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  • Button "Add" is disabled in VPN Connection's dialog

    - by Innuendo
    I've just installed elementaryos-jupiter. (It's based on Ubuntu 10.10) I've entered VPN Connections' menu (nm - VPN Connections - Configure VPN) And there should be button "Add" - it is, but it's disabled (I can't press on it) I'm connecting via ethernet (LAN in a students' hostel) and we get internet via VPN connection (It worked for me in Ubuntu for a few years) Any suggestions? I've asked on IRC of elementaryos (there were few people) but they said that VPN is out-of-box, and it should work - they never met this.

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  • What actions does Ubuntu trigger when battery is low?

    - by blueyed
    When the battery is low, the screen gets dimmed after a few seconds already. This appears to be some special power-saving mode, and might be related to the time in org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power.time-low (1200 seconds (20 minutes) the default). While this seems to get triggered by gnome-settings-daemon, I wonder what else Ubuntu does when this happens (e.g. via DBus listeners), or other event listeners that look for a "low battery" state. It seems like something in this regard causes Ubuntu / X / the system to behave more sluggish afterwards (when the laptop is on AC again), and I would like to look into what might be causing this. I could not find anything related via dconf-editor, e.g. in org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power. It appears to get setup via idle_configure in plugins/power/gsd-power-manager.c, but it's probably something more related to something that listens on the DBus interface, which gets notified via e.g.: if (!g_dbus_connection_emit_signal (manager->priv->connection, NULL, GSD_POWER_DBUS_PATH, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "PropertiesChanged", props_changed, &error)) I could imagine that some "power saving" property gets set, but not unset when AC is available anymore and/or the battery is not low anymore. I have looked at the CPU governor setting (/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor), but it was ondemand. I am using gnome-settings-daemon with awesomeWM on Ubuntu 14.04. gnome-settings-daemon=3.8.6.1-0ubuntu11.1 I've also compared gsd's plugins/power/gsd-power-manager.c with the one from Debian's gnome-settings-daemon-3.12.1, but could not find anything obvious that might have been fixed/changed in this regard. I have managed to trigger the gnome-power-manager's gnome-settings plugin (which dims the screen etc), by patching upower and use it after killing the system's upower daemon. (note that it's probably only energy that is being used by gpm to calculate it by itself). It does not make the system become sluggish.. OTOH I have not heard the speaker's beeping, which might come from the BIOS, which might be involved here, too - or other programs using the kernel's interface on /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/. --- src/linux/up-device-supply.c.orig 2014-06-07 16:48:32.735920661 +0200 +++ src/linux/up-device-supply.c 2014-06-07 16:48:39.391920525 +0200 @@ -821,6 +821,9 @@ supply->priv->energy_old_first = 0; } + percentage = 3.1f; + time_to_empty = 3*60; + energy = 5; g_object_set (device, "energy", energy, "energy-full", energy_full,

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  • Why do so many APIs boast about being RESTful?

    - by John Hoffman
    I have noticed that many APIs I have encountered such as Facebook's old API and Skydrive's API boast about being RESTful. Hence, I looked up what REST means on Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer), but I don't understand why do APIs boast about being RESTful. Doesn't RESTful just mean that an API works via communications across the web such as via HTTP? What's the big deal? This sounds like any API that relies on third-parties.

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  • Windows 8 : support des disques durs de plus de 3 téraoctets

    Windows 8 : simplification de la procédure d'installation qui pourra se faire en 11 clics Mise à jour du 22/11/11 Steven Sinofsky, président de la division en charge du développement de Windows, vient de livrer sur le blog officiel Windows 8, les modifications qui ont été apportées au système d'exploitation. La firme fournit des détails sur la procédure d'installation de l'OS, qui a été optimisée et rationalisée pour fournir à l'utilisateur une meilleure expérience. Windows 8 offrira une configuration simplifiée, via un exécutable (Web ou DVD), et une configuration avancée qui sera accessible via un support de d...

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  • Connection to openVPN Access Server

    - by Beig
    we are using an openVPN Access Server and I would like to connect to it via the VPN network setting (network-manager-openvpn). I downloaded the client.ovpn and I can connect to the server via the command line: openvpn --script-security 2 --config client.ovpn How can I add the connection to the network manager? Which (key) entry is which? User Cert, CA Cert, Private Key? Here is an example of the client.ovpn http://nopaste.info/c10ec207f2.html Thanks in advance.

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  • How can I add a new user as sudoer using the command line?

    - by David B
    After I add a user using adduser, I can't see it via System->Administration->Users and Groups unless I logout then login again. Is that normal? Also, can I set a newly added user as a sudoer or do I have to change that only after adding it? How can I do that via the shell? Finally, can I delete the original user that was created upon initial installation of ubuntu, or is this user somehow 'special'?

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  • Correct permissions for /var/www and wordpress

    - by dpbklyn
    Hello and thank you in advance! I am relatively new to ubuntu, so please excuse the newbie-ness of this question... I have set up a LAMP server (ubuntu server 11.10) and I have access via SSH and to the "it works" page from a web browser from inside my network (via ip address) and from outside using dyndns. I have a couple of projects in development with some outside developers and I want to use this server as a development server for testing and for client approvals. We have some Wordpress projects that sit in subdirectories in /var/www/wordpress1 /var/www/wordpress2, etc. I cannot access these sub directories from a browser in order to set up WP--or (I assume) to see the content on a browser. I get a 403 Forbidden error on my browser. I assume that this is a permissions problem. Can you please tell me the proper settings for the permissions to: 1) Allow the developers and me to read/write. 2) to allow WP set up and do its thing 3) Allow visitors to access the site(s) via the web. I should also mention that the subfolder are actually simlinks to folder on another internal hdd--I don't think this will make a difference, but I thought I should disclose. Since I am a newbie to ubuntu, step-by-step directions are greatly appreciated! Thank you for taking the time! dp total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2012-07-12 10:55 . drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 4096 2012-07-11 20:02 .. lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 43 2012-07-11 20:45 admin_media -> /root/django_src/django/contrib/admin/media -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 177 2012-07-11 17:50 index.html lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 2012-07-11 20:42 media -> /hdd/web/media lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 2012-07-12 10:55 wordpress -> /hdd/web/wordpress Here is the result of using chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 www-data www-data 4096 2012-07-12 10:55 . drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 4096 2012-07-11 20:02 .. lrwxrwxrwx 1 www-data www-data 43 2012-07-11 20:45 admin_media -> /root/django_src/django/contrib/admin/media -rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data 177 2012-07-11 17:50 index.html lrwxrwxrwx 1 www-data www-data 14 2012-07-11 20:42 media -> /hdd/web/media lrwxrwxrwx 1 www-data www-data 18 2012-07-12 10:55 wordpress -> /hdd/web/wordpress I am still unable to access via browser...

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  • certificate program on database management [closed]

    - by gcc
    I am third year computer engineer student. I want take certificate at database management. However, In my country, there is no available course. Where can I learn any certificate program which is available via Internet ? Can you recommend me any program with one-two sentence to explain why I should participate in ? Note : exam should be online course & book should be available via Internet

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  • My VPS was wiped, can I still access it?

    - by Lucas806
    Someone gained access into my Ubuntu VPS via SSH, they entered rm -Rf / which wiped it and now I can't access it via SSH or SFTP. On SFTP I get the the following error: Error: Connection timed out Error: Could not connect to server And then on SSH, I try to connect to my VPS IP on Port 22, it doesn't come up with anything for ages (it should come up asking for a username) and then a op-up appears saying: Network Error: Connection timed out. Is it possible to fix this, if so, how?

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  • October patch links

    - by THE
    Along the lines of patching... While it is not 100% in our LOB, it might still be interesting for some of our readers: The Oracle critical patch update Advisory for October 2012 You will find a very detailed List with links to patches and matrices on that overview page for products ranging from Database via E-Business Suite to MySQL. Of course you can find patches for Identity Management, SOA and Weblogic also via the "Master Note on Fusion Middleware Proactive Patching - Patch Set Updates (PSUs) and Bundle Patches (BPs) [ID 1494151.1]"

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  • How to share files/media online

    - by user110744
    Can someone can direct me to a how to that explains not only how to install an FTP but also how a family member on another coast can access this via online? I have setup an old computer with the intent of sharing movies/music/photos with family members not in my house. I have been searching for over an hour and cannot find a complete guide from installation through user/folder setup to access via a computer not on the same network. Any assistance in this matter would be eternally appreciated.

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  • Why does Ubuntu really slow down the rest of my home network?

    - by tympaniplayer
    I have a ubuntu Dekstop and a Windows 7 Desktop. The windows 7 is connected via wireless adapter and the ubuntu dekstop is connected via ethernet. The wireless adapter is capable of 300Mbps link speed. When my ubuntu is connected to the interet, the network becomes very very slow. I have a 15 Mbps cable broadband connection. I have had many devices connected at one with no problem, yet this one connection seems to be wreaking havoc.

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  • My Ubuntu VPS was wiped

    - by Lucas806
    Someone gained access into my Ubuntu VPS via SSH, they entered rm -Rf / which wiped it and now I can't access it via SSH or SFTP. On SFTP I get the the following error: Error: Connection timed out Error: Could not connect to server And then on SSH, I try to connect to my VPS IP on Port 22, it doesn't come up with anything for ages (it should come up asking for a username) and then a op-up appears saying: Network Error: Connection timed out. Is it possible to fix this, if so, how?

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  • How to start networking on a wired interface before logon in Ubuntu Desktop Edition

    - by Burly
    Problem Ubuntu 9.10 Desktop Edition (and possibly previous versions as well, I haven't tested them) has no network connections after boot until at least 1 user logs in. This means any services that require networking (e.g. openssh-server) are not available until someone logs in locally either via gdm, kdm, or a TTY. Background Ubuntu 9.10 Desktop Edition uses the NetworkManager service to take commands from the nm-applet in Gnome (or it's equivalent in KDE). As I understand it, while NetworkManager is running at boot, it is not issued any commands to connect until you login for the first time because nm-applet isn't running until you login and your Gnome session starts (or similar for KDE). I'm not sure what prompts NetworkManager to connect to the network when you login via a TTY. There are several relevant variables involved in starting up the network connections including: Wired vs Wireless (and the resulting drivers, SSID, passwords, and priorities) Static vs DHCP Multiple interfaces Constraints Support Ubuntu 9.10 Karmic Koala (bonus points for additional supported versions) Support wired eth0 interface Receive an IP address via DHCP Receive DNS information via DHCP (obviously the DHCP server must provide this information) Enable networking at the proper time (e.g. some time after file systems are loaded but before network services like ssh start) Switching distros or versions (e.g. to Server Edition) is not an acceptable solution Switching to a Static IP configuration is not an acceptable solution Question How to start networking on a wired interface before logon in Ubuntu Desktop Edition? What I have tried Per this guide, adding the following entry into /etc/network/interfaces so that NetworkManager won't manage the eth0 interface: auth eth0 iface inet dhcp After reboot eth0 is down. Issuing ifconfig eth0 up brings the interface up but it receives no IP address. Issuing dhclient eth0 instead Does bring up the interface and it Does receive an IP address. Completely removing the NetworkManager package in addition to the settings above. I'm a bit confused with the whole UpStart/SysVinit mangling that's going in Ubuntu currently (I'm more familiar with the CentOS world). However, directly issuing sudo /etc/init.d/networking start Or sudo start networking does not bring up the eth0 interface at all, much less get an IP address. See-Also How to force NetworkManager to make a connection before login? References Ubuntu Desktop Edition Ubuntu Networking Configuration Using Command Line Automatic Network Configuration Via Command-Line Start network connection before login

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  • TPROXY Not working with HAProxy, Ubuntu 14.04

    - by Nyxynyx
    I'm trying to use HAProxy as a fully transparent proxy using TPROXY in Ubuntu 14.04. HAProxy will be setup on the first server with eth1 111.111.250.250 and eth0 10.111.128.134. The single balanced server has eth1 and eth0 as well. eth1 is the public facing network interface while eth0 is for the private network which both servers are in. Problem: I'm able to connect to the balanced server's port 1234 directly (via eth1) but am not able to reach the balanced server via Haproxy port 1234 (which redirects to 1234 via eth0). Am I missing out something in this configuration? On the HAProxy server The current kernel is: Linux extremehash-lb2 3.13.0-24-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 10 19:11:08 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux The kernel appears to have TPROXY support: # grep TPROXY /boot/config-3.13.0-24-generic CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_TARGET_TPROXY=m HAProxy was compiled with TPROXY support: haproxy -vv HA-Proxy version 1.5.3 2014/07/25 Copyright 2000-2014 Willy Tarreau <[email protected]> Build options : TARGET = linux26 CPU = x86_64 CC = gcc CFLAGS = -g -fno-strict-aliasing OPTIONS = USE_LINUX_TPROXY=1 USE_LIBCRYPT=1 USE_STATIC_PCRE=1 Default settings : maxconn = 2000, bufsize = 16384, maxrewrite = 8192, maxpollevents = 200 Encrypted password support via crypt(3): yes Built without zlib support (USE_ZLIB not set) Compression algorithms supported : identity Built without OpenSSL support (USE_OPENSSL not set) Built with PCRE version : 8.31 2012-07-06 PCRE library supports JIT : no (USE_PCRE_JIT not set) Built with transparent proxy support using: IP_TRANSPARENT IPV6_TRANSPARENT IP_FREEBIND Available polling systems : epoll : pref=300, test result OK poll : pref=200, test result OK select : pref=150, test result OK Total: 3 (3 usable), will use epoll. In /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg, I've configured a port to have the following options: listen test1235 :1234 mode tcp option tcplog balance leastconn source 0.0.0.0 usesrc clientip server balanced1 10.111.163.76:1234 check inter 5s rise 2 fall 4 weight 4 On the balanced server In /etc/networking/interfaces I've set the gateway for eth0 to be the HAProxy box 10.111.128.134 and restarted networking. auto eth0 eth1 iface eth0 inet static address 111.111.250.250 netmask 255.255.224.0 gateway 111.131.224.1 dns-nameservers 8.8.4.4 8.8.8.8 209.244.0.3 iface eth1 inet static address 10.111.163.76 netmask 255.255.0.0 gateway 10.111.128.134 ip route gives: default via 111.111.224.1 dev eth0 10.111.0.0/16 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 10.111.163.76 111.111.224.0/19 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 111.111.250.250

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  • Multiple subnets on isc-dhcp-server using ddns with bind9

    - by legioxi
    On my network I have two subnets: 10.100.1.0/24 - Wired/wireless 10.100.7.0/24 - VPN Both subnets are served by isc-dhcp-server running on a Debian VM. This same VM runs bind9 for my DNS. ISC-DHCP-SERVER is configured to use DDNS and update BIND9 with hosts/IPs. Everything runs great until a device drops off the wired/wireless network and pops onto the VPN. When connecting on the VPN, a DHCP lease is handed out on the new subnet but DDNS does not update BIND9. Since the device has A/TXT/PTR records it appears ISC-DHCP-SERVER won't switch them to the new IP. The logs show: Connect to wireless: Nov 6 20:55:13 core-server named[2417]: client 127.0.0.1#57697: updating zone 'internal.mydomain.com/IN': adding an RR at 'demo-iphone.internal.mydomain.com' A Nov 6 20:55:13 core-server named[2417]: client 127.0.0.1#57697: updating zone 'internal.mydomain.com/IN': adding an RR at 'demo-iphone.internal.mydomain.com' TXT Nov 6 20:55:13 core-server dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.100.1.160 to FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF (demo-iphone) via eth0 Nov 6 20:55:13 core-server dhcpd: Added new forward map from demo-iphone.internal.mydomain.com to 10.100.1.160 Nov 6 20:55:13 core-server dhcpd: Added reverse map from 160.49.21.172.in-addr.arpa. to demo-iphone.internal.mydomain.com Switch to VPN: Nov 6 20:56:34 core-server dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 10.100.7.101 to BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB (demo-iphone) via 10.100.7.0 Nov 6 20:56:34 core-server named[2417]: client 127.0.0.1#57697: updating zone 'internal.mydomain.com/IN': update unsuccessful: demo-iphone.internal.mydomain.com: 'name not in use' prerequisite not satisfied (YXDOMAIN) Nov 6 20:56:34 core-server dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.100.7.101 (10.100.1.2) from BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB (demo-iphone) via 10.100.7.0 Nov 6 20:56:34 core-server dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.100.7.101 to BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB (demo-iphone) via 10.100.7.0 Nov 6 20:56:34 core-server named[2417]: client 127.0.0.1#57697: updating zone 'internal.mydomain.com/IN': update unsuccessful: demo-iphone.internal.mydomain.com/TXT: 'RRset exists (value dependent)' prerequisite not satisfied (NXRRSET) Nov 6 20:56:34 core-server dhcpd: Forward map from demo-iphone.internal.mydomain.com to 10.100.7.101 FAILED: Has an address record but no DHCID, not mine. One thing to note is that the MAC of the device when connecting via VPN is the MAC of my Cisco ASA5512X and not the actual device. The ASA is relaying the DHCP request from the VPN client to the VM running ISC-DHCP-SERVER. Is there a way to get DDNS working in this scenario?

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  • Problem connecting to SSH in office network

    - by Jeune
    I have trouble connecting via SSH to a server whenever I am in the office. I get as far as being prompted for my password and then after that there's a long wait which always ends in a Write failed: Broken pipe This is only for connecting via SSH. I use svn to commit files to a repository hosted on the same server and there are no hitches. Furthermore, this only happens in our office. When I go the university or whenever I am at home or at the coffee shop I am able to connect seamlessly. There are no firewalls in our office. It's just a basic wireless router connected to a modem setup. It's the same setup I have at home and I guess the same setup in the coffee shop. What are the causes for a broken pipe and why does this phenomenon only happen when I try connect via SSH and not when I work with svn on the same server? Updated: Some debug logs after authentication: debug3: packet_send2: adding 48 (len 64 padlen 16 extra_pad 64) debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0 debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Entering interactive session. debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug2: channel 0: request pty-req confirm 1 debug1: Sending environment. debug3: Ignored env ORBIT_SOCKETDIR debug3: Ignored env SSH_AGENT_PID debug3: Ignored env TERM debug3: Ignored env SHELL debug3: Ignored env XDG_SESSION_COOKIE debug3: Ignored env WINDOWID debug3: Ignored env GNOME_KEYRING_CONTROL debug3: Ignored env GTK_MODULES debug3: Ignored env USER debug3: Ignored env LS_COLORS debug3: Ignored env LIBGL_DRIVERS_PATH debug3: Ignored env SSH_AUTH_SOCK debug3: Ignored env DEFAULTS_PATH debug3: Ignored env SESSION_MANAGER debug3: Ignored env USERNAME debug3: Ignored env XDG_CONFIG_DIRS debug3: Ignored env DESKTOP_SESSION debug3: Ignored env LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT debug3: Ignored env PATH debug3: Ignored env PWD debug3: Ignored env GDM_KEYBOARD_LAYOUT debug1: Sending env LANG = en_PH.utf8 debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0 debug3: Ignored env GNOME_KEYRING_PID debug3: Ignored env MANDATORY_PATH debug3: Ignored env GDM_LANG debug3: Ignored env GDMSESSION debug3: Ignored env SHLVL debug3: Ignored env HOME debug3: Ignored env GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID debug3: Ignored env LOGNAME debug3: Ignored env XDG_DATA_DIRS debug3: Ignored env DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS debug3: Ignored env LESSOPEN debug3: Ignored env WINDOWPATH debug3: Ignored env DISPLAY debug3: Ignored env LESSCLOSE debug3: Ignored env XAUTHORITY debug3: Ignored env COLORTERM debug3: Ignored env OLDPWD debug3: Ignored env _ debug2: channel 0: request shell confirm 1 debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768 UPDATE 2011-14-07: I am able to connect to the server via SSH now. I didn't do anything but that's because there is no one in the office but me! Having said that, is it possible that it has something to do with the number of sessions an SSH server can handle? UPDATE 2011-14-07: I try to login via SSH through Putty on another machine running windows together with my current SSH session in Ubuntu and now it seems my SSH session in Ubuntu has been dropped. I can't type into the terminal. Is Putty the culprit now?

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  • FreeBSD performance tuning. Sysctls, loader.conf, kernel

    - by SaveTheRbtz
    I wanted to share knowledge of tuning FreeBSD via sysctl.conf/loader.conf/KENCONF. It was initially based on Igor Sysoev's (author of nginx) presentation about FreeBSD tuning up to 100,000-200,000 active connections. Tunings are for FreeBSD-CURRENT. Since 7.2 amd64 some of them are tuned well by default. Prior 7.0 some of them are boot only (set via /boot/loader.conf) or does not exist at all. sysctl.conf: # No zero mapping feature # May break wine # (There are also reports about broken samba3) #security.bsd.map_at_zero=0 # If you have really busy webserver with apache13 you may run out of processes #kern.maxproc=10000 # Same for servers with apache2 / Pound #kern.threads.max_threads_per_proc=4096 # Max. backlog size kern.ipc.somaxconn=4096 # Shared memory // 7.2+ can use shared memory > 2Gb kern.ipc.shmmax=2147483648 # Sockets kern.ipc.maxsockets=204800 # Can cause this on older kernels: # http://old.nabble.com/Significant-performance-regression-for-increased-maxsockbuf-on-8.0-RELEASE-tt26745981.html#a26745981 ) kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=10485760 # Mbuf 2k clusters (on amd64 7.2+ 25600 is default) # For such high value vm.kmem_size must be increased to 3G kern.ipc.nmbclusters=262144 # Jumbo pagesize(_SC_PAGESIZE) clusters # Used as general packet storage for jumbo frames # can be monitored via `netstat -m` #kern.ipc.nmbjumbop=262144 # Jumbo 9k/16k clusters # If you are using them #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo9=65536 #kern.ipc.nmbjumbo16=32768 # For lower latency you can decrease scheduler's maximum time slice # default: stathz/10 (~ 13) #kern.sched.slice=1 # Increase max command-line length showed in `ps` (e.g for Tomcat/Java) # Default is PAGE_SIZE / 16 or 256 on x86 # This avoids commands to be presented as [executable] in `ps` # For more info see: http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=120749 kern.ps_arg_cache_limit=4096 # Every socket is a file, so increase them kern.maxfiles=204800 kern.maxfilesperproc=200000 kern.maxvnodes=200000 # On some systems HPET is almost 2 times faster than default ACPI-fast # Useful on systems with lots of clock_gettime / gettimeofday calls # See http://old.nabble.com/ACPI-fast-default-timecounter,-but-HPET-83--faster-td23248172.html # After revision 222222 HPET became default: http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision&revision=222222 kern.timecounter.hardware=HPET # Small receive space, only usable on http-server, on file server this # should be increased to 65535 or even more #net.inet.tcp.recvspace=8192 # This is useful on Fat-Long-Pipes #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_max=10485760 #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_inc=65535 # Small send space is useful for http servers that serve small files # Autotuned since 7.x net.inet.tcp.sendspace=16384 # This is useful on Fat-Long-Pipes #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_max=10485760 #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_inc=65535 # Turn off receive autotuning # You can play with it. #net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_auto=0 #net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_auto=0 # This should be enabled if you going to use big spaces (>64k) # Also timestamp field is useful when using syncookies net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1 # Turn this off on high-speed, lossless connections (LAN 1Gbit+) # If you set it there is no need in TCP_NODELAY sockopt (see man tcp) net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 # This feature is useful if you are serving data over modems, Gigabit Ethernet, # or even high speed WAN links (or any other link with a high bandwidth delay product), # especially if you are also using window scaling or have configured a large send window. # Automatically disables on small RTT ( http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/src/sys/netinet/tcp_subr.c?#rev1.237 ) # This sysctl was removed in 10-CURRENT: # See: http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg06178.html #net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable=0 # TCP slowstart algorithm tunings # We assuming we have very fast clients #net.inet.tcp.slowstart_flightsize=100 #net.inet.tcp.local_slowstart_flightsize=100 # Disable randomizing of ports to avoid false RST # Before usage check SA here www.bsdcan.org/2006/papers/ImprovingTCPIP.pdf # (it's also says that port randomization auto-disables at some conn.rates, but I didn't checked it thou) #net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized=0 # Increase portrange # For outgoing connections only. Good for seed-boxes and ftp servers. net.inet.ip.portrange.first=1024 net.inet.ip.portrange.last=65535 # # stops route cache degregation during a high-bandwidth flood # http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/securing-freebsd.html #net.inet.ip.rtexpire=2 net.inet.ip.rtminexpire=2 net.inet.ip.rtmaxcache=1024 # Security net.inet.ip.redirect=0 net.inet.ip.sourceroute=0 net.inet.ip.accept_sourceroute=0 net.inet.icmp.maskrepl=0 net.inet.icmp.log_redirect=0 net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect=1 net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin=1 # # There is also good example of sysctl.conf with comments: # http://www.thern.org/projects/sysctl.conf # # icmp may NOT rst, helpful for those pesky spoofed # icmp/udp floods that end up taking up your outgoing # bandwidth/ifqueue due to all that outgoing RST traffic. # #net.inet.tcp.icmp_may_rst=0 # Security net.inet.udp.blackhole=1 net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2 # IPv6 Security # For more info see http://www.fosslc.org/drupal/content/security-implications-ipv6 # Disable Node info replies # To see this vulnerability in action run `ping6 -a sglAac ::1` or `ping6 -w ::1` on unprotected node net.inet6.icmp6.nodeinfo=0 # Turn on IPv6 privacy extensions # For more info see proposal http://unix.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/FreeBSD/net/2008-06/msg00103.html net.inet6.ip6.use_tempaddr=1 net.inet6.ip6.prefer_tempaddr=1 # Disable ICMP redirect net.inet6.icmp6.rediraccept=0 # Disable acceptation of RA and auto linklocal generation if you don't use them #net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv=0 #net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal=0 # Increases default TTL, sometimes useful # Default is 64 net.inet.ip.ttl=128 # Lessen max segment life to conserve resources # ACK waiting time in miliseconds # (default: 30000. RFC from 1979 recommends 120000) net.inet.tcp.msl=5000 # Max bumber of timewait sockets net.inet.tcp.maxtcptw=200000 # Don't use tw on local connections # As of 15 Apr 2009. Igor Sysoev says that nolocaltimewait has some buggy realization. # So disable it or now till get fixed #net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait=1 # FIN_WAIT_2 state fast recycle net.inet.tcp.fast_finwait2_recycle=1 # Time before tcp keepalive probe is sent # default is 2 hours (7200000) #net.inet.tcp.keepidle=60000 # Should be increased until net.inet.ip.intr_queue_drops is zero net.inet.ip.intr_queue_maxlen=4096 # Interrupt handling via multiple CPU, but with context switch. # You can play with it. Default is 1; #net.isr.direct=0 # This is for routers only #net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 #net.inet.ip.fastforwarding=1 # This speed ups dummynet when channel isn't saturated net.inet.ip.dummynet.io_fast=1 # Increase dummynet(4) hash #net.inet.ip.dummynet.hash_size=2048 #net.inet.ip.dummynet.max_chain_len # Should be increased when you have A LOT of files on server # (Increase until vfs.ufs.dirhash_mem becomes lower) vfs.ufs.dirhash_maxmem=67108864 # Note from commit http://svn.freebsd.org/base/head@211031 : # For systems with RAID volumes and/or virtualization envirnments, where # read performance is very important, increasing this sysctl tunable to 32 # or even more will demonstratively yield additional performance benefits. vfs.read_max=32 # Explicit Congestion Notification (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification) net.inet.tcp.ecn.enable=1 # Flowtable - flow caching mechanism # Useful for routers #net.inet.flowtable.enable=1 #net.inet.flowtable.nmbflows=65535 # Extreme polling tuning #kern.polling.burst_max=1000 #kern.polling.each_burst=1000 #kern.polling.reg_frac=100 #kern.polling.user_frac=1 #kern.polling.idle_poll=0 # IPFW dynamic rules and timeouts tuning # Increase dyn_buckets till net.inet.ip.fw.curr_dyn_buckets is lower net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_buckets=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_max=65536 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_ack_lifetime=120 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_syn_lifetime=10 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_fin_lifetime=2 net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_short_lifetime=10 # Make packets pass firewall only once when using dummynet # i.e. packets going thru pipe are passing out from firewall with accept #net.inet.ip.fw.one_pass=1 # shm_use_phys Wires all shared pages, making them unswappable # Use this to lessen Virtual Memory Manager's work when using Shared Mem. # Useful for databases #kern.ipc.shm_use_phys=1 # ZFS # Enable prefetch. Useful for sequential load type i.e fileserver. # FreeBSD sets vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable to 1 on any i386 systems and # on any amd64 systems with less than 4GB of avaiable memory # For additional info check this nabble thread http://old.nabble.com/Samba-read-speed-performance-tuning-td27964534.html #vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable=0 # On highload servers you may notice following message in dmesg: # "Approaching the limit on PV entries, consider increasing either the # vm.pmap.shpgperproc or the vm.pmap.pv_entry_max tunable" vm.pmap.shpgperproc=2048 loader.conf: # Accept filters for data, http and DNS requests # Useful when your software uses select() instead of kevent/kqueue or when you under DDoS # DNS accf available on 8.0+ accf_data_load="YES" accf_http_load="YES" accf_dns_load="YES" # Async IO system calls aio_load="YES" # Linux specific devices in /dev # As for 8.1 it only /dev/full #lindev_load="YES" # Adds NCQ support in FreeBSD # WARNING! all ad[0-9]+ devices will be renamed to ada[0-9]+ # 8.0+ only #ahci_load="YES" #siis_load="YES" # FreeBSD 8.2+ # New Congestion Control for FreeBSD # http://caia.swin.edu.au/urp/newtcp/tools/cc_chd-readme-0.1.txt # http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/78/slides/iccrg-5.pdf # Initial merge commit message http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg31410.html #cc_chd_load="YES" # Increase kernel memory size to 3G. # # Use ONLY if you have KVA_PAGES in kernel configuration, and you have more than 3G RAM # Otherwise panic will happen on next reboot! # # It's required for high buffer sizes: kern.ipc.nmbjumbop, kern.ipc.nmbclusters, etc # Useful on highload stateful firewalls, proxies or ZFS fileservers # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #vm.kmem_size="3G" # If your server has lots of swap (>4Gb) you should increase following value # according to http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2009-October/029616.html # Otherwise you'll be getting errors # "kernel: swap zone exhausted, increase kern.maxswzone" # kern.maxswzone="256M" # Older versions of FreeBSD can't tune maxfiles on the fly #kern.maxfiles="200000" # Useful for databases # Sets maximum data size to 1G # (FreeBSD 7.2+ amd64 users: Check that current value is lower!) #kern.maxdsiz="1G" # Maximum buffer size(vfs.maxbufspace) # You can check current one via vfs.bufspace # Should be lowered/upped depending on server's load-type # Usually decreased to preserve kmem # (default is 10% of mem) #kern.maxbcache="512M" # Sendfile buffers # For i386 only #kern.ipc.nsfbufs=10240 # FreeBSD 9+ # HPET "legacy route" support. It should allow HPET to work per-CPU # See http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg03603.html #hint.atrtc.0.clock=0 #hint.attimer.0.clock=0 #hint.hpet.0.legacy_route=1 # syncache Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.syncache.hashsize=1024 net.inet.tcp.syncache.bucketlimit=512 net.inet.tcp.syncache.cachelimit=65536 # Increased hostcache # Later host cache can be viewed via net.inet.tcp.hostcache.list hidden sysctl # Very useful for it's RTT RTTVAR # Must be power of two net.inet.tcp.hostcache.hashsize=65536 # hashsize * bucketlimit (which is 30 by default) # It allocates 255Mb (1966080*136) of RAM net.inet.tcp.hostcache.cachelimit=1966080 # TCP control-block Hash table tuning net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=4096 # Disable ipfw deny all # Should be uncommented when there is a chance that # kernel and ipfw binary may be out-of sync on next reboot #net.inet.ip.fw.default_to_accept=1 # # SIFTR (Statistical Information For TCP Research) is a kernel module that # logs a range of statistics on active TCP connections to a log file. # See prerelease notes http://groups.google.com/group/mailing.freebsd.current/browse_thread/thread/b4c18be6cdce76e4 # and man 4 sitfr #siftr_load="YES" # Enable superpages, for 7.2+ only # Also read http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-hackers/2009-November/030094.html vm.pmap.pg_ps_enabled=1 # Usefull if you are using Intel-Gigabit NIC #hw.em.rxd=4096 #hw.em.txd=4096 #hw.em.rx_process_limit="-1" # Also if you have ALOT interrupts on NIC - play with following parameters # NOTE: You should set them for every NIC #dev.em.0.rx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.rx_abs_int_delay: 250 #dev.em.0.tx_abs_int_delay: 250 # There is also multithreaded version of em/igb drivers can be found here: # http://people.yandex-team.ru/~wawa/ # # for additional em monitoring and statistics use # sysctl dev.em.0.stats=1 ; dmesg # sysctl dev.em.0.debug=1 ; dmesg # Also after r209242 (-CURRENT) there is a separate sysctl for each stat variable; # Same tunings for igb #hw.igb.rxd=4096 #hw.igb.txd=4096 #hw.igb.rx_process_limit=100 # Some useful netisr tunables. See sysctl net.isr #net.isr.maxthreads=4 #net.isr.defaultqlimit=4096 #net.isr.maxqlimit: 10240 # Bind netisr threads to CPUs #net.isr.bindthreads=1 # # FreeBSD 9.x+ # Increase interface send queue length # See commit message http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&revision=207554 #net.link.ifqmaxlen=1024 # Nicer boot logo =) loader_logo="beastie" And finally here is KERNCONF: # Just some of them, see also # cat /sys/{i386,amd64,}/conf/NOTES # This one useful only on i386 #options KVA_PAGES=512 # You can play with HZ in environments with high interrupt rate (default is 1000) # 100 is for my notebook to prolong it's battery life #options HZ=100 # Polling is goot on network loads with high packet rates and low-end NICs # NB! Do not enable it if you want more than one netisr thread #options DEVICE_POLLING # Eliminate datacopy on socket read-write # To take advantage with zero copy sockets you should have an MTU >= 4k # This req. is only for receiving data. # Read more in man zero_copy_sockets # Also this epic thread on kernel trap: # http://kerneltrap.org/node/6506 # Here Linus says that "anybody that does it that way (FreeBSD) is totally incompetent" #options ZERO_COPY_SOCKETS # Support TCP sign. Used for IPSec options TCP_SIGNATURE # There was stackoverflow found in KAME IPSec stack: # See http://secunia.com/advisories/43995/ # For quick workaround you can use `ipfw add deny proto ipcomp` options IPSEC # This ones can be loaded as modules. They described in loader.conf section #options ACCEPT_FILTER_DATA #options ACCEPT_FILTER_HTTP # Adding ipfw, also can be loaded as modules options IPFIREWALL # On 8.1+ you can disable verbose to see blocked packets on ipfw0 interface. # Also there is no point in compiling verbose into the kernel, because # now there is net.inet.ip.fw.verbose tunable. #options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE #options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=10 options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD # Adding kernel NAT options IPFIREWALL_NAT options LIBALIAS # Traffic shaping options DUMMYNET # Divert, i.e. for userspace NAT options IPDIVERT # This is for OpenBSD's pf firewall device pf device pflog # pf's QoS - ALTQ options ALTQ options ALTQ_CBQ # Class Bases Queuing (CBQ) options ALTQ_RED # Random Early Detection (RED) options ALTQ_RIO # RED In/Out options ALTQ_HFSC # Hierarchical Packet Scheduler (HFSC) options ALTQ_PRIQ # Priority Queuing (PRIQ) options ALTQ_NOPCC # Required for SMP build # Pretty console # Manual can be found here http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=6134 #options VESA #options SC_PIXEL_MODE # Disable reboot on Ctrl Alt Del #options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT # Change normal|kernel messages color options SC_NORM_ATTR=(FG_GREEN|BG_BLACK) options SC_KERNEL_CONS_ATTR=(FG_YELLOW|BG_BLACK) # More scroll space options SC_HISTORY_SIZE=8192 # Adding hardware crypto device device crypto device cryptodev # Useful network interfaces device vlan device tap #Virtual Ethernet driver device gre #IP over IP tunneling device if_bridge #Bridge interface device pfsync #synchronization interface for PF device carp #Common Address Redundancy Protocol device enc #IPsec interface device lagg #Link aggregation interface device stf #IPv4-IPv6 port # Also for my notebook, but may be used with Opteron device amdtemp # Same for Intel processors device coretemp # man 4 cpuctl device cpuctl # CPU control pseudo-device # Support for ECMP. More than one route for destination # Works even with default route so one can use it as LB for two ISP # For now code is unstable and panics (panic: rtfree 2) on route deletions. #options RADIX_MPATH # Multicast routing #options MROUTING #options PIM # Debug & DTrace options KDB # Kernel debugger related code options KDB_TRACE # Print a stack trace for a panic options KDTRACE_FRAME # amd64-only(?) options KDTRACE_HOOKS # all architectures - enable general DTrace hooks #options DDB #options DDB_CTF # all architectures - kernel ELF linker loads CTF data # Adaptive spining in lockmgr (8.x+) # See http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg10782.html options ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS # UTF-8 in console (8.x+) #options TEKEN_UTF8 # FreeBSD 8.1+ # Deadlock resolver thread # For additional information see http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg18124.html # (FYI: "resolution" is panic so use with caution) #options DEADLKRES # Increase maximum size of Raw I/O and sendfile(2) readahead #options MAXPHYS=(1024*1024) #options MAXBSIZE=(1024*1024) # For scheduler debug enable following option. # Debug will be available via `kern.sched.stats` sysctl # For more information see http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/sys/conf/NOTES?view=markup #options SCHED_STATS If you are tuning network for maximum performance you may wish to play with ifconfig options like: # You can list all capabilities via `ifconfig -m` ifconfig [-]rxcsum [-]txcsum [-]tso [-]lro mtu In case you've enabled DDB in kernel config, you should edit your /etc/ddb.conf and add something like this to enable automatic reboot (and textdump as bonus): script kdb.enter.panic=textdump set; capture on; show pcpu; bt; ps; alltrace; capture off; call doadump; reset script kdb.enter.default=textdump set; capture on; bt; ps; capture off; call doadump; reset And do not forget to add ddb_enable="YES" to /etc/rc.conf Since FreeBSD 9 you can select to enable/disable flowcontrol on your NIC: # See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_flow_control and # http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg07927.html for additional info ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol PS. Also most of FreeBSD's limits can be monitored by # vmstat -z and # limits PPS. variety of network counters can be monitored via # netstat -s In FreeBSD-9 netstat's -Q option appeared, try following command to display netisr stats # netstat -Q PPPS. also see # man 7 tuning PPPPS. I wanted to thank FreeBSD community, especially author of nginx - Igor Sysoev, nginx-ru@ and FreeBSD-performance@ mailing lists for providing useful information about FreeBSD tuning. FreeBSD WIP * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 7? * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 8? * Whats cooking for FreeBSD 9? So here is the question: What tunings are you using on yours FreeBSD servers? You can also post your /etc/sysctl.conf, /boot/loader.conf, kernel options, etc with description of its' meaning (do not copy-paste from sysctl -d). Don't forget to specify server type (web, smb, gateway, etc) Let's share experience!

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  • Runge-Kutta (RK4) integration for game physics

    - by Kai
    Gaffer on Games has a great article about using RK4 integration for better game physics. The implementation is straightforward but the math behind it confuses me. I understand derivatives and integrals on a conceptual level but I haven't manipulated equations in a long time. Here's the brunt of Gaffer's implementation: void integrate(State &state, float t, float dt) { Derivative a = evaluate(state, t, 0.0f, Derivative()); Derivative b = evaluate(state, t+dt*0.5f, dt*0.5f, a); Derivative c = evaluate(state, t+dt*0.5f, dt*0.5f, b); Derivative d = evaluate(state, t+dt, dt, c); const float dxdt = 1.0f/6.0f * (a.dx + 2.0f*(b.dx + c.dx) + d.dx); const float dvdt = 1.0f/6.0f * (a.dv + 2.0f*(b.dv + c.dv) + d.dv) state.x = state.x + dxdt * dt; state.v = state.v + dvdt * dt; } Can anybody explain in simple terms how RK4 works? Specifically, why are we averaging the derivatives at 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, and 1.0f? How is averaging derivatives up to the 4th order different from doing a simple euler integration with a smaller timestep? After reading the accepted answer below, and several other articles, I have a grasp on how RK4 works. To answer my own questions: Can anybody explain in simple terms how RK4 works? RK4 takes advantage of the fact that we can get a much better approximation of a function if we use its higher-order derivatives rather than just the first or second derivative. That's why the Taylor series converges much faster than Euler approximations. (take a look at the animation on the right side of that page) Specifically, why are we averaging the derivatives at 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, and 1.0f? The Runge-Kutta method is an approximation of a function that samples derivatives of several points within a timestep, unlike the Taylor series which only samples derivatives of a single point. After sampling these derivatives we need to know how to weigh each sample to get the closest approximation possible. An easy way to do this is to pick constants that coincide with the Taylor series, which is how the constants of a Runge-Kutta equation are determined. This article made it clearer for me: http://web.mit.edu/10.001/Web/Course%5FNotes/Differential%5FEquations%5FNotes/node5.html. Notice how (15) is the Taylor series expansion while (17) is the Runge-Kutta derivation. How is averaging derivatives up to the 4th order different from doing a simple euler integration with a smaller timestep? Mathematically it converges much faster than doing many Euler approximations. Of course, with enough Euler approximations we can gain equal accuracy to RK4, but the computational power needed doesn't justify using Euler.

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  • Card Shuffling in C#

    - by Jeff
    I am trying to write a code for a project that lists the contents of a deck of cards, asks how much times the person wants to shuffle the deck, and then shuffles them. It has to use a method to create two random integers using the System.Random class. These are my classes: Program.cs: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ConsoleApplication3 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Deck mydeck = new Deck(); foreach (Card c in mydeck.Cards) { Console.WriteLine(c); } Console.WriteLine("How Many Times Do You Want To Shuffle?"); } } } Deck.cs: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ConsoleApplication3 { class Deck { Card[] cards = new Card[52]; string[] numbers = new string[] { "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "J", "Q", "K" }; public Deck() { int i = 0; foreach(string s in numbers) { cards[i] = new Card(Suits.Clubs, s); i++; } foreach (string s in numbers) { cards[i] = new Card(Suits.Spades, s); i++; } foreach (string s in numbers) { cards[i] = new Card(Suits.Hearts, s); i++; } foreach (string s in numbers) { cards[i] = new Card(Suits.Diamonds, s); i++; } } public Card[] Cards { get { return cards; } } } } classes.cs: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ConsoleApplication3 { enum Suits { Hearts, Diamonds, Spades, Clubs } } Card.cs: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ConsoleApplication3 { class Card { protected Suits suit; protected string cardvalue; public Card() { } public Card(Suits suit2, string cardvalue2) { suit = suit2; cardvalue = cardvalue2; } public override string ToString() { return string.Format("{0} of {1}", cardvalue, suit); } } } Please tell me how to make the cards shuffle as much as the person wants and then list the shuffled cards. Sorry about the formatting im new to this site.

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  • Set different line format for a graph with more than one serie with pChart

    - by woodgate
    I am actually using the pChart PHP library for generate graphs. I wanna know if it's possible to give a different line format for a graph with multiple series. I need a line with for example 3px of width but other line with 1px of width. Is that possible? In the official documentation only appears a function that give format to the lines of all series: http://pchart.sourceforge.net/documentation.php?topic=pChart#setLineStyle Thanks a lot.

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  • Websphere MQ Authentication and Key Certificates

    - by user171523
    I would like to authenticate the user against the MQ Series before user places the Queue message in Queue manager. I am using the IBM MQ Series V7. I would like to know how does the authentication and Key certificate works in terms of validation. It will be great if i can get any helpful links on the same.

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  • secondary y axis on WPF toolkit chart

    - by tk
    Question 1) I want to plot two line series in a WPF toolkit chart. (http://wpf.codeplex.com/) Can I set Y-axis of one data series as a secondary y-axis? Question 2) Is there a comprehensive document about the WPF toolkit chart? I used to use WinForms Chart control(System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization), which have great references. But I cannot find a library document for WPF toolkit.

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  • Plotting Scientific data in .net

    - by Dan Schubel
    Does anyone have any recommendations for plotting scientific data in .net (c# winforms). Some of my requirements are: real time plotting, 3D (waterfall), multiple axis, ability to accept BindingList as a data source and recognize any changes to the data. I also need a high level of user interactivity such as the ability to graphically select 1 or more series, draw regions. highlight part of a series, etc. So far I've looked at Nevron, Synchfusion, Infragistics, TeeChart and a few others.

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