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• /etc/postfix/transport missing; what should it look like?

  - by Thufir

  I'm following the mailman guide but couldn't locate /etc/postfix/ so created it as follows: root@dur:~# root@dur:~# cat /etc/postfix/transport dur.bounceme.net mailman: root@dur:~# root@dur:~# telnet localhost 25 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 dur.bounceme.net ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) ehlo fqdn_test 250-dur.bounceme.net 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN mail from:[email protected] 250 2.1.0 Ok rcpt to:thufir@localhost 451 4.3.0 <thufir@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure rcpt to:[email protected] 451 4.3.0 <[email protected]>: Temporary lookup failure quit 221 2.0.0 Bye Connection closed by foreign host. root@dur:~# root@dur:~# postconf -n alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix default_transport = smtp home_mailbox = Maildir/ inet_interfaces = loopback-only mailbox_command = /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -c /etc/dovecot/conf.d/01-mail-stack-delivery.conf -m "${EXTENSION}" mailbox_size_limit = 0 mailman_destination_recipient_limit = 1 mydestination = dur, dur.bounceme.net, localhost.bounceme.net, localhost myhostname = dur.bounceme.net mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relay_domains = lists.dur.bounceme.net relay_transport = relay relayhost = smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname smtpd_sasl_path = private/dovecot-auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-mail.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-mail.key smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = SSLv3, TLSv1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport root@dur:~# root@dur:~# tail /var/log/mail.log Aug 28 02:05:15 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: connect from localhost[127.0.0.1] Aug 28 02:06:10 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: warning: hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases is unavailable. open database /var/lib/mailman/data/aliases.db: No such file or directory Aug 28 02:06:10 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: warning: hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases lookup error for "thufir@localhost" Aug 28 02:06:10 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from localhost[127.0.0.1]: 451 4.3.0 <thufir@localhost>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<[email protected]> to=<thufir@localhost> proto=ESMTP helo=<fqdn_test> Aug 28 02:06:23 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: warning: hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases is unavailable. open database /var/lib/mailman/data/aliases.db: No such file or directory Aug 28 02:06:23 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: warning: hash:/var/lib/mailman/data/aliases lookup error for "[email protected]" Aug 28 02:06:23 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from localhost[127.0.0.1]: 451 4.3.0 <[email protected]>: Temporary lookup failure; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<fqdn_test> Aug 28 02:06:28 dur postfix/smtpd[20326]: disconnect from localhost[127.0.0.1] Aug 28 02:06:49 dur dovecot: pop3-login: Login: user=<thufir>, method=PLAIN, rip=127.0.0.1, lip=127.0.0.1, mpid=20338, TLS Aug 28 02:06:49 dur dovecot: pop3(thufir): Disconnected: Logged out top=0/0, retr=0/0, del=0/0, size=0 root@dur:~# The manual page is here.

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• The Uganda .NET Usergroup meeting for January 2011 - a look back.

  - by Malisa L. Ncube

  We had a very interesting meeting on Friday 28th last week. We had 10 attendees and two speakers. The first topic presented was Cloud Computing, presented by Allan Rwakatungu @arwakatungu who works with MTN Uganda. He gave a very brilliant outline of how Cloud computing and service oriented applications had begun changing the platform for operating business and the costs it saves because of scalability and elasticity. He went on to demonstrate the steps you would take if you are beginning a new Windows Azure project. He explained the history and evolution of the Windows Azure, SQL Azure and cloud services offered by Amazon and google.com. The attendees had many questions to ask (obviously), but they were all answered very well. We once again thank Allan, for taking time to prepare the presentation and demonstrating for us. We recorded a video on the entire presentation and after doing some editing we will publish it. One wish which was echoed by most members was that Microsoft should open the cloud services and development for Africa. Microsoft currently does not even have servers here in Africa and so far, that does not put African developers in the same platform as other developers in other continents. Now is the time considering the improvements in network speeds and joining of the Seacom network and broadband.   I presented on Parallelism and Multithreading using .NET 4.0, I also gave some details on the language changes in C# 5.0 and the async keyword and the TaskEx class. I explained the Task, Scheduling of parallel tasks and demonstrated problems that may arise from using parallelism inappropriately. I also demonstrated the performance improvements that may be achieved by taking advantage of multi-core processors. You may download the presentation on Parallelism and Multi-threading from here. The resolution of the meeting was that we should meet more than once a month and begin other activities which should be more fun. e.g. Geek Dinner, Geek Beer or CodeCamp. Based on that we all agreed we shall have a mid-month meeting starting from February. Cheers folks! del.icio.us Tags: .net,usergroup,cloud computing,parallelism,multi-threading

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• TechEd 2012: Recap

  - by Tim Murphy

  TechEd this week was a great experience and I wanted to wrap it up with a summary post. First let me say a thank you to John and Jeff from GWB for supplying power, connectivity and a place to work in between sessions.  The blogging hub was a great experience in itself.  Getting to talk with other bloggers and other conference goers turned into a series of interesting conversations.  And where else can you almost end up in the day 1 highlights video? The sessions at TechEd were a mixed bag of value.  The Keynotes rocked, both figuratively and literally and most of the sessions that I want to were a good experience and had gems of information to take away.  There were a few exceptions though.  A couple of the sessions turned out to be sales jobs.  Nothing turns me off more than that (there will be some really honest comments on those surveys). TechEd re-enforced for me that much of the value is not in the sessions, but in the networking opportunities. I got to talk with several Microsoft team members and MVPs as well as some of the vendor representative for companies like Inrule and ComponentOne. Also got to expand both my local and extended community with discussions at meal times and waiting for sessions to start. I think this is one of the benefits that a lot of people don’t take advantage of in these conferences that should be a bigger part of the advertising. Exposure to a wide variety of topics, many of which I had not been able to make time for up to this point was envigorating.  The list of topic includes: Office 365, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8, Metro, Azure.  I can’t wait to get back to work and dig into these subjects in more depth. The one complaint that I had and heard from other attendees was that there weren’t enough sessions that were actually about development.  I realize that TechEd started as an event for IT Pros, but there needs to be more value for the Devs.  It all went by too fast and it will take a couple more days to digest the material, but the batteries are and I’m ready to leverage what I’ve learned.  Hopefully we will do it again next year. del.icio.us Tags: TechEd,TechEd 2012

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• TechEd 2012: Windows 8 And Metro

  - by Tim Murphy

  Windows 8 is here (or at least very close) and that was the main feature of this morning’s key note.  Antoine LeBlond started off by apologizing to the IT professionals since he planned on showing code.  I’m not sure if IT Pros are that easily confused or why you would need such a disclaimer.  Developers do real work, IT Pros just play with toys (just kidding). The highlights of the Windows 8 keynote for me started with some of the UI design elements that I had not seen when I was shown one of the Build tablets.  Specifically I liked the AppBar features that we have become used to with Windows Phone and some of the gesture features.  Even though they have been available on other platforms before I think Microsoft really got them right. Two other great features of Windows 8 that they demonstrated were the Hyper-V capabilities and the ability to run Windows 8 anywhere from a USB key.  My jaw dropped through the floor seeing a feature rich OS boot off of a thumb drive. WOW!  I also can’t wait to get rid of dual booting just to run Hyper-V images when developing. The morning continued with a session on Metro XAML development with Tim Heuer.  While included a lot of great XAML Metro demos, I was pleasantly surprised by some of the things I found out about Visual Studio 2012.  Finding out that Blend is now integrated with VS2012 was a nice addition after working with them as separate applications was an encouraging start. Moving on to Metro he introduced the nugget that WinRT is Async everywhere.  How deep this model goes will be an interesting thing to find out as I learn more about developing for the platform.  Thankfully he followed that up with a couple of new keywords, await and async, that eliminates a lot of plumbing that has been required in the past for asynchronous transactions. Tim also related that since the Metro framework is relatively small and most apps will use a significant amount of it the entire surface is referenced by default.  This is a contrast to adding namespace and assemblies one after another as we normally do. This was such a power packed session that I can’t detail it all here so here is the teaser list. New icons in VS2012 for extension methods Emulator/simulator testing features for gestures Portable class libraries XAML no longer managed code And so much more …   del.icio.us Tags: Windows 8,Metro,Tim Heuer,XAML,Widows Phone,Hyper-V,Antoine LeBlond,TechEd,TechEd 2012,Visual Studio 2012,Visual Studio

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• SharePoint Thoughts

  - by Tim Murphy

  I was listening to .NET Rocks episode #713 and it got me thinking about a number of SharePoint related topics. I have been working with SharePoint since the 2001 product came out and have watched it evolve over the years.  Today SharePoint is one of the most powerful and flexible products in the market.  Of course that doesn’t mean there isn’t room for improvement (a lot of improvement in fact) and with much power comes much responsibility. My main gripe these days is that you have to develop on a server instance.  This adds a real barrier to entry for developers.  You either have to run VMWare or Hyper-V on your developer machine or actually develop on your dev server for most tasks.  Yes, there is a way to setup a Windows 7 machine with the SharePoint components but it is very hackish. Beyond that the tools in VS2010 are a great leap forward from past generations.  Not requiring a separate package creation tool is not the least of the improvements.  Better workflow and web part development have also eased the burden of many developers. The other thing the show brought up in my thoughts was more around usage.  Users want to be able to self server everything without regard to what affect that has on leveraging their data from a corporate perspective.  My coworkers who work on Lotus Notes ask why the user can’t just do what ever they want? Part of the reason is that those features have not been built, but the other part is that giving them those features is often like giving an infant a loaded hand gun.  You can do it but it doesn’t make it the smart thing to do. As with any tool that is going to be used in the enterprise it should be subject to governance.  If controls are not in place as they said in the episode of DNR the document libraries and I believe SharePoint in general starts to look as disarrayed and unusable as a shared drive.  Consider these factors before giving into every whim of the users.  You should be able to explain to them the tradeoffs of giving them full control versus being able to leverage the information they collect to the benefit of the organization. These are just a couple of the thoughts that were triggered by the show.  I’m sure there are more discussions that can be had.  Feel free to leave your comments about the pros and cons of SharePoint. del.icio.us Tags: .NET Rocks,SharePoint,software development

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• 3 Reasons You Need To Know Something About Every Technology

  - by Tim Murphy

  I make my living as a consultant and a general technologist.  I credit my success to the fact that I have never been afraid to pick up any product, language or platform needed to get the job done.  While Microsoft technologies I my mainstay, I have done work on mainframe and UNIX platforms and have worked with a wide variety of database engines.  Each one has it’s use and most times it is less expensive to find a way to communicate with an existing system than to replace it. So what are the main benefits of expending the effort to learn a new technology? New ways to solve problems Accelerate development Advise clients and get new business opportunities By new technology I mean ones that you haven’t had experience with before.  They don’t have to be the the one that just came out yesterday.  As they say, those who do not learn from history are bound to repeat it.  If you can learn something from an older technology it can be just as valuable as the shiny new one.  Either way, when you add another tool to your kit you get a new view on each problem you face.  This makes it easier to create a sound solution. The next thing you can learn from working with different products and techniques is how to more efficiently develop solve problems.  Many times if you are working with a new language you will find that there are specific design patterns that are used with it in normal use.  These can usually be applied with most languages.  You just needed to be exposed to them. The last point is about helping your clients and helping yourself.  If you can get in on technologies early you will have advantage over your competition in the market.  You will also be able to honestly advise you client on why they should or should not go with a new product.  Being able to compare products and their features is always an ability that stake holders appreciate. You don’t need to learn every detail of a product.  Learn enough to function and get an idea of how to use the technology.  Keep eating those technology Wheaties and you will be ready to go the distance in any project. del.icio.us Tags: Technology,technologists,technology generalist,Software Architecture

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• Microsoft BUILD 2013&ndash;Day 1 Summary

  - by Tim Murphy

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/tmurphy/archive/2013/06/27/microsoft-build-2013ndashday-1-summary.aspx I’m happy to be at BUILD this week, mainly because my flights finally got me here late on Tuesday.  My biggest complaints so far are the flights and the hotel.  It seems that almost every flight into San Francisco were delayed multiple hours.  The Sequester so lovingly forced on America by congress means that the airport was short controllers.   That, along with poor weather and airport construction meant most people were 2-3 hours late arriving.  Add on top of that the fact that the hotel that I picked durring registration is absolutely horrid.  It looks like something out of a ghost hunters show and smells like it too.  I think if Microsoft is going to select a hotel they need to make sure that it is adequate. Rant over! So what happened the first day?  Steve Balmer started off the keynote along with Julie Larson-Green and a cast of others.  We finally found out that there were around six thousand people attending BUILD and that the focus this year would be Windows 8, Windows Phone 8 and Azure.  For the rest of the keynote I am going to have a separate post. You can’t have a Microsoft conference without some fun.  This year they have a hunt for pins that represent different gestures in Windows 8.  I got all of mine.  Now they just need to pull my name. The sessions I attended were really good. They covered live tiles, what’s new in XAML and building Windows Phone UIs presented by Kraig Brockschmidt, Tim Heuer and Shawn Oster respectively.  These will also be covered in separate posts. The exhibit area was interesting, but somewhat disappointing.  TechEd 2012 I think was better organized and better staffed by the vendors.  It also seemed that the Microsoft teams’ booths were also in need of some organization and staffing. Overall it was a really fun day capped off by all six thousand attendees standing in like to get their Acer 8” tables and Surface Pros.  What a day!  Stay tuned for follow up posts. del.icio.us Tags: BUILD 2013,Windows 8.1,Winodws Phone,XAML,Keynote

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• Styling Windows Phone Silverlight Applications

  - by Tim Murphy

  If you have not developed with styles in Silverlight/XAML then it can be challenging and resources can be sparse depending on how deep you get.  One thing that you need to understand is what level you can apply styles and how much they can cascade.  What I am finding is that this doesn’t go to the level that we are used to in HTML and CSS. While styles can be defined at a page level if you want to share styles throughout your application they should be defined in the App.xaml file.  This is of course analogous to placing a style in your HTML file versus an external CSS file.  This is the type of style I will concentrate on in this post. The first thing to look it how styles associate to elements.  TargetType defines the object type that your style will apply to.  In the example below the style is targeting the TextBlock object type. <Style x:Key="TextBlockSmallGray" TargetType="TextBlock"> Next we use a Setter which allows you to apply values for specific attributes of the target object type.  The setters can be a simple value or complex.  The first example here is simply applying a color to the background property of the target. <Setter Property="Background" Value="White"/> The second setter example here is for the same property, but we are applying a the definition of a LinearGradientBrush. <Setter Property="Background"> <Setter.Value> <LinearGradientBrush> <GradientStop Offset="0" Color="Black"/> <GradientStop Offset="1" Color="White"/> </LinearGradientBrush> </Setter.Value> </Setter> The last thing I want to cover here is that you can leverage the system styles and then override or extend them.  The BasedOn attribute of the Style tag allows this sort of inheritance.  In the example below I am going to start with the PhoneTextTitleStyle and then override properties as needed. <Style x:Key="TextBlockTitle" BasedOn="{StaticResource PhoneTextTitle1Style}" TargetType="TextBlock"> So now that we have our styles defined applying it is fairly straight forward.  Add the style name as a static resource to the style property of the element in your page and off you go. <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Style="{StaticResource PageGridStyle}"> So this is one step in creating consistency in your application’s look.  In future posts I will dig a little deeper. del.icio.us Tags: windows phone 7,mobile development,windows phone 7 development,.NET,software development,design,UX

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• Creating Corporate Windows Phone Applications

  - by Tim Murphy

  Most developers write Windows Phone applications for their own gratification and their own wallets.  While most of the time I would put myself in the same camp, I am also a consultant.  This means that I have corporate clients who want corporate solutions.  I recently got a request for a system rebuild that includes a Windows Phone component.  This brought up the questions of what are the important aspects to consider when building for this situation. Let’s break it down in to the points that are important to a company using a mobile application.  The company want to make sure that their proprietary software is safe from use by unauthorized users.  They also want to make sure that the data is secure on the device. The first point is a challenge.  There is no such thing as true private distribution in the Windows Phone ecosystem at this time.  What is available is the ability to specify you application for targeted distribution.  Even with targeted distribution you can’t ensure that only individuals within your organization will be able to load you application.  Because of this I am taking two additional steps.  The first is to register the phone’s DeviceUniqueId within your system.  Add a system sign-in and that should cover access to your application. The second half of the problem is securing the data on the phone.  This is where the ProtectedData API within the System.Security.Cryptography namespace comes in.  It allows you to encrypt your data before pushing it to isolated storage on the device. With the announcement of Windows Phone 8 coming this fall, many of these points will have different solutions.  Private signing and distribution of applications will be available.  We will also have native access to BitLocker.  When you combine these capabilities enterprise application development for Windows Phone will be much simpler.  Until then work with the above suggestions to develop your enterprise solutions. del.icio.us Tags: Windows Phone 7,Windows Phone,Corporate Deployment,Software Design,Mango,Targeted Applications,ProtectedData API,Windows Phone 8

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• Building Enterprise Smartphone App &ndash; Part 3: Key Concerns

  - by Tim Murphy

  This is part 3 in a series of posts based on a talk I gave recently at the Chicago Information Technology Architects Group.  Feel free to leave feedback. Keys Concerns Of Smartphones In The Enterprise These are the factors that you need to be aware of and address in order to build successful enterprise smartphone applications.  Most of them have nothing to do with the application itself as you will see here. Managing Devices Managing devices is a factor that is going to effect how much your company will have to spend outside of developing the applications.  How will you track the devices within the corporation?  How often will you have to replace phones and as a consequence have to upgrade your applications to support new phones?  The devices can represent a significant investment of capital.  If these questions are not addressed you will find a number of hidden costs throughout the life of your solution. Purchase or BYOD We have seen the trend of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) lately within the enterprise.  How many meetings have you been in where someone is on their personal iPad, iPhone, Android phone or Windows Phone?  The issue is if you can afford to support everyone's choice in device? That is a lot to take on even if you only support the current release of each platform. Do you go with the most popular device or do you pick a platform that best matches your current ecosystem and distribute company owned devices?  There is no easy answer here, but you should be able give some dollar value to both hardware and development costs related to platform coverage. Asset Tracking/Insurance Smartphones are devices that are easier to lose or have stolen than laptops and desktops. Not only do you have your normal asset management concerns but also assignment of financial responsibility. You also will need to insure them against damage and theft and add legal documents that spell out the responsibilities of the employees that use these devices. Personal vs. Corporate Data What happens when you terminate an employee?  How do you recover the device?  What happens when they have put personal data on the device?  These are all situation that can cause possible loss of corporate intellectual property or legal repercussions of reclaiming a device with personal data on it.  Policies need to be put in place that protect the company from being exposed to type of loss.  This can mean significant legal and procedural cost that you need to consider. Coming Up In the last installment of this series I will cover application development considerations. del.icio.us Tags: Smartphones,Enterprise Smartphone Apps,Architecture

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• Windows Server 2003 Trial Activation Issue

  - by Adam Batkin

  I have a Windows Server 2003 (R2 Enterprise with SP2) VM, originally installed with a trial license. We forgot about the server, and now more than 120 days has passed, and I can't do anything with the server. I seem to be at a dead end with the existing installation. When I log in, I get: The evaluation period for this copy of Windows has ended. Windows cannot start. To continue using Windows, please purchase and install a retail copy of the product. Fine. I'll do that with my MSDN media. I should add that safe mode works, but there isn't anything obvious that I found to help me there Next up, I tried repairing my installation: Boot from Server 2003 R2 Enterprise with SP2 media, tell it I want to install (as opposed to recovery console), then let it repair the existing install. Once that completes and reboots I log in: This copy of Windows must be activated with Microsoft before you can continue. You cannot log on until you activate Windows. Do you want to activate Windows now? To shut down the computer, click Cancel. Great! I click "Yes" and am left with a big blue screen. Not a blue screen of death, just a blue screen (i.e. the default windows desktop background color). No Ctrl+Alt+Del. All I can do is power cycle. I have some complex third-party software on there that I can't reinstall, which is why I haven't already built a fresh Windows VM and copied everything over. I have a backup of the VM from after trial period expired but before I installed anything. Ideas?

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• Useful Excel keyboard shortcuts

  - by Ben Lings

  What keyboard shortcuts do you use in Excel? Things I've discovered recently and found very useful are: Shift + Space - select the current row Ctrl + Space - select the current column Ctrl + Shift + Space - select the block of contiguous cell Ctrl + + - Insert (as in the context menu). If the current row is selected, will insert a new row. Ctrl + - - Delete (as in the context menu). If the current row is selected, will delete entire row. What (apart from the normal cut, copy, paste, etc) do you use? Ctrl + 1 to open the Format dialog. Shift + F2 to add/edit a cell comment. Shift + F2, followed by Esc to select the current cell comment, which can then be moved around with the arrow keys (????) or deleted by pressing Del. Ctrl + ???? to move to the last non-blank cell in a series. This is usually the edge of a table, but not if you have blank cells in the path. Pressing End followed by an arrow key does the same thing. Alt + F11 to open the VBA editor. Alt + = to start a SUM() formula and go straight to selecting cells to be summed. Ctrl + G or F5 to jump to a cell by typing its coordinates (e.g. C3) Ctrl + Home to jump to the top left, usually A1 unless you you are in a frozen split view, in which case it will jump to the top left of the "data" area. Ctrl + ; and Ctrl + Shift + ; to insert the current date and time, respectively. I know Ben Lings already posted this one, but I find it indispensable.

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• Ubuntu12.04 crashed while trying to install Ubuntu14.04, no longer have access

  - by FACE

  Posting from my laptop, as my Compaq desktop crashed. Not very computer saavy, and not sure what info I should provide...but here's a start: 9 year old desktop Compaq SR 1650NX, AMD Athlon 3500+ probably 1 gB ram (duh....) Was running 12.04....was attempting to upgrade to 14.04, not sure if I interrupted it. Pretty much stuck on (constantly redirected to) a page which says "GNU Grub version 1.99-2"; it offers several choices (as written): Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-67-generic Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-67-generic (recovery mode) Previous Linux versions Memory Test (memtest86+) Memory Test (memtest86+, serial console 115200) But none of the selections seem to be able to get me anywhere (i.e., I click yes, but can't seem to run any commands - not that I know anything useful); I escape from those pages by repeatedly hitting CTRL-ALT-DEL Any help would be appreciated; will provide additional info when requested. Thanx (hopefully), in advance. (If I don't respond immediately, it just means I had to attend to other concerns...will leave page open and check back in as often as possible). FACE

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• Ingress filtering in Linux traffic control: Redirect traffic to IFB device

  - by Dani Camps

  I have an openwrt router and I want to shape incoming traffic in order to classify all the traffic addressed to a certain IP address in my home network as low priority. For that purpose I want to redirect all traffic incoming to the eth1 interface, the one connected to the DSL modem, to an IFB device where I will do the shaping. These are the details of my system: Linux OpenWrt 2.6.32.27 #7 Fri Jul 15 02:43:34 CEST 2011 mips GNU/Linux Here is the script I am using where the last instruction is failing: # Variable definition ETH=eth1 IFB=ifb1 IP_LP="192.168.1.22/32" DL_RATE="900kbps" HP_RATE="890kbps" LP_RATE="10kbps" TC="tc" # Configuring the ifbX interface insmod ifb insmod sch_htb insmod sch_ingress ifconfig $IFB up # Adding the HTB scheduler to the ingress interface $TC qdisc add dev $IFB root handle 1: htb default 11 # Set the maximum bandwidth that each priority class can get, and the maximum borrowing they can do $TC class add dev $IFB parent 1:1 classid 1:10 htb rate $LP_RATE ceil $DL_RATE $TC class add dev $IFB parent 1:1 classid 1:11 htb rate $HP_RATE ceil $DL_RATE # Redirect all ingress traffic arriving at $ETH to $IFB $TC qdisc del dev $ETH ingress 2>/dev/null $TC qdisc add dev $ETH ingress $TC filter add dev $ETH parent ffff: protocol ip prio 1 u32 \ match u32 0 0 flowid 1:1 \ action mirred egress redirect dev $IFB The last instruction fails with: Action 4 device ifb1 ifindex 9 RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory We have an error talking to the kernel Does anyone know what am I doing wrong ? Best Regards Daniel

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• Configure IPv6 routing

  - by godlark

  I've got IPv6 addresses from SIXXS. My host is connected with SIXXS network over a AICCU tunnel ("sixxs" interface). My host address is 2001:::2, the host on the end has address 2001:::1. On my host IPv6 is fully accessible. I have problem with configuring IPv6 network on VMs. I use VirtualBox, the VM (Ubuntu) uses tap1 (on the host bridged by br0) #!/bin/sh PATH=/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin # create a tap tunctl -t tap1 ip link set up dev tap1 # create the bridge brctl addbr br0 brctl addif br0 tap1 # set the IP address and routing ip link set up dev br0 ip -6 route del 2001:6a0:200:172::/64 dev sixxs ip -6 route add 2001:6a0:200:172::1 dev sixxs ip -6 addr add 2001:6a0:200:172::2/64 dev br0 ip -6 route add 2001:6a0:200:172::2/64 dev br0 Host: routing table: 2001:6a0:200:172::1 dev sixxs metric 1024 2001:6a0:200:172::/64 dev br0 proto kernel metric 256 2001:6a0:200:172::/64 dev br0 metric 1024 2000::/3 dev sixxs metric 1024 fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 fe80::/64 dev sixxs proto kernel metric 256 fe80::/64 dev br0 proto kernel metric 256 fe80::/64 dev tap1 proto kernel metric 256 default via 2001:6a0:200:172::1 dev sixxs metric 1024 Guest: interface eth1 (it is connected with tap1): auto eth1 iface eth1 inet6 static address 2001:6a0:200:172::3 netmask 64 gateway 2001:6a0:200:172::2 Guest: routing table 2001:6a0:200:172::/64 dev eth1 proto kernel metric 256 fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 fe80::/64 dev eth1 proto kernel metric 256 default via 2001:6a0:200:172::2 dev eth1 metric 1024 The guest pings to the host, the host pings to the guest, the host pings to 2001:6a0:200:172::1, but the guest doesn't ping to 2001:6a0:200:172::1. The guest tries to ping, on the host (by tcdump) I can capture its packets, but the host doesn't send them to 2001:6a0:200:172::1. What have I missed in configuration?

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• Traffic Shaping using tc

  - by Simon

  Hi guys, I have a 1.5 Mbit/s link that i want to share with 150 users. My setup is the following: Linux box with 3 NICs eth0 - public ip eth1 - subnet A - 50 users (static ips) eth2 - subnet B - 100 users (via dhcp) I am using squid as a transparent proxy on port 3128. dhcp server using ports 67 and 68. I was creating, but I think packets are not going to the right queues #!/bin/bash DEV=eth0 RATE_MAIN=2048kbit CEIL_MAIN=2048kbit BURST=1b CBURST=1b RATE_DEFAULT=1024kbit CEIL_DEFAULT=$CEIL_MAIN PRIO_DEFAULT=3 RATE_P2P=1024Kbit CEIL_P2P=$CEIL_MAIN PRIO_P2P=4 RATE_IND=32kbit CEIL_IND=$CEIL_DEFAULT tc qdisc del dev $DEV root tc qdisc add dev $DEV root handle 1: htb default 30 tc class add dev $DEV parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate $RATE_MAIN ceil $CEIL_MAIN tc class add dev $DEV parent 1:1 classid 1:10 htb rate $RATE_DEFAULT ceil $CEIL_MAIN burst $BURST cburst $CBURST prio $PRIO_WEB ## some other sub class for p2p other traffic tc class add dev $DEV parent 1:1 classid 1:20 htb rate $RATE_P2P ceil $CEIL_P2P burst $BURST cburst $CBURST prio $PRIO_P2P $IPS_NET1=50 $IPS_NET2=100 let $IPS=$IPS_NET1+$IPS_NET2 for ((i=1; i<= $IPS; i++)) do let CLASSID=($i+100) let HANDLE=($i+100) tc class add dev $DEV parent 1:10 classid 1:$CLASSID htb rate $RATE_IND ceil $CEIL_IND tc qdisc add dev $DEV parent 1:$CLASSID handle $HANDLE: sfq perturb 10 done ## Generate IP addresses ## IP_ADDRESSES="" # Subnet A BASE_IP=10.10.10. for ((i=2; i<=$IPS_NET1+1; i++)) do TEMP="$BASE_IP$i" IP=ADDRESSES="$IP_ADDRESSES $TEMP" done # Subnet B BASE_IP=192.168.0. for ((i=2; i<=$IPS_NET2+1; i++)) do TEMP="$BASE_IP$i" IP_ADDRESSES="$IP_ADDRESSES $TEMP" done ## FILTERS ## j=1 U32="tc filter add dev $DEV protocol ip parent 1:0 prio $PRIO_DEFAULT u32" for NET in $IP_ADDRESSES; do let CLASSID=($j+100) $U32_DEFAULT match ip src $NET/32 flowid 1:$CLASSID $U32_DEFAULT match ip dst $NET/32 flowid 1:$CLASSID let j=j+1 done Can you guys help me figure out what's wrong with it? basically I want my classes to be 1:1 (1.5 Mbit ) 1:10 (1024 Kbit) 1:20 (1024 Kbit) (200 ips each with 32 kbit)

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• BOOTMGR is compressed

  - by JavaAndCSharp

  So I've just finished messing up my computer beyond repair. I originally had a Windows 7 install on my 64GB SSD and all my data on my 1.5TB HDD. So I decided to install Windows 8 Consumer Preview. I tried to clone my 64GB SSD onto my HDD; but that didn't work either at first. I later learned that it wiped all my data off of it. Thank goodness for the cloud. So I retried the cloning after I realized that my data was gone, and I finished it. So I rebooted and got a cryptic error message: BOOTMGR is compressed. Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart. So I did. Several times. I followed the instructions to rebuild the bootmanager from many websites, including HowToGeek, smallvoid.com, and more. None worked. BTW, I've lost my Windows 7 Professional DVDs. All I have is my Windows 7 Home Premium DVD. It's the one I got with my laptop. How can I get back to a working computer? I'm willing to wipe anything, as my data is all in the cloud.

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• "A disk read error occurred" when booting XP disk image in VirtualBox

  - by intuited

  I'm trying to boot an XP installation cloned into VirtualBox from a real drive. I'm getting the message A disk read error occurred Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart whenever* I try to boot the machine. * This is not strictly true: with AMD-V enabled, the boot process appears to not make it this far and instead hangs at a black screen with cursor. I created the VirtualBox image from the original drive using the following method: $ sudo ddrescue -n /dev/sdd sdd.img logfile # completed without errors $ VBoxManage convertfromraw sdd.img disk.vdi The original disk (and the image) contain a single NTFS partition with XP installed on it. The owner of the drive indicates that it did boot okay the last time the system made it that far. The (Pentium 4) system has a broken (enormous) heat sink, so at some point it failed to boot because it would quickly overheat and shut down. If I boot the VM from a live cd, I am able to mount its /dev/sda1 without any problems. I ran ntfsfix and didn't have any luck. I've read through the instructions on doing this. I didn't really follow them. For example, I didn't run MergeIDE before imaging because the machine was not bootable. However, the symptom of that problem seems to be quite different. The emitted message is contained in the volume boot record of the XP partition, which leads me to suspect that this is a problem with the core operating system bootstrap procedure, and not related to anything in the registry. I don't have an XP boot CD.

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• Bash Script - Traffic Shaping

  - by Craig-Aaron

  hey all, I was wondering if you could have a look at my script and help me add a few things to it, How do I get it to find how many active ethernet ports I have? and how do I filter more than 1 ethernet port How I get this to do a range of IP address? Once I have a few ethenet ports I need to add traffic control to each one #!/bin/bash # Name of the traffic control command. TC=/sbin/tc # The network interface we're planning on limiting bandwidth. IF=eth0 # Network card interface # Download limit (in mega bits) DNLD=10mbit # DOWNLOAD Limit # Upload limit (in mega bits) UPLD=1mbit # UPLOAD Limit # IP address range of the machine we are controlling IP=192.168.0.1 # Host IP # Filter options for limiting the intended interface. U32="$TC filter add dev $IF protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 1 u32" start() { # Hierarchical Token Bucket (HTB) to shape bandwidth $TC qdisc add dev $IF root handle 1: htb default 30 #Creates the root schedlar $TC class add dev $IF parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate $DNLD #Creates a child schedlar to shape download $TC class add dev $IF parent 1: classid 1:2 htb rate $UPLD #Creates a child schedlar to shape upload $U32 match ip dst $IP/24 flowid 1:1 #Filter to match the interface, limit download speed $U32 match ip src $IP/24 flowid 1:2 #Filter to match the interface, limit upload speed } stop() { # Stop the bandwidth shaping. $TC qdisc del dev $IF root } restart() { # Self-explanatory. stop sleep 1 start } show() { # Display status of traffic control status. $TC -s qdisc ls dev $IF } case "$1" in start) echo -n "Starting bandwidth shaping: " start echo "done" ;; stop) echo -n "Stopping bandwidth shaping: " stop echo "done" ;; restart) echo -n "Restarting bandwidth shaping: " restart echo "done" ;; show) echo "Bandwidth shaping status for $IF:" show echo "" ;; *) pwd=$(pwd) echo "Usage: tc.bash {start|stop|restart|show}" ;; esac exit 0 thanks

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• Add bookmarks to Delicious and Google Bookmarks at the same time

  - by BrianH

  I have used delicious.com (or back then, del.icio.us) to store my bookmarks for a long time now, and I love it. I was looking through some of my Google services, and realized they have a bookmarking service that integrates with your Google searches (I thought they had a bookmarking service before, but it went away? Maybe not). I like delicious just fine - I'm not interested in leaving. But I also like how my Google bookmarks are highlighted (and I'm guessing, brought to the top) in my search results so I can easily tell if I've bookmarked a site (kind of like the "promote up" feature). I can't even count the number of times I search for a site only to find I've been there months or years ago. If sites I've bookmarked in the past are highlighted in my search results, it makes it easier to pick which search result to go to. My question is around bookmarking tools: Is there a bookmarklet or Firefox addon that will let me save a bookmark to multiple services at the same time, in this case, Google and Delicious? Or maybe a service to sync my delicious bookmarks to Google bookmarks on a regular basis? I have used the Delicious addon since the beginning - it would just be nice to add a bookmark to multiple services with 1 addon. For that matter, it would be nice to add Evernote into the mix - click 1 button to save the page to Evernote, and bookmark the page in Google and delicious. EDIT on 7/30/2009 - Summary: A proposed solution is to use the Delicious addon and the GMarks addon to keep the 2 services in sync. I was not able to get the 2 addons to keep everything in sync, so it was also suggest to use the Google Toolbar with the Delicious addon to keep everything in sync. I personally have reservations with letting Google know about every single site I visit, I believe this solution will work, so I am accepting it as the answer. I still wish there was a solution that would let you post a bookmark/page to multiple services at the same time (delicious, google, evernote, digg, diigo, etc.). Thanks!

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• Cannot Delete Item "Could Not Find This Item" issue

  - by aronchick

  A friend sent a long a file (a .rar) he wanted me to check out for him before he installed it. I downloaded it and unrared it with no problems, but it was full of .exe's instead of the intended contents (fonts) so I advised him to delete it immediately and not use. I then proceeded to do the same, but the folder simply will not delete. Oddly the files went fine, and I never ran anything, but this is what I'm seeing: Could not find this item This is no longer located in C:\Users\This_User\Desktop. verify the item's location and try again. I've tried the following things with no help: Using "Unlocker" to Unlock and delete Using move on reboot and rebooting Using PendMoves (from sysinternals) and rebooting Elevating a cmd line, doing a dir /x to get the short name of the folder, and then del 'shortna~1' Moving the folder to a new folder and then trying to delete the parent folder I'm on Windows 7 RTM, very fresh install. Any thoughts? Update: Just to confirm, I've run Hijack this and half a dozen other malware detectors, and everything came back clean (no extra processes, no other obvious badness). Rebooting in safe mode didn't help either.

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• Unable to activate Windows XP

  - by Josh Kelley

  The latest round of Patch Tuesday updates left my Windows XP computer unbootable. ("Fatal System Error: The Windows Logon Process system process terminated unexpectedly.") After much messing around with the recovery console, an XP CD's repair mode, and manually copying registry files around, I have a system that can boot again. However, I overwrote my OEM XP installation's activation information while trying to run a retail XP CD's setup, so it needs reactivation. Here's my problem: I cannot activate it at all. I log in, Windows tells me I have to activate to continue, I click Yes, and absolutely nothing happens: no windows, no response to keyboard or mouse, no response to Ctrl-Alt-Del, nothing. Safe mode works, but I can't activate in safe mode (EDIT: not even safe mode with networking). I read a trick online of pressing [Windows Key]+U to bring up the Microsoft Narrator, and that works, but clicking its Microsoft Web Site link does nothing. My last attempt to resolve this was to reinstall Windows off of the OEM CD. Now I have two parallel Windows installations, both on the same hard drive, one with all of my stuff and no way to activate it, one fully activated with no usable programs. Any ideas? Any way to activate in safe mode? Any way to copy activation information from my activated installation to my unactivated installation (since they're both on the same hard drive)?

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• Task Manager Does Not Start Every Time

  - by diek

  I have had a problem that started some time ago, 6 months maybe. I should have noted the first instance but I didn't. I am using Windows 7 Pro, 32bit. Under normal circumstances I can open up the the Task Manager, via the task bar or cntrl alt del. When I get a program stuck, causing a freeze or non-responsive system I try to open the task manager. It will not work. I have had plenty of similar problems in the past and I had no trouble getting it open. I have searched the internet but the only results I can find are when the task manager will not start under any situation. I am running ESET NOD32 as the anti-virus. The latest example happened when I opened a new tab in Google and tried to copy an image. Google accounts for at least 50% of the examples. Ran System File Checker tool, sfc /scannow as recommended on another post. No errors returned. Any guidance would be appreciated.

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• Linux Mint 13 is not booting on dual boot computer

  - by Brian

  thanks in advance for your time. I have 2 hard drives in my computer a 300 GB drive which is my primary drive for windows 7 and a 1.5 TB drive that I'd used for storage. When I got it I partitioned 500 GB for use in Linux. So, I created a bootable USB and clicked the "Install by Current Operating System" option from Mint. It installed it to the free 500 GB like I'd hoped it would. Now, I can't get it to boot though. I've tried using EasyBCD to create the boot entry and it hangs on a black screen. Thanks. EDIT @ Ryhuk It presents a menu with two options 1) Windows and 2) Mint. This was a menu I created with easyBCD. When I select option 1 it boots to windows fine. When I select option 2 it hangs on a black screen with just a white bar flashing (Can't remember what its called, it marks the current cursor location on a text field) and won't respond to any key presses but alt ctrl del.

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• How to prioritize openvpn traffic?

  - by aditsu

  I have an openvpn server, with one network interface. VPN traffic is extremely slow. I tried to do traffic control with this configuration (currently): qdisc del dev eth0 root qdisc add dev eth0 root handle 1: htb default 12 class add dev eth0 parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate 900mbit #vpn class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:10 htb rate 1500kbit ceil 3000kbit prio 1 #local net class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:11 htb rate 10mbit ceil 900mbit prio 2 #other class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:12 htb rate 500kbit ceil 1000kbit prio 2 filter add dev eth0 protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 1 u32 match ip sport 1194 0xffff flowid 1:10 filter add dev eth0 protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 2 u32 match ip dst 192.168.10.0/24 flowid 1:11 qdisc add dev eth0 parent 1:10 handle 10: sfq perturb 10 qdisc add dev eth0 parent 1:11 handle 11: sfq perturb 10 qdisc add dev eth0 parent 1:12 handle 12: sfq perturb 10 But it's still extremely slow. I have an imaps connection that keeps transferring data continuously (I successfully limited the rate) but with openvpn I can't seem to get more than about 100kbit/s The internet connection speed is about 3mbit/s (symmetric) What could be the problem? Does the sport filter work for udp?

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