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• Need help with a method to randomly lay mines in a minesweeper game

  - by avatarX

  So my Java minesweeper game is represented as a int[][] where -1 represents a mine. When I initialize my game I need to randomly place x amount of mines. What is an elegant way of doing this? I was thinking of using an ArrayList with the coordinates of each cell, randomly selecting it, changing the state of the int[][] and then removing that Point. This would ensure that no point is selected twice. Is there a more elegant way of doing this?

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• Render graphics using Doubles in Graphics2D

  - by thedeadlybutter

  Currently, I have a JFrame for my game to render in, and I'm using Graphics2D for drawing (The games graphics are fairly simple 2D sprites). However, my delta variable is a double, and all of the Graphics 2D methods (And Grpahics) use int. I tried to type cast the delta to an int, but it just rounds down to 0. So my question is, how can I render graphics using Graphics2D in Java with coordinates that are doubles. Can I convert it to work with Graphics2D if there is no built in way? Or, is there a graphics library that can support doubles for coordinates?

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• If there's no problem treating a statement as an expression, why was there a distinction in the first place in some programming languages?

  - by cdmckay

  Why do we have the distinction between statements and expressions in most programming languages? For example, in Java, assuming f and g return ints, this still won't compile because it's a statement and statements don't return values. // won't compile int i = if (pred) { f(x); } else { g(x); } but in Scala, it's very happy with treating if as an expression. // compiles fine val i: Int = if (pred) f(x) else g(x) So if there's no problem treating an if statement as an expression, why was there a distinction in the first place?

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• Am I violating LSP if the condition can be checked?

  - by William

  This base class for some shapes I have in my game looks like this. Some of the shapes can be resized, some of them can not. private Shape shape; public virtual void SetSizeOfShape(int x, int y) { if (CanResize()){ shape.Width = x; shape.Height = y; } else { throw new Exception("You cannot resize this shape"); } } public virtual bool CanResize() { return true; } In a sub class of a shape that I don't ever want to resize I am overriding the CanResize() method so a piece of client code can check before calling the SetSizeOfShape() method. public override bool CanResize() { return false; } Here's how it might look in my client code: public void DoSomething(Shape s) { if(s.CanResize()){ s.SetSizeOfShape(50, 70); } } Is this violating LSP?

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• Silverlight and WCF caching

  - by subodhnpushpak

  There are scenarios where Silverlight client calls WCF (or REST) service for data. Now, if the data is cached on the WCF layer, the calls can take considerable resources at the server if NOT cached. Keeping that in mind along with the fact that cache is an cross-cutting aspect, and therefore it should be as easy as possible to put Cache wherever required. The good thing about the solution is that it caches based on the inputs. The input can be basic type of any complex type. If input changes the data is fetched and then cached for further used. If same input is provided again, data id fetched from the cache. The cache logic itself is implemented as PostSharp aspect, and it is as easy as putting an attribute over service call to switch on cache. Notice how clean the code is:        [OperationContract]       [CacheOnArgs(typeof(int))] // based on actual value of cache        public string DoWork(int value)        {            return string.Format("You entered: {0} @ cached time {1}", value, System.DateTime.Now);        } The cache is implemented as POST Sharp as below 1: public override void OnInvocation(MethodInvocationEventArgs eventArgs) 2: { 3: try 4: { 5: object value = new object(); 6: object[] args = eventArgs.GetArgumentArray(); 7: if (args != null || args.Count() > 0) 8: { 9:   10: string key = string.Format("{0}_{1}", eventArgs.Method.Name, XMLUtility<object>.GetDataContractXml(args[0], null));// Compute the cache key (details omitted). 11:   12: 13: value = GetFromCache(key); 14: if (value == null) 15: { 16: eventArgs.Proceed(); 17: value = XMLUtility<object>.GetDataContractXml(eventArgs.ReturnValue, null); 18: value = eventArgs.ReturnValue; 19: AddToCache(key, value); 20: return; 21: } 22:   23:   24: Log(string.Format("Data returned from Cache {0}",value)); 25: eventArgs.ReturnValue = value; 26: } 27: } 28: catch (Exception ex) 29: { 30: //ApplicationLogger.LogException(ex.Message, Source.UtilityService); 31: } 32: } 33:   34: private object GetFromCache(string inputKey) { if (ServerConfig.CachingEnabled) { return WCFCache.Current[inputKey]; } return null; }private void AddToCache(string inputKey,object outputValue) 35: { 36: if (ServerConfig.CachingEnabled) 37: { 38: if (WCFCache.Current.CachedItemsNumber < ServerConfig.NumberOfCachedItems) 39: { 40: if (ServerConfig.SlidingExpirationTime <= 0 || ServerConfig.SlidingExpirationTime == int.MaxValue) 41: { 42: WCFCache.Current[inputKey] = outputValue; 43: } 44: else 45: { 46: WCFCache.Current.Insert(inputKey, outputValue, new TimeSpan(0, 0, ServerConfig.SlidingExpirationTime), true); 47:   48: // _bw.DoWork += bw_DoWork; 49: //string arg = string.Format("{0}|{1}", inputKey,outputValue); 50: //_bw.RunWorkerAsync(inputKey ); 51: } 52: } 53: } 54: }     The cache class can be extended to support Velocity / memcahe / Nache. the attribute can be used over REST services as well. Hope the above helps. Here is the code base for the same.   Please do provide your inputs / comments.

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• Practices for domain models in Javascript (with frameworks)

  - by AndyBursh

  This is a question I've to-and-fro'd with for a while, and searched for and found nothing on: what're the accepted practices surrounding duplicating domain models in Javascript for a web application, when using a framework like Backbone or Knockout? Given a web application of a non-trivial size with a set of domain models on the server side, should we duplicate these models in the web application (see the example at the bottom)? Or should we use the dynamic nature to load these models from the server? To my mind, the arguments for duplicating the models are in easing validation of fields, ensuring that fields that expected to be present are in fact present etc. My approach is to treat the client-side code like an almost separate application, doing trivial things itself and only relying on the server for data and complex operations (which require data the client-side doesn't have). I think treating the client-side code like this is akin to separation between entities from an ORM and the models used with the view in the UI layer: they may have the same fields and relate to the same domain concept, but they're distinct things. On the other hand, it seems to me that duplicating these models on the server side is a clear violation of DRY and likely to lead to differing results on the client- and server-side (where one piece gets updated but the other doesn't). To avoid this violation of DRY we can simply use Javascripts dynamism to get the field names and data from the server as and when they're neeed. So: are there any accepted guidelines around when (and when not) to repeat yourself in these situations? Or this a purely subjective thing, based on the project and developer(s)? Example Server-side model class M { int A DateTime B int C int D = (A*C) double SomeComplexCalculation = ServiceLayer.Call(); } Client-side model function M(){ this.A = ko.observable(); this.B = ko.observable(); this.C = ko.observable(); this.D = function() { return A() * C(); } this.SomeComplexCalculation = ko.observalbe(); return this; }l M.GetComplexValue = function(){ this.SomeComplexCalculation(Ajax.CallBackToServer()); }; I realise this question is quite similar to this one, but I think this is more about almost wholly untying the web application from the server, where that question is about doing this only in the case of complex calculation.

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• Entity Framework 5, separating business logic from model - Repository?

  - by bnice7

  I am working on my first public-facing web application and I’m using MVC 4 for the presentation layer and EF 5 for the DAL. The database structure is locked, and there are moderate differences between how the user inputs data and how the database itself gets populated. I have done a ton of reading on the repository pattern (which I have never used) but most of my research is pushing me away from using it since it supposedly creates an unnecessary level of abstraction for the latest versions of EF since repositories and unit-of-work are already built-in. My initial approach is to simply create a separate set of classes for my business objects in the BLL that can act as an intermediary between my Controllers and the DAL. Here’s an example class: public class MyBuilding { public int Id { get; private set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Notes { get; set; } private readonly Entities _context = new Entities(); // Is this thread safe? private static readonly int UserId = WebSecurity.GetCurrentUser().UserId; public IEnumerable<MyBuilding> GetList() { IEnumerable<MyBuilding> buildingList = from p in _context.BuildingInfo where p.Building.UserProfile.UserId == UserId select new MyBuilding {Id = p.BuildingId, Name = p.BuildingName, Notes = p.Building.Notes}; return buildingList; } public void Create() { var b = new Building {UserId = UserId, Notes = this.Notes}; _context.Building.Add(b); _context.SaveChanges(); // Set the building ID this.Id = b.BuildingId; // Seed 1-to-1 tables with reference the new building _context.BuildingInfo.Add(new BuildingInfo {Building = b}); _context.GeneralInfo.Add(new GeneralInfo {Building = b}); _context.LocationInfo.Add(new LocationInfo {Building = b}); _context.SaveChanges(); } public static MyBuilding Find(int id) { using (var context = new Entities()) // Is this OK to do in a static method? { var b = context.Building.FirstOrDefault(p => p.BuildingId == id && p.UserId == UserId); if (b == null) throw new Exception("Error: Building not found or user does not have access."); return new MyBuilding {Id = b.BuildingId, Name = b.BuildingInfo.BuildingName, Notes = b.Notes}; } } } My primary concern: Is the way I am instantiating my DbContext as a private property thread-safe, and is it safe to have a static method that instantiates a separate DbContext? Or am I approaching this all wrong? I am not opposed to learning up on the repository pattern if I am taking the total wrong approach here.

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• Context Menu for add and remove datalist column [migrated]

  - by Kadir Ozgur

  When I right click on Datalist Columns then a context menu appears whose items are add columns, remove column etc. When I removed a column and if I want to remove one more column then it shows me to remove previous column. Everytime, it shows me to remove the previous ones. if (mnu.Name.StartsWith("Rem")) { //getview(); //datalist.Items.Refresh(); //rows.Clear(); //datalist.ItemsSource = rows; int id = listwork.dispidx(util.valint(/*mnu.Name.Substring(3)*/util.valint(mnu.Tag)), ListWork.eArtIdx.dispord); int delid = listwork.delcol(id); GridViewColumnCollection gw = getview().Columns; if (delid >= 0 && delid < gw.Count) gw.RemoveAt(delid); listsortnr = 0; //weil wir ja Colonnen gelöschte haben showsortlist(listwork.querydef.Sortcol); //rows.Clear(); DoRefresh(); }

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• Checking timeouts made more readable

  - by Markus

  I have several situations where I need to control timeouts in a technical application. Either in a loop or as a simple check. Of course – handling this is really easy, but none of these is looking cute. To clarify, here is some C# (Pseudo) code: private DateTime girlWentIntoBathroom; girlWentIntoBathroom = DateTime.Now; do { // do something } while (girlWentIntoBathroom.AddSeconds(10) > DateTime.Now); or if (girlWentIntoBathroom.AddSeconds(10) > DateTime.Now) MessageBox.Show("Wait a little longer"); else MessageBox.Show("Knock louder"); Now I was inspired by something a saw in Ruby on StackOverflow: Now I’m wondering if this construct can be made more readable using extension methods. My goal is something that can be read like “If girlWentIntoBathroom is more than 10 seconds ago” 1st attempt if (girlWentIntoBathroom > (10).Seconds().Ago()) MessageBox.Show("Wait a little longer"); else MessageBox.Show("Knock louder"); So I wrote an extension for integer that converts the integer into a TimeSpan public static TimeSpan Seconds(this int amount) { return new TimeSpan(0, 0, amount); } After that, I wrote an extension for TimeSpan like this: public static DateTime Ago(this TimeSpan diff) { return DateTime.Now.Add(-diff); } This works fine so far, but has a great disadvantage. The logic is inverted! Since girlWentIntoBathroom is a timestamp in the past, the right side of the equation needs to count backwards: impossible. Just inverting the equation is no solution, because it will invert the read sentence as well. 2nd attempt So I tried something new: if (girlWentIntoBathroom.IsMoreThan(10).SecondsAgo()) MessageBox.Show("Knock louder"); else MessageBox.Show("Wait a little longer"); IsMoreThan() needs to transport the past timestamp as well as the span for the extension SecondsAgo(). It could be: public static DateWithIntegerSpan IsMoreThan(this DateTime baseTime, int span) { return new DateWithIntegerSpan() { Date = baseTime, Span = span }; } Where DateWithIntegerSpan is simply: public class DateWithIntegerSpan { public DateTime Date {get; set;} public int Span { get; set; } } And SecondsAgo() is public static bool SecondsAgo(this DateWithIntegerSpan dateAndSpan) { return dateAndSpan.Date.Add(new TimeSpan(0, 0, dateAndSpan.Span)) < DateTime.Now; } Using this approach, the English sentence matches the expected behavior. But the disadvantage is, that I need a helping class (DateWithIntegerSpan). Has anyone an idea to make checking timeouts look more cute and closer to a readable sentence? Am I a little too insane thinking about something minor like this?

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• Unable to list contents/remove directory (linux ext3)

  - by RedKrieg

  System is CentOS5 x86_64, completely up to date. I've got a folder that can't be listed (ls just hangs, eating memory until it is killed). The directory size is nearly 500k: root@server [/home/user/public_html/domain.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03]# stat . File: `.' Size: 458752 Blocks: 904 IO Block: 4096 directory Device: 812h/2066d Inode: 44499071 Links: 2 Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 3292/ user) Gid: ( 3287/ user) Access: 2012-06-29 17:31:47.000000000 -0400 Modify: 2012-10-23 14:41:58.000000000 -0400 Change: 2012-10-23 14:41:58.000000000 -0400 I can see the file names if I use ls -1f, but it just repeats the same 48 files ad infinitum, all of which have non-ascii characters somewhere in the file name: La-critic\363-al-servicio-la-privacidad-300x160.jpg When I try to access the files (say to copy them or remove them) I get messages like the following: lstat("/home/user/public_html/domain.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Sebast\355an-Pi\361era-el-balc\363n-150x120.jpg", 0x7fff364c52c0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) I tried altering the code found on this man page and modified the code to call unlink for each file. I get the same ENOENT error from the unlink call: unlink("/home/user/public_html/domain.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Marca-naci\363n-Madrid-150x120.jpg") = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) I also straced a "touch", grabbed the syscalls it makes and replicated them, then tried to unlink the resulting file by name. This works fine, but the folder still contains an entry by the same name after the operation completes and the program runs for an arbitrarily long time (strace output ended up at 20GB after 5 minutes and I stopped the process). I'm stumped on this one, I'd really prefer not to have to take this production machine (hundreds of customers) offline to fsck the filesystem, but I'm leaning toward that being the only option at this point. If anyone's had success using other methods for removing files (by inode number, I can get those with the getdents code) I'd love to hear them. (Yes, I've tried find . -inum <inode> -exec rm -fv {} \; and it still has the problem with unlink returning ENOENT) For those interested, here's the diff between that man page's code and mine. I didn't bother with error checking on mallocs, etc because I'm lazy and this is a one-off: root@server [~]# diff -u listdir-orig.c listdir.c --- listdir-orig.c 2012-10-23 15:10:02.000000000 -0400 +++ listdir.c 2012-10-23 14:59:47.000000000 -0400 @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/syscall.h> +#include <string.h> #define handle_error(msg) \ do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0) @@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ char d_name[]; }; -#define BUF_SIZE 1024 +#define BUF_SIZE 1024*1024*5 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { @@ -26,11 +27,16 @@ struct linux_dirent *d; int bpos; char d_type; + int deleted; + int file_descriptor; fd = open(argc > 1 ? argv[1] : ".", O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY); if (fd == -1) handle_error("open"); + char* full_path; + char* fd_path; + for ( ; ; ) { nread = syscall(SYS_getdents, fd, buf, BUF_SIZE); if (nread == -1) @@ -55,7 +61,24 @@ printf("%4d %10lld %s\n", d->d_reclen, (long long) d->d_off, (char *) d->d_name); bpos += d->d_reclen; + if ( d_type == DT_REG ) + { + full_path = malloc(strlen((char *) d->d_name) + strlen(argv[1]) + 2); //One for the /, one for the \0 + strcpy(full_path, argv[1]); + strcat(full_path, (char *) d->d_name); + + //We're going to try to "touch" the file. + //file_descriptor = open(full_path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK, 0666); + //fd_path = malloc(32); //Lazy, only really needs 16 + //sprintf(fd_path, "/proc/self/fd/%d", file_descriptor); + //utimes(fd_path, NULL); + //close(file_descriptor); + deleted = unlink(full_path); + if ( deleted == -1 ) printf("Error unlinking file\n"); + break; //Break on first try + } } + break; //Break on first try } exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

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• Encrypt images before uploading to Dropbox [migrated]

  - by Cherry

  I want to encrypt a file first before the file will be uploaded to the dropbox. So i have implement the encryption inside the uploading of the codes. However, there is an error after i integrate the codes together. Where did my mistake go wrong? Error at putFileOverwriteRequest and it says The method putFileOverwriteRequest(String, InputStream, long, ProgressListener) in the type DropboxAPI is not applicable for the arguments (String, FileOutputStream, long, new ProgressListener(){}) Another problem is that this FileOutputStream fis = new FileOutputStream(new File("dont know what to put in this field")); i do not know where to put the file so that after i read the file, it will call the path and then upload to the Dropbox. Anyone is kind to help me in this? As time is running out for me and i still cant solve the problem. Thank you in advance. The full code is as below. public class UploadPicture extends AsyncTask<Void, Long, Boolean> { private DropboxAPI<?> mApi; private String mPath; private File mFile; private long mFileLen; private UploadRequest mRequest; private Context mContext; private final ProgressDialog mDialog; private String mErrorMsg; public UploadPicture(Context context, DropboxAPI<?> api, String dropboxPath, File file) { // We set the context this way so we don't accidentally leak activities mContext = context.getApplicationContext(); mFileLen = file.length(); mApi = api; mPath = dropboxPath; mFile = file; mDialog = new ProgressDialog(context); mDialog.setMax(100); mDialog.setMessage("Uploading " + file.getName()); mDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL); mDialog.setProgress(0); mDialog.setButton("Cancel", new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { // This will cancel the putFile operation mRequest.abort(); } }); mDialog.show(); } @Override protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... params) { try { KeyGenerator keygen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES"); SecretKey key = keygen.generateKey(); //generate key //encrypt file here first byte[] plainData; byte[] encryptedData; Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding"); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key); //File f = new File(mFile); //read file FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(mFile); //obtains input bytes from a file plainData = new byte[(int)mFile.length()]; in.read(plainData); //Read bytes of data into an array of bytes encryptedData = cipher.doFinal(plainData); //encrypt data FileOutputStream fis = new FileOutputStream(new File("dont know what to put in this field")); //upload to a path first then call the path so that it can be uploaded up to the dropbox //save encrypted file to dropbox // By creating a request, we get a handle to the putFile operation, // so we can cancel it later if we want to //FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(mFile); String path = mPath + mFile.getName(); mRequest = mApi.putFileOverwriteRequest(path, fis, mFile.length(), new ProgressListener() { @Override public long progressInterval() { // Update the progress bar every half-second or so return 500; } @Override public void onProgress(long bytes, long total) { publishProgress(bytes); } }); if (mRequest != null) { mRequest.upload(); return true; } } catch (DropboxUnlinkedException e) { // This session wasn't authenticated properly or user unlinked mErrorMsg = "This app wasn't authenticated properly."; } catch (DropboxFileSizeException e) { // File size too big to upload via the API mErrorMsg = "This file is too big to upload"; } catch (DropboxPartialFileException e) { // We canceled the operation mErrorMsg = "Upload canceled"; } catch (DropboxServerException e) { // Server-side exception. These are examples of what could happen, // but we don't do anything special with them here. if (e.error == DropboxServerException._401_UNAUTHORIZED) { // Unauthorized, so we should unlink them. You may want to // automatically log the user out in this case. } else if (e.error == DropboxServerException._403_FORBIDDEN) { // Not allowed to access this } else if (e.error == DropboxServerException._404_NOT_FOUND) { // path not found (or if it was the thumbnail, can't be // thumbnailed) } else if (e.error == DropboxServerException._507_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE) { // user is over quota } else { // Something else } // This gets the Dropbox error, translated into the user's language mErrorMsg = e.body.userError; if (mErrorMsg == null) { mErrorMsg = e.body.error; } } catch (DropboxIOException e) { // Happens all the time, probably want to retry automatically. mErrorMsg = "Network error. Try again."; } catch (DropboxParseException e) { // Probably due to Dropbox server restarting, should retry mErrorMsg = "Dropbox error. Try again."; } catch (DropboxException e) { // Unknown error mErrorMsg = "Unknown error. Try again."; } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { } return false; } @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Long... progress) { int percent = (int)(100.0*(double)progress[0]/mFileLen + 0.5); mDialog.setProgress(percent); } @Override protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result) { mDialog.dismiss(); if (result) { showToast("Image successfully uploaded"); } else { showToast(mErrorMsg); } } private void showToast(String msg) { Toast error = Toast.makeText(mContext, msg, Toast.LENGTH_LONG); error.show(); } }

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• Getting data from csv file and returning objects in collections

  - by Jacob

  I have very simple class of person as below: public class Person { int ID; Gender gender; Date dateOfBirth; public Person(final int iD, final Gender gender,final Date dateOfBirth) { ID = iD; this.gender = gender; this.dateOfBirth = dateOfBirth; } } Gender is enum : public enum Gender { Male, Female } In CSV file i will have data, for example: 1;Male;23-02-2001 2;Female;11-06-1989 3;Male;02-12-1999 Is in java any simple way to get all persons from csv file and return it as ArrayList<Person> persons ?

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• Better way for calculating project euler's 2nd problem Fibonacci sequence)

  - by firephil

  object Problem_2 extends App { def fibLoop():Long = { var x = 1L var y = 2L var sum = 0L var swap = 0L while(x < 4000000) { if(x % 2 ==0) sum +=x swap = x x = y y = swap + x } sum } def fib:Int = { lazy val fs: Stream[Int] = 0 #:: 1 #:: fs.zip(fs.tail).map(p => p._1 + p._2) fs.view.takeWhile(_ <= 4000000).filter(_ % 2 == 0).sum } val t1 = System.nanoTime() val res = fibLoop val t2 = (System.nanoTime() - t1 )/1000 println(s"The result is: $res time taken $t2 ms ") } Is there a better functional way for calculating the fibonaci sequence and taking the sum of the the even values below 4million ? (projecteuler.net - problem 2) The imperative method is 1000x faster ?

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• while(true) and loop-breaking - anti-pattern?

  - by KeithS

  Consider the following code: public void doSomething(int input) { while(true) { TransformInSomeWay(input); if(ProcessingComplete(input)) break; DoSomethingElseTo(input); } } Assume that this process involves a finite but input-dependent number of steps; the loop is designed to terminate on its own as a result of the algorithm, and is not designed to run indefinitely (until cancelled by an outside event). Because the test to see if the loop should end is in the middle of a logical set of steps, the while loop itself currently doesn't check anything meaningful; the check is instead performed at the "proper" place within the conceptual algorithm. I was told that this is bad code, because it is more bug-prone due to the ending condition not being checked by the loop structure. It's more difficult to figure out how you'd exit the loop, and could invite bugs as the breaking condition might be bypassed or omitted accidentally given future changes. Now, the code could be structured as follows: public void doSomething(int input) { TransformInSomeWay(input); while(!ProcessingComplete(input)) { DoSomethingElseTo(input); TransformInSomeWay(input); } } However, this duplicates a call to a method in code, violating DRY; if TransformInSomeWay were later replaced with some other method, both calls would have to be found and changed (and the fact that there are two may be less obvious in a more complex piece of code). You could also write it like: public void doSomething(int input) { var complete = false; while(!complete) { TransformInSomeWay(input); complete = ProcessingComplete(input); if(!complete) { DoSomethingElseTo(input); } } } ... but you now have a variable whose only purpose is to shift the condition-checking to the loop structure, and also has to be checked multiple times to provide the same behavior as the original logic. For my part, I say that given the algorithm this code implements in the real world, the original code is the most readable. If you were going through it yourself, this is the way you'd think about it, and so it would be intuitive to people familiar with the algorithm. So, which is "better"? is it better to give the responsibility of condition checking to the while loop by structuring the logic around the loop? Or is it better to structure the logic in a "natural" way as indicated by requirements or a conceptual description of the algorithm, even though that may mean bypassing the loop's built-in capabilities?

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• Object Oriented Design of a Small Java Game

  - by user2733436

  This is the problem i am dealing with. I have to make a simple game of NIM. I am learning java using a book so far i have only coded programs that deal with 2 classes. This program would have about 4 classes i guess including the main class. My problem is i am having a difficult time designing classes how they will interact with each other. I really want to think and use a object oriented approach. So the first thing i did was design the Pile CLASS as it seemed the easiest and made the most sense to me in terms of what methods go in it. Here is what i have got down for the Pile Class so far. package Nim; import java.util.Random; public class Pile { private int initialSize; public Pile(){ } Random rand = new Random(); public void setPile(){ initialSize = (rand.nextInt(100-10)+10); } public void reducePile(int x){ initialSize = initialSize - x; } public int getPile(){ return initialSize; } public boolean hasStick(){ if(initialSize>0){ return true; } else { return false; } } } Now i need help in designing the Player Class. By that i mean i am not asking for anyone to write code for me as that defeats the purpose of learning i was just wondering how would i design the player class and what would go on it. My guess is that the player class would contain method for choosing move for computer and also receiving the move human user makes. Lastly i am guessing in the Game class i am guessing the turns would be handeled. I am really lost right now so i was wondering if someone can help me think through this problem it would be great. Starting with the player class would be appreciated. I know there are some solutions for this problem online but i refuse to look at because i want to develop my own approach to such problems and i am confident if i can get through this problem i can solve other problems. I apologize if this question is a bit poor but in specific i need help in designing the Player class.

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• Inventory Item Exist checker

  - by Annalyne

  I have a question regarding declaring my inventory. I made it a string named inventory, with a constant number as its max value. The thing is, I want the user to use an item if he / she gains an item. The problem is, I do not know what syntax should I use to determine if the user has an item and use that item. Here's my code I just started: so declaring the inventory: const int MAX_ITEMS = 15; string game_inventory [MAX_ITEMS]; int itemnum = 0; I have some items like potion, antidote, gems and others. I use the: game_inventory[itemnum++] = "Potion" to place items in my inventory. If I want to use the potion, IF I HAVE one, how can i make a function to check whether I have a potion or anything and use it?

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• Best Practice to return responses from service

  - by A9S6

  I am writing a SOAP based ASP.NET Web Service having a number of methods to deal with Client objects. e.g: int AddClient(Client c) = returns Client ID when successful List GetClients() Client GetClientInfo(int clientId) In the above methods, the return value/object for each method corresponds to the "all good" scenario i.e. A client Id will be returned if AddClient was successful or a List< of Client objects will be returned by GetClients. But what if an error occurs, how do I convey the error message to the caller? I was thinking of having a Response class: Response { StatusCode, StatusMessage, Details } where Details will hold the actual response but in that case the caller will have to cast the response every time. What are your views on the above? Is there a better solution? ---------- UPDATED ----------- Is there something new in WCF for the above? What difference will it make If I change the ASP.NET Web Service to a WCF Service?

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• Bitmap rotation jitter around pivot

  - by Manderin87

  I am working on a asteriods clone and I have the ship graphic loaded as a 96x96 bitmap. When the player rotates the ship I rotate the bitmap by degree (float). rotation function: if(m_Matrix == null) { m_Matrix = new Matrix(); } else { m_Matrix.reset(); } m_Matrix.setRotate(degree, m_BaseImage.getWidth() / 2, m_BaseImage.getHeight() / 2); m_RotatedImage = Bitmap.createBitmap(m_BaseImage, 0, 0, m_BaseImage.getWidth(), m_BaseImage.getHeight(), m_Matrix, true); draw function: m_Paint.setAntiAlias(true); m_Paint.setFilterBitmap(true); m_Paint.setDither(true); canvas.drawBitmap(m_RotatedImage, (int) posX - m_RotatedImage.getWidth() / 2, (int) posY - m_RotatedImage.getHeight() / 2, m_Paint); When the bitmap is drawn, the bitmap jitters slightly around the pivot. Can anyone fix or tell me why the bitmap is jittering around the pivot? It needs to be smooth.

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• How can I compute the Big-O notation for a given piece of code?

  - by TheNew Rob Mullins

  So I just took a data structure midterm today and I was asked to determine the run time, in Big O notation, of the following nested loop: for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < i; j++2) { //1 Statement } } I'm having trouble understanding the formula behind determining the run time. I thought that since the inner loop has 1 statement, and using the series equation of: (n * (n - 1)) / 2, I figured it to be: 1n * (n-1) / 2. Thus equaling (n^2 - 1) / 2. And so I generalized the runtime to be O(n^2 / 2). I'm not sure this is right though haha, was I supposed to divide my answer again by 2 since j is being upped in intervals of 2? Or is my answer completely off?

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• C# double &amp; nary for loops

  - by MarkPearl

  Something that I wasn’t aware was possible in C# was double for loops… they have the following format. for (int x = 0, y = 0; x < 10; x++, y=x*2) { Console.Write("{0} ", y); } Console.ReadLine(); This would give you the following output… 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 In fact you can use as many variables as you want, the following would also be valid… for (int x = 0, y = 0, z = 10; x < 10; x++, y=x*2) { Console.Write("{0} ", z); } Console.ReadLine();

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• Do you use i-->0 for backward loops?

  - by maaartinus

  Some people write for (int i=N; i-->0; ) doSomething(i); instead of for (int i=N-1; i>=0; --i) doSomething(i); for backward loops. The --> "operator"1 looks very confusing at the first glance, but it's trivial: i-->0 simply parses as (i--)>0, and once you get it, you see it immediately. The main disadvantage is the strange look. The advantage is that you'll get it always right (unlike the more verbose version offering the possibility to forget something, which really happened to me a couple of times). What do you think about using the --> "operator"? 1First time I saw the funny term in a comment to this question today.

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• (Android) How are OpenGL ES 1 framebuffers and textures sized?

  - by jens

  I am trying to draw to a texture using a framebuffer using OpenGL ES 1.1 on Android, Java. Afterwords I want to overlay this texture full-screen over my game. In theory, this works like a charm, but somehow the coordinates are off. For testing I drew something at (0,0) with width and height 200, and it partly is off-screen. This is how I create the framebuffer: fb = new int[1]; depthRb = new int[1]; renderTex = new int[1]; gl11ep.glGenFramebuffersOES(1, fb, 0); gl11ep.glGenRenderbuffersOES(1, depthRb, 0); // the depth buffer gl.glGenTextures(1, renderTex, 0);// generate texture gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderTex[0]); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL10.GL_REPEAT); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL10.GL_REPEAT); texBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(buf.length*4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).asIntBuffer(); gl.glTexImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL10.GL_LUMINANCE, texW, texH, 0, GL10.GL_LUMINANCE, GL10.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texBuffer); gl11ep.glBindRenderbufferOES(GL11ExtensionPack.GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, depthRb[0]); gl11ep.glRenderbufferStorageOES(GL11ExtensionPack.GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, GL11ExtensionPack.GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16, texW, texH); Before I draw, I do this: gl11ep.glBindFramebufferOES(GL11ExtensionPack.GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, fb[0]); gl.glClearColor(0f, 0f, 0f, 0f); // specify texture as color attachment gl11ep.glFramebufferTexture2DOES(GL11ExtensionPack.GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, GL11ExtensionPack.GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0_OES, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderTex[0], 0); // attach render buffer as depth buffer gl11ep.glFramebufferRenderbufferOES(GL11ExtensionPack.GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, GL11ExtensionPack.GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OES, GL11ExtensionPack.GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, depthRb[0]); I set texW = 1024 and texH = 512. When rendering this texture fullscreen, with a lightmask (size 200x200) placed at (0, 0) and (texW/2, texH/2). You can see that it seems like the coordinate system doesnt start at (0,0) as that light overlaps the screen and the images are not drawn as squares (my lightcone-texture is a circle, not an ellipse). So, how is the coordinate system of this offscreen-drawn texture defined? Thanks

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• C/C++ canonicaliser?

  - by A T

  Are there any C/C++ automated canonicallisers? - Something like astyle but which makes your code more concise, rather than formats it? For example, to go from: float foo() { float a; float b; a = 9455.34; b = 3543.8; return a*b; } int main(void) { float b; b = foo(); return 0; } To: float foo(); // Automated prototype creation int main(void) { float b = foo(); return 0; } float foo() { return 9455.34*3543.8; } (this is my coding style FYI: to reduce the lines-of-code without sacrificing readability)

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• Minecraft Coding Pack: Stair block texture

  - by JamerTheProgrammer

  I have MCP setup and working nicely. I would like to make another stair block. I have copied the wooden stair block file and then pasted it and renamed it BlahStairBlock. I'm trying to set a texture for the stair block but it wont work. public int getBlockTextureFromSide(int side) { if(i==side) { // Workshop top return 43; } return blockIndexInTexture; } This is what I'm using to set the texture.... It just isn't working. Any ideas of why?

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• Flowchart with subroutine

  - by Jordy

  I am not really sure how to correctly describe my question, so please forgive me if this is a duplicate. I am creating a flowchart for my program where I implement a method. Let's assume I call this method someMethod. The C code could look something like this: bool someMethod(int Foo, int Bar) { foo += 5; bar -= 5; return (foo == bar); } This means that my flowchart will have a subroutine block where I call this function. But how do I correctly show the reader which integers I pass? And when I create the flowchart of "someMethod", I face a similar problem: how do I correctly show the reader that Foo and Bar are passed parameters?

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