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• Multiple vlans access to shared pbx system

  - by Matt

  I'm new to networking and was looking for some assistance. First off I'm using packet tracer to diagram my scenario as I will be receiving my equipment next week to deploy. Hardware to be used: 2 catalyst 3560 switches all connect to a sonic wall router I have two companies that work in the same office space. I need to keep these companies separate on their own vlan. They will however need to share the phone system. (Packet tracer file uploaded to give those who have the time to see what I put together.) http://dl.dropbox.com/u/86234623/network%20build.pkt Here is my current test scenario: on switch 0 I have: company A on vlan 2 computers 172.16.1.100 and 101 255.255.0.0 FA0/10 FA0/11 company B on vlan 3 computers 172.16.2.102, 255.255.0.0 FA0/12 PBX on a trunk port 172.16.0.5, 255.255.0.0 FA0/5 trunk port on FA0/1 to connect the switches on switch 1 I have: company A on vlan 2 computers 172.16.1.102, 255.255.0.0 company B on vlan 3 computers 172.16.2.100 and 101, 255.255.0.0 trunk port on FA0/1 to connect the switches I can ping the respective computers on the same vlan but cant ping company A to B which is what I want. However neither company can talk (ping) the PBX. Here are the commands I used to configure what I have: switch 0 en conf t vlan 2 name A vlan 3 name B int fa0/10 switchport mode access switchport access vlan 2 int fa0/11 switchport mode access switchport access vlan 2 int fa0/12 switchport mode access switchport access vlan 3 int fa0/5 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-3 int fa0/1 (to connect the switches) switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-3 Switch 1 en conf t vlan 2 name A vlan 3 name B int fa0/10 switchport mode access switchport access vlan 3 int fa0/11 switchport mode access switchport access vlan 3 int fa0/12 switchport mode access switchport access vlan 2 int fa0/1 (to connect the switches) switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport mode trunk switchport trunk allowed vlan 1-3

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• Freeradius authentication failed for unknown reason

  - by Moein7tl

  I followed this instruction to force freeradius to use mysql database. and run freeradius in debug mod. but it rejects all authentication. mysql database : mysql select * from radcheck; +----+----------+-----------+----+---------+ | id | username | attribute | op | value | +----+----------+-----------+----+---------+ | 1 | test | Password | == | test123 | | 2 | test | Auth-Type | == | Local | +----+----------+-----------+----+---------+ 2 rows in set (0.02 sec) radtest command : # radtest test test123 localhost 0 testing123 Sending Access-Request of id 235 to 127.0.0.1 port 1812 User-Name = "test" User-Password = "test123" NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.0.1 NAS-Port = 0 Message-Authenticator = 0x00000000000000000000000000000000 rad_recv: Access-Reject packet from host 127.0.0.1 port 1812, id=235, length=20 radiusd debug mod log: rad_recv: Access-Request packet from host 127.0.0.1 port 51034, id=235, length=74 User-Name = "test" User-Password = "test123" NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.0.1 NAS-Port = 0 Message-Authenticator = 0xbf111cbbae24fb0f0a558bfa26f53476 # Executing section authorize from file /usr/local/etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default +- entering group authorize {...} ++[preprocess] returns ok ++[chap] returns noop ++[mschap] returns noop ++[digest] returns noop [suffix] No '@' in User-Name = "test", looking up realm NULL [suffix] No such realm "NULL" ++[suffix] returns noop [eap] No EAP-Message, not doing EAP ++[eap] returns noop ++[files] returns noop ++[expiration] returns noop ++[logintime] returns noop [pap] WARNING! No "known good" password found for the user. Authentication may fail because of this. ++[pap] returns noop ERROR: No authenticate method (Auth-Type) found for the request: Rejecting the user Failed to authenticate the user. Using Post-Auth-Type Reject # Executing group from file /usr/local/etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default +- entering group REJECT {...} [attr_filter.access_reject] expand: %{User-Name} - test attr_filter: Matched entry DEFAULT at line 11 ++[attr_filter.access_reject] returns updated Delaying reject of request 20 for 1 seconds Going to the next request Waking up in 0.9 seconds. Sending delayed reject for request 20 Sending Access-Reject of id 235 to 127.0.0.1 port 51034 Waking up in 4.9 seconds. Cleaning up request 20 ID 235 with timestamp +4325 Ready to process requests. where is the problem and how should I solve it?

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• special case ssh connection lag

  - by Hersheezy

  Setup We have a DMZ and LAN in our office that are connected to the outside with the following setup: +------+ | |------> LAN (normal office router) |Modem | | |------> DMZ (a single machine) +------+ Our internet account is with Comcast and we have 5 status IPs, one of which points to the single machine in the DMZ. Problem ssh connections initiated ANYWHERE EXCEPT the office LAN are really fast. However, from the LAN, there is about a 5 second delay. WTF?? Extra info The DMZ machine is debian 5. Executing a wget to the DMZ has no lag. When executing the following, everything up to HERE IS WHERE THE LAG IS INCURRED executes immediately. ssh -vvvv [email protected] ... debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug3: Wrote 16 bytes for a total of 1015 debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug3: Wrote 48 bytes for a total of 1063 debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /home/shopkins/.ssh/id_rsa (0x22440830) debug2: key: /home/shopkins/.ssh/identity ((nil)) debug2: key: /home/shopkins/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)) debug3: Wrote 64 bytes for a total of 1127` HERE IS WHERE THE LAG IS INCURRED debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,gssapi,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /home/shopkins/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug3: Wrote 368 bytes for a total of 1495 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Trying private key: /home/shopkins/.ssh/identity debug3: no such identity: /home/shopkins/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /home/shopkins/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /home/shopkins/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup password debug3: remaining preferred: ,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password debug1: Next authentication method: password [email protected]'s password:

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• What characteristic of networking/TCP causes linear relation between TCP activity and latency?

  - by DeLongey

  The core of this problem is that our application uses websockets for real-time interfaces. We are testing our app in a new environment but strangely we're noticing an increasing delay in TCP websocket packets associated with an increase in websocket activity. For example, if one websocket event occurs without any other activity in a 1-minute period, the response from the server is instantaneous. However, if we slowly increase client activity the latency in server response increases with a linear relationship (each packet will take more time to reach the client with more activity). For those wondering this is NOT app-related since our logs show that our server is running and responding to requests in under 100ms as desired. The delay starts once the server processes the request and creates the TCP packet and sends it to the client (and not the other way around). Architecture This new environment runs with a Virtual IP address and uses keepalived on a load balancer to balance the traffic between instances. Two boxes sit behind the balancer and all traffic runs through it. Our host provider manages the balancer and we do not have control over that part of the architecture. Theory Could this somehow be related to something buffering the packets in the new environment? Thanks for your help.

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• Does Windows XP automatically reassemble UDP fragments?

  - by Matt Davis

  I've got a Windows application that receives and processes XML messages transmitted via UDP. The application collects the data using Windows "raw" sockets, so the entire layer 3 packet is visible. We've recently run across a problem that has me stumped. If the XML messages (i.e., UDP packets) are large (i.e., 1500 bytes), they get fragmented as expected. Ordinarily, this will cause the XML processor to fail because it attempts to process each UDP packet as if it is a complete XML message. This is a known short-coming in the system at this stage of its development. On Windows 7, this is exactly what happens. The fragments are received and logged, but no processing occurs. On Windows XP, however, the same fragments are seen, and the XML processor seems to handle everything just fine. Does Windows XP automatically reassemble UDP fragments? I guess I could expect this for a normal UDP socket, but it's not expected behavior for a "raw" socket, IMO. Further, if this is the case on Windows XP, why isn't the behavior the same on Windows 7? Is there a way to enable this?

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• VPN on OSX disconnects after precisely 2 minutes and 30 seconds on specific network

  - by Tyilo

  When connecting to my own VPN server on a specific network, called public-network, my Mac disconnects the VPN connection after 2 minutes and 30 seconds. I have performed several tests and this is the result: It works fine until the 2:30 mark It doesn't matter which Mac I use, it still disconnects It doesn't matter which client I use, all of the following does the same: OSX system client, HMA! Pro VPN and Shimo It doesn't matter which protocol I use, at least all of these protocols does the same: PPTP, OpenVPN and L2TP over IPSec The same thing happens using my own VPN server and HMA!'s VPN server. All other clients (Windows/iPhone) can use any of these VPN servers and protocols without problem on public-network On OSX, all the protocols, clients and servers works fine on any other network So it seems that it is the combination of OSX, VPN & public-network that causes this. This is the syslog from my VPN server, when the disconnection happens: Feb 2 12:04:32 raspberrypi pptpd[31400]: CTRL: EOF or bad error reading ctrl packet length. Feb 2 12:04:32 raspberrypi pptpd[31400]: CTRL: couldn't read packet header (exit) Feb 2 12:04:32 raspberrypi pptpd[31400]: CTRL: CTRL read failed Feb 2 12:04:32 raspberrypi pptpd[31400]: CTRL: Reaping child PPP[31401] Feb 2 12:04:32 raspberrypi pppd[31401]: Hangup (SIGHUP) Feb 2 12:04:32 raspberrypi pppd[31401]: Modem hangup Feb 2 12:04:32 raspberrypi pppd[31401]: Connect time 2.5 minutes. Feb 2 12:04:32 raspberrypi pppd[31401]: Sent 3963649 bytes, received 362775 bytes. Feb 2 12:04:32 raspberrypi pppd[31401]: MPPE disabled Feb 2 12:04:32 raspberrypi pppd[31401]: Connection terminated. Feb 2 12:04:32 raspberrypi pppd[31401]: Exit. Feb 2 12:04:32 raspberrypi pptpd[31400]: CTRL: Client <ip-adress> control connection finished

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• Different versions of iperf for windows give totally different results

  - by Albert Mata

  Measuring TCP output from a Windows client to Solaris server: WXP SP3 with iperf 1.7.0 -- returns an average around 90Mbit Same client, same server but iperf 2.0.5 for windows -- returns an average of 8.5 Mbit Similar discrepancies have been observed connecting to other servers (W2008, W2003) It's difficult to get to some conclusions when different versions of the same tool provide vastly different results. Example below: C:\tempiperf -v (from iperf.fr) iperf version 2.0.5 (08 Jul 2010) pthreads C:\tempiperf -c solaris10 Client connecting to solaris10, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 64.0 KByte (default) [ 3] local 10.172.181.159 port 2124 connected with 10.172.180.209 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.2 sec 10.6 MBytes 8.74 Mbits/sec Abysmal perfomance, but now I test from the same host (Windows XP SP3 32bit and 100Mbit) to the same server (Solaris 10/sparc 64bit and 1Gbit running iperf 2.0.5 with default window of 48k) with the old iperf C:\temp1iperf -v iperf version 1.7.0 (13 Mar 2003) win32 threads C:\temp1iperf.exe -c solaris10 -w64k Client connecting to solaris10, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 64.0 KByte [1208] local 10.172.181.159 port 2128 connected with 10.172.180.209 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [1208] 0.0-10.0 sec 112 MBytes 94.0 Mbits/sec So one iperf with a 64k window says 8.75Mbit and the old iperf with the same window size says 94.0Mbit. These results are constant through repeated tests. From my testing launching iperf(old) with window size "x" and iperf(new) with window size "x" instead of producing the same or very close results produce totally different results. The only difference I see is the old compiled as win32 threads vs. pthreads but parallelism (-P 10) appears to work in both. Anyone has a clue or can recommend a tool that gives results I can trust?? EDIT: Looking at traces from (old) iperf it sets the TCP Window Scale flag to 3 in the SYN packet, when I run the (new) iperf this is set to 0 in the initial packet. A quick analysis of the window size through the exchange shows the (old) iperf moving back and forth but mostly at 32k while the (new) iperf mostly keeps at 64k. Maybe it will help somebody to connect the dots.

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• Apache2 process stuck at 100% cpu, CLOSE_WAIT socket lingering

  - by mmazing

  I've troubleshooted the heck out of this today, and I can't seem to find any information on how to determine what is happening exactly. Basically, on my development server, another developer is causing CLOSE_WAIT connections that eat up one or more apache2 processes for several hours if I don't restart apache2. strace on any of the processes yields no information, only that it was able to attach. mod_proxy is not enabled. KeepAlive is on, KeepAliveTimeout is 15 seconds, MaxKeepAliveRequests is 100. From what I've been reading, this may or may not be an apache issue at all, just that that's how CLOSE_WAIT works (the server is waiting for a FIN packet to close the connection). I just can't believe that a server would be crippled so easily by not receiving a packet from a remote host telling it to close the connection. Especially without any intervention for well over an hour. Any tips? I'm about to pull my hair out. Edit : Also, there are no unusual entries in any apache log files. Edit 2: lsof -i shows only a single CLOSE_WAIT per hanging process. (That's what has been bothering me about this, as most other discussions talk about many CLOSE_WAIT connections, while I only have one per process.) The nature of the code that is running (php) doesn't really lend itself to closing open connections and whatnot. I can run the same code that he is executing with the same session data, and not result in a hanging process.

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• Passwordless SSH not working - keys copied and permissions set

  - by Comcar

  I know this question has been asked, but I'm certain I've done what all the other answers suggest. Machine A: used keygen -t rsa to create id_rsa.pub in ~/.ssh/ copied Machine A's id_rsa.pub to Machine B user's home directory Made the file permissions of id_rsa.pub 600 Machine B added Machine A's pub key to authorised_keys and authorised_keys2: cat ~/id_rsa.pub ~/.ssh/authorised_keys2 made the file permissions of id_rsa.pub 600 I've also ensured both the .ssh directories have the permission 700 on both machine A and B. If I try to login to machine B from machine A, I get asked for the password, not the ssh pass phrase. I've got the root users on both machines to talk to each other using password-less ssh, but I can't get a normal user to do it. Do the user names have to be the same on both sides? Or is there some setting else where I've missed. Machine A is a Ubuntu 10.04 virtual machine running inside VirtualBox on a Windows 7 PC, Machine B is a dedicated Ubuntu 9.10 server UPDATE : I've run ssh with the option -vvv, which provides many many lines of output, but this is the last few commands: debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: filename /home/pete/.ssh/known_hosts debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 1 debug1: Host '192.168.1.19' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/pete/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug2: bits set: 504/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug3: Wrote 16 bytes for a total of 1015 debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug3: Wrote 48 bytes for a total of 1063 debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /home/pete/.ssh/identity ((nil)) debug2: key: /home/pete/.ssh/id_rsa (0x7ffe1baab9d0) debug2: key: /home/pete/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)) debug3: Wrote 64 bytes for a total of 1127 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,gssapi,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /home/pete/.ssh/identity debug3: no such identity: /home/pete/.ssh/identity debug1: Offering public key: /home/pete/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug3: Wrote 368 bytes for a total of 1495 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Trying private key: /home/pete/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /home/pete/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup password debug3: remaining preferred: ,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password debug1: Next authentication method: password

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• Caused by: java.net.SocketException: Software caused connection abort: socket write error

  - by jrishere

  I running JSP on Oracle 11g, Weblogic 10.3.4. I have 2 managed server and a oracle admin server installed. I am encountering an error where intermittently the log file of the 2 managed server and admin server will show java.net.SocketException: Software caused connection abort: socket write error. The application can run for 2 days without showing this error or it can show up a few times in a day. The server load are similar everday. When this error is been encountered, the server will just stop accepting connections and will not be able to access the application. Even if I try to access the application through localhost, I will not be able to access the JSP pages and a 503 http status is shown but then I am able to access the static HTML page. I will not be able to access the Oracle 11g Weblogic admin console page. When I take a look at admin server log, it shows that the managed servers are disconnected from the admin server and vice versa. Magically the application is able to recover by its own and the application is able to access again or I need to restart the server as restarting the service of the application does not work. The FTP connections that the application is connected to are closed as well. I am able to ping to telnet to the server port. The event log doesn't seem to be leaving any information. We did run wireshark to see the packet traffic and it seems that the application port is sending a RST, ACK packet to the load balancer. Any kind help will greatly be appreciated. Should you need more info, feel free to ask me. Thanks in advance.

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• Public-to-Public IPSec tunnel: NAT confusion

  - by WuckaChucka

  I know this is possible -- and apparently fairly common with larger companies that don't/can't route private addresses for overlap reasons -- but I can't wrap my head around how to get this to work. I'm playing around with pfSense, Vyatta and a Cisco 5505 right now, hardware-wise. So here's my setup: WEST: Vyatta outside: 10.0.0.254/24 inside: 172.16.0.1/24 machine a: 172.16.0.200/24 EAST: Cisco 5505 outside: 10.0.0.210/24 inside: 192.168.10.1 machine b (webserver): 192.168.10.2 So what we're trying to do is this: route traffic across the tunnel from machine A to machine B without using private addresses. i.e. 172.16.0.200 makes a TCP request to 10.0.0.210:80, and as far as EAST is concerned, it sees a src IP of 10.0.0.254. On WEST, I have your typical many-to-one Source NAT to translate 172.16.0.0/24 to 10.0.0.254 and that's confirmed to be working. Also on WEST, I have the following IPSec config: Local IP: 10.0.0.254 Peer IP: 10.0.0.210 local subnet: 10.0.0.254/32 remote subnet: 10.0.0.210/32 I have the reversed configuration on EAST. What happens when I make a request from machine A to 10.0.0.210:80 is that the SNAT translates the private address of machine A to 10.0.0.254 and it's routed out (and discarded at the other end) without establishing the tunnel. What I'm assuming is happening is that the inside interface on WEST receives a packet from 172.16.0.200 and since this doesn't match the local subnet defined in the tunnel configuration, it's not processed by the IPSec engine and the tunnel is not established. How do you make this work? Seems like a chicken and egg thing with the NAT and IPSec and I just can't wrap my head around how this can be done: can I say, "if a packet is received on the inside interface with a destination of 10.0.0.210, translate it to 10.0.0.254 before the IPSec engine inspects it"?

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• Possible to IPSec VPN Tunnel Public IP Addresses?

  - by caleban

  A customer uses an IBM SAS product over the internet. Traffic flows from the IBM hosting data center to the customer network through Juniper VPN appliances. IBM says they're not tunneling private IP addresses. IBM says they're tunneling public IP addresses. Is this possible? What does this look like in the VPN configuration and in the packets? I'd like to know what the source/destination ip/ports would look like in the encrypted tunneled IPSec Payload and in the IP packet carrying the IPSec Payload. IPSec Payload: source:1.1.1.101:1001 destination:2.2.2.101:2001 IP Packet: source:1.1.1.1:101 destination:2.2.2.1:201 Is it possible to send public IP addresses through an IPSec VPN tunnel? Is it possible for IBM to send a print job from a server on their network using the static-nat public address over a VPN to a printer at a customer network using the printer's static-nat public address? Or can a VPN not do this? Can a VPN only work with interesting traffic from and to private IP addresses?

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• FreeBSD slow transfers - RFC 1323 scaling issue?

  - by Trey

  I think I may be having an issue with window scaling (RFC 1323) and am hoping that someone can enlighten me on what's going on. Server: FreeBSD 9, apache22, serving a static 100MB zip file. 192.168.18.30 Client: Mac OS X 10.6, Firefox 192.168.17.47 Network: Only a switch between them - the subnet is 192.168.16/22 (In this test, I also have dummynet filtering simulating an 80ms ping time on all IP traffic. I've seen nearly identical traces with a "real" setup, with real internet traffic/latency also) Questions: Does this look normal? Is packet #2 specifying a window size of 65535 and a scale of 512? Is packet #5 then shrinking the window size so it can use the 512 scale and still keep the overall calculated window size near 64K? Why is the window scale so high? Here are the first 6 packets from wireshark. For packets 5 and 6 I've included the details showing the window size and scaling factor being used for the data transfer. Code: No. Time Source Destination Protocol Length Info 108 6.699922 192.168.17.47 192.168.18.30 TCP 78 49190 http [SYN] Seq=0 Win=65535 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=8 TSval=945617489 TSecr=0 SACK_PERM=1 115 6.781971 192.168.18.30 192.168.17.47 TCP 74 http 49190 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=65535 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=512 SACK_PERM=1 TSval=2617517338 TSecr=945617489 116 6.782218 192.168.17.47 192.168.18.30 TCP 66 49190 http [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=524280 Len=0 TSval=945617490 TSecr=2617517338 117 6.782220 192.168.17.47 192.168.18.30 HTTP 490 GET /utils/speedtest/large.file.zip HTTP/1.1 118 6.867070 192.168.18.30 192.168.17.47 TCP 375 [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] Details: Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: http (80), Dst Port: 49190 (49190), Seq: 1, Ack: 425, Len: 309 Source port: http (80) Destination port: 49190 (49190) [Stream index: 4] Sequence number: 1 (relative sequence number) [Next sequence number: 310 (relative sequence number)] Acknowledgement number: 425 (relative ack number) Header length: 32 bytes Flags: 0x018 (PSH, ACK) Window size value: 130 [Calculated window size: 66560] [Window size scaling factor: 512] Checksum: 0xd182 [validation disabled] Options: (12 bytes) No-Operation (NOP) No-Operation (NOP) Timestamps: TSval 2617517423, TSecr 945617490 [SEQ/ACK analysis] TCP segment data (309 bytes) Note: originally posted http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=32552

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• OpenSwan (IPSEC) on Fedora 13 with Snow Leopard as a client

  - by sicn

  I recently installed OpenSwan on my Fedora 13 machine. I want to use it to connect with Mac OS X with L2TP over IPSEC, unfortunately I am already stuck on the IPSEC-negotation part. My server is running behind a NATted firewall so my external IP differs from the server's IP. The server has a fixed IP on the network and the same is almost always valid for the clients (they are usually behind a NATted firewall). I installed OpenSwan on Fedora 13 and have following configuration: config setup protostack=netkey nat_traversal=yes virtual_private=%v4:10.0.0.0/8,%v4:192.168.0.0/16,%v4:172.16.0.0/12 oe=off nhelpers=0 conn L2TP-PSK-NAT rightsubnet=vhost:%priv also=L2TP-PSK-noNAT conn L2TP-PSK-noNAT authby=secret pfs=no auto=add keyingtries=3 rekey=no ikelifetime=8h keylife=1h type=transport left=my.servers.external.ip leftprotoport=17/1701 right=%any rightprotoport=17/0 IPSEC starts fine and listens to UDP 500 and 4500. These two ports are opened in the firewall and are forwarded fine to the server. In my /etc/ipsec.secrets file I have my.servers.external.ip %any: "LongAndDifficultPassword" And finally in my sysctl.conf (the redirect-entries are there because OpenSwan was strongly protesting about send/accept_redirects being active) I have net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 Running "ipsec verify" gives me "all greens" (except Opportunistic Encryption Support, which is DISABLED), however, when trying to connect my Mac gives me following in the logs: Nov 1 19:30:28 macbook pppd[4904]: pppd 2.4.2 (Apple version 412.3) started by user, uid 1011 Nov 1 19:30:28 macbook pppd[4904]: L2TP connecting to server 'my.servers.ip.address' (my.servers.ip.address)... Nov 1 19:30:28 macbook pppd[4904]: IPSec connection started Nov 1 19:30:28 macbook racoon[4905]: Connecting. Nov 1 19:30:28 macbook racoon[4905]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Initiator, Main-Mode message 1). Nov 1 19:30:31 macbook racoon[4905]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Phase1 Retransmit). Nov 1 19:30:38: --- last message repeated 2 times --- Nov 1 19:30:38 macbook pppd[4904]: IPSec connection failed Any ideas at all?

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• 550 Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable

  - by Porch

  I setup a small box with Server 2003 64bit to be used as a webserver and email server for a small school. Real simple stuff for a few users. A simple website and a handful of emails. rDNS and spf records setup and pass every test I found including test at dnsstuff.com. Email sending to almost every email address (google, hotmail, aol, whatever) works. However, with one domain, I get an bounce back with the error. 550 Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable It's another school running Exchange judging from some packet sniffing with WireShark. Every email on this domain I have tried sending to gives this error. The email address is valid as I can send to it from my personal, and gmail account without a problem. Does anyone know of some anti-spam software that gives an 550 error like the above? What else could this be? Thanks for any suggestions. Packet capture of the two servers communicating look like this. 220 <server snip> Microsoft ESMTP MAIL Service, Version: 6.0.3790.3959 ready at Sat, 2 Oct 2010 12:48:17 -0700 EHLO <email snip> 250-<server snip> Hello [<ip snip>] 250-TURN 250-SIZE 250-ETRN 250-XXXXXXXXXX 250-DSN 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8bitmime 250-BINARYMIME 250-XXXXXXXX 250-VRFY 250-X-EXPS GSSAPI NTLM LOGIN 250-X-EXPS=LOGIN 250-AUTH GSSAPI NTLM LOGIN 250-AUTH=LOGIN 250-X-LINK2STATE 250-XXXXXXX 250 OK MAIL FROM: <email snip> 250 2.1.0 <email snip>....Sender OK RCPT TO:<email snip> 250 2.1.5 <email snip> DATA 354 Start mail input; end with <CRLF>.<CRLF> <email body here> . 550 Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable QUIT 221 Goodbye

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• jdbc4 CommunicationsException

  - by letronje

  I have a machine running a java app talking to a mysql instance running on the same instance. the app uses jdbc4 drivers from mysql. I keep getting com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException at random times. Here is the whole message. Could not open JDBC Connection for transaction; nested exception is com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: The last packet successfully received from the server was25899 milliseconds ago.The last packet sent successfully to the server was 25899 milliseconds ago, which is longer than the server configured value of 'wait_timeout'. You should consider either expiring and/or testing connection validity before use in your application, increasing the server configured values for client timeouts, or using the Connector/J connection property 'autoReconnect=true' to avoid this problem. For mysql, the value of global 'wait_timeout' and 'interactive_timeout' is set to 3600 seconds and 'connect_timeout' is set to 60 secs. the wait timeout value is much higher than the 26 secs(25899 msecs). mentioned in the exception trace. I use dbcp for connection pooling and here is spring bean config for the datasource. <bean id="dataSource" destroy-method="close" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" > <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db"/> <property name="username" value="xxx"/> <property name="password" value="xxx" /> <property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="false" /> <property name="maxActive" value="3" /> <property name="maxIdle" value="3" /> </bean> Any idea why this could be happening? Will using c3p0 solve the problem ?

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• Is it possible to trace the delegation path for a DNS lookup?

  - by Josh Glover

  I'm trying to determine why a Nagios host check is failing (hostnames and IPs have been changed to protect the guilty): : jmglov@laurana; host www.foo.com ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached : jmglov@laurana; for ns in `grep -o '\([0-9]\+[.]\)\{3\}[0-9]\+$' /etc/resolv.conf`; do ping -qc 1 $ns; done PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 10.911/10.911/10.911/0.000 ms PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.241/0.241/0.241/0.000 ms So I know that my nameservers are reachable, meaning that some nameserver along the delegation path to the authoritative nameserver for my host is not responding. Is there an easy way to determine which nameserver this is (basically a traceroute for DNS)?

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• How can I write automated tests for iptables?

  - by Phil Frost

  I am configuring a Linux router with iptables. I want to write acceptance tests for the configuration that assert things like: traffic from some guy on the internet is not forwarded, and TCP to port 80 on the webserver in the DMZ from hosts on the corporate LAN is forwarded. An ancient FAQ alludes to a iptables -C option which allows one to ask something like, "given a packet from X, to Y, on port Z, would it be accepted or dropped?" Although the FAQ suggests it works like this, for iptables (but maybe not ipchains as it uses in the examples) the -C option seems to not simulate a test packet running through all the rules, but rather checks for the existence for an exactly matching rule. This has little value as a test. I want to assert that the rules have the desired effect, not just that they exist. I've considered creating yet more test VMs and a virtual network, then probing with tools like nmap for effects. However, I'm avoiding this solution due to the complexity of creating all those additional virtual machines, which is really quite a heavy way to generate some test traffic. It would also be nice to have an automated testing methodology which can also work on a real server in production. How else might I solve this problem? Is there some mechanism I might use to generate or simulate arbitrary traffic, then know if it was (or would be) dropped or accepted by iptables?

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• how i can identify which process is making UDP traffic on linux?

  - by boos

  my machine is continously making udp dns traffic request. what i need to know is the PID of the process generating this traffic. The normal way in TCP connection is to use netstat/lsof and get the process associated at the pid. Is UDP the connection is stateles, so, when i call netastat/lsof i can see it only if the UDP socket is opened and it's sending traffic. I have tried with lsof -i UDP and with nestat -anpue but i cant be able to find wich process is doing that request because i need to call lsof/netstat exactly when the udp traffic is sended, if i call lsof/netstat before/after the udp datagram is sended is impossible to view the opened UDP socket. call netstat/lsof exactly when 3/4 udp packet is sended is IMPOSSIBLE. how i can identify the infamous process ? I have already inspected the traffic to try to identify the sended PID from the content of the packet, but is not possible to identify it from the contect of the traffic. anyone can help me ? I'm root on this machine FEDORA 12 Linux noise.company.lan 2.6.32.16-141.fc12.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Jul 7 04:49:59 UTC 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

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• Possible to IPSec VPN Tunnel Public IP Addresses?

  - by caleban

  A customer uses an IBM SAS product over the internet. Traffic flows from the IBM hosting data center to the customer network through Juniper VPN appliances. IBM says they're not tunneling private IP addresses. IBM says they're tunneling public IP addresses. Is this possible? What does this look like in the VPN configuration and in the packets? I'd like to know what the source/destination ip/ports would look like in the encrypted tunneled IPSec Payload and in the IP packet carrying the IPSec Payload. IPSec Payload: source:1.1.1.101:1001 destination:2.2.2.101:2001 IP Packet: source:1.1.1.1:101 destination:2.2.2.1:201 Is it possible to send public IP addresses through an IPSec VPN tunnel? Is it possible for IBM to send a print job from a server on their network using the static-nat public address over a VPN to a printer at a customer network using the printer's static-nat public address? Or can a VPN not do this? Can a VPN only work with interesting traffic from and to private IP addresses?

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• Using public interfaces on a server connected through a GRE tunnel

  - by Evan

  I'm pretty new to networking so please forgive any terminology mistakes. I have 2 servers connected with a GRE tunnel. Server1 (10.0.0.1) ---- Server2 (10.0.0.2) I want to be able to bind to the public IPs on Server2 using Server1. To do this, I setup virtual interfaces with Server2's public IPs on Server1 and then used routing rules on Server1 to route the packets through the GRE tunnel. On Server1: ip rule add from [Server2's first public IP] table gre ip rule add from [Server2's second public IP] table gre ip route add default via 10.0.0.2 dev gre1 table gre This works great and I can see the packets arriving via GRE on Server2. I can see the packet exiting the tunnel on Server2's gre1 device as shown: From Server1: ping -I [Server2's public ip] google.com tcpdump from Server2's GRE tunnel device: 12:07:17.029160 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) [Server2's public ip] > 74.125.225.38: ICMP echo request, id 6378, seq 50, length 64 This is exactly the packet I want. However, I'm not seeing it go out at all on eth0:0 (where Server2's public IP is bound to). I've tried to use routing rules to get packets coming from Server2's public IP (which would be coming out of dev gre1) to go through dev eth0 on the public default gateway and that doesn't work either. I'm at a loss, thank you to anyone who can help.

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• pfSense router on a LAN with two gateways

  - by JohnCC

  I have a LAN with an ADSL modem/router on it. We have just gained an alternative high-speed internet connection at our location, and I want to connect the LAN to it, eventually dropping the ADSL. I've chosen to use a small PFSense box to connect the LAN to the new WAN connection. Two servers on the LAN run services accessible to the outside via NAT using the single ADSL WAN IP. We have DNS records which point to this IP. I want to do the same via the new connection, using the WAN IP there. That connection permits multiple IPs, so I have configured pfSense using virtual IP's, 1:1 NAT and appropriate firewall rules. When I change the servers' default gateway settings to the pfSense box, I can access the services via the new WAN IPs without a problem. However, I can no longer access them via the old WAN IP. If I set the servers' default gateway back to the ADSL router, then the opposite is true - I can access the services via the ADSL IP, but not via the new one. In the first case, I believe this is because an incoming SYN packet arrives at the ADSL WAN IP, and is NAT'd and sent to the internal IP of the server. The server responds with a SYN/ACK which it sends via its default gateway, the pfSense box. The pfSense box sees a SYN/ACK that it saw no SYN for and drops the packet. Is there any sensible way around this? I would like the services to be accessible via both IPs for a short period at least, since once I change the DNS it will take a while before everyone picks up the new address.

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• ospfd over an OpenVPN link - strange error in logs

  - by Alex

  I am trying to set up Quagga ospfd on two hosts connected by an OpenVPN link. These hosts have VPN IPs 10.31.0.1 and 10.31.0.13. ospfd config is pretty simple: hostname bizon password xxxxxxxxx enable password xxxxxxxxx ! log file /var/log/quagga/ospfd.log ! interface lo ! interface tun0 ip ospf network point-to-point ip ospf mtu-ignore ip ospf cost 10 interface tun1 ip ospf network point-to-point ip ospf mtu-ignore ip ospf cost 10 interface tun2 ip ospf network point-to-point ip ospf mtu-ignore ip ospf cost 10 ! router ospf ospf router-id 10.31.0.1 network 10.31.0.0/16 area 0.0.0.0 network 10.119.2.0/24 area 0.0.0.0 redistribute connected area 0.0.0.0 range 10.0.0.0/8 ! line vty ! debug ospf event debug ospf packet all I am getting the following error in the ospfd.log (the log is from 10.31.0.13): 2012/10/05 01:25:28 OSPF: ip_v 4 2012/10/05 01:25:28 OSPF: ip_hl 5 2012/10/05 01:25:28 OSPF: ip_tos 192 2012/10/05 01:25:28 OSPF: ip_len 64 2012/10/05 01:25:28 OSPF: ip_id 64666 2012/10/05 01:25:28 OSPF: ip_off 0 2012/10/05 01:25:28 OSPF: ip_ttl 1 2012/10/05 01:25:28 OSPF: ip_p 89 2012/10/05 01:25:28 OSPF: ip_sum 0xe5d1 2012/10/05 01:25:28 OSPF: ip_src 10.31.0.1 2012/10/05 01:25:28 OSPF: ip_dst 224.0.0.5 2012/10/05 01:25:28 OSPF: Packet from [10.31.0.1] received on link tun1 but no ospf_interface I'm not sure what to do next. I have set up ospfd over OpenVPN several times but I used Debian and I am on CentOS 6 now. Quagga version is 0.99.15. Should I try to get more recent version?

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• Windows Firewall Software to Filter Transit Traffic

  - by soonts

  I need to test my networking code for Nintendo Wii under the conditions when some specific Internet server is not available. Wii is connected to my PC with crossover ethernet cable. PC has 2 NICs. PC is connected to hardware router with ethernet cable. The hardware router serves as NAT and has an internet connected to its uplink. I set the Wii to be in the same lan as PC by using Windows XP Network bridge. I can observe the WII network traffic using e.g. Wireshark sniffer. Is there a software firewall that can selectively filter out transit traffic? (e.g. block outgoing TCP connections to 123.45.67.89 to port 443) I tried Outpost Pro 2009 and Comodo. Outpost firewall blocks all transit traffic with it's implicit "block transit packet" rule. If the transit traffic is explicitly allowed by creating the system-wide low level rule, then it's allowed completely and no other filter can selectively block it. Comodo firewall only process rules when the packet has localhost's IP as either source or destination, allowing the rest of the traffic. Any ideas? Thanks in advance! P.S. Platform is Windows XP 32 bit, no other OSes is allowed, Windows ICS (Internet Connection Sharing) doesnt work since the Wii is unable to connect, becides I don't like the idea of adding one more level of NAT.

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• How to Enable IPtables TRACE Target on Debian Squeeze (6)

  - by bernie

  I am trying to use the TRACE target of IPtables but I can't seem to get any trace information logged. I want to use what is described here: Debugger for Iptables. From the iptables man for TRACE: This target marks packes so that the kernel will log every rule which match the packets as those traverse the tables, chains, rules. (The ipt_LOG or ip6t_LOG module is required for the logging.) The packets are logged with the string prefix: "TRACE: tablename:chain- name:type:rulenum " where type can be "rule" for plain rule, "return" for implicit rule at the end of a user defined chain and "policy" for the policy of the built in chains. It can only be used in the raw table. I use the following rule: iptables -A PREROUTING -t raw -p tcp -j TRACE but nothing is appended either in /var/log/syslog or /var/log/kern.log! Is there another step missing? Am I looking in the wrong place? edit Even though I can't find log entries, the TRACE target seems to be set up correctly since the packet counters get incremented: # iptables -L -v -t raw Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 193 packets, 63701 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 193 63701 TRACE tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 178 packets, 65277 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination edit 2 The rule iptables -A PREROUTING -t raw -p tcp -j LOG does print packet information to /var/log/syslog... Why doesn't TRACE work?

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