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  • PHP mtChart (new pChart): how do i control the angle of x-axis labels?

    - by gsquare567
    i am trying to graph the results of a survey, where the question is multiple choice. eg. How would you describe this website? format: option | number of times selected | percentage of users who selected that option Informative 1 50% All of the above 1 50% Interesting 0 0% Intelligent 0 0% Cool 0 0% Incredible 0 0% Sleek 0 0% Amazing the graph is a bar graph, where each bar represents one of those options, and the height of the bar depends on the number of times selected. however, the labels are slanted at a 45 degree angle and are barely readable! here is my code: <?php require_once ("includes/common.php"); require_once ("graph/mtChart.min.php"); // type must be specified $type = $_GET['type']; if($type == "surveys_report_MC_or_CB") { // PARAMS $surveyID = $_GET['surveyID']; $questionID = $_GET['questionID']; // END PARAMS $question = SurveyQuestions::getSingle($questionID); $answers = SurveyAnswers::getAll($questionID); $options = SurveyQuestionOptions::getAll($question[SurveyQuestions::surveyQuestionID]); $others = SurveyAnswers::setOptionCounts($options, $answers); $printedOthers = false; // set graph $values = array(); $axisLabels = array(); foreach($options as $option) { $values[$option[SurveyQuestionOptions::optionText]] = $option['count']; $axisLabels[] = $option[SurveyQuestionOptions::optionText]; } $graphs = array(); $graphs[0] = $values; $xName = "Option"; $yName = "Number of Times Selected"; $graphTitle = $question[SurveyQuestions::question]; $series = array("Total"); $showLegend = false; $tall = false; } drawGraph($graphs, $axisLabels, $xName, $yName, $graphTitle, $series, $showLegend, $tall); function drawGraph($graphs, $axisLabels, $xName, $yName, $graphTitle, $series, $showLegend, $tall) { $Graph = ($tall) ? new mtChart(575,375) : new mtChart(575,275); // Dataset definition $avg = 0; $i = 0; foreach ($graphs as $key => $value) { $Graph->AddPoint($value,"series" . $key); $Graph->SetSerieName($series[$key],"series" . $key); // Get average $avg += array_sum($value); $size = sizeof($value); $i += $size; // Calculate x-axis tick interval $step = ceil($size / 25); } $Graph->AddPoint($axisLabels,"XLabel"); $Graph->AddAllSeries(); $Graph->RemoveSerie("XLabel"); $Graph->SetAbsciseLabelSerie("XLabel"); $Graph->SetXAxisName($xName); $Graph->SetYAxisName($yName); // Get from cache if it exists $Graph->enableCaching(NULL, 'graph/cache/'); $Graph->GetFromCache(); // Initialize the graph $Graph->setInterval($step); $Graph->setFontProperties("graph/tahoma.ttf",8); ($showLegend) ? $Graph->setGraphArea(45,30,475,200) : $Graph->setGraphArea(75,30,505,200); $Graph->drawGraphArea(255,255,255,TRUE); $Graph->drawScale(SCALE_START0,100,100,100,TRUE,55,1,TRUE); $Graph->drawGrid(4,TRUE,230,230,230,50); // Draw the 0 line $Graph->setFontProperties("graph/tahoma.ttf",6); $Graph->drawTreshold(0,143,55,72,TRUE,TRUE); // Draw the bar graph $Graph->drawBarGraph(); // Draw average line $Graph->drawTreshold($avg/$i, 0, 0, 0, FALSE, FALSE, 5); // Finish the graph $Graph->setFontProperties("graph/tahoma.ttf",8); if ($showLegend) { $Graph->drawLegend(482,30,255,255,255,255,255,255,100,100,100); } $Graph->setFontProperties("graph/tahoma.ttf",10); $Graph->drawTitle(0,22,$graphTitle,100,100,100,555); // Draw Graph $Graph->Stroke(); } and here is where i use it on the page: <div class="graph_container"> <img src="drawGraph.php?type=surveys_report_MC_or_CB&surveyID=<?php echo $survey[Surveys::surveyID] ?>&questionID=<?php echo $question[SurveyQuestions::surveyQuestionID] ?>" /> is there a setting i can apply to the graph which will make the text look nicer, or at least let me set the angle to 90 degrees so people can read it if they cock their head to the left? thanks! btw, mtchart is located here: http://code.google.com/p/mtchart/ and pchart (the original, which has mainly the same code) is here: http://pchart.sourceforge.net/documentation.php

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  • Spirent Communications Improves Customer Experience with Knowledge Management

    - by Tony Berk
    Spirent Communications plc is a global leader in test and measurement inspiring innovation within development labs, communication networks and IT organizations. The world’s leading communications companies rely on Spirent to help design, develop, validate, and deliver world-class network, devices, and services. Spirent’s customers require high levels of support for a diverse and complex product portfolio, and the company is committed to delivering on this requirement. Spirent needed a solution to help its customers get the information they need quickly and at their convenience through its Web site. After evaluating several solutions, Spirent selected and deployed Oracle Knowledge for Web Self Service Enterprise Edition. Oracle Knowledge Management uses natural language processing to understand the true intent of each inquiry logged via the support portal’s search function. The Spirent Knowledge Base on the company’s Customer Support Center (CSC) finds the best possible answer using search enhancement features?such as communications industry-specific libraries and federation to search external sources. Spirent has reduced contact center call volume while better serving its customers. Each time a customer uses the knowledge base, they find answers faster than by calling, and it saves Spirent an average of US$210 per call?which is significant when multiplied across the thousands of calls received monthly. Oracle Knowledge also helps support engineers find answers more quickly, enabling the company to scale without adding additional support engineers. Oracle Knowledge is integrated with Spirent's Siebel Contact Center implementation to provide an integrated desktop for CRM and agent intelligence, avoiding the need for contact center personnel to toggle between various screens to address customer inquiries, thereby accelerating customer service. Click here to learn more about Sprient's use of Siebel CRM and Oracle Knowledge Management.

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  • ACCESS VBA - DAO in VB - problem with creating relations

    - by Justin
    So take the following example: Sub CreateRelation() Dim db As Database Dim rel As Relation Dim fld As Field Set db = CurrentDb Set rel = db.CreateRelation("OrderID", "Orders", "Products") 'refrential integrity rel.Attributes = dbRelationUpdateCascade 'specify the key in the referenced table Set fld = rel.CreateField("OrderID") fld.ForeignName = "OrderID" rel.Fields.Append fld db.Relations.Append rel End Sub I keep getting the error, No unique index found for the referenced field of the primary table. if i include the vb before this sub to create in index on the field, it gives me the error: Index already exists. so i am trying to figure this out. if there are not any primary keys set, will that cause this not to work? i am confused by this, but i really really want to figure this out. So orderID is a FOREIGN KEY in the Products Table please help thanks justin

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  • Using the ASP.NET membership provider database with your own database?

    - by Shaharyar
    Hello everybody, We are developing an ASP.NET MVC Application that currently uses it's own databse ApplicationData for the domain models and another one Membership for the user management / membership provider. We do access restrictions using data-annotations in our controllers. [Authorize(Roles = "administrators, managers")] This worked great for simple use cases. As we are scaling our application our customer wants to restrict specific users to access specific areas of our ApplicationData database. Each of our products contains a foreign key referring to the region the product was assembled in. A user story would be: Users in the role NewYorkManagers should only be able to edit / see products that are assembled in New York. We created a placeholder table UserRightsRegions that contains the UserId and the RegionId. How can I link both the ApplicationData and the Membership databases in order to work properly / having cross-database-key-references? (Is something like this even possible?) All help is more than appreciated!

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  • Creating a MSI patch (.msp) by hand?

    - by Jerry Chong
    Our team has recently been considering pushing out a minor registry fix to users to modify one particular problematic key. Pretty straightforward stuff, just needed to update 1 key/value inside the registry. So at the moment, we are using Wix to build .msi installers for the product. While looking into Wix's support for generating .msp patch files, it seems that the only way to create an .msp is a somewhat overcomplicated multi-step process to: Get a copy of the original MSI, and compile a new copy of the fixed MSI Write a new Wix file that points to both installers Compile the Wix file into a .wixobj with Candle to a .psp Run Torch/Pyro over before/after snapshots of the original installers and the .psp, or alternatively using MsiMsp.exe Now my question is, can't I simply describe the registry change into a Wix file and directly compile it into the .msp, without step 1 and 4 - which is a huge amount of effort for just a simple change?

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  • Best way to store large dataset in SQL Server?

    - by gary
    I have a dataset which contains a string key field and up to 50 keywords associated with that information. Once the data has been inserted into the database there will be very few writes (INSERTS) but mostly queries for one or more keywords. I have read "Tagsystems: performance tests" which is MySQL based and it seems 2NF appears to be a good method for implementing this, however I was wondering if anyone had experience with doing this with SQL Server 2008 and very large datasets. I am likely to initially have 1 million key fields which could have up to 50 keywords each. Would a structure of keyfield, keyword1, keyword2, ... , keyword50 be the best solution or two tables keyid keyfield | 1 | | M keyid keyword Be a better idea if my queries are mostly going to be looking for results that have one or more keywords?

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  • Server authorization with MD5 and SQL.

    - by Charles
    I currently have a SQL database of passwords stored in MD5. The server needs to generate a unique key, then sends to the client. In the client, it will use the key as a salt then hash together with the password and send back to the server. The only problem is that the the SQL DB has the passwords in MD5 already. Therefore for this to work, I would have to MD5 the password client side, then MD5 it again with the salt. Am I doing this wrong, because it doesn't seem like a proper solution. Any information is appreciated.

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  • Centralized Credentials Service For Various Apps

    - by Vlad
    We are researching the possibility to build a centralized credentials storage for internal applications. These apps (vb6, vb.net, web apps in asp.net, etc) are using various instances of SQL servers and iSeries. We want to implement a central credentials facility that would act as a security broker. Basically it should work like this: Client app supplies AppID (I am Sales Application) and EnvironmentID (I am running in QA environment) and in return will get either a connection object (preferred) or encrypted connection string that will allow said application to connect to resources it needs. There will be cases when application needs to connect to two (or more) database resources (i.e. to SQL and iSeries). What are looking at DP API at the moment, but I am not convinced that DP API is the solution as it tied in with machine key. In our case using machine key isn't feasible, so I want to know if there are other approaches available.

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  • LINQ how to concatenate 2 db columns to display in dropdownlist

    - by Simke Nys
    I'm trying to concatenate product_name with product_prize_kg by using LINQ so I can display it as one field in a dropdownlist. When I try to do this I get the following error. value of type 'system.collections.generic.list(of anonymous type )' cannot be converted to ... My code is like this: Public Function selectAll() As List(Of tblProduct) Dim result = From product In dc.tblProducts Select New With { Key .productID = product.pk_product_id, Key .productNameKg = Convert.ToString(product.product_name) & " " & Convert.ToString(product.product_price_kg) } Return result.ToList() End Function This is the dropdownlist that I want to fill. <asp:DropDownList ID="DropDownList1" runat="server" DataSourceID="ObjectDataSource1" DataTextField="productNameKg" DataValueField="productID"> </asp:DropDownList> Thanks Grtz Simke

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  • The .NET ActiveX component with WPF content can't be loaded by non MFC app

    - by lonelyflyer
    I have a legacy delphi program and want to add some content implemented with WPF. So I encapsulate the WPF control with a .NET/ActiveX interop technology. That means something like: [ComRegisterFunction()] public static void RegisterClass(string key); [ComUnregisterFunction()] public static void UnregisterClass(string key); The activeX component is a WinForms User Control and the WPF materials are attached to an ElemenHost in this User Control. It works fine if the host app of this ActiveX is a MFC program even without /clr switch. But my legacy app is a delphi program, and it always throw a stackoverflow exception within the constructor of my WPF user control as the program be started. I have no clue, Google is no help. and it has puzzled me for days.

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  • Syntax to change the value of a cached object property

    - by Craig
    In an ASP.NET 3.5 VB web app, I successfully manage to cache an object containing several personal details such as name, address, etc. One of the items is CreditNum which I'd like to change in the cache on the fly. Is there a way to access this directly in the cache or do I have to destroy and rebuild the whole object just to change the value of objMemberDetails.CreditNum? The cache is set using: Public Shared Sub CacheSet(ByVal key As String, ByVal value As Object) Dim userID As String = HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.Name HttpContext.Current.Cache(key & "_" & userID) = value End Sub

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  • Purpose of "new" keyword

    - by Channel72
    The new keyword in languages like Java, Javascript, and C# creates a new instance of a class. This syntax seems to have been inherited from C++, where new is used specifically to allocate a new instance of a class on the heap, and return a pointer to the new instance. In C++, this is not the only way to construct an object. You can also construct an object on the stack, without using new - and in fact, this way of constructing objects is much more common in C++. So, coming from a C++ background, the new keyword in languages like Java, Javascript, and C# seemed natural and obvious to me. Then I started to learn Python, which doesn't have the new keyword. In Python, an instance is constructed simply by calling the constructor, like: f = Foo() At first, this seemed a bit off to me, until it occurred to me that there's no reason for Python to have new, because everything is an object so there's no need to disambiguate between various constructor syntaxes. But then I thought - what's really the point of new in Java? Why should we say Object o = new Object();? Why not just Object o = Object();? In C++ there's definitely a need for new, since we need to distinguish between allocating on the heap and allocating on the stack, but in Java all objects are constructed on the heap, so why even have the new keyword? The same question could be asked for Javascript. In C#, which I'm much less familiar with, I think new may have some purpose in terms of distinguishing between object types and value types, but I'm not sure. Regardless, it seems to me that many languages which came after C++ simply "inherited" the new keyword - without really needing it. It's almost like a vestigial keyword. We don't seem to need it for any reason, and yet it's there. Question: Am I correct about this? Or is there some compelling reason that new needs to be in C++-inspired memory-managed languages like Java, Javascript and C#?

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  • Examples of 2D side-scrollers that achieve open non-linear feel?

    - by Milosz Falinski
    I'm working on a 2.5D platformer prototype that aims for an open feel while maintaining familiar core mechanics. Now, there's some obvious challenges with creating a non constricted feel in a spatially constricted environment. What I'm interested in, is examples of how game designers deal with the "here's a level, beat the bad guys/puzzles to get to the next level" design that seems so natural to most platformers (eg. Mario/Braid/Pid/Meat Boy to name a few). Some ideas for achieving openness I've come across include: One obvious successful example is Terraria, which achieves openness simply through complexity and flexibility of the game-system Another example that comes to mind is Cave Story. Game is non-linear, offers multiple choices and side-stories Mario, Rayman and some other 'classics' with a top-down level selection. I actually really dislike this as it never did anything for me emotionally and just seems like a bit of a lazy way to do things. Note: I've not actually had much experience with most of the 'classical' console platformers, apart from the obvious Marios/Zeldas/Metroids, since I've grown up on adventure games. By that I mean, it's entirely possible that I simply missed some games that solve the problem really well and are by some considered obvious 'classics'.

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  • What is the proper way to create a recursive entity in the Entity Framework?

    - by Orion Adrian
    I'm currently using VS 2010 RC, and I'm trying to create a model that contains a recursive self-referencing entity. Currently when I import the entity from the model I get an error indicating that the parent property cannot be part of the association because it's set to 'Computed' or 'Identity', though I'm not sure why it does it that way. I've been hand-editing the file to get around that error, but then the model simply doesn't work. What is the proper way to get recursive entities to work in the Entity Framework. CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Appointments]( [AppointmentId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [Description] [nvarchar](1024) NULL, [Start] [datetime] NOT NULL, [End] [datetime] NOT NULL, [Username] [varchar](50) NOT NULL, [RecurrenceRule] [nvarchar](1024) NULL, [RecurrenceState] [varchar](20) NULL, [RecurrenceParentId] [int] NULL, [Annotations] [nvarchar](50) NULL, [Application] [nvarchar](100) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_Appointments] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [AppointmentId] ASC ) ) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Appointments] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Appointments_ParentAppointments] FOREIGN KEY([RecurrenceParentId]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Appointments] ([AppointmentId]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Appointments] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_Appointments_ParentAppointments] GO

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  • UIScrollView in a TabBar controlled navigation - IPhone

    - by user362722
    I have a TabBarControlled view navigation and i want to display a UIScrollView in one of the Tabs, but whenever i click on this tab the error-code: ...this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key... appears. My code: Code: #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @interface BillViewController : UIViewController <UIScrollViewDelegate> { IBOutlet UIScrollView *olta; } @property (nonatomic,retain) IBOutlet UIScrollView *olta; @end My code has a IBOutlet UIScrollView and it is connected to the IB. My class also implements the desired protocol and the delegate is connected to the BillViewController-class. thanks

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  • PDO update with conditional?

    - by dmontain
    I have a PDO mysql that updates 3 fields. $update = $mypdo->prepare("UPDATE tablename SET field1=:field1, field2=:field2, field3=:field3 WHERE key=:key"); But I want field3 to be updated only when $update3 = true; Is this possible to accomplish with a single query? I could do it with 2 queries where I update field1 and field2 then check the boolean and update field3 if needed in a separate query. But hopefully there is a way to accomplish this in 1 query?

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  • .net difference between right shift and left shift keys

    - by Mr AH
    I am currently working on an application which requires different behaviour based on whether the user presses the right or left shift key (RShiftKey, LShiftKey), however when either of these keys is pressed I only see ShiftKey | Shift. Is there something wrong with my keyboard? (laptop) do I need a new keyboard driver/keyboard in order to send the different key commands maybe... This is a pretty massive problem at the moment, as there is no way of testing that the code works (apart from unit tests). Anyone had any experience of the different shift/alt/ctrl keys?

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  • Is there a general concrete implementation of a KeyedCollection?

    - by CodeSavvyGeek
    The System.Collections.ObjectModel.KeyedCollection class is a very useful alternative to System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary, especially when the key data is part of the object being stored or you want to be able to enumerate the items in order. Unfortunately, the class is abstract, and I am unable to find a general concrete implementation in the core .NET framework. The Framework Design Guidlines book indicates that a concrete implementation should be provided for abstract types (section 4.4 Abstract Class Design). Why would the framework designers leave out a general concrete implementation of such a useful class, especially when it could be provided by simply exposing a constructor that accepts and stores a Converter from the item to its key: public class ConcreteKeyedCollection : KeyedCollection { private Converter getKeyForItem = null; public GenericKeyedCollection(Converter getKeyForItem) { if (getKeyForItem == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("getKeyForItem"); } this.getKeyForItem = getKeyForItem; } protected override TKey GetKeyForItem(TItem item) { return this.getKeyForItem(item); } }

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  • Odd nested dictionary behavior in python

    - by adept
    Im new two python and am trying to grow a dictionary of dictionaries. I have done this in php and perl but python is behaving very differently. Im sure it makes sense to those more familiar with python. Here is my code: colnames = ['name','dob','id']; tablehashcopy = {}; tablehashcopy = dict.fromkeys(colnames,{}); tablehashcopy['name']['hi'] = 0; print(tablehashcopy); Output: {'dob': {'hi': 0}, 'name': {'hi': 0}, 'id': {'hi': 0}} The problem arises from the 2nd to last statement(i put the print in for convenience). I expected to find that one element has been added to the 'name' dictionary with the key 'hi' and the value 0. But this key,value pair has been added to EVERY sub-dictionary. Why? I have tested this on my ubuntu machine in both python 2.6 and python 3.1 the behaviour is the same.

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  • Dealing with the customer / developer culture mismatch on an agile project

    - by Eric Smith
    One of the tenets of agile is ... Customer collaboration over contract negotiation ... another one is ... Individuals and interactions over processes and tools But the way I see it, at least when it comes to interaction with the customer, there is a fundamental problem: How the customer thinks is fundamentally different to how a software engineer thinks That may be a bit of a generalisation, yes. Arguably, there are business domains where this is not necessarily true---these are few and far between though. In many domains though, the typical customer is: Interested in daily operational concerns--short-range tactics ... not strategy; Only concerned with the immediate solution; Generally one-dimensional, non-abstract thinkers; Primarily interested in "getting the job done" as opposed to coming up with a lasting, quality solution. On the other hand, software engineers who practice agile are: Professionals who value quality; Individuals who understand the notion of "more haste less speed" i.e., spending a little more time to do things properly will save lots of time down the road; Generally, very experienced analytical thinkers. So very clearly, there is a natural culture discrepancy that tends to inhibit "customer collaboration". What's the best way to address this?

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  • How can I strip down Ubuntu?

    - by Thomas Owens
    I'm trying to fix what I consider a bloated install of Ubuntu. When I install Ubuntu on a machine, I get things that I don't want - web browsers, office applications, media players, accessibility utilities, Ubuntu One, and so on. My goal is to create a way that I can have an install of Ubuntu that contains only the most minimal packages - the administrative tools and package manager, a GUI (my preference would be GNOME), a text editor, core drivers (video cards, network cards - wired and wireless, input devices), and anything else that I have to have to run a stable distribution. From there, I would like to pick and choose which packages I install to create my own customized system. After playing around with other distros like Arch and Slackware, like how they provide a barebones install by default. However, I get trapped in a "configuration hell" - right now, I tried moving away from Ubuntu and to Arch, but after spending 6 hours with it, I still don't have a usable system. It's half configured and I don't have any usable software packages to enable me to work. Is anything that can help me available? Either something like the OpenSUSE builder that lets you choose applications and packages for the CD, an advanced installation mode where I can choose the packages to install and which to ignore, or a guide on how to strip Ubuntu down to its bare bones? And I suppose a natural follow up to this is once I have a stripped down Ubuntu, will this affect updating at all? When Canonical releases the next version of Ubuntu, I don't want any bloatware reinstalled. And yes, most of the applications that come with Ubuntu, I simply don't use. Ever.

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  • Mysql error in php code

    - by Ockonal
    Hello, can't understand mysql error: UPDATE static_pages SET order = " Some new data 222222 "Database error: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'order = " $query = 'UPDATE someTable SET '.$key.' = "'.$value.'"'; Here is $key = order; $value = 'new data 222222'; There is such keys in table: order, prices, contacts. Each of these updates well except the 'order'. Why?

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  • MySQL - how long to create an index?

    - by user293594
    Can anyone tell me how adding a key scales in MySQL? I have 500,000,000 rows in a database, trans, with columns i (INT UNSIGNED), j (INT UNSIGNED), nu (DOUBLE), A (DOUBLE). I try to index a column, e.g. ALTER TABLE trans ADD KEY idx_A (A); and I wait. For a table of 14,000,000 rows it took about 2 minutes to execute on my MacBook Pro, but for the whole half a billion, it's taking 15hrs and counting. Am I doing something wrong, or am I just being naive about how indexing a database scales with the number of rows?

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  • java keytool question

    - by user384706
    Hi, I created a java keystore programmatically of type jks (i.e. default type). It is initially empty so I created a DSA certificate. keytool -genkey -alias myCert -v -keystore trivial.keystore How can I see the public and private keys? I.e. is there a command that prints the private key of my certificate? I could only find keytool -certreq which in my understanding prints the certificate as a whole: -----BEGIN NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- MIICaTCCAicCAQAwZTELMAkGA1UEBhMCR1IxDzANBgNVBAgTBkdyZWVjZTEPMA0GA1UEBxMGQXRo BQADLwAwLAIUQZbY/3Qq0G26fsBbWiHMbuVd3VICFE+gwtUauYiRbHh0caAtRj3qRTwl -----END NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST----- I assume this is the whole certificate. How can I see private (or public key) via keytool? Thank you

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  • unit/integration testing web service proxy client

    - by cori
    I'm rewriting a PHP client/proxy library that provides an interface to a SOAP-based .Net webservice, and in the process I want to add some unit and integration tests so future modifications are less risky. The work the library I'm working on performs is to marshall the calls to the web service and do a little reorganizing of the responses to present a slightly more -object-oriented interface to the underlying service. Since this library is little else than a thin layer on top of web service calls, my basic assumption is that I'll really be writing integration tests more than unit tests - for example, I don't see any reason to mock away the web service - the work that's performed by the code I'm working on is very light; it's almost passing the response from the service right back to its consumer. Most of the calls are basic CRUD operations: CreateRole(), CreateUser(), DeleteUser(), FindUser(), &ct. I'll be starting from a known database state - the system I'm using for these tests is isolated for testing purposes, so the results will be more or less predictable. My question is this: is it natural to use web service calls to confirm the results of operations within the tests and to reset the state of the application within the scope of each test? Here's an example: One test might be createUserReturnsValidUserId() and might go like this: public function createUserReturnsValidUserId() { // we're assuming a global connection to the service $newUserId = $client->CreateUser("user1"); assertNotNull($newUserId); assertNotNull($client->FindUser($newUserId); $client->deleteUser($newUserId); } So I'm creating a user, making sure I get an ID back and that it represents a user in the system, and then cleaning up after myself (so that later tests don't rely on the success or failure of this test w/r/t the number of users in the system, for example). However this still seems pretty fragile - lots of dependencies and opportunities for tests to fail and effect the results of later tests, which I definitely want to avoid. Am I missing some options of ways to decouple these tests from the system under test, or is this really the best I can do? I think this is a fairly general unit/integration testing question, but if it matters I'm using PHPUnit for the testing framework.

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