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• Python OOP - object has no attribute

  - by user1744269

  I am attempting to learn how to program. I really do want to learn how to program; I love the building and design aspect of it. However, in Java and Python, I have tried and failed with programs as they pertain to objects, classes, methods.. I am trying to develop some code for a program, but im stumped. I know this is a simple error. However I am lost! I am hoping someone can guide me to a working program, but also help me learn (criticism is not only expected, but APPRECIATED). class Converter: def cTOf(self, numFrom): numFrom = self.numFrom numTo = (self.numFrom * (9/5)) + 32 print (str(numTo) + ' degrees Farenheit') return numTo def fTOc(self, numFrom): numFrom = self.numFrom numTo = ((numFrom - 32) * (5/9)) return numTo convert = Converter() numFrom = (float(input('Enter a number to convert.. '))) unitFrom = input('What unit would you like to convert from.. ') unitTo = input('What unit would you like to convert to.. ') if unitFrom == ('celcius'): convert.cTOf(numFrom) print(numTo) input('Please hit enter..') if unitFrom == ('farenheit'): convert.fTOc(numFrom) print(numTo) input('Please hit enter..')

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• Why does my domain not show up in Google anymore?

  - by Earlz

  So I have had a website since about 2006. It's http://earlz.biz.tm . Recently I've noticed that no results will show up for it in google. I do have a secondary domain(that I plan on getting rid of) pointing to it but I don't understand why google would suddenly not show my site. I believe it was showing up a few months ago and my website is hardly ever down, like one or two days I believe has been the most it's been down in a row in this time period. Is there something wrong with my DNS or other configuration that would make google not index me? For reference I've tried: earlz.biz.tm site:earlz.biz.tm and the heading from my site "Earlz.biz.tm -- The reasoning is bacon" A few show up with the therusticstone.com domain(the one I plan to point somewhere else) but none show up directly linking to earlz.biz.tm.

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• What do I change in my domain name's DNS if I get a new Internet provider?

  - by johnny

  My company is about to get a new physical connection to the Internet, replacing the old provider. They, of course, are giving us the allotted IPs, Gateway, and DNS servers. My domain name is registered with a provider like Bluehost, GoDaddy, etc. When this new connection goes in, what do I change in the domain name providers DNS? I know to change what Host point to. That is my new IP address. But what about the name servers? I am confused because the company gave me IP addresses for the name servers, but at the provider is has a DNS server name like ns1.somedomain.com. Also, How do I update the Internet's DNS servers? Thanks.

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• Do subdomains need to be defined through domain registerar?

  - by Johnny

  I have bought a new domain name from GoDaddy. Let's say it is abcd.com. On GoDaddy's DNS Managing page, I changed A(Host) part to @ = 74.125.232.215 which is www.google.co.uk's IP address. Now if I type www.abcd.com, it directly goes to www.google.co.uk. But if I type http://test.abcd.com, it cannot be loaded. Do I need to define every subdomain through GoDaddy? Is this how it work? P.S. Amazon EC2 directly generates a subdomain for users to reach their virtual PCs. It cannot be domain registerar dependant. P.S.2. Same question for using "www2" at the start of url.

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• Is it better to load up a class with methods or extend member functionality in a local subclass?

  - by Calvin Fisher

  Which is better? Class #1: public class SearchClass { public SearchClass (string ProgramName) { /* Searches LocalFile objects, handles exceptions, and puts results into m_Results. */ } DateTime TimeExecuted; bool OperationSuccessful; protected List<LocalFile> m_Results; public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> Results { get { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile>(m_Results); } } #region Results Filters public DateTime OldestFileModified { get { /* Does what it says. */ } } public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ResultsWithoutProcessFiles() { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ((from x in m_Results where x.FileTypeID != FileTypeIDs.ProcessFile select x).ToList()); } #endregion } Or class #2: public class SearchClass { public SearchClass (string ProgramName) { /* Searches LocalFile objects, handles exceptions, and puts results into m_Results. */ } DateTime TimeExecuted; bool OperationSuccessful; protected List<LocalFile> m_Results; public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> Results { get { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile>(m_Results); } } public class SearchResults : ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> { public SearchResults(IList<LocalFile> iList) : base(iList) { } #region Results Filters public DateTime OldestFileModified { get { /* Does what it says. */ } } public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ResultsWithoutProcessFiles() { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ((from x in this where x.FileTypeID != FileTypeIDs.ProcessFile select x).ToList()); } #endregion } } ...with the implication that OperationSuccessful is accompanied by a number of more interesting properties on how the operation went, and OldestFileModified and ResultsWithoutProcessFiles() also have several more siblings in the Results Filters section.

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• Is there a language or design pattern that allows the *removal* of object behavior or properties in a class hierarchy?

  - by Sebastien Diot

  A well-know shortcoming of traditional class hierarchies is that they are bad when it comes to model the real world. As an example, trying to represent animals species with classes. There are actually several problems when doing that, but one that I never saw a solution to is when a sub-class "looses" a behavior or properties that was defined in a super-class, like a penguin not being able to fly (there are probably better examples, but that's the first one that comes to my mind, having seen "Madagascar 2" recently). On the one hand, you don't want to define for every property and behavior some flag that specifies if it is at all present, and check it every time before accessing that behavior or property. You would just like to say that birds can fly, simply and clearly, in the Bird class. But then it would be nice if one could define "exceptions" afterward, without having to use some horrible hacks everywhere. This often happens when a system has been productive for a while. You suddenly find an "exception" that doesn't fit in the original design at all, and you don't want to change a large portion of your code to accommodate it. So, is there some language or design patterns that can cleanly handle this problem, without requiring major changes to the "super-class", and all the code that uses it? Even if a solution only handle a specific case, several solutions might together form a complete strategy. [EDIT] Forgot about the Liskov Substitution Principle. That is why you can't do it. Assuming you define "traits/interfaces" for all major "feature groups", you can freely implement traits in different branches of the hierarchy, like the Flying trait could be implemented by Birds, and some special kind of squirrels and fish. So my question could amount to "How could I un-implement a trait?" If your super-class is a Java Serializable, you have to be one too, even if there is no way for you to serialize your state, for example if you contained a "Socket". So one way to do it is to always define all your traits in pair from the start: Flying and NotFlying (which would throw UnsupportedOperationExceiption, if not checked against). The Not-trait would not define any new interface, and could be simply checked for. Sounds like a "cheap" solution, in particular if used from the start.

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• SceneManagers as systems in entity system or as a core class used by a system?

  - by Hatoru Hansou

  It seems entity systems are really popular here. Links posted by other users convinced me of the power of such system and I decided to try it. (Well, that and my original code getting messy) In my project, I originally had a SceneManager class that maintained needed logic and structures to organize the scene (QuadTree, 2D game). Before rendering I call selectRect() and pass the x,y of the camera and the width and height of the screen and then obtain a minimized list containing only visible entities ordered from back to front. Now with Systems, originally in my first attempt my Render system required to get added all entities it should handle. This may sound like the correct approach but I realized this was not efficient. Trying to optimize It I reused the SceneManager class internally in the Renderer system, but then I realized I needed methods such as selectRect() in others systems too (AI principally) and make the SceneManager accessible globally again. Currently I converted SceneManager to a system, and ended up with the following interface (only relevant methods): /// Base system interface class System { public: virtual void tick (double delta_time) = 0; // (methods to add and remove entities) }; typedef std::vector<Entity*> EntitiesVector; /// Specialized system interface to allow query the scene class SceneManager: public System { public: virtual EntitiesVector& cull () = 0; /// Sets the entity to be used as the camera and replaces previous ones. virtual void setCamera (Entity* entity) = 0; }; class SceneRenderer // Not a system { vitual void render (EntitiesVector& entities) = 0; }; Also I could not guess how to convert renderers to systems. My game separates logic updates from screen updates, my main class have a tick() method and a render() method that may not be called the same times. In my first attempt renderers were systems but they was saved in a separated manager, updated only in render() and not in tick() like all other systems. I realized that was silly and simply created a SceneRenderer interface and give up about converting them to systems, but that may be for another question. Then... something does not feel right, isn't it? If I understood correctly a system should not depend on another or even count with another system exposing an specific interface. Each system should care only about its entities, or nodes (as optimization, so they have direct references to relevant components without having to constantly call the component() or getComponent() method of the entity).

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• LDoms and Maintenance Mode

  - by Owen Allen

   I got a few questions about how maintenance mode works with LDoms. "I have a Control Domain that I need to do maintenance on. What does being put in maintenance mode actually do for a Control Domain?" Maintenance mode is what you use when you're going to be shutting a system down, or otherwise tinkering with it, and you don't want Ops Center to generate incidents and notification of incidents. Maintenance mode stops new incidents from being generated, but it doesn't stop polling, or monitoring, the system and it doesn't prevent alerts. "What does maintenance mode do with the guests on a Control Domain?" If you have auto recovery set and the Control Domain is a member of a server pool of eligible systems, putting the Control Domain in maintenance mode automatically migrates guests to an available Control Domain.  When a Control Domain is in maintenance mode, it is not eligible to receive guests and the placement policies for guest creation and for automatic recovery won't select this server as a possible destination. If there isn't a server pool or there aren't any eligible systems in the pool, the guests are shut down. You can select a logical domain from the Assets section to view the Dashboard for the virtual machine and the Automatic Recovery status, either Enabled or Disabled. To change the status, click the action in the Actions pane. "If I have to do maintenance on a system and I do not want to initiate auto-recovery, what do I have to do so that I can manually bring down the Control Domain (and all its Guest domains)?" Use the Disable Automatic Recovery action. "If I put a Control Domain into maintenance mode, does that also put the OS into maintenance mode?" No, just the Control Domain server. You have to put the OS into maintenance mode separately. "Also, is there an easy way to see what assets are in maintenance mode? Can we put assets into, or take them out of, maintenance mode on some sort of group level?" You can create a user-defined group that will automatically include assets in maintenance mode. The docs here explain how to set up these groups. You'll use a group rule that looks like this:

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• what does composition example vs aggregation

  - by meWantToLearn

  Composition and aggregation both are confusion to me. Does my code sample below indicate composition or aggregation? class A { public static function getData($id) { //something } public static function checkUrl($url) { // something } class B { public function executePatch() { $data = A::getData(12); } public function readUrl() { $url = A::checkUrl('http/erere.com'); } public function storeData() { //something not related to class A at all } } } Is class B a composition of class A or is it aggregation of class A? Does composition purely mean that if class A gets deleted class B does not works at all and aggregation if class A gets deleted methods in class B that do not use class A will work?

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• How to import or "using" a custom class in Unity script?

  - by Bobbake4

  I have downloaded the JSONObject plugin for parsing JSON in Unity but when I use it in a script I get an error indicating JSONObject cannot be found. My question is how do I use a custom object class defined inside another class. I know I need a using directive to solve this but I am not sure of the path to these custom objects I have imported. They are in the root project folder inside JSONObject folder and class is called JSONObject. Thanks

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• How do I set up hosting a domain name at home with Apache?

  - by Andrew McIntyre

  I am relatively new to Ubuntu Linux and I am struggling to figure out the basic set-up of hosting a domain name at home with Apache2. I understand that you have to change your IP from dynamic to a static IP Address but I am not sure how you achieve that step. I am looking for some assistance on this on how to enable self signing certificates, make the domain name resolve on the Internet from hosting the website on the web server, enabling protected directories and the basic commands of accessing the directory where the website files can be uploaded and available on the World Wide Web.

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• Why use sealed instead of static on a class?

  - by sq33G

  Our system has several utility classes. Some people on our team use (A) a class with all-static methods and a private constructor. Others use (B) a class with all-static methods (these the juniors). On code analysis, (A) and (B) raise warning CA1052, which recommends marking the class as sealed. Included in the MSDN documentation there is the following advice: If you are targeting .NET Framework 2.0 or earlier, a better approach is to mark the type as static. Why does this make any sense? I would have thought the opposite; AFAIK, previous to 2.0 there was no way to mark a class as static.

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• What is the advantage to hosting static resources on a separate domain?

  - by Michael Ekstrand

  I notice a lot of sites host their resources on a separate domain from the main site, e.g. StackExchange using sstatic.net, Barnes & Noble using imagesbn.com, etc. I understand that there are benefits to putting your static resources on a separate host, possibly with an efficient static-file web server like nginx, freeing up the main server to focus on serving dynamic content. Similarly, outsourcing to a shared CDN like cloudfront Akamai is logical. What is the benefit to using a separate domain otherwise, though? Why sstatic.net instead of static.stackexchange.com? Update: Several answers miss the core question. I understand that there is benefit to splitting between multiple hosts — parallel downloads, slimmer web server, etc. But what is more elusive is why multiple domains. Why sstatic.net rather than static.stackexchange.com as the host for shared resources? So far, only one answer has addressed that.

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• Declaring interface in the same file as the base class, is it a good practice?

  - by Louis Rhys

  To be interchangable and testable, normally services with logic needs to have interface, e.g. public class FooService: IFooService { ... } Design-wise, I agree with this, but one of the things that bothers me with this approach is that for one service you will need to declare two things (the class and the interface), and in our team, normally two files (one for the class and one for the interface). Another discomfort is the difficulty in navigation because using "Go to definition" in IDE (VS2010) will point to the interface (since other classes refer to the interface), not the actual class. I was thinking that writing IFooService in the same file as FooService will reduce the above weirdness. After all, IFooService and FooService are very related. Is this a good practice? Is there a good reason that IFooService must be located in its own file?

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• Is there a class or id that will cause an ad to be blocked by most major adblockers?

  - by Moak

  Is there a general class or ID for a html element that a high majority of popular adblockers will block on a website it has no information for. My intention is to have my advertisement blocked, avoiding automatic blocking is easy enough... I was thinking of maybe lending some ids or classes from big advertisment companies that area already being fought off quite actively. right now my html <ul id=partners> <li class=advertisment><a href=# class=sponsor><img class=banner></a></li> </ul> Will this work or is there a more solid approach?

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• Loading another domain's content in a modal iframe - acceptable?

  - by user568458

  Is it okay to load another page in an iframe in a modal pop-up window - in terms of legal and ethical standards around displaying 3rd party content? I remember a few years ago there was controversy and a debate about whether it was okay to load another domain's page content on your domain in a full-width iframe, with your site providing a masthead with controls for favouriting, linking etc (e.g. like StumbleUpon). I seem to recall that the consensus was, that it was okay so long as you were clearly in no way claiming ownership of the 3rd party content or attempting to modify the content and so long as there was a 'go to site' button or equivalent; and that sites could ask you to exclude them, but generally speaking, it's an acceptable practice. How acceptable would it be considered to be to load another site's page within a modal (lightbox-like) popup box (following all the above principles: clear attribution and a prominent button that kills the iframe and gives them the 3rd party original)? My expectation would be that it would follow the same principles, and be acceptable so long as these conditions were met. Note that I'm asking about the likely legitimate responses of the 3rd party sites and possible legal position, not about usability or UX. I'm aware that this should never ever ever ever ever be the standard way external links are loaded, and that 99% of the time linking to external content like this would be terrible for usability. My specific use case is one of those 1% of cases where loading a separate page in this tab actually wouldn't be the expected behaviour of a link: an interactive data visualisation tool that also acts as a 'browser' of external content (science papers underlying the data it navigates). All other links within the interactive will change something while staying on the same page. If the user clicked one of these external links by mistake (as people often do, even when they are clearly, noisily labelled) and then had to back-button back, they would lose their fine-grained position in the interactive tool (jquery bbq hashchanges being not appropriate for all elements of the tool). New window/tab will simply open the target page on the 3rd party domain. Opening a new window/tab would also be an alternative option (and has its own disadvantages) - my question is, whether this is an alternative that could be considered (in terms of acceptable practice around intellectual property etc), irrespective of which option is best for UX: which is something we'll decide the proper way, based on actual UX testing.

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• Does having a Google "stop word" in a domain name have less SEO benefit than not having it?

  - by Dan

  Let me explain. Let's say my keyword I want to optimize is "green giraffes". But the domain greengiraffes.com (singular, plural, no hyphen, hyphen, etc.) is not available. I know that the search results for "green giraffes" and "about green giraffes" are essentially the same because "about" is a "stop word". Does that therefore also mean that the domain name "aboutgreengiraffes.com" is as good as "greengiraffes.com" in terms of SEO value? Are all stop words equal in that regard, or a shorter one (such as "e" or "z") is better?

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• Do subdomains need to be defined through domain registrar?

  - by Johnny

  I have bought a new domain name from GoDaddy. Let's say it is abcd.com. On GoDaddy's DNS Managing page, I changed A(Host) part to @ = 74.125.232.215 which is www.google.co.uk's IP address. Now if I type www.abcd.com, it directly goes to www.google.co.uk. But if I type http://test.abcd.com, it cannot be loaded. Do I need to define every subdomain through GoDaddy? Is this how it works? P.S. Amazon EC2 directly generates a subdomain for users to reach their virtual PCs. It cannot be domain registrar dependant. P.S.2. Same question for using "www2" at the start of url.

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• What is the disadvantage of using abstract class as a database connectivity in zend framework 2 instead of service locator

  - by arslaan ejaz

  If I use database by creating adapter with drivers, initialize it in some abstract class and extend that abstract class to required model. Then use simple query statement. Like this: namespace My-Model\Model\DB; abstract class MysqliDB { protected $adapter; public function __construct(){ $this->adapter = new \Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter(array( 'driver' => 'Mysqli', 'database' => 'my-database', 'username' => 'root', 'password' => '' )); } } And use abstract class of database like this in my models: class States extends DB\MysqliDB{ public function __construct(){ parent::__construct(); } protected $states = array(); public function select_all_states(){ $data = $this->adapter->query('select * from states'); foreach ($data->execute() as $row){ $this->states[] = $row; } return $this->states; } } I am new to zend framework, before i have experience of working in YII and Codeigniter. I like the object oriented in zend so i want to use it like this. And don't want to use it through service locater something like this: public function getServiceConfig(){ return array( 'factories' => array( 'addserver-mysqli' => new Model\MyAdapterFactory('addserver-mysqli'), 'loginDB' => function ($sm){ $adapter = $sm->get('addserver-mysqli'); return new LoginDB($adapter); } ) ); } In module. Am i Ok with this approach?

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• What is a good design model for my new class?

  - by user66662

  I am a beginning programmer who, after trying to manage over 2000 lines of procedural php code, now has discovered the value of OOP. I have read a few books to get me up to speed on the beginning theory, but would like some advice on practical application. So,for example, let's say there are two types of content objects - an ad and a calendar event. what my application does is scan different websites (a predefined list), and, when it finds an ad or an event, it extracts the data and saves it to a database. All of my objects will share a $title and $description. However, the Ad object will have a $price and the Event object will have $startDate. Should I have two separate classes, one for each object? Should I have a 'superclass' with the $title and $description with two other Ad and Event classes with their own properties? The latter is at least the direction I am on now. My second question about this design is how to handle the logic that extracts the data for $title, $description, $price, and $date. For each website in my predefined list, there is a specific regex that returns the desired value for each property. Currently, I have an extremely large switch statement in my constructor which determines what website I am own, sets the regex variables accordingly, and continues on. Not only that, but now I have to repeat the logic to determine what site I am on in the constructor of each class. This doesn't feel right. Should I create another class Algorithms and store the logic there for each site? Should the functions of to handle that logic be in this class? or specific to the classes whos properties they set? I want to take into account in my design two things: 1) I will add different content objects in the future that share $title and $description, but will have their own properties, so, I want to be able to easily grow these as needed. 2) I will add more websites constantly (each with their own algorithms for data extraction) so I would like to plan efficienty managing and working with these now. I thought about extending the Ad or Event class with 'websiteX' class and store its functions there. But, this didn't feel right either as now I have to manage 100s of little website specific class files. Note, I didn't know if this was the correct site or stackoverflow was the better choice. If so, let me know and I'll post there.

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• Using Mod_Rewrite To Block Referrer Based On Domain Extenstion?

  - by Matt

  I've been in web development for several years now (I'm a student web designer), and recently, I've begun to experiment with mod_rewrite for things like URL shortening. I was wondering, is it possible to block a referrer by domain extension, instead of just by full site, etc.? So, instead of RewriteEngine on # Options +FollowSymlinks RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} examplesite\.com [NC] RewriteRule .* - [F] could you do RewriteEngine on # Options +FollowSymlinks RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} \.com [NC] RewriteRule .* - [F] without the full domain name? Thanks. I'm fairly knowledgeable about other web dev / hosting topics, but mod_rewrite is new to me and Google wasn't helping.

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• How do I temporarily reference a new web host using my existing domain name?

  - by Alex Angas

  On provider A I have an existing web hosting account running my site. On provider B I have my domain name registered pointing to the web hosting on provider A. I've just purchased a web hosting account with provider B and want to move my site there. Is there a way to temporarily use my domain name to point to provider B while I set up the site (e.g. just from my computer)? I tried to change the HOSTS file (Windows) and while pings resolved to what I set, HTTP requests don't.

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• May I give a single class multiple responsibilities if only one will ever be reusable?

  - by lnluis

  To the extent that I understand the Single Responsibility Principle, a SINGLE class must only have one responsibility. We use this so that we can reuse other functionalities in other classes and not affect the whole class. My question is: what if the entity has only one purpose that really interacts with the system, and that purpose won't change? Do you have to separate the implementations of your methods into another class and just instantiate those from your entity class? Or to put it another way... Is it ok to break the SRP if you know those functions will not be reusable in the future? Or is it better to assume that we do not know if the functionalities of these methods will be reusable or not, and so just abstract them to other classes?

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• Can you disavow a whole domain apart from the index page?

  - by Silver89

  Many years ago I may have bought a few sitewide links for some of my sites, these have now come back to haunt me and I need to sort them out. I've tried to contact the owners but they're too lazy to bother changing the sites so I figure it's time to disavow the links. But is there a way to disavow all of the sitewide links on the domain apart from on the index page and would this be a benefit to leave the index or would it still be seen as spammy? Something like ... # Contacted owner of shadyseo.com on 7/1/2012 to # ask for link removal but got no response domain:shadyseo.com !shadyseo.com/index.php

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• should I create a new class for a specific piece of business logic?

  - by Riz

  I have a Request class based on the same Entity in my Domain. It currently only has property definitions. I'd like to add a method for checking a duplicate Request which I'll call from my controller. Should I add a method called CheckDuplicate in the Request class? Would I be violating the SRP? The method will need to access a database context to check already existing requests. I'm thinking creating another class altogether for this logic that accepts a datacontext as part of its constructor. But creating a whole new class for just one method seems like a waste too. Any advice?

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