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  • Is there a workaround for Linux mono's refusal to acknowledge that I have resized the columns of my

    - by fantius
    When I resize a column, it does not redraw the data with the updated alignment. I've tried Invalidating, Refreshing, and a few other things. Nothing has worked. Does anyone know a workaround? I have not tried this in mono for Windows. To see what I mean, drop this control on a form, and run it in mono for Linux: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Drawing; class MyListView : ListView { private readonly List<ListViewItem> items_ = new List<ListViewItem>(); public MyListView() { VirtualMode = true; Columns.Add("Col 1"); Columns.Add("Col 2"); Columns.Add("Col 3"); Add(new ListViewItem(new[] { "a", "b", "c" })); Add(new ListViewItem(new[] { "a", "b", "c" })); Add(new ListViewItem(new[] { "a", "b", "c" })); Add(new ListViewItem(new[] { "a", "b", "c" })); Add(new ListViewItem(new[] { "a", "b", "c" })); } protected override void OnRetrieveVirtualItem(RetrieveVirtualItemEventArgs e) { e.Item = items_[e.ItemIndex]; base.OnRetrieveVirtualItem(e); } public void Add(ListViewItem item) { items_.Add(item); VirtualListSize = items_.Count; } protected override void OnDrawColumnHeader(DrawListViewColumnHeaderEventArgs e) { e.DrawText(); base.OnDrawColumnHeader(e); } protected override void OnDrawSubItem(DrawListViewSubItemEventArgs e) { var text = ((ListViewItem.ListViewSubItem)e.SubItem).Text; using (var brush = new SolidBrush(e.SubItem.ForeColor)) { e.Graphics.DrawString(text, Font, brush, e.Bounds); } base.OnDrawSubItem(e); } protected override void OnColumnWidthChanged(ColumnWidthChangedEventArgs e) { base.OnColumnWidthChanged(e); Invalidate(true); // Nope, that didn't work Refresh(); // Nope, that didn't work } }

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  • Group / User based security. Table / SQL question

    - by Brett
    Hi, I'm setting up a group / user based security system. I have 4 tables as follows: user groups group_user_mappings acl where acl is the mapping between an item_id and either a group or a user. The way I've done the acl table, I have 3 columns of note (actually 4th one as an auto-id, but that is irrelevant) col 1 item_id (item to access) col 3 user_id (user that is allowed to access) col 3 group_id (group that is allowed to access) So for example item1, peter, , item2, , group1 item3, jane, , so either the acl will give access to a user or a group. Any one line in the ACL table with either have an item - user mapping, or an item group. If I want to have a query that returns all objects a user has access to, I think I need to have a SQL query with a UNION, because I need 2 separate queries that join like.. item - acl - group - user AND item - acl - user This I guess will work OK. Is this how its normally done? Am I doing this the right way? Seems a little messy. I was thinking I could get around it by creating a single user group for each person, so I only ever deal with groups in my SQL, but this seems a little messy as well..

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  • Avoid IF statement after condition has been met

    - by greye
    I have a division operation inside a cycle that repeats many times. It so happens that in the first few passes through the loop (more or less first 10 loops) the divisor is zero. Once it gains value, a div by zero error is not longer possible. I have an if condition to test the divisor value in order to avoid the div by zero, but I am wondering that there is a performance impact that evaluating this if will have for each run in subsequent loops, especially since I know it's of no use anymore. How should this be coded? in Python?

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  • Converting ntext to nvcharmax(max) - Getting around size limitation

    - by Overflew
    Hi all, I'm trying to change an existing SQL NText column to nvcharmax(max), and encountering an error on the size limit. There's a large amount of existing data, some of which is more than the 8k limit, I believe. We're looking to convert this, so that the field is searchable in LINQ. The 2x SQL statements I've tried are: update Table set dataNVarChar = convert(nvarchar(max), dataNtext) where dataNtext is not null update Table set dataNVarChar = cast(dataNtext as nvarchar(max)) where dataNtext is not null And the error I get is: Cannot create a row of size 8086 which is greater than the allowable maximum row size of 8060. This is using SQL Server 2008. Any help appreciated, Thanks. Update / Solution: The marked answer below is correct, and SQL 2008 can change the column to the correct data type in my situation, and there are no dramas with the LINQ-utilising application we use on top of it: alter table [TBL] alter column [COL] nvarchar(max) I've also been advised to follow it up with: update [TBL] set [COL] = [COL] Which completes the conversion by moving the data from the lob structure to the table (if the length in less than 8k), which improves performance / keeps things proper.

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  • How can I simply change a class variable from another class in ObjectiveC?

    - by Daniel
    I simply want to change a variable of an object from another class. I can compile without a problem, but my variable always is set to 'null'. I used the following code: Object.h: @interface Object : NSObject { //... NSString *color; //... } @property(nonatomic, retain) NSString* color; + (id)Object; - (void)setColor:(NSString*)col; - (NSString*)getColor; @end Object.m: +(id)Object{ return [[[Object alloc] init] autorelease]; } - (void)setColor:(NSString*)col { self.color = col; } - (NSString*)getColor { return self.color; } MyViewController.h #import "Object.h" @interface ClassesTestViewController : UIViewController { Object *myObject; UILabel *label1; } @property UILabel *label1; @property (assign) Object *myObject; @end MyViewController.m: #import "Object.h" @implementation MyViewController @synthesize myObject; - (void)viewDidLoad { [myObject setColor:@"red"]; NSLog(@"Color = %@", [myObject getColor]); [super viewDidLoad]; } The NSLog message is always Color = (null) I tried many different ways to solve this problem, but no success. Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Why does RIGHT(@foostr, 0) return NULL when @foostr is varchar(max)?

    - by bob-montgomery
    In SQL Server 2005 If I want to find the right-most one character of a varchar(max) variable, no problem: declare @foostr varchar(max) set @foostr = 'abcd' select right (@foostr, 1) ---- d If I want to find the right-most zero characters of a string literal, no problem: select right ('abcd', 0) ------------------ It returns an empty string. If I want to find the right-most zero characters of a varchar(10), no problem: declare @foostr varchar(10) set @foostr = 'abcd' select right (@foostr, 0) ---- It returns an empty string. If I want to find the right-most zero characters of a varchar(max), well: declare @foostr varchar(max) set @foostr = 'abcd' select right (@foostr, 0) ---- NULL It returns NULL. Why?

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  • OpenCL Matrix Multiplication - Getting wrong answer

    - by Yash
    here's a simple OpenCL Matrix Multiplication kernel which is driving me crazy: __kernel void matrixMul( __global int* C, __global int* A, __global int* B, int wA, int wB){ int row = get_global_id(1); //2D Threas ID x int col = get_global_id(0); //2D Threas ID y //Perform dot-product accumulated into value int value; for ( int k = 0; k < wA; k++ ){ value += A[row*wA + k] * B[k*wB+col]; } C[row*wA+col] = value; //Write to the device memory } Where (inputs) A = [72 45 75 61] B = [26 53 46 76] Output I am getting: C = [3942 7236 3312 5472] But the output should be: C = [3943 7236 4756 8611] The problem I am facing here is that for any dimension array the elements of the first row of the resulting matrix is correct. The elements of all the other rows of the resulting matrix is wrong. By the way I am using pyopencl. I don't know what I mistake I am doing here. I have spent the entire day with no luck. Please help me with this

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  • T4 trouble compiling transformation

    - by John Leidegren
    I can't figure this one out. Why doesn't T4 locate the IEnumerable type? I'm using Visual Studio 2010. And I just hope someone knows why? <#@ template debug="true" hostspecific="false" language="C#" #> <#@ assembly name="System.Data, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" #> <#@ import namespace="System" #> <#@ import namespace="System.Data" #> <#@ import namespace="System.Data.SqlClient" #> <#@ output extension=".cs" #> public static class Tables { <# var q = @" SELECT tbl.name 'table', col.name 'column' FROM sys.tables tbl INNER JOIN sys.columns col ON col.object_id = tbl.object_id "; // var source = Execute(q); #> } <#+ static IEnumerable Execute(string cmdText) { using (var conn = new SqlConnection(@"Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;Initial Catalog=t4build;Integrated Security=True;")) { conn.Open(); var cmd = new SqlCommand(cmdText, conn); using (var reader = cmd.ExecuteReader()) { while (reader.Read()) { } } } } #> Error 2 Compiling transformation: The type or namespace name 'IEnumerable' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) c:\Projects\T4BuildApp\T4BuildApp\TextTemplate1.tt 26 9

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  • Translate to MIPS

    - by user2334400
    HELP Translate A[i] = B[i-1] + B[i] + B[i+1] to MIPS the address of array A is $s1 the address of array B is $s2 the value of i is $s3 lb $s1,0($s3) # $s1=A[i] lb $s2,0($s3) # $s2=B[i] sb $s2,0($s3) # store s2 add $t0, $zero, $s2 #t0=B[i] addi $s3,$s3,-1 #i=i-1 lb $s2 0($s3) #$s2=B[i-1] add $t1,$zero,$s2 #t1=B[i-1] add $s1,$t0,$t1 #A[i]=B[i-1]+B[i] addi $s3,$s3,2 #i+1 lb $s2,0($s3) #s2=B[i+1] add $t2,$zero,$s2 #t2=B[i+1] add $s1,$s1,$t2 #A[i] = t1 + B[i+1] sb $s1 I know this is kind of mess, but it's the best i can write

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  • My kernel only works in block (0,0)

    - by ZeroDivide
    I am trying to write a simple matrixMultiplication application that multiplies two square matrices using CUDA. I am having a problem where my kernel is only computing correctly in block (0,0) of the grid. This is my invocation code: dim3 dimBlock(4,4,1); dim3 dimGrid(4,4,1); //Launch the kernel; MatrixMulKernel<<<dimGrid,dimBlock>>>(Md,Nd,Pd,Width); This is my Kernel function __global__ void MatrixMulKernel(int* Md, int* Nd, int* Pd, int Width) { const int tx = threadIdx.x; const int ty = threadIdx.y; const int bx = blockIdx.x; const int by = blockIdx.y; const int row = (by * blockDim.y + ty); const int col = (bx * blockDim.x + tx); //Pvalue stores the Pd element that is computed by the thread int Pvalue = 0; for (int k = 0; k < Width; k++) { Pvalue += Md[row * Width + k] * Nd[k * Width + col]; } __syncthreads(); //Write the matrix to device memory each thread writes one element Pd[row * Width + col] = Pvalue; } I think the problem may have something to do with memory but I'm a bit lost. What should I do to make this code work across several blocks?

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  • How to make zebra table with Sphinx? Or how to use jQuery with Sphinx?

    - by prosseek
    I think the table generated from Sphinx is not pretty, as it produces the following HTML code for table. <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="43%" /> <col width="29%" /> <col width="29%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr><th class="head">Graph</th> <th class="head">HIR</th> <th class="head">AIR</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td>Graph</td> <td>Circuit</td> <td>System</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> How can I turn in into pretty one, for example, zebra table? The HTML generated html has the jQuery, and according to this site, it's just one line of code to have a zebra table, but I'm not sure how to use jQuery to make a zebra table. $("tr:nth-child(odd)").addClass("odd"); Q: How to use jQuery with Sphinx? Q: Is there any other way to have a zebra table with Sphinx?

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  • Click a button in another application

    - by sam
    I want yo use SendMessage or PostMessage to press a button in another app i have a sample code to do this but by getting Window Handle, but don't work also i used "WinDowse" to get required info. here is the code private const uint BM_CLICK = 0x00F5; private const uint WM_LBUTTONDOWN = 0x0201; private const uint WM_LBUTTONUP = 0x0202; private void PushOKButton(IntPtr ptrWindow) { WindowHandle = FindWindow(null, "Form1"); if (ptrWindow == IntPtr.Zero) return; IntPtr ptrOKButton = FindWindowEx(ptrWindow, IntPtr.Zero, "Button", "&Yes"); if (ptrOKButton == IntPtr.Zero) return; SendMessage(ptrOKButton, WM_LBUTTONDOWN, 0, 0); SendMessage(ptrOKButton, WM_LBUTTONUP, 0, 0); SendMessage(ptrOKButton, BM_CLICK, 0, 0); } is There a Compelete Suloution in c# ?

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  • Connect 4 C# (How to draw the grid)

    - by Matt Wilde
    I've worked out most of the code and have several game classes. The one bit I'm stuck on at the moment, it how to draw the actual Connect 4 grid. Can anyone tell me what's wrong with this for loop? I get no errors but the grid doesn't appear. I'm using C#. private void Drawgrid() { Brush b = Brushes.Black; Pen p = Pens.Black; for (int xCoor = XStart, col = 0; xCoor < XStart + ColMax * DiscSpace; xCoor += DiscSpace, col++) // x coordinate beginning; while the x coordinate is smaller than the max column size, times it by // the space between each disc and then add the x coord to the disc space in order to create a new circle. for (int yCoor = YStart, row = RowMax - 1; yCoor < YStart + RowMax * DiscScale; yCoor += DiscScale, row--) { switch (Grid.State[row, col]) { case GameGrid.Gridvalues.Red: b = Brushes.Red; break; case GameGrid.Gridvalues.Yellow: b = Brushes.Yellow; break; case GameGrid.Gridvalues.None: b = Brushes.Aqua; break; } MainDisplay.DrawEllipse(p, xCoor, yCoor, 50, 50); MainDisplay.FillEllipse(b, xCoor, yCoor, 50, 50); } Invalidate(); } Thanks.

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  • Choropleth mapping issue in R

    - by chasec
    I am trying to follow the tutorial described here: http://www.thisisthegreenroom.com/2009/choropleths-in-r/ The below code executes, but it is either not matching my dataset with the maps_counties data properly, or it isn't plotting it in the order I would expect. For example, the resulting areas for the greater NYC area show no density while random counties in PA show the highest density. The general format of my data table is: county state count fairfield connecticut 17 hartford connecticut 6 litchfield connecticut 3 new haven connecticut 12 ... ... westchester new york 70 yates new york 1 luzerne pennsylvania 1 Note this data is in order by state and then county and includes data for CT, NJ, NY, & PA. First, I read in my data set: library(maps) library(RColorBrewer) d <- read.table("gissum.txt", sep="\t", header=TRUE) #Concatenate state and county info to match maps library d$stcon <- paste(d$state, d$county, sep=",") #Color bins colors = brewer.pal(5, "PuBu") d$colorBuckets <- as.factor(as.numeric(cut(d$count,c(0,10,20,30,40,50,300)))) Here is my matching mapnames <- map("county",plot=FALSE)[4]$names colorsmatched <- d$colorBuckets [na.omit(match(mapnames ,d$stcon))] Plotting: map("county" ,c("new york","new jersey", "connecticut", "pennsylvania") ,col = colors[d$colorBuckets[na.omit(match(mapnames ,d$stcon))]] ,fill = TRUE ,resolution = 0 ,lty = 0 ,lwd= 0.5 ) map("state" ,c("new york","new jersey", "connecticut", "pennsylvania") ,col = "black" ,fill=FALSE ,add=TRUE ,lty=1 ,lwd=2 ) map("county" ,c("new york","new jersey", "connecticut", "pennsylvania") ,col = "black" ,fill=FALSE ,add=TRUE , lty=1 , lwd=.5 ) title(main="Respondent Home ZIP Codes by County") I am sure I am missing something basic re: the order in which the maps function plots items - but I can't seem to figure it out. Thanks for the help. Please let me know if you need any more information.

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  • What is the result of "new int[ 0 ]"? [closed]

    - by ArunSaha
    Possible Duplicates: What does zero-sized array allocation do/mean? C++ new int[0] — will it allocate memory? int * p; p = new int[ 0 ]; What is the expected outcome when new is called for zero number of elements? Is the outcome defined or undefined? Further, is it okay to call delete [] p; on that pointer? What is the intuition/analogy to this situation of pointer to an array of zero elements? Thanks in advance. Regards, Arun

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  • How do I select column(s) by their "numeric" position in a table?

    - by DulcimerDude
    I am trying to select columns by their "x" position in the table. DBI my $example = $hookup->prepare(qq{SELECT This,That,Condition,"I also want COLUMN-10" FROM tbl LIMIT ? ?}); ###column_number=10 ordinal_position?? $example->execute('2','10') or die "Did not execute"; Is this possible or do I need to run another single select to just that column? One problem I encountered was with a col named "Condition". For some reason, when I tried to select Condition the execute would die. I never attempted but, What if the column name was SELECT? Another note is the table is 75 cols wide and I only need 50 of them. The Col names are pretty verbose so, I would like to just call them by their "position". This would also allow the col names to be changed in the future without having to change the select statement. I am quite the newbie so please explain any answers down to my level. Thanks for any assistance..

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  • replacing elements horizontally and vertically in a 2D array

    - by wello horld
    the code below ask for the user's input for the 2D array size and prints out something like this: (say an 18x6 grid) .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. code starts here: #include <stdio.h> #define MAX 10 int main() { char grid[MAX][MAX]; int i,j,row,col; printf("Please enter your grid size: "); scanf("%d %d", &row, &col); for (i = 0; i < row; i++) { for (j = 0; j < col; j++) { grid[i][j] = '.'; printf("%c ", grid[i][j]); } printf("\n"); } return 0; } I now ask the user for a string, then ask them where to put it for example: Please enter grid size: 18 6 Please enter word: Hello Please enter location: 0 0 Output: Hello............. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. Please enter location: 3 4 Output: .................. .................. .................. ..Hello........... .................. .................. program just keeps going. Any thoughts on how to modify the code for this? PS: Vertical seems way hard, but I want to start on horizontal first to have something to work on.

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  • data type trouble in php

    - by user225269
    I don't know why but the data type in this code makes a trouble when the id in the url starts with the number zero like this: http://localhost/exp/update.php?id=03A43 In this case the id is 03A43. And my query looks like this: mysql_select_db("school", $con); $result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM student WHERE IDNO=".(int)$_GET['id']); ?> There is no problem in the design if the id does not start with the number zero. What might be the proper data type for numbers beginning in zero?

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  • Display continious dates in Pivot Chart

    - by Douglas
    I have a set of data in a pivot table with date times and events. I've made a pivot chart with this data, and grouped the data by day and year, then display a count of events for each day. So, my horizontal axis goes from 19 March 2007 to 11 May 2010, and my vertical axis is numeric, going from zero to 140. For some days, I have zero events. These days don't seem to be shown on the horizontal axis, so 2008 is narrower than 2009. How do I display a count of zero for days with no events? I'd like my horizontal axis to be continuous, so that it does not miss any days, and every month ends up taking up the same amount of horizontal space. (This question is similar to the unanswered question here, but I'd rather not generate a table of all the days in the last x number of years just to get a smooth plot!)

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  • zeroing out memory

    - by robUK
    Hello, gcc 4.4.4 c89 I am just wondering what most c programmers do when they want to zero out memory. For example I have a buffer of 1024 bytes. Sometimes I do this: char buffer[1024] = {0}; Which will zero all bytes. However, should I declare like this and use memset? char buffer[1024]; . . memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer); Is there any real reason you have to zero the memory? What is the worst that can happen by not doing it? Many thanks for any suggestions,

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  • Java Matrix Transpose strangeness going on

    - by user1459976
    ok so im making my own Matrix class. and i have a transpose method that transposes a matrix. this is the block in the main method Matrix m1 = new Matrix(4,2); m1.fillMatrix(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8); System.out.println("before " + m1.toString()); m1.transpose(); System.out.println("after " + m1.toString()); this is where it gets messed up, at m1.transpose(); in the transpose() method public Matrix transpose() { if(isMatrix2) { Matrix tempMatrix = new Matrix(row, col); // matrix2 contents are emptied once this line is executed for(int i=0; i < row; i++) { for(int j=0; j < col; j++) tempMatrix.matrix2[i][j] = matrix2[i][j]; } so for some reason, the tempMatrix.matrix2 has the same id as this.matrix2. so when the codes executes Matrix tempMatrix = new Matrix(row,col); then the contents of this.matrix2 is emptied. anyone know what might be going on here?

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  • Win conditions for a connect-4 like game

    - by FrozenWasteland
    I have an 5x10 array that is populated with random values 1-5. I want to be able to check when 3 numbers, either horizontally, or vertically, match. I can't figure out a way to do this without writing a ton of if statements. Here is the code for the randomly populated array int i; int rowincrement = 10; int row = 0; int col = 5; int board[10][5]; int randomnum = 5; int main(int argc, char * argv[]) { srand(time(NULL)); cout << "============\n"; while(row < rowincrement) { for(i = 0; i < 5; i++) { board[row][col] = rand()%5 + 1; cout << board[row][col] << " "; } cout << endl; cout << "============\n"; row++; } cout << endl; return 0; }

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  • Fixing Robocopy for SQL Server Jobs

    - by Most Valuable Yak (Rob Volk)
    Robocopy is one of, if not the, best life-saving/greatest-thing-since-sliced-bread command line utilities ever to come from Microsoft.  If you're not using it already, what are you waiting for? Of course, being a Microsoft product, it's not exactly perfect. ;)  Specifically, it sets the ERRORLEVEL to a non-zero value even if the copy is successful.  This causes a problem in SQL Server job steps, since non-zero ERRORLEVELs report as failed. You can work around this by having your SQL job go to the next step on failure, but then you can't determine if there was a genuine error.  Plus you still see annoying red X's in your job history.  One way I've found to avoid this is to use a batch file that runs Robocopy, and I add some commands after it (in red): robocopy d:\backups \\BackupServer\BackupFolder *.bak rem suppress successful robocopy exit statuses, only report genuine errors (bitmask 16 and 8 settings)set/A errlev="%ERRORLEVEL% & 24" rem exit batch file with errorlevel so SQL job can succeed or fail appropriatelyexit/B %errlev% (The REM statements are simply comments and don't need to be included in the batch file) The SET command lets you use expressions when you use the /A switch.  So I set an environment variable "errlev" to a bitwise AND with the ERRORLEVEL value. Robocopy's exit codes use a bitmap/bitmask to specify its exit status.  The bits for 1, 2, and 4 do not indicate any kind of failure, but 8 and 16 do.  So by adding 16 + 8 to get 24, and doing a bitwise AND, I suppress any of the other bits that might be set, and allow either or both of the error bits to pass. The next step is to use the EXIT command with the /B switch to set a new ERRORLEVEL value, using the "errlev" variable.  This will now return zero (unless Robocopy had real errors) and allow your SQL job step to report success. This technique should also work for other command-line utilities.  The only issues I've found is that it requires the commands to be part of a batch file, so if you use Robocopy directly in your SQL job step you'd need to place it in a batch.  If you also have multiple Robocopy calls, you'll need to place the SET/A command ONLY after the last one.  You'd therefore lose any errors from previous calls, unless you use multiple "errlev" variables and AND them together. (I'll leave this as an exercise for the reader) The SET/A syntax also permits other kinds of expressions to be calculated.  You can get a full list by running "SET /?" on a command prompt.

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  • Replacing “if”s with your own number system

    - by Michael Williamson
    During our second code retreat at Red Gate, the restriction for one of the sessions was disallowing the use of if statements. That includes other constructs that have the same effect, such as switch statements or loops that will only be executed zero or one times. The idea is to encourage use of polymorphism instead, and see just how far it can be used to get rid of “if”s. The main place where people struggled to get rid of numbers from their implementation of Conway’s Game of Life was the piece of code that decides whether a cell is live or dead in the next generation. For instance, for a cell that’s currently live, the code might look something like this: if (numberOfNeighbours == 2 || numberOfNeighbours == 3) { return CellState.LIVE; } else { return CellState.DEAD; } The problem is that we need to change behaviour depending on the number of neighbours each cell has, but polymorphism only allows us to switch behaviour based on the type of a value. It follows that the solution is to make different numbers have different types: public interface IConwayNumber { IConwayNumber Increment(); CellState LiveCellNextGeneration(); } public class Zero : IConwayNumber { public IConwayNumber Increment() { return new One(); } public CellState LiveCellNextGeneration() { return CellState.DEAD; } } public class One : IConwayNumber { public IConwayNumber Increment() { return new Two(); } public CellState LiveCellNextGeneration() { return CellState.LIVE; } } public class Two : IConwayNumber { public IConwayNumber Increment() { return new ThreeOrMore(); } public CellState LiveCellNextGeneration() { return CellState.LIVE; } } public class ThreeOrMore : IConwayNumber { public IConwayNumber Increment() { return this; } public CellState LiveCellNextGeneration() { return CellState.DEAD; } } In the code that counts the number of neighbours, we use our new number system by starting with Zero and incrementing when we find a neighbour. To choose the next state of the cell, rather than inspecting the number of neighbours, we ask the number of neighbours for the next state directly: return numberOfNeighbours.LiveCellNextGeneration(); And now we have no “if”s! If C# had double-dispatch, or if we used the visitor pattern, we could move the logic for choosing the next cell out of the number classes, which might feel a bit more natural. I suspect that reimplementing the natural numbers is still going to feel about the same amount of crazy though.

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  • What Every Developer Should Know About MSI Components

    - by Alois Kraus
    Hopefully nothing. But if you have to do more than simple XCopy deployment and you need to support updates, upgrades and perhaps side by side scenarios there is no way around MSI. You can create Msi files with a Visual Studio Setup project which is severely limited or you can use the Windows Installer Toolset. I cannot talk about WIX with my German colleagues because WIX has a very special meaning. It is funny to always use the long name when I talk about deployment possibilities. Alternatively you can buy commercial tools which help you to author Msi files but I am not sure how good they are. Given enough pain with existing solutions you can also learn the MSI Apis and create your own packaging solution. If I were you I would use either a commercial visual tool when you do easy deployments or use the free Windows Installer Toolset. Once you know the WIX schema you can create well formed wix xml files easily with any editor. Then you can “compile” from the wxs files your Msi package. Recently I had the “pleasure” to get my hands dirty with C++ (again) and the MSI technology. Installation is a complex topic but after several month of digging into arcane MSI issues I can safely say that there should exist an easier way to install and update files as today. I am not alone with this statement as John Robbins (creator of the cool tool Paraffin) states: “.. It's a brittle and scary API in Windows …”. To help other people struggling with installation issues I present you the advice I (and others) found useful and what will happen if you ignore this advice. What is a MSI file? A MSI file is basically a database with tables which reference each other to control how your un/installation should work. The basic idea is that you declare via these tables what you want to install and MSI controls the how to get your stuff onto or off your machine. Your “stuff” consists usually of files, registry keys, shortcuts and environment variables. Therefore the most important tables are File, Registry, Environment and Shortcut table which define what will be un/installed. The key to master MSI is that every resource (file, registry key ,…) is associated with a MSI component. The actual payload consists of compressed files in the CAB format which can either be embedded into the MSI file or reside beside the MSI file or in a subdirectory below it. To examine MSI files you need Orca a free MSI editor provided by MS. There is also another free editor called Super Orca which does support diffs between MSI and it does not lock the MSI files. But since Orca comes with a shell extension I tend to use only Orca because it is so easy to right click on a MSI file and open it with this tool. How Do I Install It? Double click it. This does work for fresh installations as well as major upgrades. Updates need to be installed via the command line via msiexec /i <msi> REINSTALL=ALL REINSTALLMODE=vomus   This tells the installer to reinstall all already installed features (new features will NOT be installed). The reinstallmode letters do force an overwrite of the old cached package in the %WINDIR%\Installer folder. All files, shortcuts and registry keys are redeployed if they are missing or need to be replaced with a newer version. When things did go really wrong and you want to overwrite everything unconditionally use REINSTALLMODE=vamus. How To Enable MSI Logs? You can download a MSI from Microsoft which installs some registry keys to enable full MSI logging. The log files can be found in your %TEMP% folder and are called MSIxxxx.log. Alternatively you can add to your msiexec command line the option msiexec …. /l*vx <LogFileName> Personally I find it rather strange that * does not mean full logging. To really get all logs I need to add v and x which is documented in the msiexec help but I still find this behavior unintuitive. What are MSI components? The whole MSI logic is bound to the concept of MSI components. Nearly every msi table has a Component column which binds an installable resource to a component. Below are the screenshots of the FeatureComponents and Component table of an example MSI. The Feature table defines basically the feature hierarchy.  To find out what belongs to a feature you need to look at the FeatureComponents table where for each feature the components are listed which will be installed when a feature is installed. The MSI components are defined in the  Component table. This table has as first column the component name and as second column the component id which is a GUID. All resources you want to install belong to a MSI component. Therefore nearly all MSI tables have a Component_ column which contains the component name. If you look e.g. a the File table you see that every file belongs to a component which is true for all other tables which install resources. The component table is the glue between all other tables which contain the resources you want to install. So far so easy. Why is MSI then so complex? Most MSI problems arise from the fact that you did violate a MSI component rule in one or the other way. When you install a feature the reference count for all components belonging to this feature will increase by one. If your component is installed by more than one feature it will get a higher refcount. When you uninstall a feature its refcount will drop by one. Interesting things happen if the component reference count reaches zero: Then all associated resources will be deleted. That looks like a reasonable thing and it is. What it makes complex are the strange component rules you have to follow. Below are some important component rules from the Tao of the Windows Installer … Rule 16: Follow Component Rules Components are a very important part of the Installer technology. They are the means whereby the Installer manages the resources that make up your application. The SDK provides the following guidelines for creating components in your package: Never create two components that install a resource under the same name and target location. If a resource must be duplicated in multiple components, change its name or target location in each component. This rule should be applied across applications, products, product versions, and companies. Two components must not have the same key path file. This is a consequence of the previous rule. The key path value points to a particular file or folder belonging to the component that the installer uses to detect the component. If two components had the same key path file, the installer would be unable to distinguish which component is installed. Two components however may share a key path folder. Do not create a version of a component that is incompatible with all previous versions of the component. This rule should be applied across applications, products, product versions, and companies. Do not create components containing resources that will need to be installed into more than one directory on the user’s system. The installer installs all of the resources in a component into the same directory. It is not possible to install some resources into subdirectories. Do not include more than one COM server per component. If a component contains a COM server, this must be the key path for the component. Do not specify more than one file per component as a target for the Start menu or a Desktop shortcut. … And these rules do not even talk about component ids, update packages and upgrades which you need to understand as well. Lets suppose you install two MSIs (MSI1 and MSI2) which have the same ComponentId but different component names. Both do install the same file. What will happen when you uninstall MSI2?   Hm the file should stay there. But the component names are different. Yes and yes. But MSI uses not use the component name as key for the refcount. Instead the ComponentId column of the Component table which contains a GUID is used as identifier under which the refcount is stored. The components Comp1 and Comp2 are identical from the MSI perspective. After the installation of both MSIs the Component with the Id {100000….} has a refcount of two. After uninstallation of one MSI there is still a refcount of one which drops to zero just as expected when we uninstall the last msi. Then the file which was the same for both MSIs is deleted. You should remember that MSI keeps a refcount across MSIs for components with the same component id. MSI does manage components not the resources you did install. The resources associated with a component are then and only then deleted when the refcount of the component reaches zero.   The dependencies between features, components and resources can be described as relations. m,k are numbers >= 1, n can be 0. Inside a MSI the following relations are valid Feature    1  –> n Components Component    1 –> m Features Component      1  –>  k Resources These relations express that one feature can install several components and features can share components between them. Every (meaningful) component will install at least one resource which means that its name (primary key to stay in database speak) does occur in some other table in the Component column as value which installs some resource. Lets make it clear with an example. We want to install with the feature MainFeature some files a registry key and a shortcut. We can then create components Comp1..3 which are referenced by the resources defined in the corresponding tables.   Feature Component Registry File Shortcuts MainFeature Comp1 RegistryKey1     MainFeature Comp2   File.txt   MainFeature Comp3   File2.txt Shortcut to File2.txt   It is illegal that the same resource is part of more than one component since this would break the refcount mechanism. Lets illustrate this:            Feature ComponentId Resource Reference Count Feature1 {1000-…} File1.txt 1 Feature2 {2000-….} File1.txt 1 The installation part works well but what happens when you uninstall Feature2? Component {20000…} gets a refcount of zero where MSI deletes all resources belonging to this component. In this case File1.txt will be deleted. But Feature1 still has another component {10000…} with a refcount of one which means that the file was deleted too early. You just have ruined your installation. To fix it you then need to click on the Repair button under Add/Remove Programs to let MSI reinstall any missing registry keys, files or shortcuts. The vigilant reader might has noticed that there is more in the Component table. Beside its name and GUID it has also an installation directory, attributes and a KeyPath. The KeyPath is a reference to a file or registry key which is used to detect if the component is already installed. This becomes important when you repair or uninstall a component. To find out if the component is already installed MSI checks if the registry key or file referenced by the KeyPath property does exist. When it does not exist it assumes that it was either already uninstalled (can lead to problems during uninstall) or that it is already installed and all is fine. Why is this detail so important? Lets put all files into one component. The KeyPath should be then one of the files of your component to check if it was installed or not. When your installation becomes corrupt because a file was deleted you cannot repair it with the Repair button under Add/Remove Programs because MSI checks the component integrity via the Resource referenced by its KeyPath. As long as you did not delete the KeyPath file MSI thinks all resources with your component are installed and never executes any repair action. You get even more trouble when you try to remove files during an upgrade (you cannot remove files during an update) from your super component which contains all files. The only way out and therefore best practice is to assign for every resource you want to install an extra component. This ensures painless updatability and repairs and you have much less effort to remove specific files during an upgrade. In effect you get this best practice relation Feature 1  –> n Components Component   1  –>  1 Resources MSI Component Rules Rule 1 – One component per resource Every resource you want to install (file, registry key, value, environment value, shortcut, directory, …) must get its own component which does never change between versions as long as the install location is the same. Penalty If you add more than one resources to a component you will break the repair capability of MSI because the KeyPath is used to check if the component needs repair. MSI ComponentId Files MSI 1.0 {1000} File1-5 MSI 2.0 {2000} File2-5 You want to remove File1 in version 2.0 of your MSI. Since you want to keep the other files you create a new component and add them there. MSI will delete all files if the component refcount of {1000} drops to zero. The files you want to keep are added to the new component {2000}. Ok that does work if your upgrade does uninstall the old MSI first. This will cause the refcount of all previously installed components to reach zero which means that all files present in version 1.0 are deleted. But there is a faster way to perform your upgrade by first installing your new MSI and then remove the old one.  If you choose this upgrade path then you will loose File1-5 after your upgrade and not only File1 as intended by your new component design.   Rule 2 – Only add, never remove resources from a component If you did follow rule 1 you will not need Rule 2. You can add in a patch more resources to one component. That is ok. But you can never remove anything from it. There are tricky ways around that but I do not want to encourage bad component design. Penalty Lets assume you have 2 MSI files which install under the same component one file   MSI1 MSI2 {1000} - ComponentId {1000} – ComponentId File1.txt File2.txt   When you install and uninstall both MSIs you will end up with an installation where either File1 or File2 will be left. Why? It seems that MSI does not store the resources associated with each component in its internal database. Instead Windows will simply query the MSI that is currently uninstalled for all resources belonging to this component. Since it will find only one file and not two it will only uninstall one file. That is the main reason why you never can remove resources from a component!   Rule 3 Never Remove A Component From an Update MSI. This is the same as if you change the GUID of a component by accident for your new update package. The resulting update package will not contain all components from the previously installed package. Penalty When you remove a component from a feature MSI will set the feature state during update to Advertised and log a warning message into its log file when you did enable MSI logging. SELMGR: ComponentId '{2DCEA1BA-3E27-E222-484C-D0D66AEA4F62}' is registered to feature 'xxxxxxx, but is not present in the Component table.  Removal of components from a feature is not supported! MSI (c) (24:44) [07:53:13:436]: SELMGR: Removal of a component from a feature is not supported Advertised means that MSI treats all components of this feature as not installed. As a consequence during uninstall nothing will be removed since it is not installed! This is not only bad because uninstall does no longer work but this feature will also not get the required patches. All other features which have followed component versioning rules for update packages will be updated but the one faulty feature will not. This results in very hard to find bugs why an update was only partially successful. Things got better with Windows Installer 4.5 but you cannot rely on that nobody will use an older installer. It is a good idea to add to your update msiexec call MSIENFORCEUPGRADECOMPONENTRULES=1 which will abort the installation if you did violate this rule.

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