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• how to master in Windows administration [closed]

  - by Mateusz

  what is, in your opinion, best way to become real Windows, advanced administrator? Of course it's possible to obtain MS Certificates, but they're rather very expensive. Almost two years of everyday working on Linux machine, teach me, that it's very important to read system logs. Anyway, I assume that it's enough - I think that you must be familiar with almost any hive in you registry and each trick in Windows CMD and VBS- although it's high time for PowerShell, still on many maschines, you have only an opprotunity of using CMD by default (and their owners are reluctant to install anything else). How I can accomplish this task? Which groups follows (superUser - it' obligatory), which articles read?

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• Windows 7 - All Icons Missing, Explorer Progress Bar Never Finishes, Libraries Gone

  - by Alex

  since yesterday i've had three issues which all arose at the same time. windows 7 x64, i7 2.8ghz 12gb ddr3 1 - my libraries, favorites, drives are missing...basically the entire sidebar is gone. http://i.imgur.com/m8pRQ.png. yet when i open a dialog, my libraries and drives are back to normal ONLY for the dialog. i tried Restore Default Libraries. it works one time, but when i open libraries again i go back to the empty mess. restarting the computer temporarily fixes the problem. 2 - in the explorer window that's showing libraries, when i navigate to a certain folder i get an unending progress bar (the kind that turns the address bar green). yesterday when the problem started, i was saving a file to this folder. the program writing the file crashed during the write and i believe that's what caused the problem. i have sugarsync backing up that folder and when i restarted the computer sugarsync informed me that its database was corrupted, so i had to uninstall and reinstall the software. 3 - icons are missing. the Rebuild Icon Cache did not fix this. http://i.imgur.com/r9pgo.png restarting the computer temporarily fixes these problems, but when i open the directory with the initial write problem, everything stops working. edit: i should note that i did a chkdsk /f and it repaired problems. i also did the thing that verifies then restores windows files (can't remember the command now), which reported that everything was normal.

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• Ok to edit task's xml file in c:\windows\system32\Tasks?

  - by Eyad

  I wrote a PowerShell script that check the executable in the < action tag for each task in the Task directory and mark the < enabled TRUEorFALSE< / enabled tag as false/true depending on the validity of the digital signature of the executable. After reading each task, the script re-saves the task file with the same name, type and location. Now my issue is that I get this message when I lunch task scheduler: “Task XYZ: The task image is corrupt or has been tampered with.” This message appears for all the tasks that were scanned and saved. Does editing task’s xml file directly corrupt the task? Is there any task decency that may cause this error(ex: registry value)?

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• How do I prevent a tar pipe from causing swapping?

  - by Jeff Shattock

  I have a rather large filesystem that I need to transfer from one Linux server to another. I figured the best way to do this was via a tar/netcat pipe arrangment, something like tar c . | pv | nc blah blah blah And it works great, the network stays fairly saturated, life is good. Until the source machine starts swapping. The files are on a raid on the source system, so the read speed is much faster than the write speed on the other end. Since the dest machine hasnt picked up the data yet, the source machine needs to stick it somewhere, so into RAM it goes, until there is no more free RAM. It then starts swapping, which is horribly painful since that machine has its OS installed on a somewhat slow CF card. Both machines have 4GB of physical ram, 64 bit Ubuntu 9.04 server. GigE link between them. How do I prevent this swapping? Can I put a "speed-limit" on the tar or netcat process so that the transfer speed doesn't overwhelm the write throughput on the destination end? The man pages didn't list anything, but there might be something I'm overlooking.

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• Best method(s) to backup VMs running on HyperV?

  - by Kara Marfia

  We're in the middle of P2V'ing most of the network, so the current backup method is likely the worst - the backup agent is still installed on the guest OSs, and the backup device is dutifully pulling them onto tape, one file at a time. I suspect there's a clever way to script (PowerShell?) a suspend on the VMs, then backup of the .vhd files, and unsuspend the VMs. This seems like it would provide big speed benefits, while losing file-level restore (might be best for things like DCs and app servers). What methods/policies have you hammered out?

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• Prevent auto forwarding NDR loops

  - by DemonWareXT

  a week ago we experienced a really sweet problem at a client of ours. They are a school with around 1200 users, and everyone of them has auto forwarding for all mail activated. We use Exchange 2010 Now a few of the users where able to make NDR loops by adding 2 different, wrong, destinations. We had around 80k mails sent within a few hours. Not very practical. My question is, does anyone know a good way to prevent something like this. I have found 2 ways, which both fail for their own reasons We could manage the auto forwarding on the exchange host itself, which should prevent this looping problem someone said. But 1200 Users, not on my watch. There is a Powershell script out in the wild which should work against that, but my employers want something more "professional" Thank you very much for your support Linus

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• Error in New-MailboxExportRequest - "Couldn't find the Enterprise Organizational Container" even though permissions seem right

  - by tacos_tacos_tacos

  When disabling users I typically will be asked to retain a copy of their mailbox. I accomplish this by literally creating their mailbox in Outlook and then exporting to PST. Is there some way around having to do this just to save a mailbox? Edit: I've tried New-MailboxExportRequest but I keep getting the following after providing an alias: Supply values for the following parameters: FilePath: \\localhost\EXPORT_PST\myuser.pst Mailbox: myuser Couldn't find the Enterprise Organization container. <--- the error I've also tried supplying [email protected] as the mailbox as well. Edit 2: I had already seen the post at http://www.mikepfeiffer.net/2010/10/error-couldnt-find-the-enterprise-organization-container-when-creating-a-new-mailbox-export-request/ so I set the permissions as follows below: NTFS permissions Sharing permissions I am still getting that error. Final Solution In Exchange SP2, it does not warn you that you have not set role assignments, it just fails. So be sure to create a management role for "Mailbox Import Export" and add your user to the group, then restart PowerShell for this to take effect.

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• Why is the `remove rows` button not always present in MySQL Workbench?

  - by Shawn

  I'm using MySQL Workbench to remove rows from a table in my database. Most of the time, I will simply write a select statement, then select the rows I want to erase and use the remove rows button (circled in the screenshot below). But sometimes (quite often actually), the remove rows button does not appear. Instead, I get something like the screenshot below: The remove rows button is not there and the remove rows option is grayed out in the context menu, so basically, I can't remove rows... The only way I've found of solving this issue is to run the select query many times until the button appears (it usually does after 3 of 4 times). Does anyone know why this is happening? UPDATE Today, I've been running a select query dozens of times and the button never appears. It seems my incomprehensible workaround no longer works... Help! btw: Using a delete statement does work, though I would rather not have to write one for each row I want to remove as this happens quite frequently during development...

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• How to go about rotating logs which are arbitrary named and placed in deeply nested directories?

  - by Roman Grazhdan

  I have a couple of hosts which are basically a playground for developers. On these hosts, each of them has a directory under /tmp where he is free to do all he wants - store files, write logs etc. Of course, the logs are to be rotated, or else the disc will be 100% full in a week. The files can be plenty, but I've dealt with it with paths like /tmp/[a-e]*/* and so on and lived happily for a while, but as they try new cool stuff on the machine logrotate rules grow ugly and unmanageable, and it's getting more difficult to understand which files hit the glob. Also, logrotate would segfault if asked to rotate a socket. I don't feel like trying to enforce some naming policies in that environment, I think it's going to take quite a lot of time and get people annoyed and still would fail at some point. And I still need to manage the logs, not just rm the dirs at night. So is it a good idea in circumstances like these to write a script which would handle these temporary files? I prefer sticking with standard utilities whenever possible, but here I think logrotate is getting less and less manageable. And probably someone heard of some logrotate alternatives which would work well in such an environment? I don't need emailing logs or some other advanced features, so theoretically some well commented find | xargs would do. P.S. I do have a log aggregator but this stuff is not going to touch my little cute logstash machine.

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• Would an array of SSD drives be able to succesfully substitute the system memory?

  - by Florin Mircea

  I watched a few videos trying to answer this. This video (youtube.com/watch?v=eULFf6F5Ri8) shows a bunch of guys stacking 24 SSD's reaching a peak of around 2GBps r/w. That's under the limit of the worst DDR3 in this list (memorybenchmark.net/write_ddr3_amd.html) - that shows DDR3 memory performance varying from 2.78 to 6.55 Gb per second, but that video is over 3 years old. This video (youtube.com/watch?v=27GmBzQWwP0) shows a more optimistic situation, but for PCI-E SSD drives: 5 drives peaking at around 4Gb. And this other video shows that stacking up more than 3 SSD's doesn't realistically offer a substantial added performance. This and the fact that in all benchmarks the drives act quite poorly when dealing with small files (5k file read/write averaging from 10MB to around 30-40MBps) as opposed to how native memory handles such files, seems to indicate a definite NO to this question. Also, the write life cycle is indeed limited and the drives might wear out quickly, as kindly pointed out by paddy. However, I wanted to get more opinions on this. Would it be possible to at least obtain current memory performance with SSD's in RAID 0? And if so, in what circumstances? I am assuming using this configuration with a Windows OS that has a memory pagefile resident to that stack of SSD's, thus making it very fast to work with.

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• Managing SharePoint permissions via Active Directory?

  - by rgmatthes

  My company has thousands of employees organized thoroughly via Active Directory. I have confidence in the accuracy of the Department and Title information displayed in the user profiles. I'm helping to put up a brand new SharePoint 2007 site, and I contacted IT about managing the site's permissions through AD Groups. The goal is to have the site automatically assign read/write/contribute/whatever permissions based on the information in AD. For example, we could create an AD Group called "Managers" that would contain anyone with the "Manager" title in their AD user profile. I would have SharePoint tap into this AD Group to mass assign permissions if I knew all managers would need a certain level of access (read/write/contribute/whatever). Then if a manager joins the company or leaves it, the group is automatically updated (provided AD gets updated, of course). My IT rep called back and said it couldn't be done. This seems like a pretty straightforward business requirement, and one of the huge benefits of having Active Directory, but maybe I'm mistaken. Could anyone shed some light on this? A) Is it possible to use dynamically-updated AD Groups when assigning permissions via SharePoint? (Does anyone know of a guide I could show my doubtful IT rep?) B) Is there a "best practice" way to go about this? I've read some debate on whether SharePoint Groups or AD Groups are the way to go. My main concern is dynamic updating. C) If this isn't available out of the box, can someone recommend third-party software that will provide the functionality I'm looking for? A big thanks to anyone who can help me out!!

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• Windows Server Configuration Management Best Practices

  - by Anton Gogolev

  Chef/Pupper/Ansible are cool and all, but they are second-class citizens on Windows at best. We have a bunch of "snowflake" (one of a kind) machines (baremetal and virtual) that nobody really know what's going on with. What I want is to start establishing basic configuration management for said servers, starting from installing Windows, installing and enabling various Roles and Features, setting up Services, Shares, Users and deploying webapps. PowerShell DSC looks promising, but it's not yet here and appears to be over-engineered, Puppet and the like are again not first-class. There's a bunch of tooks and TLAs like Windows ADK, DISM, OCSetup, etc. and it seems to me that the "Configuration Management" story on Windows is not precisely rainbows and unicorns. What I want is a Puppet/Chef-like, lightweight tool (no System Center Configuration Management, please) which would allow us to "version-control our server infrastructure" and bring all the benefits of CM. So, where do I look for the tool that does this kind of thing?

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• Windows script to create directories of 3,000 files

  - by uhpl1

  We have some email archiving that is dumping all the emails into a directory. Because of some performance reasons with the server, I want to setup an automated task that will run a script once a day and if there is more than 3,000 (or whatever number) of files in the main directory, create a new directory with the date and move all the main directory files into it. I'm sure someone has already written something similar, so if anyone could point me at it that would be great. Batch file or Powershell would both be fine.

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• Can ZFS ACL's be used over NFSv3 on host without /etc/group?

  - by Sandra

  Question at the bottom. Background My server setup is shown below, where I have an LDAP host which have a group called group1 that contains user1, user2. The NAS is FreeBSD 8.3 with ZFS with one zpool and a volume. serv1 gets /etc/passwd and /etc/group from the LDAP host. serv2 gets /etc/passwd from the LDAP host and /etc/group is local and read only. Hence it doesn't not know anything about which groups the LDAP have. Both servers connect to the NAS with NFS 3. What I would like to achieve I would like to be able to create/modify groups in LDAP to allow/deny users read/write access to NFS 3 shared directories on the NAS. Example: group1 should have read/write to /zfs/vol1/project1 and nothing more. Question The problem is that serv2 doesn't have a LDAP controlled /etc/group file. So the only way I can think of to solve this is to use ZFS permissions with inheritance, but I can't figure out how and what the permissions I shall set. Does someone know if this can be solved at all, and if so, any suggestions? +----------------------+ | LDAP | | group1: user1, user2 | +----------------------+ | | | |ldap |ldap |ldap | v | | +-----------+ | | | NAS | | | | /zfs/vol1 | | | +-----------+ | | ^ ^ | | |nfs3 |nfs3| v | | v +-----------------------+ +----------------------------+ | serv1 | | serv2 | | /etc/passwd from LDAP | | /etc/passwd from LDAP | | /etc/group from LDAP | | /etc/group local/read only | +-----------------------+ +----------------------------+

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• proftpd initial directory for each user

  - by Dels

  After successfully setting up proftpd server, i want to add initial directory for each users, i have 2 user, webadmin that can access all folder and upload that can only access upload folder ... # Added config DefaultRoot ~ RequireValidShell off AuthUserFile /etc/proftpd/passwd # VALID LOGINS <Limit LOGIN> AllowUser webadmin, upload DenyALL </Limit> <Directory /home/webadmin> <Limit ALL> DenyAll </Limit> <Limit DIRS READ WRITE> AllowUser webadmin </Limit> </Directory> <Directory /home/webadmin/upload> <Limit ALL> DenyAll </Limit> <Limit DIRS READ WRITE> AllowUser upload </Limit> </Directory> All set ok, but i need to tell my ftp client initial directory for each user (otherwise it keep fail to retrieve directory), which i think it should be automatically set for each user (no need to type initial directory in ftp client)

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• FreeBSD: problem with Postfix after updating LDAP

  - by Olexandr

  At the server I installed openldap-server, at this computer open-ldap client has already been installed. Version of openldap-client (2.4.16) was older then new openldap-server (2.4.21) and the version of client has updated too. OpenLDAP-client works with postfix on this server and after all updates postfix cann't start again. The error when postfix stop|start is: /libexec/ld-elf.so.1: Shared object "libldap-2.4.so.6" not found, required by "postfix" At the category with libraries is libldap-2.4.so.7, but libldap-2.4.so.6 is removed from the server. When I want to deinstall curently version of openldap-client, system write ===> Deinstalling for net/openldap24-client O.K., but when I start "make install" system write: ===> Installing for openldap-sasl-client-2.4.23 ===> openldap-sasl-client-2.4.23 depends on shared library: sasl2.2 - found ===> Generating temporary packing list ===> Checking if net/openldap24-client already installed ===> An older version of net/openldap24-client is already installed (openldap-client-2.4.21) You may wish to ``make deinstall'' and install this port again by ``make reinstall'' to upgrade it properly. If you really wish to overwrite the old port of net/openldap24-client without deleting it first, set the variable "FORCE_PKG_REGISTER" in your environment or the "make install" command line. *** Error code 1 Stop in /usr/ports/net/openldap24-client. *** Error code 1 Stop in /usr/ports/net/openldap24-client. Updating of ports doesn't help, and postfix writes error: /libexec/ld-elf.so.1: Shared object "libldap-2.4.so.6" not found, required by "postfix"

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• Script to Add an IMAP account to Outlook 2010

  - by francisswest

  Im looking to for a script that allows me to add an IMAP account to an already existing email profile. All of our users have an Exchange account as their main email account. We have several shared IMAP accounts that these users need access to. Rather than go to each machine and add each account they need access to over and over, Im hoping there is a script of some nature where I can plug in the needed info (username, password, server, security settings, etc) I then plan to run said script remotely on each machine using powershell. I have found a couple scripts in my searches, but nothing recent, and the majority of them revolve around creating profiles, not adding accounts to an already existing profile. Thoughts?

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• Exchange Activesync policy - can I make it not required for a user?

  - by TheCleaner

  Exchange 2010 sp2. I have a "C" level exec that wants to get his email on his android tablet. Easy enough. However, he doesn't want any Activesync policy applied to his device for remote wipe, etc. not even the default policy, and doesn't want to use OWA. I thought I knew Exchange pretty well, but can't find a Powershell command or anything that will allow a device to connect without enforcing at least some kind of policy. Is he out of luck using Activesync? I can set him up with POP3/IMAP, but would rather not.

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• linking Office 365 and ADFS on Azure

  - by Gaurav

  i am trying to link my ADFS to Office 365 in order to set up Single Sign On for Office 365. I am going over this blog post. at Step 5, i am supposed to run Powershell commands so i can connect the ADFS to Office 365. Set-MsolAdfscontext -Computer <AD FS server FQDN> Convert-MsolDomainToFederated -DomainName <domain name> i am unable to determine the FQDN for the ADFS server. i searched around a lot on the web, but was not able to locate the solution. i am just getting started with all configuration of ADFS and Office 365, but was not able to find out a solution. any answers?

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• Force Windows to cache executables without running them?

  - by Josh Einstein

  Is there a way to force Windows to pre-load certain EXE/DLL binaries into its prefetch/superfetch cache as if they had been executed? I have a particular application that loads pretty slowly on first run but if it's "warm" (recently executed) it starts pretty quickly. I'd like to prime the cache early in the background before the application is needed. But since it shows a UI, I'm looking for a way to do this silently. So simply launching the application it isn't ideal. Thanks you in advance. Prompted by David's suggestion in the comments, I wrote a PowerShell script to memory map the files, seek to the end, and close them. I haven't done any controlled tests yet and it could just be my imagination, but Sublime Text (the application in question) appeared to load much more quickly this time around and I haven't used it for several hours.

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• Separate domains vs. one domain with alias-domains

  - by Quasdunk

  I have tried to ask this question a few days ago but I'm afraid it was not clear enough, so here's another try. I have set up a LAMP-server using ISPConfig 3 for the administration. PHP is running over Fast-CGI. I have several domains, like my_site.com, my_site.net and my_site.org, but they all point to the same application/website. Each domain has its own web-root-folder and is running under its own user. The application itself is in a common directory which is owned by another user, like so: # path to my_application (owned by web1) /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/my_application/ # sym-link to my_application from my_site.com-web-root (owned by web5) /var/www/my_site.com/web -> /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/ # sym-link to my_application from my_site.net (owned by web4) /var/www/my_site.net/web -> /var/www/clients/client1/web1/web/ With a setup like this I have encountered a few problems concerning the permissions when performing filesystem-operations with PHP. For instance, if the application is called via my_site.com, the user web5 is trying to write something to the application-folder. But the application-folder is owned by the user web1, so web5 is not allowed to write there. As far as I unterstand, this is how Fast-CGI works. After some research and asking a few people, the solution seems to be to break it all down to one domain (e.g. my_site.com) and define the other domains (my_site.org, my_site.net) as alias for this one domain. That way, there would be only one user who has all necessary permissions. However, this would mean that we'd have to buy a multidomain SSL-certificate - but we already have an SSL-certificate for each domain. We were able to use them with our previous provider (managed hosting), and there we also had only one web-directory and multiple domains. So if this was possible, I wonder: Is putting all the domains together into one v-host with one main- and several alias-domains the right approach in this case? Or may I have misunderstood something?

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• Managing SharePoint permissions via Active Directory?

  - by rgmatthes

  My company has thousands of employees organized thoroughly via Active Directory. I have confidence in the accuracy of the Department and Title information displayed in the user profiles. I'm helping to put up a brand new SharePoint 2007 site, and I contacted IT about managing the site's permissions through AD Groups. The goal is to have the site automatically assign read/write/contribute/whatever permissions based on the information in AD. For example, we could create an AD Group called "Managers" that would contain anyone with the "Manager" title in their AD user profile. I would have SharePoint tap into this AD Group to mass assign permissions if I knew all managers would need a certain level of access (read/write/contribute/whatever). Then if a manager joins the company or leaves it, the group is automatically updated (provided AD gets updated, of course). My IT rep called back and said it couldn't be done. This seems like a pretty straightforward business requirement, and one of the huge benefits of having Active Directory, but maybe I'm mistaken. Could anyone shed some light on this? A) Is it possible to use dynamically-updated AD Groups when assigning permissions via SharePoint? (Does anyone know of a guide I could show my doubtful IT rep?) B) Is there a "best practice" way to go about this? I've read some debate on whether SharePoint Groups or AD Groups are the way to go. My main concern is dynamic updating. C) If this isn't available out of the box, can someone recommend third-party software that will provide the functionality I'm looking for? A big thanks to anyone who can help me out!!

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• Understanding Unix Permissions (w/ ACL)

  - by Dr. DOT

  I am trying to set permissions on my server properly. Currently I have a number of directories and files chmod'd at 0777 -- but I am not comfortable with it being this way. So at the advice of a serverfault specialist, I had my hosting provider install ACL on my shared virtual server. When I FTP to the server as my FTP user account "abc", I can do everything I need to do (and rightfully so) because all my dirs and files are owned by "abc", the group is "abc", and the 1st octet is set to 7 (rwx). That much I get. But here's where it gets dark gray for me. PHP is set to user "nobody". so when someone browses on of my web pages that either ends in .php or has some embedded PHP, I assume the last octet controls the access. Because all my dirs and files are owned by "abc" and assigned to group "abc", if the last octet was a 4 (r--) then the server would let the browser read the file. If it were a 6 (rw-) then the server would let the browser also write to the file or directory, correct? what if the web document does not end in .php or does not have any PHP embedded? What is the user then? how can I use ACL to not set the permission to 6 (rw-) or even 7 (rwx)? [not sure what execute does or means] Just looking for some sort of policy settings to best lock down my dirs and files while allowing my PHP scripts to do uploads and write to files (so my users don't call me to tell me "permission denied". Ok, thanks to anyone out there willing to lend me a hand. It is greatly appreciated.

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• Basics about file/folder permissions on Win 7

  - by Altar

  Hi. Under Win XP I never touched the permissions of a file/folder. I was happy with the way it worked. But recently I installed Windows 7 on a drive that previously hosted Windows XP. Now, some programs do not have 'read' and/or 'write' access to their own folders - and I am not talking about system folders like 'Program Files' but normal folders like 'C:\my data\my own folder\program folder'. I see that for folders created under Win XP I have some user groups that do not exist for 'normal' folders (folders created by me recently under Windows 7). For example, for the Win XP folder I have: Creator owner System Account unknown(S-1-5-21 blablabla... Admins Users For Win7 folders I have: Authenticated users System Admins Users How should I proceed? Should I give the right to the "Users" account to write to XP folders? Should I make the old folders (the XP folders) to have the same groups of users as the normal (Win7) ones by adding the "Authenticated users" account to those folders? Should I delete the "Account unknown" account from my system? (In this case, how?) Many thanks.

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• Stronger laptop_mode in Linux

  - by Vi

  Can I have stronger laptop mode in Linux? I want to spin down the hard drive and prevent it to spin up even if something wants to read something not in cache. In general I want to have these modes: Normal Current laptop mode Stronger laptop mode: spin up only when needs to read something uncached (and cache it). No spinups to write something unless really memory pressure (Exception: explicit "sync" command in console). Kernel is allowed to keep processes in D-sleep for 10 seconds for that. Forced laptop mode: do not spin up, period. Keep offending processes in D-sleep unless I turn off this mode. Like there is a bomb instead of hard drive. I also want to have access times tracked (mount -o atime), but I don't want the hard drive to be spinned up only to update them. Is there some settings or kernel patches that can get closer to this? May be I should write special io scheduler for "forced laptop mode"? E.g. echo suspend > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler to lock the drive and echo cfq > /ys/block/sda/queue/scheduler to unlock it again?

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