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• RewriteRule and Proxy

  - by Felipe Alvarez

  Two servers. example.net, and example.com On http://example.net, My httpd.conf contains # example.net RewriteEngine On RewriteRule ^/felipetest2 http://example.com/webpage [P] I am getting a 302 Moved, which is pointing to http://example.net/webpage, but should be http://example.com/webpage What's going on? I have control over both .net and .com servers in these examples. I know I can do the same with ProxyPass and ProxyPassReverse, but I'm trying to get my head around this one. Edit: Main Question: How do I show a maintenance page, without changing URL in the browser? On same domain, or across different domains?

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• Good book for a software developer doing part-time (Linux) system administration work

  - by Tony Meyer

  In many smaller organisations, developers often end up doing some system administration work (for obvious reasons). A lot of the time, they have great developer skills, but few system administration skills (perhaps all self-taught), and so have to learn as they go, which is fairly inefficient. Are there canonical (or simply great) books that would help in this situation? More advanced than just using a shell (presumably a developer can do that), but not aimed at someone that hopes to spend many years doing this work. Ideally, something fairly generic (although specific to a distribution would be OK), covering databases, networking, general maintenance, etc, not just one specific task. For the most part, I'm interested in shell-based work (i.e. no GUI installed), although if there's something outstanding I'm missing, please point it out. (As an analogy, replace "system administration" with C, and I'd want K&R, with C++ and I'd want Meyers' "Effective C++").

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• Parallel prologue and epilogue in Grid Engine

  - by ajdecon

  We have a cluster being used to run MPI jobs for a customer. Previously this cluster used Torque as the scheduler, but we are transitioning to Grid Engine 6.2u5 (for some other features). Unfortunately, we are having trouble duplicating some of our maintenance scripts in the Grid Engine environment. In Torque, we have a prologue.parallel script which is used to carry out an automated health-check on the node. If this script returns a fail condition, Torque will helpfully offline the node and re-queue the job to use a different group of nodes. In Grid Engine, however, the queue "prolog" only runs on the head node of the job. We can manually run our prologue script from the startmpi.sh initialization script, for the mpi parallel environment; but I can't figure out how to detect a fail condition and carry out the same "mark offline and requeue" procedure. Any suggestions?

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• SQL Server 2005 jobs running twice in a row - using LiteSpeed

  - by Malnizzle

  Howdy! I have a SQL server (2005) backing up to a network share, who has a group of maintenance plans setup through LiteSpeed to backup different DBs. They were just set up to run two sub plans on different schedules for full/diff backups and did that just fine for a couple of months. Then I added "Clean Up" task to the subplans. Ever since that point, the backup creates another bak right after the first bak job is completed. I removed the clean up item from the subplan, and it still creates two baks when ran. Both the SQL Activity Monitor and the machine's windows application log show just one job being executed. I did this same thing to a couple of other servers backing up to the same location, and they are behaving correctly. Thoughts?

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• Suggestions for SOHO networking gear

  - by jakemcgraw

  I'm a software developer in my day to day job but have landed a contract position to spec out and install the computer equipment for a small office. Ease of use (easy installation, low maintenance and good support) is priority number one, it supersedes price by a wide margin. The installation we had in mind would support up to ten workstations. I was originally going to go with Netgear hardware for firewall, switch duties: Firewall: NETGEAR UTM25-100NAS Switch:NETGEAR GS724T but have been told Sonicwall firewalls are easier to configure. So, sysadmins, if ease of use was priority number one, what hardware would you purchase for firewall, switch duties?

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• SpinRite and USB blues - does a solution exist?

  - by Peter Mortensen

  I use SpinRite to recover hard disks and their content, and to a lesser degree for preventive maintenance. However, if a USB drive (USB thumb drive and/or external hard disk with a USB interface) is connected when SpinRite scans for devices, then SpinRite never finishes/hangs. The work-around is of course to disconnect the drive, but there is value in being able to use SpinRite on USB drives. Some external drives have no screws and it is difficult to take out the hard disk without damaging the casing. And for those that have it would save the disassembling time. Is there a way to fix this problem (e.g. BIOS changes or a modified SpinRite boot CD) without resorting to floppy disks?

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• Logging Bounced messages to a Database (Postfix with virtual domains/users)

  - by Gurunandan

  We have a postfix installation with a couple of virtual domains each with virtual users. These domains and users are mapped using a mysql database. I have been until now tracking bounces by parsing the postfix log file. I suspect there must be better and more efficient ways of doing this. I thought of three but I am not sure what is best: Write a Postfix content filter that logs the bounce and throws away the mail Use procmail - but I am not sure how procmail would work with virtual users who have no $HOME defined Write a script that POPs mail from mailboxes; parses and logs them and deletes the bounced email I would appreciate advise on which would be best from a maintenance point of view and efficient from conserving server resources point of view. Thanks

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• Why would the IIS UrlRewrite module continue redirecting requests after the rule is removed?

  - by Jon Norton

  Our application uses the IIS UrlRewrite module to temporarily redirect requests during upgrades to a maintenance site. We have seen a few instances where even though the redirect rule has been removed, the server continues to redirect all requests according to the removed rule. There does not seem to be any pattern with this, and has only occurred once or twice. We have taken the following steps to try and determine the cause of this behavior. Verified that the original rule was a 307 temporary redirect Requested the application from machines that had never requested it before Used a different browser Added and removed a dummy rule from the IIS management console Checked the http kernel cache using netsh http show cachestate Modified the applicationHost.config file by hand (the rule was not still in the file, we just added a superfluous space) In the past when this has happened, we have been able to restart IIS and it solves the problem but that is not always an option and we really want to figure out what the root cause is. How or why would UrlRewrite be caching the response and not responding to configuration changes?

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• Mysqldump causes "Too many connections"

  - by vbachev

  A scheduled backup using mysqldump on one of our databases is causing Too many connections. The database is of both InnoDB and MyISAM tables with size of around 500Mb. The Too many connections appears for about 2-3 minutes We understand that mysqldump locks the tables and causes all other queries and connections to pile up and jam the mysql server. We need frequent backups and we cannot afford server downtime or putting websites in maintenance mode while doing it. Our websites are global and traffic is high all the time so its hard to find a moment for backups. How can we avoid downtime during backups?Is there maybe a way to use mysqldump in way that it will not lock all tables at the same time?Is there an alternative to backing up with mysqldump?

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• SQL Server backup

  - by zzz777

  I have Full-Backup-A Transaction-Log-Backup-A Transaction-Log-Backup-B (*) - I have to restore this point Full-Backup-B How to do it? It seems that the only way is Full-Backup-A Transaction-Log-Backup-A Transaction-Log-Backup-B Shut-off client access Transaction-Log-C Full-Backup-B Allow client access Are there any other ways to guarantee that nothing did happen with the database between last transaction log and the next full backup. I was thinking about a. Starting transaction log backup simultaneously with full backup. b. Using differential back up while clients are connected and making full backup during maintenance window only c. Run replication and back-up the replica, stopping and restoring duplication services in points 4 and 7 and feel that it is actually hopeless.

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• Overriding Debian default groups from LDAP

  - by Ex-Parrot

  This is a thing that has always bothered me: how am I best to handle Debian standard groups for LDAP users? Debian has a number of groups defined by default, e.g. plugdev, audio, cdrom and so on. These control access in standard Debian installs. When I want a user from LDAP to be a member of the `audio' group on all machines they log in to, I've tried a few different things: Adding them to the local group on the machine (this works but is hard to maintain) Creating a group in LDAP with the same name and a different GID then adding the user to that group (breaks reverse / forward GID mapping, doesn't seem to work) Creating a group in LDAP with the same name and same GID and adding the user to that group (doesn't seem to work at all, things don't see the LDAP group members) Creating a group in LDAP with the same name and same GID then removing the local group (this works but upsets Debian's maintenance scripts during upgrades that check for local system sanity) What's the best practice for this scenario?

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• Defragment an Exchange Volume

  - by IceMage

  The Scenario: I use a dedicated volume (RAID volume) to store all of my data for my Exchange 2007 server. Today, out of curiosity, I decided to check up on how fragmented the files on this data volume were. To my surprise, the answer is extremely. So, a three part question: First and Foremost, SHOULD I defragment this volume (after a full backup of course)? Be specific as to why not if I should not, or reasons I absolutely should if I should. Second, about how much time should I allow for during this maintenance period per gigabyte. The drives are all 7200 RPM SATA drives on a Hardware RAID 5 controller (Perc 5i/6i, can't remember), the files are extremely fragmented. (Over 5000 file fragments per gigabyte). Third, is there something wrong here? It seems to me like the drive shouldn't be this fragmented. Could something be configured incorrectly that could be causing this to happen?

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• How much should a Systems Administrator be making?

  - by Curtis

  Hello, I'm a Sys Admin for a small (but successful and growing) company (~60 employees). I've got roughly 5-6 years of actual sys admin experience, plus another 5+ years of lower level work in the industry. I'm responsible for most everything above a helpdesk level in the company (server[windows]/network[cisco]/firewall/SAN[emc] setup/configuration/maintenance/troubleshooting), lead many projects, analyze system data -- I'm sure you've heard it all before...I have a bunch of certs, most are just "nice to have", but the ones that actually apply to my role are CCNA, MSCE, VCP (VMware). If things go wrong, I'm first in line to resolve the issue. I'm not management (no one reports to me). I've seen many of these sorts of questions online before, and I know the typical response is "too many variables, depends on location, industry type" etc etc. I'm just wondering (ballpark) what I should be looking for. I've tried to give as much detail as I can, but if I'm missing something, I'd be glad to post it. Thanks anyone.

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• Static error page served by nginx when my application is down

  - by dreeves

  If my (Rails) application is down or undergoing database maintenance or whatever, I'd like to specify at the nginx level to server a static page. So every URL like http://example.com/* should server a static html file, like /var/www/example/foo.html. Trying to specify that in my nginx config is giving me fits and infinite loops and whatnot. I'm trying things like location / { root /var/www/example; index foo.html; rewrite ^/.+$ foo.html; } How would you get every URL on your domain to serve a single static file?

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• Classic ASP on large memory server

  - by Steve Evans

  I have a client with a large ASP app that apparently is fairly memory intensive. I’m helping them migrate to new hardware they have running Win2k8 R2. They have 4 physical servers with 32gb of RAM each. I’m making the assumption that ASP apps run as a x32 process. So I see that we have two options: On the application pool enable web gardens. Use the physical servers as VM hosts and split the box into say 4 web servers each. Any thoughts on which path will provide us better performance? I’m just not really sure how ASP will handle a machine with lots of memory, and I’m worried it won’t really be able to address the memory well. (you can ignore all the obvious stuff like increased maintenance of 16 web servers vs 4, or the flexibility virtualization gets us over physical servers, etc)

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• Reimage PC: Myth or Fact to speeding up a slow PC?

  - by sunpech

  I have a 4-5 year old PC running Windows XP for software development at work. It struggles to run all development tools I need at the same time. Management feels I need to reimage my computer to "speed it up". The last time it was imaged was about 3 years ago. What resources books, websites, blogs, articles, etc are out there that supports/debunks this well known belief that reimaging an old PC running Windows XP will make it faster once again? A resource I remember reading is from Lifehacker.com: Windows Maintenance Tips: The Good, Bad And Useless

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• Installing and maintaining an email server

  - by Andrew

  I need to move hosting providers for four or five domains and for several reasons I'm considering a Linux VPS rather than staying with my current shared, managed hosting provider. The only thing that's stopping me is email. I have lots of experience running and maintaining Apache, but none with email servers. Based on some research, if I want to keep what I've using now, it looks like I'd be going with Postfix and Dovecot, and probably Exim and SpamAssassin. I have no problem performing regular maintenance and watching for security updates, but I don't want to bite off more than I can chew. For someone new to email services, how hard is it to set up an email server that is externally accessible (via SMTP and POP3, not IMAP), available over SSL/TLS and reasonably reliable for multiple domains? How much of a time commitment is it to maintain one?

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• Administer postgres from PGAdmin on remote mac using ssh tunnel

  - by Aidan Ewen

  I've got PostgreSQL installed on a Ubuntu server and I'm trying to connect to that server using PGAdmin on a remote macbook. I've created an ssh tunnel - macbook:~postgres$ ssh -L 5423:localhost:5432 [email protected] And I can connect using psql on the macbook as expected - macbook:~ me$ psql -U postgres -p 5423 -h localhost ... postgres=# In the 'New Server Registration' window on PGAdminIII I'm entering the following credentials - Name - MyServer Host - localhost Port - 5423 Maintenance DB - postgres Username - postgres Password - <remote_postgres_password> However the connection fails - Error connecting to the server: FATAL: password authentication failed for user "postgres" Not sure what's going on here, these seem to be the same credentials I've used for psql.

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• How to make security group in one forest show up in another forest?

  - by Jake

  I have two Win2k8 forests which I do maintenance on. The two forests have full 2 way external, non transitive trust with each other. I have a folder in forest X, domain countryX.mycompany.com accessible ONLY by the global security group named $group. In forest Y, domain countryY.mycompany.com, countryY\user1, countryY\user2 etc needs to have access to the folder. The natural instinct is to put user1, user2 etc into the $group. However, none of the methods for adding user to group works as it appears that the AD cannot find the groups in the other forest. Question: 1.How to make forests see each other's security groups and be able to add? 2.In practice, what is the recommended way to achieve the user access to the folders/files in another forest?

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• What can cause SQL 2008 Transaction Log Shipping to stop functioning?

  - by Rick

  I read somewhere that doing a backup or when Maintenance Plan runs can cause Log Shipping to stop functioning. Is this true? What should we watch out for once our Transaction Log Shipping is in place that could stop it? A Log Shipping test we were doing between two databases on the same SQL 2008 server appeared to stop working without any error. When we checked the History of the LSRestore_* job it was always ignoring the new *.trn files. Any suggestions? Thanks.

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• Windows 2008 Incoming Connection: Where/How is Server IPv4 address defined

  - by revelate

  We're evaluating a VM hosted externally which runs Windows Server 2008 R2 Web Server Edition and wish to access it via a VPN connection for maintenance and administration. RRAS isn't included in Web Server Edition, but it does have a form of VPN server called "Incoming Connections". This appears to work well and even supports multiple simultaneous connections. As we'll be using this VPN regularly we'd like to know if this is a viable solution or if we'd be better off upgrading to Standard Edition and full-fledged RRAS. In particular we're accessing the VM via the Private IP given by the Incoming Connection (currently 169.254.135.207) so we'd like know: if the server private IP might change every so often? if so is there any way to define it manually? or should we be using the server name rather than the private IP address? if so how can we be sure that it will resolve correctly? Name resolution over the "Incoming Connection" has worked on and off during our tests. Thanks for your help

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• Unmounting a zfs pool while it is shared with sharenfs

  - by Ted W.

  I have a Solaris (open indiana) system which is getting poor disk write performance. In order to enable ZIL in this version of zfs I need to add a line to /etc/system. This will not take affect until I've unmounted and remounted the zpool. The trick is that this spool is shared via nfs to about 200 other servers to host users' home directories. I can guarantee that no users will be accessing the disks during this period of maintenance but I would like to avoid having to issue an unmount for 200 systems in order to unmount the disk on the Solaris box. My question is, with sharenfs, is it necessary to have all systems disconnected before unmounting the filesystem on the host? If it's possible, how do you go about it? I've tried unmounting already, the normal way, and it reports the disk is busy. There is no lsof in Solaris and pfiles (I think that's what it was) does not show anything obviously using the mounts.

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• kerberos5 unable to authenticate

  - by wolfgangsz

  We have a Debian file server, configured to serve up samba shares, using winbind and kerberos. This is configured to authenticate against a Windows2003 DC. All worked fine until recently when I did a maintenance update on all packages. Since then, all attempts to connect to any of the shares (and also to just log into the box) fail. The logs contain this message, which seems to be at the root of the evil: [2009/09/14 12:04:29, 10] libsmb/clikrb5.c:get_krb5_smb_session_key(685) Got KRB5 session key of length 16 [2009/09/14 12:04:29, 10] libsmb/clikrb5.c:unwrap_pac(280) authorization data is not a Windows PAC (type: 141) [2009/09/14 12:04:29, 3] libads/kerberos_verify.c:ads_verify_ticket(430) ads_verify_ticket: did not retrieve auth data. continuing without PAC From there on it fails to find the user account on the DC, subsequently remaps the user to user nobody and then (rightly) refuses to grant access to the share. However, the following works just fine: wbinfo -a user%password I was wondering whether anybody has had this problem and could provide some insight. I would be happy to provide neutralised config files.

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• What are the best code-less website design sites available?

  - by Ken Pespisa

  I'm looking for an alternative to www.squarespace.com. Squarespace is great, but leans slightly toward the social networking industry. I'm looking for a simple way to build Web sites for small businesses. The criteria is the following: Requires no programming knowledge. No software to download - all design and maintenance can be done via browser Has a good selection of templates and layouts Essentially I'm looking for the features within Typepad.com or WordPress.com, but instead of focusing around a blog it would help build a more traditional Web site.

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• Cross-platform distributed fault-tolerant (disconnected operation/local cache) filesystem

  - by Adrian Frühwirth

  We are facing a design "challenge" where we are required to set up a storage solution with the following properties: What we need HA a scalable storage backend offline/disconnected operation on the client to account for network outages cross-platform access client-side access from certainly Windows (probably XP upwards), possibly Linux backend integrates with AD/LDAP (permission management (user/group management, ...)) should work reasonably well over slow WAN-links Another problem is that we don't really know all possible use cases here, if people need to be able to have concurrent access to shared files or if they will only be accessing their own files, so a possible solution needs to account for concurrent access and how conflict management would look in this case from a user's point of view. This two years old blog posts sums up the impression that I have been getting during the last couple of days of research, that there are lots of current übercool projects implementing (non-Windows) clustered petabyte-capable blob-storage solutions but that there is none that supports disconnected operation nicely and natively, but I am hoping that we have missed an obvious solution. What we have tried OpenAFS We figured that we want a distributed network filesystem with a local cache and tested OpenAFS (which, as the only currently "stable" DFS supporting disconnected operation, seemed the way to go) for a week but there are several problems with it: it's a real pain to set up there are no official RHEL/CentOS packages the package of the current stable version 1.6.5.1 from elrepo randomly kernel panics on fresh installs, this is an absolute no-go Windows support (including the required Kerberos packages) is mystical. The current client for the 1.6 branch does not run on Windows 8, the current client for the 1.7 does but it just randomly crashes. After that experience we didn't even bother testing on XP and Windows 7. Suffice to say, we couldn't get it working and the whole setup has been so unstable and complicated to setup that it's just not an option for production. Samba + Unison Since OpenAFS was a complete disaster and no other DFS seems to support disconnected operation we went for a simpler idea that would sync files against a Samba server using Unison. This has the following advantages: Samba integrates with ADs; it's a pain but can be done. Samba solves the problem of remotely accessing the storage from Windows but introduces another SPOF and does not address the actual storage problem. We could probably stick any clustered FS underneath Samba, but that means we need a HA Samba setup on top of that to maintain HA which probably adds a lot of additional complexity. I vaguely remember trying to implement redundancy with Samba before and I could not silently failover between servers. Even when online, you are working with local files which will result in more conflicts than would be necessary if a local cache were only touched when disconnected It's not automatic. We cannot expect users to manually sync their files using the (functional, but not-so-pretty) GTK GUI on a regular basis. I attempted to semi-automate the process using the Windows task scheduler, but you cannot really do it in a satisfactory way. On top of that, the way Unison works makes syncing against Samba a costly operation, so I am afraid that it just doesn't scale very well or even at all. Samba + "Offline Files" After that we became a little desparate and gave Windows "offline files" a chance. We figured that having something that is inbuilt into the OS would reduce administrative efforts, helps blaming someone else when it's not working properly and should just work since people have been using this for years. Right? Wrong. We really wanted it to work, but it just doesn't. 30 minutes of copying files around and unplugging network cables/disabling network interfaces left us with (silent! there is only a tiny notification in Windows explorer in the statusbar, which doesn't even open Sync Center if you click on it!) undeletable files on the server (!) and conflicts that should not even be conflicts. In the end, we had one successful sync of a tiny text file, everything else just exploded horribly. Beyond that, there are other problems: Microsoft admits that "offline files" in Windows XP cannot cope with "large files" and therefore does not cache/sync them at all which would mean those files become unavailable if the connection drop In Windows 7 the feature is only available in the Professional/Ultimate/Enterprise editions. Summary Unless there is another fault-tolerant DFS that supports Windows natively I assume that stacking a HA Samba cluster on top of something like GlusterFS/Lustre/whatnot is the only option, but I hope that I am wrong here. How do other companies allow fault-tolerant network access to redundant storage in a heterogeneous environment with Windows?

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