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• Hosting a website on Heroku.... I know how to, but im running into problems!

  - by Thomas Miller

  I'm starting to learn more on the back-end scale of programing. Recently I started up Heroku for the second or third time. This time I actually installed the Git update to my Mac and installed Heroku in the terminal. I wanted to upload a static html site with the sinatra gem. Everything worked out fine inside the terminal, though I added sinatra after I got everything working and the file with the site hooked up to Heroku. In my logs I did see that I was missing the sinatra gem, so I installed it. My site contains both the proper app.rb and config.ru files. I have nothing showing up online. Just a blank screen! Contacting Heroku on this problem has been very difficult. I get a responce every day, and on every day I respond with a question to the answer that didn't help me at all. 2011-05-18T00:25:20+00:00 app[web.1]: 71.198.0.51 - - [17/May/2011 17:25:20] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0008 2011-05-18T00:25:20+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=313 2011-05-18T00:25:26+00:00 app[web.1]: 71.198.0.51 - - [17/May/2011 17:25:26] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0008 2011-05-18T00:25:26+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=5ms bytes=313 2011-05-17T18:25:51-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Idling 2011-05-17T18:26:01-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to down 2011-05-18T01:26:01+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Stopping process with SIGTERM 2011-05-18T01:26:01+00:00 app[web.1]: Stopping ... 2011-05-18T01:26:02+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited 2011-05-17T20:12:46-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Unidling 2011-05-17T20:12:47-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from created to starting 2011-05-18T03:12:48+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command: thin -p 40055 -e production -R /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru start 2011-05-18T03:12:49+00:00 app[web.1]: Thin web server (v1.2.6 codename Crazy Delicious) 2011-05-18T03:12:49+00:00 app[web.1]: Maximum connections set to 1024 2011-05-18T03:12:49+00:00 app[web.1]: Listening on 0.0.0.0:40055, CTRL+C to stop 2011-05-18T03:12:50+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/ dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=9954ms service=6ms bytes=565 2011-05-18T03:12:50+00:00 app[web.1]: 70.91.206.114 - - [17/May/2011 20:12:50] "GET /style.css HTTP/1.1" 200 - 0.0012 2011-05-18T03:12:50+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/style.css dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=269 2011-05-17T20:12:50-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up 2011-05-18T03:12:51+00:00 app[web.1]: 70.91.206.114 - - [17/May/2011 20:12:51] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0008 2011-05-18T03:12:51+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=4ms bytes=313 2011-05-18T03:13:05+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/ dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=5ms bytes=565 2011-05-18T03:13:05+00:00 app[web.1]: 70.91.206.114 - - [17/May/2011 20:13:05] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 293 0.0011 2011-05-18T03:13:05+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=313 2011-05-18T03:13:05+00:00 app[web.1]: 70.91.206.114 - - [17/May/2011 20:13:05] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0007 2011-05-18T03:57:05+00:00 app[web.1]: 172.18.33.56, 58.96.134.66 - - [17/May/2011 20:57:05] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 293 0.0007 2011-05-18T03:57:05+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/ dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=4ms bytes=565 2011-05-18T03:57:05+00:00 app[web.1]: 172.18.33.56, 58.96.134.66 - - [17/May/2011 20:57:05] "GET /style.css HTTP/1.1" 200 - 0.0007 2011-05-18T03:57:05+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/style.css dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=269 2011-05-18T03:57:08+00:00 app[web.1]: 172.18.33.56, 58.96.134.66 - - [17/May/2011 20:57:08] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0008 2011-05-17T21:58:27-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Idling 2011-05-18T04:58:30+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Stopping process with SIGTERM 2011-05-18T04:58:30+00:00 app[web.1]: Stopping ... 2011-05-18T04:58:30+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited 2011-05-17T21:58:33-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to down 2011-05-17T23:11:58-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Unidling 2011-05-17T23:11:58-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from created to starting 2011-05-18T06:12:00+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command: thin -p 40091 -e production -R /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru start 2011-05-18T06:12:01+00:00 app[web.1]: Thin web server (v1.2.6 codename Crazy Delicious) 2011-05-18T06:12:01+00:00 app[web.1]: Maximum connections set to 1024 2011-05-18T06:12:01+00:00 app[web.1]: Listening on 0.0.0.0:40091, CTRL+C to stop 2011-05-18T06:12:01+00:00 app[web.1]: 183.97.156.226 - - [17/May/2011 23:12:01] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 293 0.0017 2011-05-18T06:12:02+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/ dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=3209ms service=5ms bytes=565 2011-05-18T06:12:03+00:00 app[web.1]: 183.97.156.226 - - [17/May/2011 23:12:03] "GET /style.css HTTP/1.1" 200 - 0.0019 2011-05-17T23:12:08-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up 2011-05-18T00:13:13-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Idling 2011-05-18T00:13:16-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to down 2011-05-18T07:13:16+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Stopping process with SIGTERM 2011-05-18T07:13:16+00:00 app[web.1]: Stopping ... 2011-05-18T07:13:17+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited 2011-05-18T01:54:21-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Unidling 2011-05-18T01:54:21-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from created to starting 2011-05-18T08:54:23+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command: thin -p 59491 -e production -R /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru start 2011-05-18T08:54:24+00:00 app[web.1]: Thin web server (v1.2.6 codename Crazy Delicious) 2011-05-18T08:54:24+00:00 app[web.1]: Maximum connections set to 1024 2011-05-18T08:54:24+00:00 app[web.1]: Listening on 0.0.0.0:59491, CTRL+C to stop 2011-05-18T01:54:28-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/ dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=6943ms service=6ms bytes=565 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 app[web.1]: 62.244.82.72 - - [18/May/2011 01:54:28] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 293 0.0018 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/style.css dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=269 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 app[web.1]: 62.244.82.72 - - [18/May/2011 01:54:28] "GET /style.css HTTP/1.1" 200 - 0.0014 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 app[web.1]: 62.244.82.72 - - [18/May/2011 01:54:28] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0008 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=1ms bytes=313 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=4ms bytes=313 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 app[web.1]: 62.244.82.72 - - [18/May/2011 01:54:28] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0008 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 app[web.1]: 62.244.82.72 - - [18/May/2011 01:54:28] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0008 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=1ms bytes=313 2011-05-18T02:55:23-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Idling 2011-05-18T02:55:33-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to down 2011-05-18T09:55:34+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Stopping process with SIGTERM 2011-05-18T09:55:34+00:00 app[web.1]: Stopping ... 2011-05-18T09:55:34+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited 2011-05-18T07:23:10-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from created to starting 2011-05-18T14:23:12+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command: thin -p 20560 -e production -R /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru start 2011-05-18T14:23:13+00:00 app[web.1]: Thin web server (v1.2.6 codename Crazy Delicious) 2011-05-18T14:23:13+00:00 app[web.1]: Maximum connections set to 1024 2011-05-18T14:23:13+00:00 app[web.1]: Listening on 0.0.0.0:20560, CTRL+C to stop 2011-05-18T07:23:13-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up 2011-05-18T14:23:14+00:00 app[web.1]: 12.183.19.10 - - [18/May/2011 07:23:14] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 293 0.0018 2011-05-18T14:23:14+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/ dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=7ms bytes=565 2011-05-18T14:23:14+00:00 app[web.1]: 12.183.19.10 - - [18/May/2011 07:23:14] "GET /style.css HTTP/1.1" 200 - 0.0015 2011-05-18T14:23:14+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/style.css dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=269 2011-05-18T14:23:14+00:00 app[web.1]: 12.183.19.10 - - [18/May/2011 07:23:14] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0009 2011-05-18T14:23:14+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=313 2011-05-18T08:24:03-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Idling 2011-05-18T08:24:07-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to down 2011-05-18T15:24:07+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Stopping process with SIGTERM 2011-05-18T15:24:07+00:00 app[web.1]: Stopping ... 2011-05-18T17:34:27-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Unidling 2011-05-18T17:34:28-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from created to starting 2011-05-19T00:34:29+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command: thin -p 57621 -e production -R /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru start 2011-05-18T17:34:31-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up 2011-05-19T00:34:32+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/ dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=5ms bytes=565 2011-05-19T00:34:32+00:00 app[web.1]: 97.83.58.74 - - [18/May/2011 17:34:32] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 293 0.0016 2011-05-19T00:34:32+00:00 app[web.1]: 97.83.58.74 - - [18/May/2011 17:34:32] "GET /style.css HTTP/1.1" 200 - 0.0011 2011-05-19T00:34:32+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/style.css dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=269 2011-05-19T00:34:34+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=4ms bytes=313 2011-05-19T00:34:34+00:00 app[web.1]: 97.83.58.74 - - [18/May/2011 17:34:34] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0007 2011-05-18T18:35:48-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Idling 2011-05-18T18:35:51-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to down

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• MAAS not working

  - by Zimika

  I'm trying a whole week to make MASS to work, but no results. This is the procedure: maas createsuperuser sudo apt-get install maas-dhcp maas-import-isos apt-get install maas-enlist tftpd-hpa maas-import-isos After this I start node machine with PXE as default first boot device, and select option maas-enlist. Sistem start to installing some things, and after that on MAAS WebUI stand 1 node. But when I click on Node button on WebUI or refresh page, it show 0 node. Command cobbler system list showing: root@maas-serv:~# cobbler system list default node-3ee116ea-a8b2-11e1-a735-50e549e38206 Also, sometime this procedure register one node, but when registering second one, same problem like I described up. root@maas-serv:/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg# is empty, only default is there. On command maas-import-isos there is a one warning. ftpboot/images/precise-x86_64-maas-ephemeral/initrd copying images generating GPXE/PXE configuration files generating PXE menu structure warning: kernel option length exceeds 255 warning: kernel option length exceeds 255 warning: kernel option length exceeds 255 warning: kernel option length exceeds 255 copying files for distro: precise-x86_64

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• Installing SOA Suite 11.1.1.3

  - by James Taylor

  With the release of Oracle SOA Suite 11.1.1.3 last week (28 April 2010) I thought I would attempt to implement a complete SOA Environment with SOA Suite, BPM and OSB on the WLS infrastructure. One major point of difference with the 11.1.1.3 is that is is released as a point release so you must have 11.1.1.2 installed first, then upgrade to 11.1.1.3. This post is performing the upgrade on Linux, if upgrading on windows you will need to substitute the directories and files accordingly. This post assumes that you have SOA Suite 11.1.1.2 installed already. 1. Download 11.1.1.3 software from the following site: http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/middleware/htdocs/fmw_11_download.html WLS 11.1.1.3   RCU 11.1.1.3 SOA Suite 11.1.1.3 OSB 11.1.1.3 Copy files to a staging area. For the purpose of this document the staging area is: /u01/stage  2. Shutdown your existing SOA Suite 11.1.1.2 environment 3. Execute the WLS 11.1.1.3 install from the stage directory. wls1033_linux32.bin 4. Choose the existing 11.1.1.2 Middleware Home 5. Ignore the security update notification 6. Accept the default products to be upgraded. 7. Upgrade of WebLogic has been completed   8. Upgrade the SOA Suite database schemas using the RCU utility. Unzip the RCU utility into the staging area and run the install ./u01/stage/rcuHome/bin/rcu 9. Drop the existing Repository and provide connection details 9. Install SOA Suite patch set 11.1.1.3. Unzip the SOA Suite patchset and execute the runInstaller with the following command. ./u01/stage/Disk1/runInstaller –jreLoc $MW_HOME/jdk160_18/jre 10. Choose the existing 11.1.1.2 middleware home 11. Start Install 12. Your SOA Suite Install should now be completed. Now we need to update the database repository. Login to SQLPlus as sysdba and execute the following command. SELECT version, status FROM schema_version_registry where owner = 'DEV_SOAINFRA'; the result should be similar to this: VERSION                        STATUS      OWNER ------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ 11.1.1.2.0                     VALID       DEV_SOAINFRA As you can see the version if these repositories are still at 11.1.1.2. 13. To upgrade these versions you have 2 options. 1 install via RCU, but this will remove any existing services. The second option is to use the Patch Set Assistant. From the $MW_HOME directory run the following command ./Oracle_SOA1/bin/psa -dbType Oracle -dbConnectString 'localhost:1521:xe' -dbaUserName sys -schemaUserName DEV_SOAINFRA 14. Install OSB. For the OSB install I did not install the IDE, or the Examples. run the runInstaller from the command line, unzip the OSB download to the stage area. ./u01/stage/osb/Disk1/runInstaller –jreLoc $MW_HOME/jdk160_18/jre 15. Choose Custom Install NOT to install the IDE (Eclipse) or Examples. 16. Unselect the, Examples and IDE checkboxes. 17. Accept the defaults and start installing. 18. Once the install has been completed configure the domain by running the Configuration Wizard. $MW_HOME/oracle_common/common/bin/config.sh You can create a new domain. In this document I will extend the soa_domain. 19. Select the following from the check list. I have selected the BPM Suite, this is unrelated to OSB but wanted it for my development purposes. To use this functionality additional license are required. 20. Configure the database connectivity. 21. Configure the database connectivity for the OSB schema. 22. Accept the defaults if installing on standard machine, if you require a cluster or advanced configuration then choose the option for you. 23. Upgrade is complete and OSB has been installed. Now you can start your environment.

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• Clean Up the New Ubuntu Grub2 Boot Menu

  - by Trevor Bekolay

  Ubuntu adopted the new version of the Grub boot manager in version 9.10, getting rid of the old problematic menu.lst. Today we look at how to change the boot menu options in Grub2. Grub2 is a step forward in a lot of ways, and most of the annoying menu.lst issues from the past are gone. Still, if you’re not vigilant with removing old versions of the kernel, the boot list can still end up being longer than it needs to be. Note: You may have to hold the SHIFT button on your keyboard while booting up to get this menu to show. If only one operating system is installed on your computer, it may load it automatically without displaying this menu. Remove Old Kernel Entries The most common clean up task for the boot menu is to remove old kernel versions lying around on your machine. In our case we want to remove the 2.6.32-21-generic boot menu entries. In the past, this meant opening up /boot/grub/menu.lst…but with Grub2, if we remove the kernel package from our computer, Grub automatically removes those options. To remove old kernel versions, open up Synaptic Package Manager, found in the System > Administration menu. When it opens up, type the kernel version that you want to remove in the Quick search text field. The first few numbers should suffice. For each of the entries associated with the old kernel (e.g. linux-headers-2.6.32-21 and linux-image-2.6.32-21-generic), right-click and choose Mark for Complete Removal. Click the Apply button in the toolbar and then Apply in the summary window that pops up. Close Synaptic Package Manager. The next time you boot up your computer, the Grub menu will not contain the entries associated with the removed kernel version. Remove Any Option by Editing /etc/grub.d If you need more fine-grained control, or want to remove entries that are not kernel versions, you must change the files located in /etc/grub.d. /etc/grub.d contains files that hold the menu entries that used to be contained in /boot/grub/menu.lst. If you want to add new boot menu entries, you would create a new file in this folder, making sure to mark it as executable. If you want to remove boot menu entries, as we do, you would edit files in this folder. If we wanted to remove all of the memtest86+ entries, we could just make the 20_memtest86+ file non-executable, with the terminal command sudo chmod –x 20_memtest86+ Followed by the terminal command sudo update-grub Note that memtest86+ was not found by update-grub because it will only consider executable files. However, instead, we’re going to remove the Serial console 115200 entry for memtest86+… Open a terminal window Applications > Accessories > Terminal. In the terminal window, type in the command: sudo gedit /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ The menu entries are found at the bottom of this file. Comment out the menu entry for serial console 115200 by adding a “#” to the start of each line. Save and close this file. In the terminal window you opened, enter in the command sudo update-grub Note: If you don’t run update-grub, the boot menu options will not change! Now, the next time you boot up, that strange entry will be gone, and you’re left with a simple and clean boot menu. Conclusion While changing Grub2’s boot menu may seem overly complicated to legacy Grub masters, for normal users, Grub2 means that you won’t have to change the boot menu that often. Fortunately, if you do have to do it, the process is still pretty easy. For more detailed information about how to change entries in Grub2, this Ubuntu forum thread is a great resource. If you’re using an older version of Ubuntu, check out our article on how to clean up Ubuntu grub boot menu after upgrades. Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Clean Up Ubuntu Grub Boot Menu After UpgradesReinstall Ubuntu Grub Bootloader After Windows Wipes it OutChange the GRUB Menu Timeout on UbuntuHow To Switch to Console Mode for Ubuntu VMware GuestSet Windows as Default OS when Dual Booting Ubuntu TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips VMware Workstation 7 Acronis Online Backup DVDFab 6 Revo Uninstaller Pro Daily Motivator (Firefox) FetchMp3 Can Download Videos & Convert Them to Mp3 Use Flixtime To Create Video Slideshows Creating a Password Reset Disk in Windows Bypass Waiting Time On Customer Service Calls With Lucyphone MELTUP – "The Beginning Of US Currency Crisis And Hyperinflation"

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• How do you uninstall wine 1.5?

  - by jeff

  I installed Wine through the terminal using these commands: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install wine1.5 I know that I've removed at least part of wine. I removed the .wine folder in my home folder and I managed to remove the repository via this command: sudo apt-add-repository --remove ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa Now when I try to install wine 1.4 via Ubuntu software center, it tells me I must remove these items to install wine: Microsoft windows compatibility layer (binary emulator and library) wine1.5 Microsoft windows compatibility layer (64-bit support) wine1.5-amd64 Microsoft windows compatibility layer (32-bit support) wine1.5-i386:i386 I've already tried this command: sudo apt-get --purge remove wine but it said that wine wasn't installed. Some assistance would be appreciated.

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• Certificate error with Web Platform Installer

  - by findleyd

   A friend of mine was having an issue getting the Web Platform Installer to work on his Windows Server 2008 R2 box. He said there was some sort of cert error and asked me to try https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=158722 on my local machine to see if I got the cert error.  I tried it and I did get a cert error on Windows 7 64bit. I happened to notice that that url simply redirects to https://www.microsoft.com/web/webpi/2.0/WebProductList.xml . Out of curiosity I dropped to a command line and tried to run .\WebPlatformInstaller.exe /? to see if there were any command line options. It gave an error that said invalid URI. So we tried running it with the product list url like: "WebPlatformInstaller.exe https://www.microsoft.com/web/webpi/2.0/WebProductList.xml" . This seems to get around the expired cert that is on go.microsoft.com.  Here's a screen shot of the error: 

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• How to configure a zone cluster on Solaris Cluster 4.0

  - by JuergenS

  This is a short overview on how to configure a zone cluster on Solaris Cluster 4.0. This is a little bit different as in Solaris Cluster 3.2/3.3 because Solaris Cluster 4.0 is only running on Solaris 11. The name of the zone cluster must be unique throughout the global Solaris Cluster and must be configured on a global Solaris Cluster. Please read all the requirements for zone cluster in Solaris Cluster Software Installation Guide for SC4.0. For Solaris Cluster 3.2/3.3 please refer to my previous blog Configuration steps to create a zone cluster in Solaris Cluster 3.2/3.3. A. Configure the zone cluster into the already running global clusterCheck if zone cluster can be created # cluster show-netprops to change number of zone clusters use # cluster set-netprops -p num_zoneclusters=12 Note: 12 zone clusters is the default, values can be customized! Create config file (zc1config) for zone cluster setup e.g: Configure zone cluster # clzc configure -f zc1config zc1 Note: If not using the config file the configuration can also be done manually # clzc configure zc1 Check zone configuration # clzc export zc1 Verify zone cluster # clzc verify zc1 Note: The following message is a notice and comes up on several clzc commands Waiting for zone verify commands to complete on all the nodes of the zone cluster "zc1"... Install the zone cluster # clzc install zc1 Note: Monitor the consoles of the global zone to see how the install proceed! (The output is different on the nodes) It's very important that all global cluster nodes have installed the same set of ha-cluster packages! Boot the zone cluster # clzc boot zc1 Login into non-global-zones of zone cluster zc1 on all nodes and finish Solaris installation. # zlogin -C zc1 Check status of zone cluster # clzc status zc1 Login into non-global-zones of zone cluster zc1 and configure the shell environment for root (for PATH: /usr/cluster/bin, for MANPATH: /usr/cluster/man) # zlogin -C zc1 If using additional name service configure /etc/nsswitch.conf of zone cluster non-global zones. hosts: cluster files netmasks: cluster files Configure /etc/inet/hosts of the zone cluster zones Enter all the logical hosts of non-global zones B. Add resource groups and resources to zone cluster Create a resource group in zone cluster # clrg create -n <zone-hostname-node1>,<zone-hostname-node2> app-rg Note1: Use command # cluster status for zone cluster resource group overview. Note2: You can also run all commands for zone cluster in global cluster by adding the option -Z to the command. e.g: # clrg create -Z zc1 -n <zone-hostname-node1>,<zone-hostname-node2> app-rg Set up the logical host resource for zone cluster In the global zone do: # clzc configure zc1 clzc:zc1 add net clzc:zc1:net set address=<zone-logicalhost-ip> clzc:zc1:net end clzc:zc1 commit clzc:zc1 exit Note: Check that logical host is in /etc/hosts file In zone cluster do: # clrslh create -g app-rg -h <zone-logicalhost> <zone-logicalhost>-rs Set up storage resource for zone cluster Register HAStoragePlus # clrt register SUNW.HAStoragePlus Example1) ZFS storage pool In the global zone do: Configure zpool eg: # zpool create <zdata> mirror cXtXdX cXtXdX and # clzc configure zc1 clzc:zc1 add dataset clzc:zc1:dataset set name=zdata clzc:zc1:dataset end clzc:zc1 verify clzc:zc1 commit clzc:zc1 exit Check setup with # clzc show -v zc1 In the zone cluster do: # clrs create -g app-rg -t SUNW.HAStoragePlus -p zpools=zdata app-hasp-rs Example2) HA filesystem In the global zone do: Configure SVM diskset and SVM devices. and # clzc configure zc1 clzc:zc1 add fs clzc:zc1:fs set dir=/data clzc:zc1:fs set special=/dev/md/datads/dsk/d0 clzc:zc1:fs set raw=/dev/md/datads/rdsk/d0 clzc:zc1:fs set type=ufs clzc:zc1:fs add options [logging] clzc:zc1:fs end clzc:zc1 verify clzc:zc1 commit clzc:zc1 exit Check setup with # clzc show -v zc1 In the zone cluster do: # clrs create -g app-rg -t SUNW.HAStoragePlus -p FilesystemMountPoints=/data app-hasp-rs Example3) Global filesystem as loopback file system In the global zone configure global filesystem and it to /etc/vfstab on all global nodes e.g.: /dev/md/datads/dsk/d0 /dev/md/datads/dsk/d0 /global/fs ufs 2 yes global,logging and # clzc configure zc1 clzc:zc1 add fs clzc:zc1:fs set dir=/zone/fs (zc-lofs-mountpoint) clzc:zc1:fs set special=/global/fs (globalcluster-mountpoint) clzc:zc1:fs set type=lofs clzc:zc1:fs end clzc:zc1 verify clzc:zc1 commit clzc:zc1 exit Check setup with # clzc show -v zc1 In the zone cluster do: (Create scalable rg if not already done) # clrg create -p desired_primaries=2 -p maximum_primaries=2 app-scal-rg # clrs create -g app-scal-rg -t SUNW.HAStoragePlus -p FilesystemMountPoints=/zone/fs hasp-rs More details of adding storage available in the Installation Guide for zone cluster Switch resource group and resources online in the zone cluster # clrg online -eM app-rg # clrg online -eM app-scal-rg Test: Switch of the resource group in the zone cluster # clrg switch -n zonehost2 app-rg # clrg switch -n zonehost2 app-scal-rg Add supported dataservice to zone cluster Documentation for SC4.0 is available here Example output: Appendix: To delete a zone cluster do: # clrg delete -Z zc1 -F + Note: Zone cluster uninstall can only be done if all resource groups are removed in the zone cluster. The command 'clrg delete -F +' can be used in zone cluster to delete the resource groups recursively. # clzc halt zc1 # clzc uninstall zc1 Note: If clzc command is not successful to uninstall the zone, then run 'zoneadm -z zc1 uninstall -F' on the nodes where zc1 is configured # clzc delete zc1

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• What is start_daemon?

  - by David Parks

  I'm trying to understand start_daemon in the following /etc/init.d/nagios-nrpe-server startup script: start) if [ "$INETD" = 1 ]; then exit 1 fi log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME" start_daemon -p $PIDDIR/nrpe.pid $NICENESS $DAEMON -c $CONFIG -d $DAEMON_OPTS log_end_msg $? ;; In particular, when I start this service it isn't writing a PID file as expected, thus the stop service nagios-nrpe-server command is not working (I need to manually kill the processes). I'm trying to figure out how to trouble shoot the problem, but I can't run start_daemon ... from the command line. I want to reproduce what the script is doing manually so I can work on what the problem is.

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• Using the Windows Explorer Context Menu to reset Umbraco Directory Permissions

  - by Vizioz Limited

  Hi All,As Umbraco matures I am assuming that needing to reset directory permissions might well become a thing of the past, but at the moment it is still something when I copy sites between machines that I often find myself doing.As it's 4:30am I thought, there must be a better way than having to open up a DOS prompt, navigate to a directory and then run a batch file passing in the IIS root folder location.Well.. there is :)I googled for adding a command to the context menu within Windows Explorer, I found a way of doing this for XP, but it seems the functionality was removed from Windows 7, however I found a very neat freeware application called File Menu Tools which does work perfectly!I have now added a command to my context menu that enables me to right click an IIS site root folder and then call my batch script and automatically pass in the directory.This will save me a bunch of time :)

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• Issue installing FLEXnet on ubuntu for program: Geneious

  - by jon_shep

  Afternoon, I can successful in my Geneious Pro software but when I am required to have FLEXnet installed for the licensing process. The prompt I am given is : To install FLEXnet on Linux, run the following command from your shell as root: /home/shep/Geneious/licensing_service/install_fnp.sh "/home/shep/Geneious/licensing_service/linux64/FNPLicensingService" When you have done this, you can activate your license in Geneious. As Root: root@Jon:/home/shep/Geneious/licensing_service# sh install_fnp.sh Unable to locate anchor service to install, please specify correctly on command line also root@Jon:/home/shep/Geneious/licensing_service/linux64# sh FNPLicensingService FNPLicensingService: 2: FNPLicensingService: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string Anyone have further ideas? I tried to find the software online directly, that was no good either. ~Jon

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• Ctrl + C doesn't abort programs in terminal

  - by jake

  I changed the keyboard shortcut in terminal so that Ctrl + C would copy text. I realized I can't abort a program I am running since Ctrl + C used to be the abort command. I know that Ctrl + Shift + C works but want it switched back. Is there a way to revert the keyboard shortcuts to the real defaults before I decided to mess with it? What is the abort command defined as in keyboard shortcuts? Not a big program if I can't but it would be nice to know.

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• OpenVPN on Ubuntu 11.10 - unable to redirect default gateway

  - by Vladimir Kadalashvili

  I'm trying to connect to connect to OpenVPN server from my Ubuntu 11.10 machine. I use the following command to do it (under root user): openvpn --config /home/vladimir/client.ovpn Everything seems to be OK, it connects normally without any warnings and errors, but when I try to browse the internet I see that I still use my own IP address, so VPN connection doesn't work. When I run openvpn command, it displays the following message among others: NOTE: unable to redirect default gateway -- Cannot read current default gateway from system I think it's the cause of this problem, but unfortunately I don't know how to fix it. Below is full output of openvpn command: Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 OpenVPN 2.2.0 x86_64-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [eurephia] [MH] [PF_INET6] [IPv6 payload 20110424-2 (2.2RC2)] built on Jul 4 2011 Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Control Channel Authentication: tls-auth using INLINE static key file Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 LZO compression initialized Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:166 EF:66 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Socket Buffers: R=[126976->200000] S=[126976->200000] Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '504e774e' Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '14168603' Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Sat Jun 9 23:51:36 2012 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]94.229.78.130:1194 Sat Jun 9 23:51:37 2012 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]94.229.78.130:1194, sid=13fd921b b42072ab Sat Jun 9 23:51:37 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /CN=OpenVPN_CA Sat Jun 9 23:51:37 2012 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Sat Jun 9 23:51:37 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /CN=OpenVPN_Server Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Sat Jun 9 23:51:38 2012 [OpenVPN_Server] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]94.229.78.130:1194 Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 SENT CONTROL [OpenVPN_Server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,explicit-exit-notify,topology subnet,route-delay 5 30,dhcp-pre-release,dhcp-renew,dhcp-release,route-metric 101,ping 5,ping-restart 40,redirect-gateway def1,redirect-gateway bypass-dhcp,redirect-gateway autolocal,route-gateway 5.5.0.1,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4,register-dns,comp-lzo yes,ifconfig 5.5.117.43 255.255.0.0' Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 Unrecognized option or missing parameter(s) in [PUSH-OPTIONS]:4: dhcp-pre-release (2.2.0) Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 Unrecognized option or missing parameter(s) in [PUSH-OPTIONS]:5: dhcp-renew (2.2.0) Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 Unrecognized option or missing parameter(s) in [PUSH-OPTIONS]:6: dhcp-release (2.2.0) Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 Unrecognized option or missing parameter(s) in [PUSH-OPTIONS]:16: register-dns (2.2.0) Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: explicit notify parm(s) modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: LZO parms modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: route-related options modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 ROUTE: default_gateway=UNDEF Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100 Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 do_ifconfig, tt->ipv6=0, tt->did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=0 Sat Jun 9 23:51:40 2012 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 5.5.117.43 netmask 255.255.0.0 mtu 1500 broadcast 5.5.255.255 Sat Jun 9 23:51:45 2012 NOTE: unable to redirect default gateway -- Cannot read current default gateway from system Sat Jun 9 23:51:45 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed Output of route command: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default * 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 ppp0 5.5.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 tun0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 wlan0 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0 stream-ts1.net. * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 Output of ifconfig command: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6c:62:6d:44:0d:12 inet6 addr: fe80::6e62:6dff:fe44:d12/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:54594 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:59897 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:44922107 (44.9 MB) TX bytes:8839969 (8.8 MB) Interrupt:41 Base address:0x8000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:4561 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4561 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:685425 (685.4 KB) TX bytes:685425 (685.4 KB) ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:213.206.63.44 P-t-P:213.206.34.4 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1492 Metric:1 RX packets:53577 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:58892 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:43667387 (43.6 MB) TX bytes:7504776 (7.5 MB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:5.5.117.43 P-t-P:5.5.117.43 Mask:255.255.0.0 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:27:19:f6:b5:cf inet addr:192.168.0.1 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::227:19ff:fef6:b5cf/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:12079 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:11178 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1483691 (1.4 MB) TX bytes:4307899 (4.3 MB) So my question is - how to make OpenVPN redirect default gateway? Thanks!

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• Windows Azure Evolution &ndash; Preview Developer Portal

  - by Shaun

  With the MEET Windows Azure event on 7th June, there are many new features and updates in windows azure platform. In the coming several posts I will try to cover some of them. And in the first post here I would like to just have a quick walkthrough of the new preview developer portal.   History of the Developer Portal If you have been working with windows azure since 2009 or 2010, you should remember the first version of the developer portal. It was built in HTML with very limited features. I have the impression when I was using is old one. The layout is not that attractive and you have very limited features. On November, 2010 alone with the SDK 1.3 release, the developer portal was getting a big jump. In order to give more usability and features this it turned to be built on Silverlight. Hence it runs like a desktop application with many windows, lists, commands and context menus. From 2010 till now many features were involved into this portal, such as the remote desktop, co-admin, virtual connect, VM role, etc.. And the portal itself became more and more complicated. But it brought some problems by using the Silverlight. The first one is the browser capability. As you know in most mobile and tablet device the browser doesn’t allow the rich content plugin, such as Flash and Silverlight. This means people cannot open and configure their azure services from their iPad, iPhone and Windows Phone, etc., even though what they need may just be restart a hosted service, or view the status of their databases. Another problem is the performance. Silverlight provides rich experience to the users, but also needs more bandwidth. So in this upgrade the preview developer portal will be back to use HTML, with JavaScript, as a mobile friendly, cross browser, interactively web site.   Preview Portal vs. Silverlight Portal Before I started to talk about the new preview portal I’d better highlight that, this preview portal is a PREVIEW version, which means even though you can do almost all features that already in the old one, as long as some cool new features I will mention in the coming several posts, there are something still under developed and migrated. So sometimes you need to switch back to the old one. For example, in preview portal there is no co-admin manage function, no remote desktop function and the SQL database manage function will take you back to the old SQL Azure Manage Portal. But as Microsoft said these missing features will be moved in the preview portal in the couple of next few months. Since the public URL of the developer portal, https://windows.azure.com/, had been changed to point to this preview one, you need to click to preview button on top of the page and click the “Take me to the previous portal” link.   Overview There are four parts in the preview portal. On the top is the header which shows the account you are currently logging in. If you click on the header it will show the top menu of windows azure, where you can navigate to the windows azure home page, the price information page, community and account, etc.. The navigation bar is on the left hand side, with the categories listed below. ALL ITEMS All items in your windows azure account, includes the web sites, services, databases, etc.. WEB SITES The web sites in your windows azure account. It will only show the web sites you have. The linked resources will be shown if you drill down into a web site. VIRTUAL MACHINES The virtual machines that you had been deployed to azure. CLOUD SERVICES All windows azure hosted services in your account. SQL DATABASES All SQL databases (SQL Azure) in your account. STORAGE All windows azure storage services in your account. NETWORKS The virtual network (Windows Azure Connect) you had been created. The available items will be listed in the main part of the page based on which category your currently selected. If there’s no item it will show the link to you to quick create. At the bottom of the page there will be the command and information bar. Based on what is selected and what is performed by the user, it will show the related information and commands. For example, in the image below when I was creating a new web site, the information bar told me that my web site is being provisioned; and there are two commands in the command bar. And once it ready the command bar will show some commands that I can do to my new web site. The “Web Sites” is a new feature introduced alone with this upgrade. It gives us an easier and quicker way to establish a website from the scratch or from some existing library. I will introduce it more details in the coming next post. Also in the command bar you can create a service by clicking the NEW button. It will slide the creation panel up to you.   Where’s My Hosted Services The Windows Azure Hosted Services had been renamed to the Cloud Services. Create a new service would be very easy. Just click the NEW button at the bottom of the page, and select the CLOUD SERVICE and QIUICK CREATE. This will create a blank hosted service without deployment and certificate. It just needs you to specify the service URL and the affinity/region. Then the service will be shown in the list. If you clicked the item all information will be shown in the main part. Since there’s no package deployed to this service so currently we cannot see any information about it. But we can upload the package by using the command at the bottom. And as you can see, we could manage the configuration, instances, certificates and we can scale up and down (change the VM size), in and out (increase and decrease the instance count) to our service. Assuming I had created an ASP.NET MVC 3 web role project in Visual Studio and completed the package. Then I can click the UPLOAD button in this page to deploy my package. In the popping up window I just specify my deployment name, package file and configure file. Also I can check the box below so that it will NOT warn me if only one instance of this deployment. Once we clicked the OK button our package will be uploaded and provisioned by the platform. After a while we can see the service was ready from the information bar. We can have the basic information about this service and deployment if we to the dashboard page. For example the usage overview diagram, status, URL, public IP address, etc.. In the configure page we can view and change the CSCFG content such as the monitor setting, connection strings, OS family. In scale page we can increase and decrease the count of the instances. And in the instances page we can view all instances status. And, if your services is using some SQL databases and storages they will be shown as the linked resources under the linked resources page. And you can manage the certificates of this service as well under the certificates page.   How About My Storage Services The storage service can be managed by clicking into the STORAGES link in the navigation bar. And we can create a new storage service from the NEW button. After specify the storage name and region it will be previsioned by the platform. If you want to copy or manage the storage key you can just click the Manage Keys button at the bottom, which is very easy. What I want to highlight here is that, you can monitor your storage service by enabling the monitor configuration. Click the storage item in the list and navigate to the configure page. As you can see in the page you can enable the monitoring for blob, table and queue. And you can also enable the logging when any requests come to the storage. But as the tooltip shown in the page, enabling the monitoring and logging will increase the usage of the storage, which means increase the bill of them. So make sure you enable them properly.   And My SQL Databases (SQL Azure) The last thing I want to quick introduce is the SQL databases, which was formally named SQL Azure. You can create a new SQL Database Server and a new database by clicking the ADD button under the SQL Database navigation item. In the popping up windows just specify the database name, the edition, size, collation and the server. You can select an existing SQL Database Server if you have, or cerate a new one. If you selected to create a new server, there will be another step you need to do, which is specify the server login, password and the region. Once it ready you can mange your databases as well as the servers in the portal. In a particular server you can update the firewall settings in its Configure page. So, What Else There are some other area on the preview portal I didn’t cover, such as the virtual machines, virtual network and web sites. Regarding the virtual machines and web sites I will talk about them in the future separated post. Regarding the virtual network, it the Windows Azure Connect we are familiar with. But as I mention in the beginning of this post, the preview portal is still under developed. Some features are not available here. For example, you cannot manage the co-admin of your subscriptions, you cannot open the remote desktop on your hosted services, and you cannot navigate to the Windows Azure Service Bus, Access Control and Caching, which formally named Windows Azure AppFabric directly. In these cases you need to navigate back to the old portal. So in the coming several months we might need to use both these two sites.   Summary In this post I quick introduced the new windows azure developer portal. Since it had been rearranged and renamed I demonstrated some features that existing in the old portal, such as how to create and deploy a hosted service, how to provision a storage service and SQL database. All features in the old portal had been, is being and will be migrated into this new portal, but some of them were in a different category and page we need to figure out.   Hope this helps, Shaun All documents and related graphics, codes are provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. Copyright © Shaun Ziyan Xu. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.

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• Migrating SQL Server Databases – The DBA’s Checklist (Part 2)

  - by Sadequl Hussain

  Continuing from Part 1  , our Migration Checklist continues: Step 5: Update statistics It is always a good idea to update the statistics of the database that you have just installed or migrated. To do this, run the following command against the target database: sp_updatestats The sp_updatestats system stored procedure runs the UPDATE STATISTICS command against every user and system table in the database.  However, a word of caution: running the sp_updatestats against a database with a compatibility level below 90 (SQL Server 2005) will reset the automatic UPDATE STATISTICS settings for every index and statistics of every table in the database. You may therefore want to change the compatibility mode before you run the command. Another thing you should remember to do is to ensure the new database has its AUTO_CREATE_STATISTICS and AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS properties set to ON. You can do so using the ALTER DATABASE command or from the SSMS. Step 6: Set database options You may have to change the state of a database after it has been restored. If the database was changed to single-user or read-only mode before backup, the restored copy will also retain these settings. This may not be an issue when you are manually restoring from Enterprise Manager or the Management Studio since you can change the properties. However, this is something to be mindful of if the restore process is invoked by an automated job or script and the database needs to be written to immediately after restore. You may want to check the database’s status programmatically in such cases. Another important option you may want to set for the newly restored / attached database is PAGE_VERIFY. This option specifies how you want SQL Server to ensure the physical integrity of the data. It is a new option from SQL Server 2005 and can have three values: CHECKSUM (default for SQL Server 2005 and latter databases), TORN_PAGE_DETECTION (default when restoring a pre-SQL Server 2005 database) or NONE. Torn page detection was itself an option for SQL Server 2000 databases. From SQL Server 2005, when PAGE_VERIFY is set to CHECKSUM, the database engine calculates the checksum for a page’s contents and writes it to the page header before storing it in disk. When the page is read from the disk, the checksum is computed again and compared with the checksum stored in the header.  Torn page detection works much like the same way in that it stores a bit in the page header for every 512 byte sector. When data is read from the page, the torn page bits stored in the header is compared with the respective sector contents. When PAGE_VERIFY is set to NONE, SQL Server does not perform any checking, even if torn page data or checksums are present in the page header.  This may not be something you would want to set unless there is a very specific reason.  Microsoft suggests using the CHECKSUM page verify option as this offers more protection. Step 7: Map database users to logins A common database migration issue is related to user access. Windows and SQL Server native logins that existed in the source instance and had access to the database may not be present in the destination. Even if the logins exist in the destination, the mapping between the user accounts and the logins will not be automatic. You can use a special system stored procedure called sp_change_users_login to address these situations. The procedure needs to be run against the newly attached or restored database and can accept four parameters. Depending on what you want to do, you may be using less than four though. The first parameter, @Action, can take three values. When you specify @Action = ‘Report’, the system will provide you with a list of database users which are not mapped to any login. If you want to map a database user to an existing SQL Server login, the value for @Action will be ‘Update_One’. In this case, you will only need to provide the database user name and the login it will map to. So if your newly restored database has a user account called “bob” and there is already a SQL Server login with the same name and you want to map the user to the login, you will execute a query like the following: sp_change_users_login         @Action = ‘Update_One’,         @UserNamePattern = ‘bob’,         @LoginName = ‘bob’ If the login does not exist, you can instruct SQL Server to create the login with the same name. In this case you will need to provide a password for the login and the value of the @Action parameter will be ‘Auto_Fix’. If the login already exists, it will be automatically mapped to the user account. Unfortunately sp_change_users_login system stored procedure cannot be used to map database users to trusted logins (Windows accounts) in SQL Server. You will need to follow a manual process to re-map the database user accounts.  Continues…

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• How to Run Apache Commands From Oracle HTTP Server 11g Home

  - by Daniel Mortimer

  Every now and then you come across a problem when there is nothing in the "troubleshooting manual" which can help you. Instead you need to think outside the box. This happened to me two or three years back. Oracle HTTP Server (OHS) 11g did not start. The error reported back by OPMN was generic and gave no clue, and worse the HTTP Server error log was empty, and remained so even after I had increased the OPMN and HTTP Server log levels. After checking configuration files, operating system resources, etc I was still no nearer the solution. And then the light bulb moment! OHS is based on Apache - what happens if I attempt to start HTTP Server using the native apache command. Trouble was the OHS 11g solution has its binaries and configuration files in separate "home" directories ORACLE_HOME contains the binaries ORACLE_INSTANCE contains the configuration files How to set the environment so that native apache commands run without error? Eventually, with help from a colleague, the knowledge articleHow to Start Oracle HTTP Server 11g Without Using opmnctl [ID 946532.1]was born! To be honest, I cannot remember the exact cause and solution to that OHS problem two or three years ago. But, I do remember that an attempt to start HTTP Server using the native apache command threw back an error to the console which led me to discover the culprit was some unusual filesystem fault.The other day, I was asked to review and publish a new knowledge article which described how to use the apache command to dump a list of static and shared loaded modules. This got me thinking that it was time [ID 946532.1] was given an update. The resultHow To Run Native Apache Commands in an Oracle HTTP Server 11g Environment [ID 946532.1] Highlights: Title change Improved environment setting scripts Interactive, should be no need to manually edit the scripts (although readers are welcome to do so) Automatically dump out some diagnostic information Inclusion of some links to other troubleshooting collateral To view the knowledge article you need a My Oracle Support login. For convenience, you can obtain the scripts via the links below.MS Windows:Wrapper cmd script - calls main cmd script [After download, remove the ".txt" file extension]Main cmd script - sets OHS 11g environment to run Apache commands [After download, remove the ".txt" file extension]Unix:Shell script - sets OHS 11g environment to run Apache commands on Unix Please note: I cannot guarantee that the scripts held in the blog repository will be maintained. Any enhancements or faults will applied to the scripts attached to the knowledge article. Lastly, to find out more about native apache commands, refer to the Apache Documentation apachectl - Apache HTTP Server Control Interface[http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/programs/apachectl.html]httpd - Apache Hypertext Transfer Protocol Server[http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/programs/httpd.html]

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• Weblogic domain scale up using EM Grid Control 11gR1

  - by dmitry.nefedkin(at)oracle.com

  As you know a weblogic domain consists of set of servers running independently or in a cluster mode, sharing the distributed resources. And in most environments weblogic  cluster consists of multiple managed servers running simultaneously and working together to provide increased scalability and reliability.  These servers can run on the same machine, or be located on different machines.  It's a common task to increase a cluster's capacity by adding new machines to the cluster to host the new server instances.  You can do it by manually installing weblogic binaries to the new host and use pack/unpack commands to add a managed server to this new host.  But with Enterprise Manager Grid Control 11gR1 (EMGC) there is  another way - Fusion Middleware Domain Scale Up  procedure. I'm going to show you how it works.Here is a picture of  my medrec_oradb weblogic domain, what is registered in EMGC. It contains an admin server and a cluster MedRecCluster with  the single managed server MS1. Both admin and managed servers are on the same host oel46-vmware, it's a virtual machine with OEL 4.6 that runs inside our Oracle VM infrastructure.  And here are the application deployments, note that couple of applications are deployed to the cluster.First of all I have to prepare a new machine that will host new managed sever of my cluster. I created new VM with OEL 5.4 using the corresponding Oracle VM template available in Oracle E-Delivery site for Oracle Linux and Oracle VM and named it wls1032. Next step is to install Oracle EM Grid Control 11gR1 Agent to this new host.  You can download it from the OTN page and install it manually,  or you can use Agent Installation Deployment procedure available in EMGC  (Deployments->Agent Installation->Install Agent). Anyway, when you agent is up and running on the new machine, you will see it in EMGC Console in the Targets->Hosts subtab.Now we are ready to scale up our weblogic domain. Click the Deployments tab in Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control, and then click Deployment Procedure. Select a Fusion Middleware Domain Scale Up procedure from the list, and click Schedule Deployment. The first page of the FMW Domain Scale Up Wizard is displayed and you can proceed with the deployment process.Select the domain from list, enter the working directory on the admin server host, and also fill the weblogic credentials for the administration server console and the OS credentials for the  admin server host.  Click Next button.  The next step allows you to configure you domain, to add a new manager server to the cluster you should select the cluster in the tree and click Add Server button. Select the newly added server in a tree, choose the target host and  enter the configuration details of your managed server. You can also add new machine and node manager details.  Please note that you cannot change the values in  Domain Location and Fusion Middleware Home fields, so these locations on the target host will be the same as for the admin server host.   Working directory on the target host should have enough free space to store FMW home binaries and domain configuration files.  In my experience the working directories should have at least 3 Gb of free space.  The last thing you should fill is the OS credentials for the target host. The next steps allows you to schedule the execution of the procedure, it is started immediately in my example. The last step is just a review the configuration for the domain scale up. Click Submit to launch the process. You can track the status of the procedure execution by selecting Deployments->Deployment Procedures->Procedure Completion Status in the EMGC Console.As you can see in the picture below, the procedure consists of the many steps, and I'm going to share my experience about the issues that I had at some of the steps. Please keep in mind that you can always continue the execution from the last successfully completed step by clicking Retry button.Check OUI Prerequisites  step may fail if the target host does  not pass prerequisites checks for Weblogic Server installation such as amount of RAM, linux packages installed, etc. Create FMW Clone Archive step may fail if you do not have enough free space in the working directory on the administration server host.Transfer cloning archive to targets  step  may fail if the EMGC agents on the admin server host or on target host are not secured.   You should secure the agent by issuing ./emctl secure agent  command from $AGENT_HOME/bin directory and entering the agent registration password.Both Transfer cloning archive to targets and Apply Clone at target hosts steps may fail if you do not have enough free space in the working directory on the target host. The most complicated issue I had on the Run Inventory Collection  step. The step failed and I noticed that the agent on the target server is also failed with the following error in the $AGENT_HOME/sysman/log/emagent.trc  log file:2010-12-28 11:50:34,310 Thread-2838952848 ERROR upload: Failed to upload file A0000008.xml: Fatal Error.Response received: 500|ORA-20603: The timezone of the multiagent target (/Farm_Localhost_MedRec_medrec_oradb/medrec_oradb,weblogic_domain)is not consistent with the timezone (America/Los_Angeles) reported by other agents.2010-12-28 11:50:34,310 Thread-2838952848 ERROR upload: 1 Failure(s) in a row or XML error for A0000008.xml, retcode = -6, we give up2010-12-28 11:50:35,552 Thread-2838952848 WARN  upload: FxferSend: received fatal error in header from repository: https://oel46-vmware:1159/em/uploadFATAL_ERROR::500|ORA-20603: The timezone of the multiagent target (/Farm_Localhost_MedRec_medrec_oradb/medrec_oradb,weblogic_domain)is not consistent with the timezone (America/Los_Angeles) reported by other agents.2010-12-28 11:50:35,552 Thread-2838952848 ERROR upload: number of fatal error exceeds the limit 32010-12-28 11:50:35,552 Thread-2838952848 ERROR upload: agent will shutdown now2010-12-28 11:50:35,552 Thread-2838952848 ERROR : Signalled to Exit with status 55. Too many fatal upload failures2010-12-28 11:50:35,552 Thread-2838952848 ERROR upload: 1 Failure(s) in a row or XML error for A0000008.xml, retcode = -6, we give up2010-12-28 11:50:35,552 Thread-3044607680 ERROR main: EMAgent abnormal terminatingI checked the timezone of my domain target inside EMGC repositoryselect timezone_regionfrom mgmt_targets where target_type = 'weblogic_domain'  and display_name = 'medrec_oradb'"TIMEZONE_REGION""America/Los_Angeles"Then checked the timezone of my agents and indeed, they differedselect target_name, timezone_region from mgmt_targets where type_display_name = 'Agent'"TARGET_NAME"    "TIMEZONE_REGION""oel46-vmware:3872"    "America/Los_Angeles""wls1032.imc.fors.ru:3872"    "America/New_York"So I had to change the timezone on the wls1032 host and propagate this changes to the agent and to the EMGC repository. Here was the steps:issued system-config-date command on wls1032.imc.fors.ru  and set timezone to "America/Los_Angeles"propagated the changes to the agent bu executing ./emctl resetTZ agent  command from $AGENT_HOME/bin directoryconnected to EMGC repository as sysman and executed the following PL/SQL block:   begin      mgmt_target.set_agent_tzrgn('wls1032.imc.fors.ru:3872','America/Los_Angeles');      commit;   end;After that I had to clear the pending uploads on wls1032.imc.fors.ru:  rm -r $AGENT_HOME/sysman/emd/state/*  rm -r $AGENT_HOME/sysman/emd/collection/*  rm -r $AGENT_HOME/sysman/emd/upload/*  rm $AGENT_HOME/sysman/emd/lastupld.xml  rm $AGENT_HOME/sysman/emd/agntstmp.txt  $AGENT_HOME/bin/emctl start agent  $AGENT_HOME/bin/emctl clearstate agentThe last part of this solution was to resync the agent in EMGC console by clicking Agent Resynchronization button (please leave "Unblock agent on successful completion of agent resynchronization" checkbox checked in the next screen).After that I issued ./emctl upload command from $AGENT_HOME/bin on the wls1032 host,  and my previous error disappeared,  but I catched another one: EMD upload error: Failed to upload file A0000004.xml: HTTP error.Response received: ERROR-400|Data will be rejected for upload from agent 'https://wls1032.imc.fors.ru:3872/emd/main/', max size limit for direct load exceeded [7544731/5242880]So the uploading XML file size was 7 Mb, and the limit on OMS was 5 Mb.  To increase the max file size limit to 20 Mb I had to connect to the OMS host and execute the following commands from $OMS_HOME/bin directory: ./emctl set property -name em.loader.maxDirectLoadFileSz -value 20971520 -module emoms ./emctl stop oms ./emctl start omsAfter that I issued ./emctl upload command from $AGENT_HOME/bin on the wls1032 one more time and it completed successfully.   The agent uploaded the configuration information to the EMGC  repository and I was able to see the results of my weblogic domain scale-up in EMGC Console.DeploymentsSo, now the weblogic cluster contains 2 managed servers located on the different hosts. This powerful feature of the Enterprise Manager Grid Control  is a part of  the WebLogic Server Management Pack Enterprise Edition.

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• How to make Connect Communications VPN connection in 10.10?

  - by Bilal Mohammad Qazi

  these steps were send by my iSP admin for ver10.10 and i'm using 11.10... step 1 sucessfully implemented till point 7 after that the problems are marked after '//' Step 2 i cannot completely do the step 2 How to make Connect Communications VPN connection in Ubuntu 10.10. 1st Step:- 1- Go to System > Administration > Synaptic Package Manage 2- Search for “PPTP”, check “network-manager-PPTP” and click “Apply” 3- Click on the Network Manager tray icon with your right mouse button and choose “Edit Connections…”. 4- Go to the “VPN” tab and click “Add”. 5- Choose “Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)” as the VPN Connection Type 6- Check the VPN Connection Type and click “Create”. 7- Give your VPN connection a name and assign all the necessary information • Gateway = blue.connect.net.pk if you got Blue Package or • Gateway = green.connect.net.pk if you got Green Package or • Gateway = blueplus.connect.net.pk if you got BluePlus Package or • Gateway = red.connect.net.pk if you got Red Package • User name = Connect Communications Userid • Password = Connect Communications Password 8- Now Click on “Advanced” Authentication • Unchecked “PAP" // cannot uncheck • Unchecked “MSCHAP" // cannot uncheck • Unchecked “CHAP" • Checked only “MSCHAPv2" EAP shown in ver11.10 and cannot be unchecked Security And Compression. • Unchecked “Use Point-to-Point encryption (MPPE)”. • Unchecked “Allow statefull encryption”. • Unchecked “Allow BSD data Compression”. • Unchecked “Allow Deflate data Compression”. • Unchecked “Use TCP Header Compression”. • Unchecked “Send PPP echo Packets” Then Press “OK” then “Apply”. 9-Now you are able to connect to the specified VPN connection via the Networking Manager Then you can connect to VPN in the menu bar and your Internet icon will have a lock when the connection is successful. 2nd Step:- Open Terminal window. First, you open a terminal (Applications > Accessories > Terminal): Run command “sudo” Now gave root Password. Then run command “netstat -r -n” It will show some lines and for example from the last line pick the IP from 2nd column like 10.111.0.1 0.0.0.0 10.111.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 Now run the fallowing command. echo “route add -net 10.101.8.0 netmask 255.255.252.0 gw 10.152.24.1” > /etc/rc.local note :- 10.111.0.1 is an example IP now run “ sh /etc/rc.local “

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• How do I install MATLAB R2012a?

  - by Mehdi

  I have downloaded MATLAB R2012a for Unix platform and i want to install it on my ubuntu 11.10. To install i try this command: /<matlab_installation_file_directory>/install and it says: install: missing file operand According to it's manual i must give it an input file, So i create an input file like this to install in 'Stand Alone' mode: destinationFolder=usr/local/R2012a fileInstallationKey=xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx-xxxxx agreeToLicense=yes outputFile=/tmp/mathworks_usr.log mode=interactive activationPropertiesFile=home/.../lic_standalone.dat Acctually i'm not sure in "activationPropertiesFile" field what file is required, so i supposed it requires license file. I saved this file as txt format in the same directory which installation files are. Then i tried this command: install -inputFile my_input_file.txt and it gets this error: install: invalid option -- 'i' I know there is some helps in other websites and also some questions here about this topic, but i can't figure out what's the problem, Please help me, i'm a real noob on linux . Thank you guys

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• Hosting a website on Heroku.... I know how to, but im running into problems!

  - by Thomas Miller

  I'm starting to learn more on the back-end scale of programing. Recently I started up Heroku for the second or third time. This time I actually installed the Git update to my Mac and installed Heroku in the terminal. I wanted to upload a static html site with the Sinatra gem. Everything worked out fine inside the terminal, though I added Sinatra after I got everything working and the file with the site hooked up to Heroku. In my logs I did see that I was missing the Sinatra gem, so I installed it. My site contains both the proper app.rb and config.ru files. I have nothing showing up online. Just a blank screen! Contacting Heroku on this problem has been very difficult. I get a response every day, and on every day I respond with a question to the answer that didn't help me at all. 2011-05-18T00:25:20+00:00 app[web.1]: 71.198.0.51 - - [17/May/2011 17:25:20] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0008 2011-05-18T00:25:20+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=313 2011-05-18T00:25:26+00:00 app[web.1]: 71.198.0.51 - - [17/May/2011 17:25:26] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0008 2011-05-18T00:25:26+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=5ms bytes=313 2011-05-17T18:25:51-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Idling 2011-05-17T18:26:01-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to down 2011-05-18T01:26:01+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Stopping process with SIGTERM 2011-05-18T01:26:01+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Stopping ... 2011-05-18T01:26:02+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited 2011-05-17T20:12:46-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Unidling 2011-05-17T20:12:47-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from created to starting 2011-05-18T03:12:48+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command: `thin -p 40055 -e production -R /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru start` 2011-05-18T03:12:49+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Thin web server (v1.2.6 codename Crazy Delicious) 2011-05-18T03:12:49+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Maximum connections set to 1024 2011-05-18T03:12:49+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Listening on 0.0.0.0:40055, CTRL+C to stop 2011-05-18T03:12:50+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/ dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=9954ms service=6ms bytes=565 2011-05-18T03:12:50+00:00 app[web.1]: 70.91.206.114 - - [17/May/2011 20:12:50] "GET /style.css HTTP/1.1" 200 - 0.0012 2011-05-18T03:12:50+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/style.css dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=269 2011-05-17T20:12:50-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up 2011-05-18T03:12:51+00:00 app[web.1]: 70.91.206.114 - - [17/May/2011 20:12:51] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0008 2011-05-18T03:12:51+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=4ms bytes=313 2011-05-18T03:13:05+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/ dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=5ms bytes=565 2011-05-18T03:13:05+00:00 app[web.1]: 70.91.206.114 - - [17/May/2011 20:13:05] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 293 0.0011 2011-05-18T03:13:05+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=313 2011-05-18T03:13:05+00:00 app[web.1]: 70.91.206.114 - - [17/May/2011 20:13:05] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0007 2011-05-18T03:57:05+00:00 app[web.1]: 172.18.33.56, 58.96.134.66 - - [17/May/2011 20:57:05] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 293 0.0007 2011-05-18T03:57:05+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/ dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=4ms bytes=565 2011-05-18T03:57:05+00:00 app[web.1]: 172.18.33.56, 58.96.134.66 - - [17/May/2011 20:57:05] "GET /style.css HTTP/1.1" 200 - 0.0007 2011-05-18T03:57:05+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/style.css dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=269 2011-05-18T03:57:08+00:00 app[web.1]: 172.18.33.56, 58.96.134.66 - - [17/May/2011 20:57:08] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0008 2011-05-17T21:58:27-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Idling 2011-05-18T04:58:30+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Stopping process with SIGTERM 2011-05-18T04:58:30+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Stopping ... 2011-05-18T04:58:30+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited 2011-05-17T21:58:33-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to down 2011-05-17T23:11:58-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Unidling 2011-05-17T23:11:58-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from created to starting 2011-05-18T06:12:00+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command: `thin -p 40091 -e production -R /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru start` 2011-05-18T06:12:01+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Thin web server (v1.2.6 codename Crazy Delicious) 2011-05-18T06:12:01+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Maximum connections set to 1024 2011-05-18T06:12:01+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Listening on 0.0.0.0:40091, CTRL+C to stop 2011-05-18T06:12:01+00:00 app[web.1]: 183.97.156.226 - - [17/May/2011 23:12:01] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 293 0.0017 2011-05-18T06:12:02+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/ dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=3209ms service=5ms bytes=565 2011-05-18T06:12:03+00:00 app[web.1]: 183.97.156.226 - - [17/May/2011 23:12:03] "GET /style.css HTTP/1.1" 200 - 0.0019 2011-05-17T23:12:08-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up 2011-05-18T00:13:13-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Idling 2011-05-18T00:13:16-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to down 2011-05-18T07:13:16+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Stopping process with SIGTERM 2011-05-18T07:13:16+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Stopping ... 2011-05-18T07:13:17+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited 2011-05-18T01:54:21-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Unidling 2011-05-18T01:54:21-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from created to starting 2011-05-18T08:54:23+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command: `thin -p 59491 -e production -R /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru start` 2011-05-18T08:54:24+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Thin web server (v1.2.6 codename Crazy Delicious) 2011-05-18T08:54:24+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Maximum connections set to 1024 2011-05-18T08:54:24+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Listening on 0.0.0.0:59491, CTRL+C to stop 2011-05-18T01:54:28-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/ dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=6943ms service=6ms bytes=565 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 app[web.1]: 62.244.82.72 - - [18/May/2011 01:54:28] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 293 0.0018 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/style.css dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=269 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 app[web.1]: 62.244.82.72 - - [18/May/2011 01:54:28] "GET /style.css HTTP/1.1" 200 - 0.0014 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 app[web.1]: 62.244.82.72 - - [18/May/2011 01:54:28] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0008 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=1ms bytes=313 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=4ms bytes=313 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 app[web.1]: 62.244.82.72 - - [18/May/2011 01:54:28] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0008 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 app[web.1]: 62.244.82.72 - - [18/May/2011 01:54:28] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0008 2011-05-18T08:54:28+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=1ms bytes=313 2011-05-18T02:55:23-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Idling 2011-05-18T02:55:33-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to down 2011-05-18T09:55:34+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Stopping process with SIGTERM 2011-05-18T09:55:34+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Stopping ... 2011-05-18T09:55:34+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited 2011-05-18T07:23:10-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from created to starting 2011-05-18T14:23:12+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command: `thin -p 20560 -e production -R /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru start` 2011-05-18T14:23:13+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Thin web server (v1.2.6 codename Crazy Delicious) 2011-05-18T14:23:13+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Maximum connections set to 1024 2011-05-18T14:23:13+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Listening on 0.0.0.0:20560, CTRL+C to stop 2011-05-18T07:23:13-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up 2011-05-18T14:23:14+00:00 app[web.1]: 12.183.19.10 - - [18/May/2011 07:23:14] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 293 0.0018 2011-05-18T14:23:14+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/ dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=7ms bytes=565 2011-05-18T14:23:14+00:00 app[web.1]: 12.183.19.10 - - [18/May/2011 07:23:14] "GET /style.css HTTP/1.1" 200 - 0.0015 2011-05-18T14:23:14+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/style.css dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=269 2011-05-18T14:23:14+00:00 app[web.1]: 12.183.19.10 - - [18/May/2011 07:23:14] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0009 2011-05-18T14:23:14+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=313 2011-05-18T08:24:03-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Idling 2011-05-18T08:24:07-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to down 2011-05-18T15:24:07+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Stopping process with SIGTERM 2011-05-18T15:24:07+00:00 app[web.1]: >> Stopping ... 2011-05-18T17:34:27-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Unidling 2011-05-18T17:34:28-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from created to starting 2011-05-19T00:34:29+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command: `thin -p 57621 -e production -R /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru start` 2011-05-18T17:34:31-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up 2011-05-19T00:34:32+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/ dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=5ms bytes=565 2011-05-19T00:34:32+00:00 app[web.1]: 97.83.58.74 - - [18/May/2011 17:34:32] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 293 0.0016 2011-05-19T00:34:32+00:00 app[web.1]: 97.83.58.74 - - [18/May/2011 17:34:32] "GET /style.css HTTP/1.1" 200 - 0.0011 2011-05-19T00:34:32+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/style.css dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=2ms bytes=269 2011-05-19T00:34:34+00:00 heroku[router]: GET pxlc.heroku.com/favicon.ico dyno=web.1 queue=0 wait=0ms service=4ms bytes=313 2011-05-19T00:34:34+00:00 app[web.1]: 97.83.58.74 - - [18/May/2011 17:34:34] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 18 0.0007 2011-05-18T18:35:48-07:00 heroku[web.1]: Idling 2011-05-18T18:35:51-07:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to down

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• Optimizing Solaris 11 SHA-1 on Intel Processors

  - by danx

  SHA-1 is a "hash" or "digest" operation that produces a 160 bit (20 byte) checksum value on arbitrary data, such as a file. It is intended to uniquely identify text and to verify it hasn't been modified. Max Locktyukhin and others at Intel have improved the performance of the SHA-1 digest algorithm using multiple techniques. This code has been incorporated into Solaris 11 and is available in the Solaris Crypto Framework via the libmd(3LIB), the industry-standard libpkcs11(3LIB) library, and Solaris kernel module sha1. The optimized code is used automatically on systems with a x86 CPU supporting SSSE3 (Intel Supplemental SSSE3). Intel microprocessor architectures that support SSSE3 include Nehalem, Westmere, Sandy Bridge microprocessor families. Further optimizations are available for microprocessors that support AVX (such as Sandy Bridge). Although SHA-1 is considered obsolete because of weaknesses found in the SHA-1 algorithm—NIST recommends using at least SHA-256, SHA-1 is still widely used and will be with us for awhile more. Collisions (the same SHA-1 result for two different inputs) can be found with moderate effort. SHA-1 is used heavily though in SSL/TLS, for example. And SHA-1 is stronger than the older MD5 digest algorithm, another digest option defined in SSL/TLS. Optimizations Review SHA-1 operates by reading an arbitrary amount of data. The data is read in 512 bit (64 byte) blocks (the last block is padded in a specific way to ensure it's a full 64 bytes). Each 64 byte block has 80 "rounds" of calculations (consisting of a mixture of "ROTATE-LEFT", "AND", and "XOR") applied to the block. Each round produces a 32-bit intermediate result, called W[i]. Here's what each round operates: The first 16 rounds, rounds 0 to 15, read the 512 bit block 32 bits at-a-time. These 32 bits is used as input to the round. The remaining rounds, rounds 16 to 79, use the results from the previous rounds as input. Specifically for round i it XORs the results of rounds i-3, i-8, i-14, and i-16 and rotates the result left 1 bit. The remaining calculations for the round is a series of AND, XOR, and ROTATE-LEFT operators on the 32-bit input and some constants. The 32-bit result is saved as W[i] for round i. The 32-bit result of the final round, W[79], is the SHA-1 checksum. Optimization: Vectorization The first 16 rounds can be vectorized (computed in parallel) because they don't depend on the output of a previous round. As for the remaining rounds, because of step 2 above, computing round i depends on the results of round i-3, W[i-3], one can vectorize 3 rounds at-a-time. Max Locktyukhin found through simple factoring, explained in detail in his article referenced below, that the dependencies of round i on the results of rounds i-3, i-8, i-14, and i-16 can be replaced instead with dependencies on the results of rounds i-6, i-16, i-28, and i-32. That is, instead of initializing intermediate result W[i] with: W[i] = (W[i-3] XOR W[i-8] XOR W[i-14] XOR W[i-16]) ROTATE-LEFT 1 Initialize W[i] as follows: W[i] = (W[i-6] XOR W[i-16] XOR W[i-28] XOR W[i-32]) ROTATE-LEFT 2 That means that 6 rounds could be vectorized at once, with no additional calculations, instead of just 3! This optimization is independent of Intel or any other microprocessor architecture, although the microprocessor has to support vectorization to use it, and exploits one of the weaknesses of SHA-1. Optimization: SSSE3 Intel SSSE3 makes use of 16 %xmm registers, each 128 bits wide. The 4 32-bit inputs to a round, W[i-6], W[i-16], W[i-28], W[i-32], all fit in one %xmm register. The following code snippet, from Max Locktyukhin's article, converted to ATT assembly syntax, computes 4 rounds in parallel with just a dozen or so SSSE3 instructions: movdqa W_minus_04, W_TMP pxor W_minus_28, W // W equals W[i-32:i-29] before XOR // W = W[i-32:i-29] ^ W[i-28:i-25] palignr $8, W_minus_08, W_TMP // W_TMP = W[i-6:i-3], combined from // W[i-4:i-1] and W[i-8:i-5] vectors pxor W_minus_16, W // W = (W[i-32:i-29] ^ W[i-28:i-25]) ^ W[i-16:i-13] pxor W_TMP, W // W = (W[i-32:i-29] ^ W[i-28:i-25] ^ W[i-16:i-13]) ^ W[i-6:i-3]) movdqa W, W_TMP // 4 dwords in W are rotated left by 2 psrld $30, W // rotate left by 2 W = (W >> 30) | (W << 2) pslld $2, W_TMP por W, W_TMP movdqa W_TMP, W // four new W values W[i:i+3] are now calculated paddd (K_XMM), W_TMP // adding 4 current round's values of K movdqa W_TMP, (WK(i)) // storing for downstream GPR instructions to read A window of the 32 previous results, W[i-1] to W[i-32] is saved in memory on the stack. This is best illustrated with a chart. Without vectorization, computing the rounds is like this (each "R" represents 1 round of SHA-1 computation): RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR With vectorization, 4 rounds can be computed in parallel: RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR Optimization: AVX The new "Sandy Bridge" microprocessor architecture, which supports AVX, allows another interesting optimization. SSSE3 instructions have two operands, a input and an output. AVX allows three operands, two inputs and an output. In many cases two SSSE3 instructions can be combined into one AVX instruction. The difference is best illustrated with an example. Consider these two instructions from the snippet above: pxor W_minus_16, W // W = (W[i-32:i-29] ^ W[i-28:i-25]) ^ W[i-16:i-13] pxor W_TMP, W // W = (W[i-32:i-29] ^ W[i-28:i-25] ^ W[i-16:i-13]) ^ W[i-6:i-3]) With AVX they can be combined in one instruction: vpxor W_minus_16, W, W_TMP // W = (W[i-32:i-29] ^ W[i-28:i-25] ^ W[i-16:i-13]) ^ W[i-6:i-3]) This optimization is also in Solaris, although Sandy Bridge-based systems aren't widely available yet. As an exercise for the reader, AVX also has 256-bit media registers, %ymm0 - %ymm15 (a superset of 128-bit %xmm0 - %xmm15). Can %ymm registers be used to parallelize the code even more? Optimization: Solaris-specific In addition to using the Intel code described above, I performed other minor optimizations to the Solaris SHA-1 code: Increased the digest(1) and mac(1) command's buffer size from 4K to 64K, as previously done for decrypt(1) and encrypt(1). This size is well suited for ZFS file systems, but helps for other file systems as well. Optimized encode functions, which byte swap the input and output data, to copy/byte-swap 4 or 8 bytes at-a-time instead of 1 byte-at-a-time. Enhanced the Solaris mdb(1) and kmdb(1) debuggers to display all 16 %xmm and %ymm registers (mdb "$x" command). Previously they only displayed the first 8 that are available in 32-bit mode. Can't optimize if you can't debug :-). Changed the SHA-1 code to allow processing in "chunks" greater than 2 Gigabytes (64-bits) Performance I measured performance on a Sun Ultra 27 (which has a Nehalem-class Xeon 5500 Intel W3570 microprocessor @3.2GHz). Turbo mode is disabled for consistent performance measurement. Graphs are better than words and numbers, so here they are: The first graph shows the Solaris digest(1) command before and after the optimizations discussed here, contained in libmd(3LIB). I ran the digest command on a half GByte file in swapfs (/tmp) and execution time decreased from 1.35 seconds to 0.98 seconds. The second graph shows the the results of an internal microbenchmark that uses the Solaris libpkcs11(3LIB) library. The operations are on a 128 byte buffer with 10,000 iterations. The results show operations increased from 320,000 to 416,000 operations per second. Finally the third graph shows the results of an internal kernel microbenchmark that uses the Solaris /kernel/crypto/amd64/sha1 module. The operations are on a 64Kbyte buffer with 100 iterations. third graph shows the results of an internal kernel microbenchmark that uses the Solaris /kernel/crypto/amd64/sha1 module. The operations are on a 64Kbyte buffer with 100 iterations. The results show for 1 kernel thread, operations increased from 410 to 600 MBytes/second. For 8 kernel threads, operations increase from 1540 to 1940 MBytes/second. Availability This code is in Solaris 11 FCS. It is available in the 64-bit libmd(3LIB) library for 64-bit programs and is in the Solaris kernel. You must be running hardware that supports Intel's SSSE3 instructions (for example, Intel Nehalem, Westmere, or Sandy Bridge microprocessor architectures). The easiest way to determine if SSSE3 is available is with the isainfo(1) command. For example, nehalem $ isainfo -v $ isainfo -v 64-bit amd64 applications sse4.2 sse4.1 ssse3 popcnt tscp ahf cx16 sse3 sse2 sse fxsr mmx cmov amd_sysc cx8 tsc fpu 32-bit i386 applications sse4.2 sse4.1 ssse3 popcnt tscp ahf cx16 sse3 sse2 sse fxsr mmx cmov sep cx8 tsc fpu If the output also shows "avx", the Solaris executes the even-more optimized 3-operand AVX instructions for SHA-1 mentioned above: sandybridge $ isainfo -v 64-bit amd64 applications avx xsave pclmulqdq aes sse4.2 sse4.1 ssse3 popcnt tscp ahf cx16 sse3 sse2 sse fxsr mmx cmov amd_sysc cx8 tsc fpu 32-bit i386 applications avx xsave pclmulqdq aes sse4.2 sse4.1 ssse3 popcnt tscp ahf cx16 sse3 sse2 sse fxsr mmx cmov sep cx8 tsc fpu No special configuration or setup is needed to take advantage of this code. Solaris libraries and kernel automatically determine if it's running on SSSE3 or AVX-capable machines and execute the correctly-tuned code for that microprocessor. Summary The Solaris 11 Crypto Framework, via the sha1 kernel module and libmd(3LIB) and libpkcs11(3LIB) libraries, incorporated a useful SHA-1 optimization from Intel for SSSE3-capable microprocessors. As with other Solaris optimizations, they come automatically "under the hood" with the current Solaris release. References "Improving the Performance of the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-1)" by Max Locktyukhin (Intel, March 2010). The source for these SHA-1 optimizations used in Solaris "SHA-1", Wikipedia Good overview of SHA-1 FIPS 180-1 SHA-1 standard (FIPS, 1995) NIST Comments on Cryptanalytic Attacks on SHA-1 (2005, revised 2006)

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• Doing Time Limited Flight Recordings Using Start Up Parameters

  - by Marcus Hirt

  Just like with the old JRockit Runtime Analyzer, it is possible to start up recordings using command line parameters to JRockit. The parameter is called -XX:StartFlightRecording in R28. Below is an example that starts a flight recording half a minute after the JVM has been started. The recording will last for a minute. The name when viewing the ongoing recordings will be MyRecording, and the resulting file will be written to C:\tmp\myrecording.jfr. The recording will use the settings in jre\lib\jfr\profile.jfs. -XX:StartFlightRecording=delay=30s,duration=60s,name=MyRecording,filename=C:\tmp\myrecording.jfr,settings=profile For more information, see the JRockit R28 command line parameter documentation.

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• MYSQL – Identifying Current Version of MySQL Server Installation – Part 2

  - by Pinal Dave

  Earlier I wrote an article about Detecting Current Version of MySQL Server Installation. After the post quite a few emails I received where various users suggested that there are many more ways to figure out the version of MySQL. Here are few of the methods which I received in the email. Method 1: This method retrieves value with the help of Information Functions. SELECT VERSION(); Method 2: This method is very similar to SQL Server. SELECT @@Version Method 3: You can connect to MySQL with command prompt and type following command: STATUS; Method 4: Please refer my earlier blog post. SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "%version%"; Let me know if you know any more method and I will extend this blog post. Reference : Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com)Filed under: MySQL, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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• How to install Eclipse in Ubuntu 12.04?

  - by Ant's

  I downloaded the Eclipse setup from their homepage. And I followed the instructions on this page. But I couldn't able to follow the last instruction, which ask me to do so : /opt/eclipse/eclipse -clean If do so, I get an error message like this : sudo: /opt/eclipse/eclipse: command not found But notably I can see the Eclipse Icon on my Dash Home (if I search for "Eclipse"). But clicking on that icon doesn't open the IDE. Where I'm making the mistake? And also running this command in terminal : eclipse throws this output: /usr/bin/eclipse: 5: /usr/bin/eclipse: /opt/eclipse/eclipse: Permission denied Thanks in advance.

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• How to copy a folder from /home/kevin to /opt

  - by lambda23

  I have a new computer installed with Ubuntu 12.04. Then I want to install wireless driver named compat-wireless-3.5-3. Before that, the driver folder to /home/kevin. I want to install it on /opt directory. Before install the driver, i want to copy the driver folder from /home/kevin to /opt. I try to use ordinary copy (Right Click Copy Paste), but the paste is blured. After that, i tried using this on terminal: sudo cp /home/kevin/compat-wireless-3.5-3 /opt But i get this command: cp: omitting directory `home/kevin/compat-wireless-3.5-3' What does the command mean? I can't copy the driver until now.

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• Solaris X86 64-bit Assembly Programming

  - by danx

  Solaris X86 64-bit Assembly Programming This is a simple example on writing, compiling, and debugging Solaris 64-bit x86 assembly language with a C program. This is also referred to as "AMD64" assembly. The term "AMD64" is used in an inclusive sense to refer to all X86 64-bit processors, whether AMD Opteron family or Intel 64 processor family. Both run Solaris x86. I'm keeping this example simple mainly to illustrate how everything comes together—compiler, assembler, linker, and debugger when using assembly language. The example I'm using here is a C program that calls an assembly language program passing a C string. The assembly language program takes the C string and calls printf() with it to print the string. AMD64 Register Usage But first let's review the use of AMD64 registers. AMD64 has several 64-bit registers, some special purpose (such as the stack pointer) and others general purpose. By convention, Solaris follows the AMD64 ABI in register usage, which is the same used by Linux, but different from Microsoft Windows in usage (such as which registers are used to pass parameters). This blog will only discuss conventions for Linux and Solaris. The following chart shows how AMD64 registers are used. The first six parameters to a function are passed through registers. If there's more than six parameters, parameter 7 and above are pushed on the stack before calling the function. The stack is also used to save temporary "stack" variables for use by a function. 64-bit Register Usage %rip Instruction Pointer points to the current instruction %rsp Stack Pointer %rbp Frame Pointer (saved stack pointer pointing to parameters on stack) %rdi Function Parameter 1 %rsi Function Parameter 2 %rdx Function Parameter 3 %rcx Function Parameter 4 %r8 Function Parameter 5 %r9 Function Parameter 6 %rax Function return value %r10, %r11 Temporary registers (need not be saved before used) %rbx, %r12, %r13, %r14, %r15 Temporary registers, but must be saved before use and restored before returning from the current function (usually with the push and pop instructions). 32-, 16-, and 8-bit registers To access the lower 32-, 16-, or 8-bits of a 64-bit register use the following: 64-bit register Least significant 32-bits Least significant 16-bits Least significant 8-bits %rax%eax%ax%al %rbx%ebx%bx%bl %rcx%ecx%cx%cl %rdx%edx%dx%dl %rsi%esi%si%sil %rdi%edi%di%axl %rbp%ebp%bp%bp %rsp%esp%sp%spl %r9%r9d%r9w%r9b %r10%r10d%r10w%r10b %r11%r11d%r11w%r11b %r12%r12d%r12w%r12b %r13%r13d%r13w%r13b %r14%r14d%r14w%r14b %r15%r15d%r15w%r15b %r16%r16d%r16w%r16b There's other registers present, such as the 64-bit %mm registers, 128-bit %xmm registers, 256-bit %ymm registers, and 512-bit %zmm registers. Except for %mm registers, these registers may not present on older AMD64 processors. Assembly Source The following is the source for a C program, helloas1.c, that calls an assembly function, hello_asm(). $ cat helloas1.c extern void hello_asm(char *s); int main(void) { hello_asm("Hello, World!"); } The assembly function called above, hello_asm(), is defined below. $ cat helloas2.s /* * helloas2.s * To build: * cc -m64 -o helloas2-cpp.s -D_ASM -E helloas2.s * cc -m64 -c -o helloas2.o helloas2-cpp.s */ #if defined(lint) || defined(__lint) /* ARGSUSED */ void hello_asm(char *s) { } #else /* lint */ #include <sys/asm_linkage.h> .extern printf ENTRY_NP(hello_asm) // Setup printf parameters on stack mov %rdi, %rsi // P2 (%rsi) is string variable lea .printf_string, %rdi // P1 (%rdi) is printf format string call printf ret SET_SIZE(hello_asm) // Read-only data .text .align 16 .type .printf_string, @object .printf_string: .ascii "The string is: %s.\n\0" #endif /* lint || __lint */ In the assembly source above, the C skeleton code under "#if defined(lint)" is optionally used for lint to check the interfaces with your C program--very useful to catch nasty interface bugs. The "asm_linkage.h" file includes some handy macros useful for assembly, such as ENTRY_NP(), used to define a program entry point, and SET_SIZE(), used to set the function size in the symbol table. The function hello_asm calls C function printf() by passing two parameters, Parameter 1 (P1) is a printf format string, and P2 is a string variable. The function begins by moving %rdi, which contains Parameter 1 (P1) passed hello_asm, to printf()'s P2, %rsi. Then it sets printf's P1, the format string, by loading the address the address of the format string in %rdi, P1. Finally it calls printf. After returning from printf, the hello_asm function returns itself. Larger, more complex assembly functions usually do more setup than the example above. If a function is returning a value, it would set %rax to the return value. Also, it's typical for a function to save the %rbp and %rsp registers of the calling function and to restore these registers before returning. %rsp contains the stack pointer and %rbp contains the frame pointer. Here is the typical function setup and return sequence for a function: ENTRY_NP(sample_assembly_function) push %rbp // save frame pointer on stack mov %rsp, %rbp // save stack pointer in frame pointer xor %rax, %r4ax // set function return value to 0. mov %rbp, %rsp // restore stack pointer pop %rbp // restore frame pointer ret // return to calling function SET_SIZE(sample_assembly_function) Compiling and Running Assembly Use the Solaris cc command to compile both C and assembly source, and to pre-process assembly source. You can also use GNU gcc instead of cc to compile, if you prefer. The "-m64" option tells the compiler to compile in 64-bit address mode (instead of 32-bit). $ cc -m64 -o helloas2-cpp.s -D_ASM -E helloas2.s $ cc -m64 -c -o helloas2.o helloas2-cpp.s $ cc -m64 -c helloas1.c $ cc -m64 -o hello-asm helloas1.o helloas2.o $ file hello-asm helloas1.o helloas2.o hello-asm: ELF 64-bit LSB executable AMD64 Version 1 [SSE FXSR FPU], dynamically linked, not stripped helloas1.o: ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable AMD64 Version 1 helloas2.o: ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable AMD64 Version 1 $ hello-asm The string is: Hello, World!. Debugging Assembly with MDB MDB is the Solaris system debugger. It can also be used to debug user programs, including assembly and C. The following example runs the above program, hello-asm, under control of the debugger. In the example below I load the program, set a breakpoint at the assembly function hello_asm, display the registers and the first parameter, step through the assembly function, and continue execution. $ mdb hello-asm # Start the debugger > hello_asm:b # Set a breakpoint > ::run # Run the program under the debugger mdb: stop at hello_asm mdb: target stopped at: hello_asm: movq %rdi,%rsi > $C # display function stack ffff80ffbffff6e0 hello_asm() ffff80ffbffff6f0 0x400adc() > $r # display registers %rax = 0x0000000000000000 %r8 = 0x0000000000000000 %rbx = 0xffff80ffbf7f8e70 %r9 = 0x0000000000000000 %rcx = 0x0000000000000000 %r10 = 0x0000000000000000 %rdx = 0xffff80ffbffff718 %r11 = 0xffff80ffbf537db8 %rsi = 0xffff80ffbffff708 %r12 = 0x0000000000000000 %rdi = 0x0000000000400cf8 %r13 = 0x0000000000000000 %r14 = 0x0000000000000000 %r15 = 0x0000000000000000 %cs = 0x0053 %fs = 0x0000 %gs = 0x0000 %ds = 0x0000 %es = 0x0000 %ss = 0x004b %rip = 0x0000000000400c70 hello_asm %rbp = 0xffff80ffbffff6e0 %rsp = 0xffff80ffbffff6c8 %rflags = 0x00000282 id=0 vip=0 vif=0 ac=0 vm=0 rf=0 nt=0 iopl=0x0 status=<of,df,IF,tf,SF,zf,af,pf,cf> %gsbase = 0x0000000000000000 %fsbase = 0xffff80ffbf782a40 %trapno = 0x3 %err = 0x0 > ::dis # disassemble the current instructions hello_asm: movq %rdi,%rsi hello_asm+3: leaq 0x400c90,%rdi hello_asm+0xb: call -0x220 <PLT:printf> hello_asm+0x10: ret 0x400c81: nop 0x400c85: nop 0x400c88: nop 0x400c8c: nop 0x400c90: pushq %rsp 0x400c91: pushq $0x74732065 0x400c96: jb +0x69 <0x400d01> > 0x0000000000400cf8/S # %rdi contains Parameter 1 0x400cf8: Hello, World! > [ # Step and execute 1 instruction mdb: target stopped at: hello_asm+3: leaq 0x400c90,%rdi > [ mdb: target stopped at: hello_asm+0xb: call -0x220 <PLT:printf> > [ The string is: Hello, World!. mdb: target stopped at: hello_asm+0x10: ret > [ mdb: target stopped at: main+0x19: movl $0x0,-0x4(%rbp) > :c # continue program execution mdb: target has terminated > $q # quit the MDB debugger $ In the example above, at the start of function hello_asm(), I display the stack contents with "$C", display the registers contents with "$r", then disassemble the current function with "::dis". The first function parameter, which is a C string, is passed by reference with the string address in %rdi (see the register usage chart above). The address is 0x400cf8, so I print the value of the string with the "/S" MDB command: "0x0000000000400cf8/S". I can also print the contents at an address in several other formats. Here's a few popular formats. For more, see the mdb(1) man page for details. address/S C string address/C ASCII character (1 byte) address/E unsigned decimal (8 bytes) address/U unsigned decimal (4 bytes) address/D signed decimal (4 bytes) address/J hexadecimal (8 bytes) address/X hexadecimal (4 bytes) address/B hexadecimal (1 bytes) address/K pointer in hexadecimal (4 or 8 bytes) address/I disassembled instruction Finally, I step through each machine instruction with the "[" command, which steps over functions. If I wanted to enter a function, I would use the "]" command. Then I continue program execution with ":c", which continues until the program terminates. MDB Basic Cheat Sheet Here's a brief cheat sheet of some of the more common MDB commands useful for assembly debugging. There's an entire set of macros and more powerful commands, especially some for debugging the Solaris kernel, but that's beyond the scope of this example. $C Display function stack with pointers $c Display function stack $e Display external function names $v Display non-zero variables and registers $r Display registers ::fpregs Display floating point (or "media" registers). Includes %st, %xmm, and %ymm registers. ::status Display program status ::run Run the program (followed by optional command line parameters) $q Quit the debugger address:b Set a breakpoint address:d Delete a breakpoint $b Display breakpoints :c Continue program execution after a breakpoint [ Step 1 instruction, but step over function calls ] Step 1 instruction address::dis Disassemble instructions at an address ::events Display events Further Information "Assembly Language Techniques for Oracle Solaris on x86 Platforms" by Paul Lowik (2004). Good tutorial on Solaris x86 optimization with assembly. The Solaris Operating System on x86 Platforms An excellent, detailed tutorial on X86 architecture, with Solaris specifics. By an ex-Sun employee, Frank Hofmann (2005). "AMD64 ABI Features", Solaris 64-bit Developer's Guide contains rules on data types and register usage for Intel 64/AMD64-class processors. (available at docs.oracle.com) Solaris X86 Assembly Language Reference Manual (available at docs.oracle.com) SPARC Assembly Language Reference Manual (available at docs.oracle.com) System V Application Binary Interface (2003) defines the AMD64 ABI for UNIX-class operating systems, including Solaris, Linux, and BSD. Google for it—the original website is gone. cc(1), gcc(1), and mdb(1) man pages.

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