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  • How does the CLR (.NET) internally allocate and pass around custom value types (structs)?

    - by stakx
    Question: Do all CLR value types, including user-defined structs, live on the evaluation stack exclusively, meaning that they will never need to be reclaimed by the garbage-collector, or are there cases where they are garbage-collected? Background: I have previously asked a question on SO about the impact that a fluent interface has on the runtime performance of a .NET application. I was particuarly worried that creating a large number of very short-lived temporary objects would negatively affect runtime performance through more frequent garbage-collection. Now it has occured to me that if I declared those temporary objects' types as struct (ie. as user-defined value types) instead of class, the garbage collector might not be involved at all if it turns out that all value types live exclusively on the evaluation stack. What I've found out so far: I did a brief experiment to see what the differences are in the CIL generated for user-defined value types and reference types. This is my C# code: struct SomeValueType { public int X; } class SomeReferenceType { public int X; } . . static void TryValueType(SomeValueType vt) { ... } static void TryReferenceType(SomeReferenceType rt) { ... } . . var vt = new SomeValueType { X = 1 }; var rt = new SomeReferenceType { X = 2 }; TryValueType(vt); TryReferenceType(rt); And this is the CIL generated for the last four lines of code: .locals init ( [0] valuetype SomeValueType vt, [1] class SomeReferenceType rt, [2] valuetype SomeValueType <>g__initLocal0, // [3] class SomeReferenceType <>g__initLocal1, // why are these generated? [4] valuetype SomeValueType CS$0$0000 // ) L_0000: ldloca.s CS$0$0000 L_0002: initobj SomeValueType // no newobj required, instance already allocated L_0008: ldloc.s CS$0$0000 L_000a: stloc.2 L_000b: ldloca.s <>g__initLocal0 L_000d: ldc.i4.1 L_000e: stfld int32 SomeValueType::X L_0013: ldloc.2 L_0014: stloc.0 L_0015: newobj instance void SomeReferenceType::.ctor() L_001a: stloc.3 L_001b: ldloc.3 L_001c: ldc.i4.2 L_001d: stfld int32 SomeReferenceType::X L_0022: ldloc.3 L_0023: stloc.1 L_0024: ldloc.0 L_0025: call void Program::TryValueType(valuetype SomeValueType) L_002a: ldloc.1 L_002b: call void Program::TryReferenceType(class SomeReferenceType) What I cannot figure out from this code is this: Where are all those local variables mentioned in the .locals block allocated? How are they allocated? How are they freed? Why are so many anonymous local variables needed and copied to-and-fro only to initialize my two local variables rt and vt?

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  • [C] Programming problem: Storing values of an array in one variable

    - by OldMacDonald
    Hello, I am trying to use md5 code to calculate checksums of file. Now the given function prints out the (previously calculated) checksum on screen, but I want to store it in a variable, to be able to compare it later on. I guess the main problem is that I want to store the content of an array in one variable. How can I manage that? Probably this is a very stupid question, but maybe somone can help. Below is the function to print out the value. I want to modify it to store the result in one variable. static void MDPrint (mdContext) MD5_CTX *mdContext; { int i; for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) { printf ("%02x", mdContext->digest[i]); } // end of for } // end of function For reasons of completeness the used struct: /* typedef a 32 bit type */ typedef unsigned long int UINT4; /* Data structure for MD5 (Message Digest) computation */ typedef struct { UINT4 i[2]; /* number of _bits_ handled mod 2^64 */ UINT4 buf[4]; /* scratch buffer */ unsigned char in[64]; /* input buffer */ unsigned char digest[16]; /* actual digest after MD5Final call */ } MD5_CTX; and the used function to calculate the checksum: static int MDFile (filename) char *filename; { FILE *inFile = fopen (filename, "rb"); MD5_CTX mdContext; int bytes; unsigned char data[1024]; if (inFile == NULL) { printf ("%s can't be opened.\n", filename); return -1; } // end of if MD5Init (&mdContext); while ((bytes = fread (data, 1, 1024, inFile)) != 0) MD5Update (&mdContext, data, bytes); MD5Final (&mdContext); MDPrint (&mdContext); printf (" %s\n", filename); fclose (inFile); return 0; }

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  • C#: How to find the default value for a run-time Type?

    - by George Mauer
    So given a static type in your code you can do var defaultMyTypeVal = default(MyType); How would you do the same thing given a variable of Type so you can use it during runtime? In other words how do I implement the following method without a bunch of if statements or using Generics (because I will not know the type I'm passing into the method at compile time)? public object GetDefaultValueForType(Type type) { .... }

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  • A question about making a C# class persistant during a file load

    - by Adam
    Apologies for the indescriptive title, however it's the best I could think of for the moment. Basically, I've written a singleton class that loads files into a database. These files are typically large, and take hours to process. What I am looking for is to make a method where I can have this class running, and be able to call methods from within it, even if it's calling class is shut down. The singleton class is simple. It starts a thread that loads the file into the database, while having methods to report on the current status. In a nutshell it's al little like this: public sealed class BulkFileLoader { static BulkFileLoader instance = null; int currentCount = 0; BulkFileLoader() public static BulkFileLoader Instance { // Instanciate the instance class if necessary, and return it } public void Go() { // kick of 'ProcessFile' thread } public void GetCurrentCount() { return currentCount; } private void ProcessFile() { while (more rows in the import file) { // insert the row into the database currentCount++; } } } The idea is that you can get an instance of BulkFileLoader to execute, which will process a file to load, while at any time you can get realtime updates on the number of rows its done so far using the GetCurrentCount() method. This works fine, except the calling class needs to stay open the whole time for the processing to continue. As soon as I stop the calling class, the BulkFileLoader instance is removed, and it stops processing the file. What I am after is a solution where it will continue to run independently, regardless of what happens to the calling class. I then tried another approach. I created a simple console application that kicks off the BulkFileLoader, and then wrapped it around as a process. This fixes one problem, since now when I kick off the process, the file will continue to load even if I close the class that called the process. However, now the problem I have is that cannot get updates on the current count, since if I try and get the instance of BulkFileLoader (which, as mentioned before is a singleton), it creates a new instance, rather than returning the instance that is currently in the executing process. It would appear that singletons don't extend into the scope of other processes running on the machine. In the end, I want to be able to kick off the BulkFileLoader, and at any time be able to find out how many rows it's processed. However, that is even if I close the application I used to start it. Can anyone see a solution to my problem?

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  • How to handle error on other thread?

    - by markattwood
    Hi, I'm trying to handle errors that have occurred on other threads the .NET CF program is like below: static void Main() { Thread t = new Thread(Start); t.Start(); ... } void Start() { ... Exception here } In my situation, putting try catch in the Start method is impossible. How can I handle it in the global code?

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  • grails: quering in a composite structure

    - by Asaf David
    hey i have the following domain model: class Location { String name static hasMany = [locations:Location, persons:Person] } class Person { String name } so basically each location can hold a bunch of people + "sub-locations". what is the best way to recursively query for all persons under a location (including it's sub locations, and their sub locations, etc')?

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  • AIX- Does not install shared lib

    - by kadeshpa
    I am able to build the shared object successfully using the holy native compiler "xlc" on AIX.It does build the shared object library but does not install the shared object library. Configure command is: ./configure --prefix=/PATH/to/install --exec-prefix=/PATH/to/install --enable-shared --enable-static=no --enable-module=so --build=powerpc-ibm-aix5.3.0.0 --host=powerpc-ibm-aix5.3.0.0 LDFLAGS="-G -shared" Any help would be appreciated?

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  • Wordpress Hooks vs. includes?

    - by Chris J. Lee
    This is somewhat a subjective question. Noticed themes like thematic and carrington use hooks to display their themes. Trying to figure out which works best for a more efficient workflow. Which seems more efficient at theming? Trying to weigh in the cons and pros of hooks vs. just including static files.

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  • Android: how to obtain AssetManager without reference to Context?

    - by ab11
    I have a Class that needs to obtain a reference to it's application's AssetManager. This class does not extend any sort of android UI class, so it doesn't have a getContext() method, or anything similar. Is there some sort of static Context.getCurrentApplicationContext() type of method? To clarify: my class is intended to be used like a library, for other applications. It has no associated AndroidManifest.xml or control over the context which is calling it.

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  • Load script with parameters

    - by Doseke
    Before I used .jsp pages for jsf, and the below code was pretty fine <script language="javascript" src='<%= renderResponse.encodeURL(renderRequest.getContextPath() +"/resources/jsCropperUI/scriptaculous.js?load=effects,builder,dragdrop") %>' > </script> Now, I'm using .xhtml with RichFaces, and the below code does not work <a4j:loadScript src="/resources/jsCropperUI/scriptaculous.js?load=effects,builder,dragdrop"/> Exception is Static resource not found for path /resources/jsCropperUI/scriptaculous.js?load=effects,builder,dragdrop How can I fix this?

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  • Custom base class for workflow activity , how to declare dependecy property ?

    - by Ajax2020
    Generally we derive custom activity from Activity or CompositeActivity class, i want to have my custom base class for all activities : like public class BusinessActivity : Activity { } then my custom activities will derive from BusinessActivity . The quetions is if i want ErrorMessageProperty and RetryCountProperty as dependency properties then in the BusinessActivity how to declare third param in Register method like public static DependencyProperty RetryCountProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("RetryCount", typeof(int), typeof(**BusinessActivity**)); What will happen if i derive from BusinessActivity class ?

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  • Looking for a chart of Wpf Bindings

    - by BSalita
    I'm probably typical in being bewildered by the many syntaxes of Wpf binding. Does anyone know of a chart that lays out all the possibilities. Across one axis is all the variations of binding syntaxes (Static, Dynamic, Self, ...), the other axis are all the variations of scoping and type. The intersection of the axis show an example. Surely someone, some author has done this, eh?

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  • question about interface

    - by davit-datuashvili
    i have posted this question http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2874487/how-can-i-implement-this-python-snippet-in-java i have compiled it now i need to use in main project public static void main(String[]args){ } ? can anybody show me example?

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  • question about interface

    - by davit-datuashvili
    i have posted this question http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2874487/how-can-i-implement-this-python-snippet-in-java i have compiled it now i need to use in main project public static void main(String[]args){ } ? can anybody show me example?

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  • question about interface

    - by davit-datuashvili
    i have posted this question http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2874487/how-can-i-implement-this-python-snippet-in-java i have compiled it now i need to use in main project public static void main(String[]args){ } ? can anybody show me example?

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  • Is nginx / node.js / postgres a very scalable architecture?

    - by Luc
    I have an app running with: one instance of nginx as the frontend (serving static file) a cluster of node.js application for the backend (using cluster and expressjs modules) one instance of Postgres as the DB Is this architecture sufficient if the application needs scalability (this is only for HTTP / REST requests) for: 500 request per seconds (each requests only fetches data from the DB, those data could be several ko, and with no big computation needed after the fetch). 20000 users connected at the same time Where could be the bottlenecks ?

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  • Frequent Functions: How to Structure?

    - by cam
    How should one structure their frequently used non-important functions (conversions, etc) in C# since everything must be contained in an object? Usually I take all these functions and put them in a static Utility class. Is this a good practice? How do most developers do it?

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  • Sony SmartWatch 2 Magnetic Fields confusion

    - by user1865735
    I'm trying to use Registration.SensorTypeValue.MAGNETIC_FIELD in SmartWatch's 2 plugin. But values that I received put me into some dissapointed state, cause of few reason: Values is to big (I tested magnetic fields on 3 phones and result is like "-12. , 38, -14", and the watch give me something like "488, 440, -115") Values are almost static, they live in very small range. What's wrong with me or with the watch? I think this question is for Sony support team.

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