tunnel-group SSLAnyConnectVPN webvpn-attributes group-alias SSLAnyConnectVPN enable ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum 512 policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns preset_dns_map inspect esmtp inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect ip-options inspect netbios inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect sip inspect skinny inspect sqlnet inspect sunrpc inspect tftp inspect xdmcp ! service-policy global_policy global prompt hostname context call-home profile CiscoTAC-1 no active destination address http https://tools.cisco.com/its/service/oddce/services/DDCEService destination address email [email protected] destination transport-method http subscribe-to-alert-group diagnostic subscribe-to-alert-group environment subscribe-to-alert-group inventory periodic monthly subscribe-to-alert-group configuration periodic monthly subscribe-to-alert-group telemetry periodic daily Cryptochecksum:94a65341aa27d3929d5e92a32ba22120 : end

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• Silverlight WCF access returning an IList of LLBLGen entities?

  - by Tim

  Hi I'm having a problem passing an entity collection back from LLBLGen to silverlight. My contract looks like this. I don't even know if this is possible. My web service code looks like this: public IEnumerable GetCustomer(long custId, string acctKey) { var toReturn = new WaterWorksCustomersEntity(custId, acctKey); using (var adapter = new DataAccessAdapter()) { adapter.ConnectionString = "data source=CWCPROD.cwc.local;user.."; adapter.FetchEntity(toReturn); } IList customers = new List(); customers.Add(toReturn); return customers; } On the silverlight client I'm doing ... var client = new Service1Client(); client.GetCustomerCompleted +=new EventHandler(client_GetCustomerCompleted); client.GetCustomerAsync(2,"110865"); The compilation is failing with this error: Error 1 The type or namespace name 'ArrayOfXElement' does not exist in the namespace 'AppointmentClientSL.ServiceReference1' (are you missing an assembly reference?) c:\work\Appointment\Appointment\AppointmentClientSL\Service References\ServiceReference1\Reference.cs 63 54 AppointmentClientSL It looks like SL is not able to deal with the data the web service is returning. Can anyone help???

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• How can I run BitchX when I don't have ssh or shell access?

  - by Christopher

  I just installed an IRC bot, B****X (Don't ask, I don't know - the real name is not censored). I did all of the configuration and chmod'ed the pl files to 755, but running it won't work. My host does not allow SSH/Shell (which is how the documentation says to runs he script), but just going to the URL usually works because of this. However, I get a 500 (Internal Server Error) error. I have logged errors: Possible unintended interpolation of @moz in string at ./bitch.conf line 78 (#1) (W ambiguous) You said something like `@foo' in a double-quoted string but there was no array @foo in scope at the time. If you wanted a literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out what happened to the array you apparently lost track of. [Fri Mar 19 16:31:43 2010] bitch.pl: Possible unintended interpolation of @moz in string at ./bitch.conf line 78. Uncaught exception from user code: [Fri Mar 19 16:31:46 2010] bitch.pl: [[31mFAILED[0m] (connect error: Connection refused) at /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.8.8/CGI/Carp.pm line 354 CGI::Carp::realdie('[Fri Mar 19 16:31:46 2010] bitch.pl: [\x{1b}[31mFAILED\x{1b}[0m] (conne...') called at /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.8.8/CGI/Carp.pm line 446 CGI::Carp::die('[\x{1b}[31mFAILED\x{1b}[0m] (connect error: Connection refused)\x{a}') called at bitch.pl line 555 Thanks in advance

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• Adding delegate with calendar access using Exchange Web Services?

  - by BryanG

  I have a set up where I need to add a delegate to various user calendars programmatically. Using a sample from MDSN, I've gotten as far as trying to add the delegate, but after the call to the service binding, I get nothing back...no success or fail....nothing. How I create the service binidng: // Initialize the service binding serviceBinding = new ExchangeServiceBinding(); serviceBinding.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(Properties.Settings.Default.UserName, Properties.Settings.Default.Password, Properties.Settings.Default.Domain); // A production application should call the autodiscover service to locate the service binding url serviceBinding.Url = Properties.Settings.Default.EWSUrlEndPoint; serviceBinding.RequestServerVersionValue = new RequestServerVersion(); serviceBinding.RequestServerVersionValue.Version = ExchangeVersionType.Exchange2007_SP1; serviceBinding.AllowAutoRedirect = true; and the delegate addition: static void AddDelegate(string email) { // Create the request. AddDelegateType request = new AddDelegateType(); // Identify the agent's mailbox. request.Mailbox = new EmailAddressType(); request.Mailbox.EmailAddress = email; // add the exch_integration user as a delegate request.DelegateUsers = new DelegateUserType[1]; request.DelegateUsers[0] = new DelegateUserType(); request.DelegateUsers[0].UserId = new UserIdType(); request.DelegateUsers[0].UserId.PrimarySmtpAddress = "[email protected]"; // Specify the permissions that are granted to exch_integration request.DelegateUsers[0].DelegatePermissions = new DelegatePermissionsType(); request.DelegateUsers[0].DelegatePermissions.CalendarFolderPermissionLevel = DelegateFolderPermissionLevelType.Author; request.DelegateUsers[0].DelegatePermissions.CalendarFolderPermissionLevelSpecified = true; // Specify whether the agent recieves meeting requests. request.DeliverMeetingRequests = DeliverMeetingRequestsType.DelegatesAndSendInformationToMe; request.DeliverMeetingRequestsSpecified = true; try { // Send the request and get the response. AddDelegateResponseMessageType response = serviceBinding.AddDelegate(request); DelegateUserResponseMessageType[] responseMessages = response.ResponseMessages; // One DelegateUserResponseMessageType exists for each attempt to add a delegate user to an account. foreach (DelegateUserResponseMessageType user in responseMessages) { Console.WriteLine("Results of adding user: " + user.ResponseClass.ToString()); Console.WriteLine(user.DelegateUser.UserId.DisplayName); Console.WriteLine(user.DelegateUser.UserId.PrimarySmtpAddress); Console.WriteLine(user.DelegateUser.UserId.SID); } Console.ReadLine(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); Console.ReadLine(); } } The response nothing which must mean that the AddDelegate call isn't hitting the server properly, but I'm not sure. Thanks.

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• Silverlight - Access the Layout Grid's DataContext in a DataGrid CellTemplate's DataTemplate?

  - by Sudeep

  Hi, I am using Silverlight 3 to develop an application. In my app, I have a layout Grid (named "LayoutGrid") in which I have a DataGrid (named "PART_datagrid") with DataGridTemplateColumns. The LayoutGrid is set a DataContext in which there is a Ladders list as a property. This Ladders list is set as the ItemsSource for the PART_datagrid. <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot"> <DataGrid x:Name="PART_datagrid" ItemsSource="{Binding Ladders}"> ... <DataGridTemplateColumn> <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate> <DataTemplate> <Button Name="DeleteLadder" Click.Command="{Binding ElementName=LayoutRoot, Path=DataContext.DeleteLadderCommand}" /> Now in one of the DataGridTemplateColumns I have a button which should invoke a Command thats present in the LayoutGrid's DataContext. So I tried Element-To-Element binding on my DataTemplate button as follows <Button Name="DeleteLadder" Click.Command="{Binding ElementName=LayoutRoot, Path=DataContext.DeleteLadderCommand}" /> But this does not seem to work. What I want to achieve is to handle the event of deletion of a DataGrid row at the parent DataContext level using the command. Can someone pls suggest how do I proceed on this? Thanks in advance...

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• How can an iPhone access another non-iPhone device over wireless or bluetooth?

  - by Tai Squared

  I'm trying to figure out if an iPhone can connect to another non-iPhone device over wireless or bluetooth and have seen conflicting information. Much of what I've found was before version 3.0 of the SDK came out, when it certainly wasn't possible. Looking at questions like this mention you can't connect to an arbitrary device unless if it's part of the "Works for iPhone" device. Do I need hardware that is part of this program? Looking through the Apple documentation, it mentions connecting two iPhones, not an iPhone to another Bluetooth device. Then there are articles like this that includes this quote ...and with the newly-announced "standard support" should allow file transfer between the iPhone and a computer, as well as between nearby iPhones Other questions mention Bonjour, and the Apple documentation talk about connecting to Bonjour devices, but can an iPhone connect to any Bonjour device? Does it have to have a wifi connection, or can it use Bluetooth? Even if I could use Bluetooth to connect to another device, it won't be available on first generation iPhones and iTouches, I believe. Is that correct? I'm thinking of an iPhone application that would need to communicate with other non-iPhone devices in the area, probably using Bluetooth, but possibly a direct wireless connection. What are the possibilities and limitations of this approach? Is it not possible to have an iPhone connect to an arbitrary Bluetooth device? Does the other device have to be on a wireless Bonjour network that? I'm trying to figure out if it's even possible for this to work or if it's not worth the effort.

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• Is it possible to safely access data in a nested data structure like Template Toolkit does?

  - by wombat

  Is there a module that provides functionality like Template Toolkit does when accessing a deeply nested data structure? I want to pull out something like $a = $hash{first}[0]{second}{third}[3] without having to test each part of the structure to see if it conforms to what I expect. If %hash = {} I want $a = undef, not produce an error.

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• Spring Security Issue: Controller, Anonymous Requests...

  - by Srirangan

  Hey guys, I have an app that uses Spring security and BlazeDS. Flex 3.2 is used for the client app. Generally client app makes service calls using RemoteObjects. However, for certain cases client app is sending a request to a URL. We're using Annotated Controllers for URL mapping. Here's where the "Access is denied" exception comes up: 2010-04-12 11:43:23,486 [qtp5138683-16] ERROR fr.plasticomnium.gpoc.utils.ServiceExceptionInterceptor - Unexpected RuntimeException : Access is denied org.springframework.security.access.AccessDeniedException: Access is denied at org.springframework.security.access.vote.AffirmativeBased.decide(AffirmativeBased.java:71) at org.springframework.security.access.intercept.AbstractSecurityInterceptor.beforeInvocation(AbstractSecurityInterceptor.java:203) at org.springframework.security.access.intercept.aopalliance.MethodSecurityInterceptor.invoke(MethodSecurityInterceptor.java:64) at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172) at fr.plasticomnium.gpoc.utils.ServiceExceptionInterceptor.invoke(ServiceExceptionInterceptor.java:15) at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172) at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:110) at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172) at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:89) at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172) at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:202) ... ...

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• Can the public ssh key from my local machine be used to access two different users on a remote serve

  - by Nick

  I have an new ubuntu (hardy 8.04) server, it has two users, User1 and User2. User1 is listed in sudoers. I appended my public ssh key (my local machine's public key local/Users/nick/.ssh/id_rsa.pub) to authorized_keys in remote_server/home/user1/.ssh/authorized_keys, changed the permissions on user1/.ssh/ to 700 and user1/.ssh/authorized_keys to 600 and both file and folder are owned my User1. Then added I User1 to sshd_config (AllowUsers User1). This works and I can login into User1 debug1: Offering public key: /Users/nick/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 277 debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug1: Entering interactive session. Last login: Mon Mar 15 09:51:01 2010 from ..*.* I then copied the authorized_keys file remote_server/home/user1/.ssh/authorized_keys to remote_server/home/user2/.shh/authorized_keys and changed the permissions and ownership and added User2 to AllowUsers in sshd_config (AllowUsers User1 User2). Now when I try to login to User2 it will not authenticate the same public key. debug1: Offering public key: /Users/nick/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/nick/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /Users/nick/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). Am I missing something fundamental about the way ssh works? Thanks in advance, Nick

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• Access <body> tag properties from form found in mediaboxAdvanced lightbox.

  - by Christopher Richa

  I am building my portfolio website simply using HTML, Flash, and the Mootools Javascript framework. I have decided to implement a theme changing feature using Javascript and cookies. When the user clicks on the "Change Theme" link, a mediaboxAdvanced lightbox appears, containing a real-time form which allows you to change the theme on the portfolio. Here's the code for the form: <div id="mb_inline" style="display: none; margin:15px;"> <h3>Change Your Theme</h3> <form> <fieldset> <select id="background_color" name="background_color"> <option value="#dcf589">Original</option> <option value="#000FFF">Blue</option> <option value="#00FF00">Green</option> </select> </fieldset> </form> </div> I know, there is no submit button, but as soon as something is changed in that form, the following Mootools code happens: var themeChanger = new Class( { pageBody : null, themeOptions : null, initialize: function() { this.pageBody = $(document.body); this.themeOptions = $('background_color'); this.themeOptions.addEvent('change', this.change_theme.bindWithEvent(this)); }, change_theme: function(event) { alert("Hello"); } }); window.addEvent('domready', function() { var themeChanger_class = new themeChanger(); }); Now this is only a test function, which should be triggered when the dropdown menu changes. However, it seems that none of it works when the form is in the lightbox! Now if I decide to run the form outside of the lightbox, then it works great! Am I missing something? If you need more examples, I will fill in on demand. Thank you all in advance. -Christopher

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