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• Prefer extension methods for encapsulation and reusability?

  - by tzaman

  edit4: wikified, since this seems to have morphed more into a discussion than a specific question. In C++ programming, it's generally considered good practice to "prefer non-member non-friend functions" instead of instance methods. This has been recommended by Scott Meyers in this classic Dr. Dobbs article, and repeated by Herb Sutter and Andrei Alexandrescu in C++ Coding Standards (item 44); the general argument being that if a function can do its job solely by relying on the public interface exposed by the class, it actually increases encapsulation to have it be external. While this confuses the "packaging" of the class to some extent, the benefits are generally considered worth it. Now, ever since I've started programming in C#, I've had a feeling that here is the ultimate expression of the concept that they're trying to achieve with "non-member, non-friend functions that are part of a class interface". C# adds two crucial components to the mix - the first being interfaces, and the second extension methods: Interfaces allow a class to formally specify their public contract, the methods and properties that they're exposing to the world. Any other class can choose to implement the same interface and fulfill that same contract. Extension methods can be defined on an interface, providing any functionality that can be implemented via the interface to all implementers automatically. And best of all, because of the "instance syntax" sugar and IDE support, they can be called the same way as any other instance method, eliminating the cognitive overhead! So you get the encapsulation benefits of "non-member, non-friend" functions with the convenience of members. Seems like the best of both worlds to me; the .NET library itself providing a shining example in LINQ. However, everywhere I look I see people warning against extension method overuse; even the MSDN page itself states: In general, we recommend that you implement extension methods sparingly and only when you have to. (edit: Even in the current .NET library, I can see places where it would've been useful to have extensions instead of instance methods - for example, all of the utility functions of List<T> (Sort, BinarySearch, FindIndex, etc.) would be incredibly useful if they were lifted up to IList<T> - getting free bonus functionality like that adds a lot more benefit to implementing the interface.) So what's the verdict? Are extension methods the acme of encapsulation and code reuse, or am I just deluding myself? (edit2: In response to Tomas - while C# did start out with Java's (overly, imo) OO mentality, it seems to be embracing more multi-paradigm programming with every new release; the main thrust of this question is whether using extension methods to drive a style change (towards more generic / functional C#) is useful or worthwhile..) edit3: overridable extension methods The only real problem identified so far with this approach, is that you can't specialize extension methods if you need to. I've been thinking about the issue, and I think I've come up with a solution. Suppose I have an interface MyInterface, which I want to extend - I define my extension methods in a MyExtension static class, and pair it with another interface, call it MyExtensionOverrider. MyExtension methods are defined according to this pattern: public static int MyMethod(this MyInterface obj, int arg, bool attemptCast=true) { if (attemptCast && obj is MyExtensionOverrider) { return ((MyExtensionOverrider)obj).MyMethod(arg); } // regular implementation here } The override interface mirrors all of the methods defined in MyExtension, except without the this or attemptCast parameters: public interface MyExtensionOverrider { int MyMethod(int arg); string MyOtherMethod(); } Now, any class can implement the interface and get the default extension functionality: public class MyClass : MyInterface { ... } Anyone that wants to override it with specific implementations can additionally implement the override interface: public class MySpecializedClass : MyInterface, MyExtensionOverrider { public int MyMethod(int arg) { //specialized implementation for one method } public string MyOtherMethod() { // fallback to default for others MyExtension.MyOtherMethod(this, attemptCast: false); } } And there we go: extension methods provided on an interface, with the option of complete extensibility if needed. Fully general too, the interface itself doesn't need to know about the extension / override, and multiple extension / override pairs can be implemented without interfering with each other. I can see three problems with this approach - It's a little bit fragile - the extension methods and override interface have to be kept synchronized manually. It's a little bit ugly - implementing the override interface involves boilerplate for every function you don't want to specialize. It's a little bit slow - there's an extra bool comparison and cast attempt added to the mainline of every method. Still, all those notwithstanding, I think this is the best we can get until there's language support for interface functions. Thoughts?

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• Unit testing several implementation of the same trait/interface

  - by paradigmatic

  I program mostly in scala and java, using scalatest in scala and junit for unit testing. I would like to apply the very same tests to several implementations of the same interface/trait. The idea is to verify that the interface contract is enforced and to check Liskov substitution principle. For instance, when testing implementations of lists, tests could include: An instance should be empty, if and only if and only if it has zero size. After calling clear, the size sould be zero. Adding an element in the middle of a list, will increment by one the index of rhs elements. etc. What are the best practices ?

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• Test Driven Development For Complex Methods involving external dependency

  - by bill_tx

  I am implementing a Service Contract for WCF Service. As per TDD I wrote a test case to just pass it using hardcoded values. After that I started to put real logic into my Service implementation. The actual logic relies on 3-4 external service and database. What should I do to my original test case that I wrote ? If i Keep it same in order to make test pass it will have to call several other external services. So I have question in general what should I do if I write a test case for a Business Facade first using TDD and later when I add real logic, if it involves external dependency.

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• Cocoa NSOutlineView bug - [NSCFTimer copyWithZone:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance

  - by Circle

  I'm using an NSOutlineView with the function - (BOOL)outlineView:(NSOutlineView *)outlineView isGroupItem:(id)item defined so it gives the group row GUI look. When I add a root item, it works fine. When I add an item to root's child array and expand it, it works fine. If I contract the item though, the following error is logged: [NSCFTimer copyWithZone:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance I also get an EXC_BAD_ACCESS error if the app window is deactivated by switching to another app. I used the debugger to try to find where I might have made an error in one of my functions, but the stack trace only shows functions I did not create (RunCurrentEventLoopInMode, CFRunLoopRunSpecific, handleWindowNeedsDisplay, etc.) Does anyone have any idea where my error(s) might be?

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• Specify IP address of WCF endpoint at runtime

  - by Mikey Cee

  I have a bunch of remote machines all running the same WCF service over HTTP. I have a central configuration utility that needs to decide at runtime which of these to connect to. I do not want to define all the endpoints in the configuration file because this is all database driven. I naively tried this: CustomerServiceClient GetClientForIPAddress(string ipAddress) { string address = String.Format("http://{0}/customerservice.svc", ipAddress); var client = new CustomerServiceClient("?", address); return client; } where CustomerServiceClient is my service reference proxy class, but (unsurprisingly) it gave me the following error: Could not find endpoint element with name '?' and contract 'SkyWalkerCustomerService.ICustomerService' in the ServiceModel client configuration section. This might be because no configuration file was found for your application, or because no endpoint element matching this name could be found in the client element. So how do I declare an endpoint at runtime and point my service reference to it? .NET 3.5

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• Consultant "branding" problem

  - by James Jones

  Where I work, we employ a consultant to do a considerable amount of work for us to hold us over until we can hire/train more staff. He has been working with us for quite a long time now, and he has always had this strange habit of leaving his initials on EVERYTHING he touches, as if its his sort of branding or advertising. And by everything, I mean: Database names Table names Variable names Web service names File names Server names etc... Is this a common practice among consultants? We politely asked if he could remove some of the branding, but he typically scoffs and quotes exorbitant time estimates to perform such 'silly' refactorings. I guess we could leave it alone, but it's really annoying to have to type out his name every time we reference something he made. Any recommendations on how to approach this problem? Edit: Our contract with him states that we "own" everything he makes for us.

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• Best practices: Sending email on behalf of users

  - by Ben Doom

  The company I work for provides testing services for the healthcare industry. As part of our services, we need to send email to our clients' employees. Typically, these are temp, part-time, or contract employees, and so have private email addresses (eg Hotmail, GMail, Yahoo!, etc). Up to now, we've been sending from an internal address, but this means that replies come back to us when employees aren't paying attention or don't know to send queries to our clients. I'd like to change this, so that the person who requests that the email is sent is the person that is replied to. We've used reply-to: in the past, but it seemed to cause additional mail to be trapped by spam filters. I've been reading about sender: and on-behalf-of: headers, and was wondering what the current best-practice was for sending email in a scenario where we need to send email such that the reply goes to a domain we don't control.

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• WCF Web Service chnage wsdl name and targetNamespace

  - by Graham

  All, I'm a little new to WCF over IIS but have done some ASMX web services before. My WCF service is up and running but the helper page generated by the web service for me has the default names, i.e. the page that says: You have created a service. To test this service, you will need to create a client and use it to call the service. You can do this using the svcutil.exe tool from the command line with the following syntax: svcutil.exe http://localhost:53456/ServicesHost.svc?wsdl In a standard ASMX site I would use method/class attributes to give the web service a name and a namespace. When I click on the link the WSDL has: <wsdl:definitions name="SearchServices" targetNamespace="http://tempuri.org/" i.e. not the WCF Service Contract Name and Namespace from my Interface. I assume the MEX is using some kind of default settings but I'd like to change them to be the correct names. How can I do this?

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• Haskell: type inference and function composition

  - by Pillsy

  This question was inspired by this answer to another question, indicating that you can remove every occurrence of an element from a list using a function defined as: removeall = filter . (/=) Working it out with pencil and paper from the types of filter, (/=) and (.), the function has a type of removeall :: (Eq a) => a -> [a] -> [a] which is exactly what you'd expect based on its contract. However, with GHCi 6.6, I get gchi> :t removeall removeall :: Integer -> [Integer] -> [Integer] unless I specify the type explicitly (in which case it works fine). Why is Haskell inferring such a specific type for the function?

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• How do I properly handle a faulted WCF connection?

  - by mafutrct

  In my client program, there is a WCF connection that is opened at startup and supposedly stays connected til shutdown. However, there is a chance that the server closes due to unforeseeable circumstances (imagine someone pulling the cable). Since the client uses a lot of contract methods in a lot of places, I don't want to add a try/catch on every method call. I've got 2 ideas for handling this issue: Create a method that takes a delegate and executes the delegate inside a try/catch and returns an Exception in case of a known exception, or null else. The caller has to deal with nun-null results. Listen to the Faulted event of the underlying CommunicationObject. But I don't see how I could handle the event except for displaying some error message and shutting down. Are there some best practices for faulted WCF connection that exist for app lifetime?

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• Setting WCF Endpoint address at runtime?

  - by james.ingham

  Hey, If I have the following: WSHttpBinding binding = new WSHttpBinding(); EndpointAddress endpoint = new EndpointAddress(new Uri("http://xxx:pppp/MyService")); MyServiceClient client = new MyServiceClient(binding, endpoint); How can I set the endpoint bindingConfiguration? If it helps my app.config is set to: <endpoint address="http://xxx:pppp/Design_Time_Addresses/WcfServiceLibrary/ManagementService/" binding="wsHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="WSHttpBinding_IManagementService" contract="ServiceReference.IManagementService"> <identity> <dns value="localhost" /> </identity> </endpoint> However I'm looking to let the user configure this before running the client. Thanks

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• WCF - Beginners question on Address (of ABC)

  - by Lijo

  Hi Team, I am new to WCF. Following is a question on WCF. Suppose, I have a service defined as follows. The host has two addresses. I usually click on the base address http://.... to generate proxy. When the proxy is generated, will it have address of http alone? How can I generate a proxy with net.tcp. Is there any article that explains the use of net.tcp with local host and ASP.NET? service name="XXX.RRR.Common.ServiceLayer.MySL" behaviorConfiguration="returnFaults" endpoint contract="XXX.RRR.Common.ServiceLayer.IMySL" binding="netTcpBinding" bindingConfiguration="MessagingBinding" behaviorConfiguration="LargeEndpointBehavior"/ host baseAddresses add baseAddress="net.tcp://localhost:86/XXX/RRR/ManagerService" add baseAddress="http://localhost:76/XXX/RRR/ManagerService" baseAddresses host /service Thanks Lijo

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• Localization as an afterthought-- screwed?

  - by David

  So I signed on with a startup web development company as a subcontractor. They are putting together a large, complex user/product management system for a company that needs to support multiple levels of hierarchial localization. I signed a 3 month contract, and upon looking at their code, wish I hadn't. They opted to write their own MVC framework (I guess the client company didn't want to use a prewritten one) and it's extremely poorly written. There's SQL scattered throughout almost every model view and controller (and there's no parameter-based find methods, it's all SQL) and they haven't even THOUGHT about localization yet-- something that will have an affect on nearly EVERY query. The due date is 4 months away, and I honestly think we'd make good progress by scrapping the whole thing and going with CakePHP. Have any of you been in a similar situation, and what did you do? PS: This is written in PHP/MySQL.

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• Web Service URL change is not recognized

  - by ila

  I deployed in a production environment a .net solution that consumes a web service added as "Service reference" in visual studio. Today the endpoint URL has changed, and I modified that URL in web.config. But when I run the solution I get the error: System.ServiceModel.FaultException: Server did not recognize the value of HTTP Header SOAPAction: http://93.62.150.200/LogEvent. Now that sound strange to me. As you can see, the IP is 93.62.... but the new value is different. The web.config entry (with the new value or the URL) is: <client> <endpoint address="http://213.92.50.215/sawfc/WS_SAWFC_Int.asmx" binding="basicHttpBinding" bindingConfiguration="wsSAWFCInterfaceSoap" contract="it.datasphere.ws.wsSAWFCInterfaceSoap" name="wsSAWFCInterfaceSoap" /> </client> I cannot reach the new web service from dev environment, so I cannot modify the Service reference there. Any idea? Thanks a lot!

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• Implementation question involving implementing an interface

  - by Vivin Paliath

  I'm writing a set of collection classes for different types of Trees. I'm doing this as a learning exercise and I'm also hoping it turns out to be something useful. I really want to do this the right way and so I've been reading Effective Java and I've also been looking at the way Joshua Bloch implemented the collection classes by looking at the source. I seem to have a fair idea of what is being done, but I still have a few things to sort out. I have a Node<T> interface and an AbstractNode<T> class that implements the Node interface. I then created a GenericNode<T> (a node that can have 0 to n children, and that is part of an n-ary tree) class that extends AbstractNode<T> and implements Node<T>. This part was easy. Next, I created a Tree<T> interface and an AbstractTree<T> class that implements the Tree<T> interface. After that, I started writing a GenericTree<T> class that extends AbstractTree<T> and implements Tree<T>. This is where I started having problems. As far as the design is concerned, a GenericTree<T> can only consist of nodes of type GenericTreeNode<T>. This includes the root. In my Tree<T> interface I have: public interface Tree<T> { void setRoot(Node<T> root); Node<T> getRoot(); List<Node<T>> postOrder(); ... rest omitted ... } And, AbstractTree<T> implements this interface: public abstract class AbstractTree<T> implements Tree<T> { protected Node<T> root; protected AbstractTree() { } protected AbstractTree(Node<T> root) { this.root = root; } public void setRoot(Node<T> root) { this.root = root; } public Node<T> getRoot() { return this.root; } ... rest omitted ... } In GenericTree<T>, I can have: public GenericTree(Node<T> root) { super(root); } But what this means is that you can create a generic tree using any subtype of Node<T>. You can also set the root of a tree to any subtype of Node<T>. I want to be able to restrict the type of the node to the type of the tree that it can represent. To fix this, I can do this: public GenericTree(GenericNode<T> root) { super(root); } However, setRoot still accepts a parameter of type Node<T>. Which means a user can still create a tree with the wrong type of root node. How do I enforce this constraint? The only way I can think of doing is either: Do an instanceof which limits the check to runtime. I'm not a huge fan of this. Remove setRoot from the interface and have the base class implement this method. This means that it is not part of the contract and anyone who wants to make a new type of tree needs to remember to implement this method. Is there a better way? The second question I have concerns the return type of postOrder which is List<Node<T>>. This means that if a user is operating on a GenericTree<T> object and calls postOrder, he or she receives a list that consists of Node<T> objects. This means when iterating through (using a foreach construct) they would have perform an explicit cast to GenericNode<T> if they want to use methods that are only defined in that class. I don't like having to place this burden on the user. What are my options in this case? I can only think of removing the method from the interface and have the subclass implement this method making sure that it returns a list of appropriate subtype of Node<T>. However, this once again removes it from the contract and it's anyone who wants to create a new type of tree has to remember to implement this method. Is there a better way?

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• Freelancer's problem and legal actions

  - by user198003

  Hi, Last year, I worked as a free lancer on one project. Unfortunately, person I worked for, decided that he is not happy about my work, and he decided to fired me. After 7 months, he called me, and ask to me return "his" money. In any other case, he will sue me. His version is that I have to give him 1500 euros, but my version is that he own me another 1500. I have no contract, only emails and Excel file with counted hours. What do I have to do? I don't want to give him back 1500, because it was my work, and his bad management. Also, I do not want my 1500, because I think it's not fair from my side. What should I do?

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• .Net SvcUtil: attributes must be optional

  - by Michel van Engelen

  Hi, I'm trying to generate C# code classes with SvcUtil.exe instead of Xsd.exe. The latter is giving me some problems. Command line: SvcUtil.exe myschema.xsd /dconly /ser:XmlSerializer Several SvcUtil problems are described and solved here: http://blog.shutupandcode.net/?p=761 One problem I can't solve is this one: Error: Type 'DatafieldDescription' in namespace '' cannot be imported. Attributes must be optional and from namespace 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Seri alization/'. Either change the schema so that the types can map to data contract types or use ImportXmlType or use a different serializer. ' I changed <xs:attribute name="Order" use="required"> to <xs:attribute name="Order" use="optional"> and <xs:attribute name="Order"> But the error remains. Is it possible to use attributes, or do I have to delete them all (in that case, this excercition is over)?

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• Jquery Accordion Close then Open

  - by Jon

  Hi Everyone, I've set up a number of accordions on a page using the jquery accordion plugin so I can implement expand all and collapse all functionality. Each ID element is it's own accordion and the code below works to close them all no matter which ones are already open: $("#contact, #address, #email, #sales, #equipment, #notes, #marketingdata") .accordion("activate", -1) ; My problem is with the expand all. When I have them all expand with this code: $("#contact, #address, #email, #sales, #equipment, #notes, #marketingdata") .accordion("activate", 0) ; Some will contract and some will expand based on whether or not they are previously open. My idea to correct this was to collapse them all and then expand them all when the expand all was clicked. This code however won't execute properly: $("#contact, #address, #email, #sales, #equipment, #notes, #marketingdata") .accordion("activate", -1) ; $("#contact, #address, #email, #sales, #equipment, #notes, #marketingdata") .accordion("activate", 0) ; It will only hit the second command and not close them all first. Any suggestions?

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• How to: WCF XML-RPC client?

  - by mr.b

  I have built my own little custom XML-RPC server, and since I'd like to keep things simple, on both server and client side, what I would like to accomplish is to create a simplest possible client (in C# preferably) using WCF. Let's say that Contract for service exposed via XML-RPC is as follows: [ServiceContract] public interface IContract { [OperationContract(Action="Ping")] string Ping(); // server returns back string "Pong" [OperationContract(Action="Echo")] string Echo(string message); // server echoes back whatever message is } So, there are two example methods, one without any arguments, and another with simple string argument, both returning strings (just for sake of example). Service is exposed via http. Aaand, what's next? :) P.S. I have tried googling around for samples and similar, but all that I could come up with are some blog-related samples that use existing (and very big/numerous) classes, which implement appropriate IContract (or IBlogger) interfaces, so that most of what I am interested is hidden below several layers of abstraction...

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• DynamicMethod NullReferenceException

  - by Jeff

  Can anyone tell me what's wrong with my IL code here? IL_0000: nop IL_0001: ldarg.1 IL_0002: isinst MyXmlWriter IL_0007: stloc.0 IL_0008: ldloc.0 IL_0009: ldarg.2 IL_000a: ldind.ref IL_000b: unbox.any TestEnum IL_0010: ldfld Int64 value__/FastSerializer.TestEnum IL_0015: callvirt Void WriteValue(Int64)/System.Xml.XmlWriter IL_001a: nop IL_001b: ret I'm going crazy here, since I've written a test app which does the same thing as above, but in C#, and in reflector the IL code from that looks just like my DynamicMethod's IL code above (except my test C# app uses a TestStruct with a public field instead of the private value field on the enum above, but I have skipVisibility set to true)... I get a NullReferenceException. My DynamicMethod's signature is: public delegate void DynamicWrite(IMyXmlWriter writer, ref object value, MyContract contract); And I'm definitely not passing in anything null. Thanks in advance!

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• Correct Response For Questions Regarding Lack Of College Degree

  - by rofly

  I've managed to land two programming jobs so far with a partial college degree. One was an internship/co-op type position that turned full-time, while the other is contract work I've received mainly via circumstance. I have an interview forthcoming (my roommate works at the company) and they have already asked him why I have not completed my degree. The real reason is purely financial, but I was going to ask the SO community if there was any way I could spin this disadvantage to make it look more favorable. So, Stack Overflow: How can I look less like a slacker given the circumstances?

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• What should I grab as a development platform, an iPod or an iPad?

  - by mmr

  Hey all, I've recently gotten into the world of contract programming, and two of my clients have indicated that they'd like to do something 'trendy', like ipod touch/iphone/ipad development. I have a mac laptop (first gen macbook pro) that I'll have to upgrade to snow leopard to do the development for any of them, from what I've read. So that's already a bit of a commitment, given all the stuff I have on that laptop I'll have to make sure is recoverable from backup. My budget is limited, but I think I need to learn this skill. Which device should I get to learn this kind of development, an iPod touch or an iPad? I don't have the money for an iPhone. I think that the iPhone/iPad SDK has an emulator mode, but I like to have the device I'm going to roll out on available to make sure that everything works as I'd expect, ie, what's easily readable on a laptop screen is still readable on the touch, etc.

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• xutility file???

  - by user574290

  Hi all. I'm trying to use c code with opencv in face detection and counting, but I cannot build the source. I am trying to compile my project and I am having a lot of problems with a line in the xutility file. the error message show that it error with xutility file. Please help me, how to solve this problem? this is my code // Include header files #include "stdafx.h" #include "cv.h" #include "highgui.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <assert.h> #include <math.h> #include <float.h> #include <limits.h> #include <time.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <vector> using namespace std; #ifdef _EiC #define WIN32 #endif int countfaces=0; int numFaces = 0; int k=0 ; int list=0; char filelist[512][512]; int timeCount = 0; static CvMemStorage* storage = 0; static CvHaarClassifierCascade* cascade = 0; void detect_and_draw( IplImage* image ); void WriteInDB(); int found_face(IplImage* img,CvPoint pt1,CvPoint pt2); int load_DB(char * filename); const char* cascade_name = "C:\\Program Files\\OpenCV\\OpenCV2.1\\data\\haarcascades\\haarcascade_frontalface_alt_tree.xml"; // BEGIN NEW CODE #define WRITEVIDEO char* outputVideo = "c:\\face_counting1_tracked.avi"; //int faceCount = 0; int posBuffer = 100; int persistDuration = 10; //faces can drop out for 10 frames int timestamp = 0; float sameFaceDistThreshold = 30; //pixel distance CvPoint facePositions[100]; int facePositionsTimestamp[100]; float distance( CvPoint a, CvPoint b ) { float dist = sqrt(float ( (a.x-b.x)*(a.x-b.x) + (a.y-b.y)*(a.y-b.y) ) ); return dist; } void expirePositions() { for (int i = 0; i < posBuffer; i++) { if (facePositionsTimestamp[i] <= (timestamp - persistDuration)) //if a tracked pos is older than three frames { facePositions[i] = cvPoint(999,999); } } } void updateCounter(CvPoint center) { bool newFace = true; for(int i = 0; i < posBuffer; i++) { if (distance(center, facePositions[i]) < sameFaceDistThreshold) { facePositions[i] = center; facePositionsTimestamp[i] = timestamp; newFace = false; break; } } if(newFace) { //push out oldest tracker for(int i = 1; i < posBuffer; i++) { facePositions[i] = facePositions[i - 1]; } //put new tracked position on top of stack facePositions[0] = center; facePositionsTimestamp[0] = timestamp; countfaces++; } } void drawCounter(IplImage* image) { // Create Font char buffer[5]; CvFont font; cvInitFont(&font, CV_FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, .5, .5, 0, 1); cvPutText(image, "Faces:", cvPoint(20, 20), &font, CV_RGB(0,255,0)); cvPutText(image, itoa(countfaces, buffer, 10), cvPoint(80, 20), &font, CV_RGB(0,255,0)); } #ifdef WRITEVIDEO CvVideoWriter* videoWriter = cvCreateVideoWriter(outputVideo, -1, 30, cvSize(240, 180)); #endif //END NEW CODE int main( int argc, char** argv ) { CvCapture* capture = 0; IplImage *frame, *frame_copy = 0; int optlen = strlen("--cascade="); const char* input_name; if( argc > 1 && strncmp( argv[1], "--cascade=", optlen ) == 0 ) { cascade_name = argv[1] + optlen; input_name = argc > 2 ? argv[2] : 0; } else { cascade_name = "C:\\Program Files\\OpenCV\\OpenCV2.1\\data\\haarcascades\\haarcascade_frontalface_alt_tree.xml"; input_name = argc > 1 ? argv[1] : 0; } cascade = (CvHaarClassifierCascade*)cvLoad( cascade_name, 0, 0, 0 ); if( !cascade ) { fprintf( stderr, "ERROR: Could not load classifier cascade\n" ); fprintf( stderr, "Usage: facedetect --cascade=\"<cascade_path>\" [filename|camera_index]\n" ); return -1; } storage = cvCreateMemStorage(0); //if( !input_name || (isdigit(input_name[0]) && input_name[1] == '\0') ) // capture = cvCaptureFromCAM( !input_name ? 0 : input_name[0] - '0' ); //else capture = cvCaptureFromAVI( "c:\\face_counting1.avi" ); cvNamedWindow( "result", 1 ); if( capture ) { for(;;) { if( !cvGrabFrame( capture )) break; frame = cvRetrieveFrame( capture ); if( !frame ) break; if( !frame_copy ) frame_copy = cvCreateImage( cvSize(frame->width,frame->height), IPL_DEPTH_8U, frame->nChannels ); if( frame->origin == IPL_ORIGIN_TL ) cvCopy( frame, frame_copy, 0 ); else cvFlip( frame, frame_copy, 0 ); detect_and_draw( frame_copy ); if( cvWaitKey( 30 ) >= 0 ) break; } cvReleaseImage( &frame_copy ); cvReleaseCapture( &capture ); } else { if( !input_name || (isdigit(input_name[0]) && input_name[1] == '\0')) cvNamedWindow( "result", 1 ); const char* filename = input_name ? input_name : (char*)"lena.jpg"; IplImage* image = cvLoadImage( filename, 1 ); if( image ) { detect_and_draw( image ); cvWaitKey(0); cvReleaseImage( &image ); } else { /* assume it is a text file containing the list of the image filenames to be processed - one per line */ FILE* f = fopen( filename, "rt" ); if( f ) { char buf[1000+1]; while( fgets( buf, 1000, f ) ) { int len = (int)strlen(buf); while( len > 0 && isspace(buf[len-1]) ) len--; buf[len] = '\0'; image = cvLoadImage( buf, 1 ); if( image ) { detect_and_draw( image ); cvWaitKey(0); cvReleaseImage( &image ); } } fclose(f); } } } cvDestroyWindow("result"); #ifdef WRITEVIDEO cvReleaseVideoWriter(&videoWriter); #endif return 0; } void detect_and_draw( IplImage* img ) { static CvScalar colors[] = { {{0,0,255}}, {{0,128,255}}, {{0,255,255}}, {{0,255,0}}, {{255,128,0}}, {{255,255,0}}, {{255,0,0}}, {{255,0,255}} }; double scale = 1.3; IplImage* gray = cvCreateImage( cvSize(img->width,img->height), 8, 1 ); IplImage* small_img = cvCreateImage( cvSize( cvRound (img->width/scale), cvRound (img->height/scale)), 8, 1 ); CvPoint pt1, pt2; int i; cvCvtColor( img, gray, CV_BGR2GRAY ); cvResize( gray, small_img, CV_INTER_LINEAR ); cvEqualizeHist( small_img, small_img ); cvClearMemStorage( storage ); if( cascade ) { double t = (double)cvGetTickCount(); CvSeq* faces = cvHaarDetectObjects( small_img, cascade, storage, 1.1, 2, 0/*CV_HAAR_DO_CANNY_PRUNING*/, cvSize(30, 30) ); t = (double)cvGetTickCount() - t; printf( "detection time = %gms\n", t/((double)cvGetTickFrequency()*1000.) ); if (faces) { //To save the detected faces into separate images, here's a quick and dirty code: char filename[6]; for( i = 0; i < (faces ? faces->total : 0); i++ ) { /* CvRect* r = (CvRect*)cvGetSeqElem( faces, i ); CvPoint center; int radius; center.x = cvRound((r->x + r->width*0.5)*scale); center.y = cvRound((r->y + r->height*0.5)*scale); radius = cvRound((r->width + r->height)*0.25*scale); cvCircle( img, center, radius, colors[i%8], 3, 8, 0 );*/ // Create a new rectangle for drawing the face CvRect* r = (CvRect*)cvGetSeqElem( faces, i ); // Find the dimensions of the face,and scale it if necessary pt1.x = r->x*scale; pt2.x = (r->x+r->width)*scale; pt1.y = r->y*scale; pt2.y = (r->y+r->height)*scale; // Draw the rectangle in the input image cvRectangle( img, pt1, pt2, CV_RGB(255,0,0), 3, 8, 0 ); CvPoint center; int radius; center.x = cvRound((r->x + r->width*0.5)*scale); center.y = cvRound((r->y + r->height*0.5)*scale); radius = cvRound((r->width + r->height)*0.25*scale); cvCircle( img, center, radius, CV_RGB(255,0,0), 3, 8, 0 ); //update counter updateCounter(center); int y=found_face(img,pt1,pt2); if(y==0) countfaces++; }//end for printf("Number of detected faces: %d\t",countfaces); }//end if //delete old track positions from facePositions array expirePositions(); timestamp++; //draw counter drawCounter(img); #ifdef WRITEVIDEO cvWriteFrame(videoWriter, img); #endif cvShowImage( "result", img ); cvDestroyWindow("Result"); cvReleaseImage( &gray ); cvReleaseImage( &small_img ); }//end if } //end void int found_face(IplImage* img,CvPoint pt1,CvPoint pt2) { /*if (faces) {*/ CvSeq* faces = cvHaarDetectObjects( img, cascade, storage, 1.1, 2, CV_HAAR_DO_CANNY_PRUNING, cvSize(40, 40) ); int i=0; char filename[512]; for( i = 0; i < (faces ? faces->total : 0); i++ ) {//int scale = 1, i=0; //i=iface; //char filename[512]; /* extract the rectanlges only */ // CvRect face_rect = *(CvRect*)cvGetSeqElem( faces, i); CvRect face_rect = *(CvRect*)cvGetSeqElem( faces, i); //IplImage* gray_img = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1 ); IplImage* clone = cvCreateImage (cvSize(img->width, img->height), IPL_DEPTH_8U, img->nChannels ); IplImage* gray = cvCreateImage (cvSize(img->width, img->height), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1 ); cvCopy (img, clone, 0); cvNamedWindow ("ROI", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE); cvCvtColor( clone, gray, CV_RGB2GRAY ); face_rect.x = pt1.x; face_rect.y = pt1.y; face_rect.width = abs(pt1.x - pt2.x); face_rect.height = abs(pt1.y - pt2.y); cvSetImageROI ( gray, face_rect); //// * rectangle = cvGetImageROI ( clone ); face_rect = cvGetImageROI ( gray ); cvShowImage ("ROI", gray); k++; char *name=0; name=(char*) calloc(512, 1); sprintf(name, "Image%d.pgm", k); cvSaveImage(name, gray); //////////////// for(int j=0;j<512;j++) filelist[list][j]=name[j]; list++; WriteInDB(); //int found=SIFT("result.txt",name); cvResetImageROI( gray ); //return found; return 0; // }//end if }//end for }//end void void WriteInDB() { ofstream myfile; myfile.open ("result.txt"); for(int i=0;i<512;i++) { if(strcmp(filelist[i],"")!=0) myfile << filelist[i]<<"\n"; } myfile.close(); } Error 3 error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int Error 8 error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int Error 13 error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 766 Error 18 error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 768 Error 23 error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 769 Error 10 error C2868: 'std::iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type' : illegal syntax for using-declaration; expected qualified-name c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 765 Error 25 error C2868: 'std::iterator_traits<_Iter>::reference' : illegal syntax for using-declaration; expected qualified-name c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 769 Error 20 error C2868: 'std::iterator_traits<_Iter>::pointer' : illegal syntax for using-declaration; expected qualified-name c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 768 Error 5 error C2868: 'std::iterator_traits<_Iter>::iterator_category' : illegal syntax for using-declaration; expected qualified-name c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 764 Error 15 error C2868: 'std::iterator_traits<_Iter>::difference_type' : illegal syntax for using-declaration; expected qualified-name c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 766 Error 9 error C2602: 'std::iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type' is not a member of a base class of 'std::iterator_traits<_Iter>' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 765 Error 24 error C2602: 'std::iterator_traits<_Iter>::reference' is not a member of a base class of 'std::iterator_traits<_Iter>' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 769 Error 19 error C2602: 'std::iterator_traits<_Iter>::pointer' is not a member of a base class of 'std::iterator_traits<_Iter>' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 768 Error 4 error C2602: 'std::iterator_traits<_Iter>::iterator_category' is not a member of a base class of 'std::iterator_traits<_Iter>' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 764 Error 14 error C2602: 'std::iterator_traits<_Iter>::difference_type' is not a member of a base class of 'std::iterator_traits<_Iter>' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 766 Error 7 error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'value_type' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 765 Error 22 error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'reference' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 769 Error 17 error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'pointer' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 768 Error 2 error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'iterator_category' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 764 Error 12 error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'difference_type' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 766 Error 6 error C2039: 'value_type' : is not a member of 'CvPoint' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 765 Error 21 error C2039: 'reference' : is not a member of 'CvPoint' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 769 Error 16 error C2039: 'pointer' : is not a member of 'CvPoint' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 768 Error 1 error C2039: 'iterator_category' : is not a member of 'CvPoint' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 764 Error 11 error C2039: 'difference_type' : is not a member of 'CvPoint' c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 9.0\vc\include\xutility 766

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• Setting the initial value of a property when using DataContractSerializer

  - by Eric

  If I am serializing and later deserializing a class using DataContractSerializer how can I control the initial values of properties that were not serialized? Consider the Person class below. Its data contract is set to serialize the FirstName and LastName properties but not the IsNew property. I want IsNew to initialize to TRUE whether a new Person is being instantiate as a new instance or being deserialized from a file. This is easy to do through the constructor, but as I understand it DataContractSerializer does not call the constructor as they could require parameters. [DataContract(Name="Person")] public class Person { [DataMember(Name="FirstName")] public string FirstName { get; set; } [DataMember(Name = "LastName")] public string LastName { get; set; } public bool IsNew { get; set; } public Person(string first, string last) { this.FirstName = first; this.LastName = last; this.IsNew = true; } }

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• What adapter to use for ExpandableListView with non-TextView views?

  - by David

  I have an ExpandableListView in which I'd like to have controls other than TextView. Apparently, SimpleExandableListViewAdapter assumes all the controls are TextViews. A cast exception is generated if they are not. What is the recommended solution? Options I can think of include: - Use some other included adapter. But I can't tell if they all have the same assumption. - Create my own adapter. Is there a doc which describes the contract, ie the sequence of method calls an adapter will encounter? I expected the existing adapters to require the views to conform to some interface to allow any conforming view to be used, rather than hardcode to textview and limit where they can be used.

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