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• What is the difference between type and type.__new__ in python?

  - by Jason Baker

  I was writing a metaclass and accidentally did it like this: class MetaCls(type): def __new__(cls, name, bases, dict): return type(name, bases, dict) ...instead of like this: class MetaCls(type): def __new__(cls, name, bases, dict): return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, dict) What exactly is the difference between these two metaclasses? And more specifically, what caused the first one to not work properly (some classes weren't called into by the metaclass)?

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• What does it mean when git pull causes a conflict but git pull --rebase doesn't?

  - by Jason Baker

  I'm pulling from a repository that only I have access to. As far as I know, I've only pushed to it from one repository. A couple of times, I've pulled from it and gotten this: To [email protected]:tsched_dev.git ! [rejected] master -> master (non-fast-forward) error: failed to push some refs to '[email protected]:tsched_dev.git' To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected Merge the remote changes before pushing again. See the 'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details. Generally, that just means that I have to do a git pull (although all the changes should be fast-forwardable). When I do a git pull, I get conflicts. If I do a git pull --rebase, it works fine. What am I doing wrong?

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• Is this __import__ functionality correct?

  - by Jason Baker

  I have a package named jiva_tasks, which I'm trying to import via celery (using the CELERY_IMPORTS attribute of celeryconfig. The import statement that celery is using is this: __import__(module, [], [], ['']) Oddly enough, when this syntax is used, the module gets imported twice, once as jiva_tasks and another time as jiva_tasks. (with a period at the end). Now, chances are good that celery should be passing in globals rather than an empty list, but this seems broken to me. It seems odd that even if given the wrong arguments, __import__ would import something that isn't a valid python module name. I know that the way to fix this is to pass in globals, but I want to understand why I'm getting this result. Is this a bug, or is there something I don't understand about how __import__ is working? Update: It also seems to be working fine if I use importlib.

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• Constructor Overloading

  - by Mark Baker

  Normally when I want to create a class constructor that accepts different types of parameters, I'll use a kludgy overloading principle of not defining any args in the constructor definition: e.g. for an ECEF coordinate class constructor, I want it to accept either $x, $y and $z arguments, or to accept a single array argument containg x, y and z values, or to accept a single LatLong object I'd create a constructor looking something like: function __construct() { // Identify if any arguments have been passed to the constructor if (func_num_args() > 0) { $args = func_get_args(); // Identify the overload constructor required, based on the datatype of the first argument $argType = gettype($args[0]); switch($argType) { case 'array' : // Array of Cartesian co-ordinate values $overloadConstructor = 'setCoordinatesFromArray'; break; case 'object' : // A LatLong object that needs converting to Cartesian co-ordinate values $overloadConstructor = 'setCoordinatesFromLatLong'; break; default : // Individual Cartesian co-ordinate values $overloadConstructor = 'setCoordinatesFromXYZ'; break; } // Call the appropriate overload constructor call_user_func_array(array($this,$overloadConstructor),$args); } } // function __construct() I'm looking at an alternative: to provide a straight constructor with $x, $y and $z as defined arguments, and to provide static methods of createECEFfromArray() and createECEFfromLatLong() that handle all the necessary extraction of x, y and z; then create a new ECEF object using the standard constructor, and return that Which option is cleaner from an OO purists perspective?

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• Unit Testing Model Classes that inherits from NSManagedObject

  - by Matt Baker

  So...I'm trying to get unit tests set up in my iPhone App but I'm having some issues. I'm trying to test my model classes but they inherit directly from NSManagedObject. I'm sure this is a problem but I don't know how to get around it. Everything is building and running as expected but I get this error when calling any method on the class I'm testing: Unknown.m:0:0 unrecognized selector sent to instance 0xc2b120 If I follow this structure (http://chanson.livejournal.com/115621.html) to create my object in my tests I end up with another error entirely but it still doesn't help me. Basically my question is this: how can I test a class that inherits from NSManagedObject?

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• Fun programming languages

  - by Jason Baker

  What are some fun programming languages to learn and work with? I'm asking this for absolutely no practical purpose other than just to learn something new. So, what are some fun languages? I already know Python and C# so those don't count (although Python would probably be the first language I'd recommend). I've spent some time with Ruby, but I don't really see anything that's a whole lot different from Python. (and no, I'm not going to learn Intercal or Brainf*ck before you mention it)

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• What's a stupidly simple way to compile an OCaml project?

  - by Jason Baker

  I'm toying around with OCaml. The first thing I want to know how to do is build an OCaml project. Right now, I just want something stupidly simple since I'm just learning. Could anyone point me towards a build system along with a "hello world" type example for using that build system?

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• Python 2.7.3 memory error

  - by Tom Baker

  I have a specific case with python code. Every time I run the code, the RAM memory is increasing until it reaches 1.8 gb and crashes. import itertools import csv import pokersleuth cards = ['2s', '3s', '4s', '5s', '6s', '7s', '8s', '9s', 'Ts', 'Js', 'Qs', 'Ks', 'As', '2h', '3h', '4h', '5h', '6h', '7h', '8h', '9h', 'Th', 'Jh', 'Qh', 'Kh', 'Ah', '2c', '3c', '4c', '5c', '6c', '7c', '8c', '9c', 'Tc', 'Jc', 'Qc', 'Kc', 'Ac', '2d', '3d', '4d', '5d', '6d', '7d', '8d', '9d', 'Td', 'Jd', 'Qd', 'Kd', 'Ad'] flop = itertools.combinations(cards,3) a1 = 'Ks' ; a2 = 'Qs' b1 = 'Jc' ; b2 = 'Jd' cards1 = a1+a2 cards2 = b1+b2 number = 0 n=0 m=0 for row1 in flop: if (row1[0] <> a1 and row1[0] <>a2 and row1[0] <>b1 and row1[0] <>b2) and (row1[1] <> a1 and row1[1] <>a2 and row1[1] <>b1 and row1[1] <>b2) and (row1[2] <> a1 and row1[2] <> a2 and row1[2] <> b1 and row1[2] <> b2): for row2 in cards: if (row2 <> a1 and row2 <> a2 and row2 <> b1 and row2 <> b2 and row2 <> row1[0] and row2 <> row1[1] and row2 <> row1[2]): s = pokersleuth.compute_equity(row1[0]+row1[1]+row1[2]+row2, (cards1, cards2)) if s[0]>=0.5: number +=1 del s[:] del s[:] print number/45.0 number = 0 n+=1

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• Objective C for Windows

  - by Luther Baker

  What would be the best way to write Objective-C on the Windows platform? Cygwin and gcc? Is there a way I can somehow integrate this into Visual Studio? Along those lines - are there any suggestions as to how to link in and use the Windows SDK for something like this. Its a different beast but I know I can write assembly and link in the Windows DLLs giving me accessibility to those calls but I don't know how to do this without googling and getting piecemeal directions. Is anyone aware of a good online or book resource to do or explain these kinds of things?

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• How do I determine k when using k-means clustering?

  - by Jason Baker

  I've been studying about k-means clustering, and one thing that's not clear is how you choose the value of k. Is it just a matter of trial and error, or is there more to it?

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• How do I write a scheme macro that defines a variable and also gets the name of that variable as a s

  - by Jason Baker

  This is mostly a follow-up to this question. I decided to just keep YAGNI in mind and created a global variable (libpython). I set it to #f initially, then set! it when init is called. I added a function that should handle checking if that value has been initialized: (define (get-cpyfunc name type) (lambda args (if libpython (apply (get-ffi-obj name libpython type) args) (error "Call init before using any Python C functions")))) So now here's what I want to do. I want to define a macro that will take the following: (define-cpyfunc Py_Initialize (_fun -> _void)) And convert it into this: (define Py_Initialize (get-cpyfunc "Py_Initialize" (_fun -> _void))) I've been reading through the macro documentation to try figuring this out, but I can't seem to figure out a way to make it work. Can anyone help me with this (or at least give me a general idea of what the macro would look like)? Or is there a way to do this without macros?

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• Is there any way to use GUIDs in django?

  - by Jason Baker

  I have a couple of tables that are joined by GUIDs in SQL Server. Now, I've found a few custom fields to add support for GUIDs in django, but I tend to shy away from using code in blog posts if at all possible. I'm not going to do anything with the GUID other than join on it and maybe assign a GUID on new entries (although this is optional). Is there any way to allow this using django's built-in types? Like can I use some kind of char field or binary field and "trick" django into joining using it? If it's any help, I'm using django-pyodbc.

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• What programming languages are good for statistics?

  - by Jason Baker

  I'm doing a bit more statistical analysis on some things lately, and I'm curious if there are any programming languages that are particularly good for this purpose. I know about R, but I'd kind of prefer something a bit more general-purpose (or is R pretty general-purpose?). What suggestions do you guys have? Are there any languages out there whose syntax/semantics are particularly oriented towards this? Or are there any languages that have exceptionally good libraries?

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• What's the most scalable way to handle somewhat large file uploads in a Python webapp?

  - by Jason Baker

  We have a web application that takes file uploads for some parts. The file uploads aren't terribly big (mostly word documents and such), but they're much larger than your typical web request and they tend to tie up our threaded servers (zope 2 servers running behind an Apache proxy). I'm mostly in the brainstorming phase right now and trying to figure out a general technique to use. Some ideas I have are: Using a python asynchronous server like tornado or diesel or gunicorn. Writing something in twisted to handle it. Just using nginx to handle the actual file uploads. It's surprisingly difficult to find information on which approach I should be taking. I'm sure there are plenty of details that would be needed to make an actual decision, but I'm more worried about figuring out how to make this decision than anything else. Can anyone give me some advice about how to proceed with this?

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• Big-O for Eight Year Olds?

  - by Jason Baker

  I'm asking more about what this means to my code. I understand the concepts mathematically, I just have a hard time wrapping my head around what they mean conceptually. For example, if one were to perform an O(1) operation on a data structure, I understand that the amount of operations it has to perform won't grow because there are more items. And an O(n) operation would mean that you would perform a set of operations on each element. Could somebody fill in the blanks here? Like what exactly would an O(n^2) operation do? And what the heck does it mean if an operation is O(n log(n))? And does somebody have to smoke crack to write an O(x!)?

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• Detect if PCRE was built without the --enable-unicode-properties or --enable-utf8 configuration switches

  - by Mark Baker

  I've a PHP library that uses a number of regular expressions featuring the \P expressions for multibyte strings, e.g. ((((?:\P{M}\p{M}*)+?)|(\'[^\']*\')|(\"[^\"]*\"))!)?\$?([a-z]{1,3})\$?(\d+) While this works on most builds, I've had a few reports of the regexp returning an error. Depending on Operating platform, the error messages from PCRE are: Compilation failed: PCRE does not support \L, \l, \N, \P, \p, \U, \u, or \X at offset n or Compilation failed: support for \\P, \\p, and \\X has not been compiled at offset n I know that I can probably test a regexp at the beginning of my code that uses \P, and trap for a returned error, then use that response to set a compatibility flag and provide a degraded (non UTF-8) regexp without the \P within the main body of my code based on that compatibility flag; but I was wondering if there was any simpler way to identify whether PCRE had been built without the --enable-unicode-properties or --enable-utf8 configuration switches. PHP provides access to PCRE_VERSION constant, but that won't help identify whether \P support is enabled or not.

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• Can someone explain an Enterprise Service Bus to me in non-buzzspeak?

  - by Jason Baker

  Some of our partners are telling us that our software needs to interact with an Enterprise Service Bus. After researching this a bit, my instinct is to say that this is just buzz speak for saying that we need to have a platform-indpendent way to pass messages back and forth. I'm just trying to get a feel for what our partners are telling us. Am I correct in dismissing our partners' request as just trying to get our software to be more buzzword-compliant, or are they telling us something we should listen to (even if encoded in buzzspeak)?

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• What is Restful Routing?

  - by John Baker

  I have been searching pretty hard for info out on the net to explain exactly what Restful routing is but I haven't had any success. There are a lot of resources but not a who lot make sense to me. I'm familiar with Ruby On Rails's routing system and well as how Code Igniter and PhpCake route things but is there more to it than having a centralized location where you give out routes based on a directory structure? Like this: controller/action/id/ Admin/editUser/22 I'd appreciate any help with this, it's had me baffled for months. I just thought of putting it on SO. Thanks

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• How do I make a symlink to every directory in the current directory that has the same name but has u

  - by Jason Baker

  For instance, I suppose I have a directory that contains the following folders foo_bar baz What I would like to have is a bash command that will make a symlink foo-bar to foo_bar so it would look like this: foo-bar foo_bar baz I'm pretty sure I can write a Python script to do this, but I'm curious if there's a way to do this with bash. Here's where I'm stuck: ls -1 | grep _ | xargs -I {} ln -s {} `{} | sed 's/_/-/'` What I'm trying to do is run the command ln -s with the first argument being the directory name and the second argument being that name passed through sed s/_/-/. Is there another way to do this?

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• How do I do a semijoin using SQLAlchemy?

  - by Jason Baker

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_algebra#Semijoin Let's say that I have two tables: A and B. I want to make a query that would work similarly to the following SQL statement using the SQLAlchemy orm: SELECT A.* FROM A, B WHERE A.id = B.id AND B.type = 'some type'; The thing is that I'm trying to separate out A and B's logic into different places. So I'd like to make two queries that I can define in separate places: one where A uses B as a subquery, but only returns rows from A. I'm sure this is fairly easy to do, but an example would be nice if someone could show me.

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• MySQL on Windows-7 (64-bit) on 0.0.0.0:3306 rather than 127.0.0.1:3306

  - by Mark Baker

  I've just installed the latest production release of MySQL (64-bit) on my Windows 7 box. It was a straight vanilla install, using all defaults; but phpmyadmin can't see it at all. MySQL is configured as a service to start automatically, and I know it's running because the MySQL GUI tools work correctly. Doing a netstat -a, I see TCP 0.0.0.0:3306 Marks-Netbook:0 LISTENING when I'd expect to see TCP 127.0.0.1:3306 Marks-Netbook:0 LISTENING I don't know if this is the reason phpmyadmin can't connect, but suspect that it is probably the case. Can anybody confirm whether this is the likely cause, and/or suggest how I can reso;lve this?

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• How do I get the set of all letters in Java/Clojure?

  - by Jason Baker

  In Python, I can do this: >>> import string >>> string.letters 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' Is there any way to do something similar in Clojure (apart from copying and pasting the above characters somewhere)? I looked through both the Clojure standard library and the java standard library and couldn't find it.

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• Why doesn't C++ have a garbage collector?

  - by Jason Baker

  I'm not asking this question because of the merits of garbage collection first of all. My main reason for asking this is that I do know that Bjarne Stroustrup has said that C++ will have a garbage collector at some point in time. With that said, why hasn't it been added? There are already some garbage collectors for C++. Is this just one of those "easier said than done" type things? Or are there other reasons it hasn't been added (and won't be added in C++0x)? Cross links: Garbage collectors for C++ EDIT: Just to clarify, I understand the reasons why C++ didn't have a garbage collector when it was first created. I'm wondering why the collector can't be added in.

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• What is __path__ useful for?

  - by Jason Baker

  I had never noticed the __path__ attribute that gets defined on some of my packages before today. According to the documentation: Packages support one more special attribute, __path__. This is initialized to be a list containing the name of the directory holding the package’s __init__.py before the code in that file is executed. This variable can be modified; doing so affects future searches for modules and subpackages contained in the package. While this feature is not often needed, it can be used to extend the set of modules found in a package. Could somebody explain to me what exactly this means and why I would ever want to use it?

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• Enumerating large (20-digit) [probable] prime numbers

  - by Paul Baker

  Given A, on the order of 10^20, I'd like to quickly obtain a list of the first few prime numbers greater than A. OK, my needs aren't quite that exact - it's alright if occasionally a composite number ends up on the list. What's the fastest way to enumerate the (probable) primes greater than A? Is there a quicker way than stepping through all of the integers greater than A (other than obvious multiples of say, 2 and 3) and performing a primality test for each of them? If not, and the only method is to test each integer, what primality test should I be using?

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